277:
110:
137:
535:
collections where the fossil was stored; however, the fossil itself did not have a label indicating its location. Doubt was later raised regarding the provenance of the fossil, with
Manchester being informed that the UCMP formerly housed collections of very similarly colored shale from the Chu Chua
641:
runs 1.6β5.6 mm (0.1β0.2 in) from the pedicel up the attachment scar before turning inward at a 90β135Β° angle towards the center of the wing. In the central area of the wing, 2β8 mm (0.1β0.3 in) from the wing edge, is a pyriform to elliptical seed with a diameter of 3β8 mm
478:
was the result of several factors. Range reduction was likely due to overall global cooling during the
Oligocene and Miocene, combined with increased and intensified rain fall in the northern hemisphere and associated high latitude drying.
650:
network of secondary veins. The tertiary veins spreading out from the seed though the wing split and join as they extend to the wing margin. connecting the tertiaries is a fine reticulum of quaternary veins which form polygonal areoles.
568:
have been identified in Joseph Creek collections, the genus is present at coeval locations elsewhere in the Eocene
Okanagan Highlands, leading Manchester (2001) to place the fossil as Joseph Creek, and state
878:
Wolfe, J.A.; Wehr, W.C. (1987). Middle Eocene dicotyledonous plants from
Republic, northeastern Washington (Report). Bulletin. Vol. 1597. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1β25.
637:. The mericarps have a circular smooth outline, extending from the proximal attachment scar, giving a subelliptical profile to the 8β24 mm (0.3β0.9 in) wing. A single
548:
analysis of pollen in the specimen matrix was performed in
October 2000 in conjunction with the Manchester (2001) research as an attempt to determine the origin site. Based on
739:
Manchester, S. R.; Chen, Z.D.; Lu, A. M.; Uemura, K. (2009). "Eastern Asian endemic seed plant genera and their paleogeographic history throughout the
Northern Hemisphere".
532:
415:
of
Colorado, while the last North American occurrence is in the Early Oligocene, Rupelian of upper John Day Formations Bridge Creek Flora. Concurrently,
857:
Berry, E.W. (1929). A revision of the flora of the Latah
Formation (Report). Professional Paper. United States Geological Survey. pp. 225β265.
958:
953:
988:
357:
of
Northeastern coastal Russia. Migration between the slightly older Russian Far East site and North America was likely facilitated by the
948:
436:
963:
381:
993:
978:
552:
analysis of Fushun shale, Chu Chua shale and the specimen, much of the palynofloras overlapped. However the palynomorphs
998:
537:
377:
285:
276:
124:
692:(Sapindaceae) from the Tertiary of North America and implications for the phytogeographic history of the Aceroideae"
136:
968:
943:
586:
365:
983:
580:
fossils were reexamined and redescribed by Amy McClain and Steven
Manchester, whose 2001 type description for
973:
317:
564:
were only seen in Fushun samples and not the Chu Chua or the mystery sample. Additionally though no other
554:
468:
393:
354:
253:
528:
408:
109:
412:
397:
347:
474:
305:
560:
920:
756:
713:
536:
Formation near Joseph Creek, British Columbia. The Chu Chua fossils had been transferred to the
404:
389:
373:
131:
721:
516:
407:
of central Oregon. During the middle to late Eocene the species spread east and south to the
385:
598:
and restrict the taxon definition to only foliage. They opted to name the new fruit species
912:
879:
858:
796:
748:
703:
630:
369:
838:
Brown, R. (1935). "Miocene leaves, fruits, and seeds from Idaho, Oregon, and Washington".
499:
487:
325:
174:
817:"Late Eocene silicified fruits and seeds from the John Day Formation near Post, Oregon"
376:. Fossils have been found in the Okanagan highlands formations from the southern most
161:
120:
937:
816:
780:
752:
629:
which attach along a straight proximal edge. The schizocarps were born on long thin
531:
in Liaoning Province, China. The location was taken from the specimen drawer in the
503:
67:
760:
800:
647:
520:
based on the difference in leaflet venation from that of other sapindalian taxa.
498:
based on both fruits and leaflets including one pair of leaflets first figured by
900:
507:
301:
220:
42:
622:
545:
429:
230:
210:
87:
52:
511:
321:
92:
36:
32:
725:
527:
mericarp fossil which was at that time identified as being from the Eocene
590:. McClain and Manchester noted the lack of attachment fossils uniting the
643:
634:
626:
603:
432:
420:
358:
187:
82:
77:
62:
57:
47:
924:
717:
463:
342:
340:
are both Paleogene in age, with fossils found in the Middle Paleocene,
297:
97:
72:
549:
351:
309:
200:
916:
708:
687:
424:
863:
884:
440:
275:
148:
901:"Biogeographical relationships of North American tertiary floras"
779:
Ding, W. N.; Huang, J.; Su, T.; Xing, Y. W.; Zhou, Z. K. (2018).
638:
594:
leaflets to fruits, and as such opted to remove the fruits from
606:
honoring Roland Brown as the first systematist to recognize
514:
for the species, which they moved to the new extinct genus
458:
from the broad North American and wide Asian range seen in
781:"An early Oligocene occurrence of the palaeoendemic genus
642:(0.1β0.3 in). Covering the surface of the seed
403:
During the Middle Eocene the species appears in the
540:collections in the 1970's, but it was possible the
364:In the Early Eocene the species expanded into the
625:consisting of three, and less commonly two, flat
320:in North America and Asia ranging in age between
633:which flared to a disk-shaped juncture with the
533:University of California Museum of Paleontology
774:
772:
770:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
8:
686:McClain, A. M.; Manchester, S. R. (2001).
427: ± 1 million years ago
108:
20:
883:
862:
815:Manchester, S.R.; McIntosh, W.C. (2007).
707:
502:(1929). The species was redescribed by
443:, and are also the southern most of the
905:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
659:
361:during the early to middle Paleoene.
789:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
573:was not present in the Fushun Flora.
510:(1987) who designated the leaflet as
454:(2018) posited that the reduction of
7:
741:Journal of Systematics and Evolution
785:(Sapindaceae) from Southwest China"
523:Manchester (1999) figured a single
14:
437:Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture
753:10.1111/j.1759-6831.2009.00001.x
135:
355:Middle-Upper Tsagayan Formation
959:Eocene plants of North America
801:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2017.11.002
269:McClain & Manchester, 2001
1:
954:Fossil taxa described in 2001
332:Distribution and paleoecology
989:Klondike Mountain Formation
544:specimen was left behind.
538:Geological Survey of Canada
378:Klondike Mountain Formation
336:The oldest occurrences for
286:Klondike Mountain Formation
125:Klondike Mountain Formation
1015:
899:Manchester, S. R. (1999).
696:American Journal of Botany
587:American Journal of Botany
483:History and classification
384:, with occurrences in the
462:to the isolated regional
419:fruits are also found in
366:Eocene Okanagan Highlands
259:
252:
132:Scientific classification
130:
116:
107:
23:
16:Genus of flowering plants
949:Plants described in 2001
466:of modern times seen in
318:stratigraphic formations
964:Fossil record of plants
840:Journal of Paleontology
372:and north east central
368:sites of East central
288:
584:was published in the
555:Liquidambarpollenites
490:(1935) described the
380:to the northern most
359:Beringian land bridge
279:
994:Tranquille Formation
979:Florissant Formation
621:fruits were born in
496:Dipteronia americana
413:Florissant Formation
390:Tranquille Formation
348:Fort Union Formation
576:The North American
475:Dipteronia sinensis
469:Dipteronia dyeriana
411:of Montana and the
350:of Wyoming and the
999:Chu Chua Formation
619:Dipteronia brownii
592:Bohlenia americana
582:Dipteronia brownii
417:Dipteronia brownii
405:John Day Formation
394:Chu Chua Formation
343:63 to 60
338:Dipteronia brownii
293:Dipteronia brownii
289:
263:Dipteronia brownii
118:Dipteronia brownii
25:Dipteronia brownii
969:Allenby Formation
944:Hippocastanoideae
386:Allenby Formation
345:million years ago
274:
273:
1006:
929:
928:
896:
890:
889:
887:
875:
869:
868:
866:
854:
848:
847:
835:
829:
828:
812:
806:
804:
776:
765:
764:
736:
730:
729:
711:
683:
529:Fushun Formation
428:
409:Ruby Basin Flora
382:Driftwood Shales
370:British Columbia
346:
302:soapberry family
265:
140:
139:
112:
102:
39:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
1003:
984:Horsefly Shales
934:
933:
932:
917:10.2307/2666183
898:
897:
893:
877:
876:
872:
856:
855:
851:
837:
836:
832:
814:
813:
809:
778:
777:
768:
738:
737:
733:
709:10.2307/3558343
685:
684:
661:
657:
616:
485:
423:
398:Horsefly Shales
341:
334:
326:Early Oligocene
316:are known from
300:species in the
284:
270:
267:
261:
248:
245:D. brownii
134:
123:
103:
101:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1012:
1010:
1002:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
974:Coldwater Beds
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
936:
935:
931:
930:
911:(2): 472β522.
891:
870:
864:10.3133/pp154h
849:
830:
807:
766:
731:
702:(7): 1316β25.
658:
656:
653:
615:
612:
484:
481:
333:
330:
304:(Sapindaceae)
272:
271:
268:
257:
256:
250:
249:
242:
240:
236:
235:
228:
224:
223:
218:
214:
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185:
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165:
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159:
152:
151:
146:
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128:
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114:
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105:
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96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
40:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1011:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
939:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
895:
892:
886:
885:10.3133/b1597
881:
874:
871:
865:
860:
853:
850:
845:
841:
834:
831:
826:
822:
818:
811:
808:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
784:
775:
773:
771:
767:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
735:
732:
727:
723:
719:
715:
710:
705:
701:
697:
693:
691:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
660:
654:
652:
649:
645:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
613:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
588:
583:
579:
574:
572:
567:
563:
562:
557:
556:
551:
547:
546:Palynological
543:
539:
534:
530:
526:
521:
519:
518:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
482:
480:
477:
476:
471:
470:
465:
461:
457:
453:
448:
446:
442:
439:southwestern
438:
434:
431:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
362:
360:
356:
353:
349:
344:
339:
331:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:
287:
282:
278:
266:
264:
258:
255:
254:Binomial name
251:
247:
246:
241:
238:
237:
234:
233:
229:
226:
225:
222:
219:
216:
215:
212:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
162:Tracheophytes
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
138:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
106:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
38:
34:
26:
22:
19:
908:
904:
894:
873:
852:
843:
839:
833:
824:
820:
810:
792:
788:
782:
744:
740:
734:
699:
695:
689:
639:primary vein
618:
617:
607:
599:
595:
591:
585:
581:
577:
575:
570:
565:
561:Ephedripites
559:
553:
541:
524:
522:
515:
500:Edward Berry
495:
491:
488:Roland Brown
486:
473:
467:
459:
455:
451:
449:
444:
416:
402:
363:
337:
335:
313:
292:
291:
290:
280:
262:
260:
244:
243:
231:
194:
181:
168:
155:
117:
24:
18:
747:(1): 1β42.
648:reticulated
614:Description
508:Wesley Wehr
283:schizocarp.
221:Sapindaceae
175:Angiosperms
938:Categories
846:: 572β587.
827:(1): 7β17.
783:Dipteronia
690:Dipteronia
655:References
623:schizocarp
608:Dipteronia
600:D. brownii
578:Dipteronia
571:Dipteronia
566:Dipteronia
542:Dipteronia
525:Dipteronia
504:Jack Wolfe
492:Dipteronia
460:D. brownii
456:Dipteronia
445:D. brownii
430:lacustrine
374:Washington
314:D. brownii
308:in 2001.
281:D. brownii
232:Dipteronia
211:Sapindales
821:PaleoBios
795:: 16β23.
627:mericarps
610:fossils.
512:lectotype
447:fossils.
433:mudstones
322:Paleocene
306:described
239:Species:
145:Kingdom:
37:Oligocene
33:Paleocene
867:. 154-H.
761:84266950
726:11454632
644:pericarp
635:perianth
631:pedicels
604:patronym
596:Bohlenia
517:Bohlenia
494:species
421:Rupelian
217:Family:
188:Eudicots
121:mericarp
925:2666183
718:3558343
464:endemic
310:Fossils
298:extinct
227:Genus:
207:Order:
149:Plantae
923:
759:
724:
716:
550:pollen
452:et al.
352:Danian
296:is an
201:Rosids
921:JSTOR
757:S2CID
714:JSTOR
646:is a
602:as a
450:Ding
441:China
195:Clade
182:Clade
169:Clade
156:Clade
722:PMID
558:and
506:and
472:and
396:and
43:Preκ
913:doi
880:doi
859:doi
797:doi
793:249
749:doi
704:doi
435:of
400:.
324:to
312:of
940::
919:.
909:86
907:.
903:.
842:.
825:27
823:.
819:.
791:.
787:.
769:^
755:.
745:47
743:.
720:.
712:.
700:88
698:.
694:.
662:^
425:32
392:,
388:,
328:.
197::
184::
171::
158::
93:Pg
35:β
927:.
915::
888:.
882::
861::
844:9
805:.
803:.
799::
763:.
751::
728:.
706::
688:"
98:N
88:K
83:J
78:T
73:P
68:C
63:D
58:S
53:O
48:κ
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