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On 13 May 2007 a team from the
University of Applied Sciences in Offenburg presented the world's first vehicle powered by a DEFC at Shell's Eco-marathon in France. The car "Schluckspecht" completed a successful test drive on Nogaro Circuit, powered by a DEFC stack giving an output voltage of 20 to 45
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Bio-Ethanol based fuel cells may improve the well-to-wheel balance of this biofuel because of the increased conversion rate of the fuel cell compared to the internal combustion engine. But real world figures may be only achieved in some years since the development of direct methanol and ethanol fuel
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272:. Ethanol is an attractive alternative to methanol because it comes with a supply chain that's already in place. Ethanol also remains the easier fuel to work with for widespread use by consumers.
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fuel cell requires a new catalyst. New nanostructured electrocatalysts (HYPERMEC by ACTA SpA for example) have been developed, which are based on non-noble metals, preferentially mixtures of
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Various prototypes of Direct
Ethanol Fuel Cell Stack mobile phone chargers have been built featuring voltages from 2V to 7V and powers from 800 mW to 2W were built and tested.
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Badwal, S.P.S.; Giddey, S.; Kulkarni, A.; Goel, J.; Basu, S. (May 2015). "Direct ethanol fuel cells for transport and stationary applications – A comprehensive review".
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Badwal, S.P.S.; Giddey, S.; Kulkarni, A.; Goel, J.; Basu, S. (May 2015). "Direct ethanol fuel cells for transport and stationary applications – A comprehensive review".
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emitted into the atmosphere from fuel used to produce the biofuels, and from burning the biofuels themselves. This is in sharp contrast to the use of
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of any fuel requires the use of a catalyst in order to achieve the current densities required for commercially viable fuel cells, and platinum-based
788:. With ethanol, power densities as high as 140 mW/cm at 0.5 V have been obtained at 25 °C with self-breathing cells containing commercial
314:. The use of ethanol would also overcome both the storage and infrastructure challenge of hydrogen for fuel cell applications. In a fuel cell, the
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is fed directly into the cell. They have been used as a model to investigate a range of fuel cell concepts including the use of
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are transported through an external circuit from anode to cathode, providing power to connected devices.
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282:(8.0 kWh/kg) compared to methanol (6.1 kWh/kg). Ethanol can be obtained in great quantity from
370:(H) are transported across the proton exchange membrane to the cathode where they react with
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Platinum-based catalysts are expensive, so practical exploitation of ethanol as fuel for a
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are some of the most efficient materials for the oxidation of small organic molecules.
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Membranes for DEFC -Fraunhofer
Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology
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520:{\displaystyle \mathrm {C_{2}H_{5}OH+3\ H_{2}O\to 12\ H^{+}+12\ e^{-}+2\ CO_{2}} }
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831:. Hydrogen ions travel through the electrolyte. They react at the cathode with
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DEFC-Powered
Charger - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
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from the air and the electrons from the external circuit forming water.
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Offenburg students test world's first ethanol powered fuel cell vehicle
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743:{\displaystyle \mathrm {C_{2}H_{5}OH+3\ O_{2}\to 3\ H_{2}O+2\ CO_{2}} }
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OH) is oxidized at the anode in the presence of water, generating CO
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DEFC uses
Ethanol in the fuel cell instead of the more toxic
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cells is lagging behind hydrogen powered fuel cells.
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87:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1037:"New catalyst boosts hydrogen as transport fuel"
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278:is a hydrogen-rich liquid and it has a high
290:process from renewable resources like from
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807:. The charge is carried by the hydrogen
172:This article includes a list of general
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792:. This catalyst does not contain any
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85:adding citations to reliable sources
959:FCT Fuel Cells: Types of Fuel Cells
334:flowchart of the reaction in a DEFC
1109:Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell
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1252:Unitized regenerative fuel cell
1039:. By Alok Jha. 21 August 2008.
72:needs additional citations for
39:or discuss these issues on the
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878:Alkali anion exchange membrane
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1247:Solid oxide electrolyzer cell
1130:Direct borohydride fuel cell
1217:Membrane electrode assembly
1160:Reformed methanol fuel cell
883:Glossary of fuel cell terms
358:. Water is consumed at the
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1237:Protonic ceramic fuel cell
1207:Electro-galvanic fuel cell
1099:Molten carbonate fuel cell
935:"Direct-ethanol fuel cell"
96:"Direct-ethanol fuel cell"
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1227:Photoelectrochemical cell
1145:Direct methanol fuel cell
1104:Phosphoric acid fuel cell
964:27 September 2006 at the
338:The DEFC, similar to the
242:Direct-ethanol fuel cells
1232:Proton-exchange membrane
1140:Direct-ethanol fuel cell
888:Timeline of alcohol fuel
815:). The liquid ethanol (C
790:anion exchange membranes
1222:Membraneless Fuel Cells
1155:Metal hydride fuel cell
1135:Direct carbon fuel cell
848:V (depending on load).
362:and is produced at the
193:more precise citations.
1242:Regenerative fuel cell
1181:Enzymatic biofuel cell
843:Recent accomplishments
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81:improve this article
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1094:Alkaline fuel cell
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98: –
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1326:Ethanol fuel
1212:Flow battery
1139:
1042:The Guardian
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942:. Retrieved
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288:fermentation
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79:Please help
74:verification
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33:Please help
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1202:Blue energy
805:electrolyte
191:introducing
1321:Fuel cells
1315:Categories
1080:Fuel cells
1014:: 80–103.
944:20 January
915:: 80–103.
894:References
302:, or even
292:sugar cane
286:through a
264:Advantages
174:references
107:newspapers
36:improve it
829:electrons
696:→
634:reduction
600:→
595:−
529:oxidation
490:−
457:→
393:Equation
376:Electrons
344:oxidation
320:catalysts
316:oxidation
252:in which
250:fuel cell
42:talk page
1300:Glossary
1264:Hydrogen
991:Archived
962:Archived
872:See also
803:acts as
535:Cathode
352:catalyst
326:Reaction
270:methanol
1287:Vehicle
1282:Storage
1277:Station
1272:Economy
1123:By fuel
855:Sources
801:polymer
786:cathode
780:at the
368:Protons
364:cathode
348:ethanol
284:biomass
276:Ethanol
254:ethanol
187:improve
121:scholar
1195:Others
833:oxygen
813:proton
760:Issues
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398:Anode
372:oxygen
176:, but
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782:anode
385:are:
360:anode
350:on a
304:straw
296:wheat
246:DEFCs
128:JSTOR
114:books
946:2016
381:The
340:DMFC
300:corn
100:news
1016:doi
1012:145
917:doi
913:145
809:ion
766:PEM
346:of
258:PEM
244:or
83:by
1317::
1010:.
937:.
911:.
799:A
778:Ni
776:,
774:Co
772:,
770:Fe
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565:12
479:12
460:12
366:.
298:,
294:,
260:.
45:.
1072:e
1065:t
1058:v
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919::
825:2
821:5
819:H
817:2
811:(
735:2
731:O
727:C
721:2
718:+
715:O
710:2
706:H
699:3
691:2
687:O
680:3
677:+
674:H
671:O
666:5
662:H
656:2
652:C
619:O
614:2
610:H
603:6
591:e
581:+
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572:H
562:+
557:2
553:O
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512:2
508:O
504:C
498:2
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476:+
471:+
467:H
454:O
449:2
445:H
438:3
435:+
432:H
429:O
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420:H
414:2
410:C
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125:·
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48:(
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