51:
461:
401:
366:
439:
These differences show that agonists have unique mechanisms of action depending on the receptor activated and the response needed. The goal and process remains generally consistent however, with the primary mechanism of action requiring the binding of the agonist and the subsequent changes in
345:
As mentioned above, agonists have the potential to bind in different locations and in different ways depending on the type of agonist and the type of receptor. The process of binding is unique to the receptor-agonist relationship, but binding induces a conformational change and activates the
532:. In general, the narrower this margin, the more likely it is that the drug will produce unwanted effects. The therapeutic index emphasizes the importance of the margin of safety, as distinct from the potency, in determining the usefulness of a drug.
692:
DeWire SM, Yamashita DS, Rominger DH, Liu G, Cowan CL, Graczyk TM, et al. (March 2013). "A G protein-biased ligand at the μ-opioid receptor is potently analgesic with reduced gastrointestinal and respiratory dysfunction compared with morphine".
509:
When a drug is used therapeutically, it is important to understand the margin of safety that exists between the dose needed for the desired effect and the dose that produces unwanted and possibly dangerous side-effects (measured by the
428:, in this case calcium. An aspect demonstrated by the NMDA receptor is that the mechanism or response of agonists can be blocked by a variety of chemical and biological factors. NMDA receptors specifically are blocked by a
412:
is an example of an alternate mechanism of action, as the NMDA receptor requires co-agonists for activation. Rather than simply requiring a single specific agonist, the NMDA receptor requires both the
393:
causes the conformational changes that propagate a signal into the cell. The conformational changes are the primary effect of the agonist, and are related to the agonist's binding affinity and agonist
197:. However, a drug can act as a full agonist in some tissues and as a partial agonist in other tissues, depending upon the relative numbers of receptors and differences in receptor coupling.
397:. Other agonists that bind to this receptor will fall under one of the different categories of agonist mentioned above based on their specific binding affinity and efficacy.
489:
can be measured for a given agonist by determining the concentration of agonist needed to elicit half of the maximum biological response of the agonist. The EC
169:
bind to and activate a receptor with the maximum response that an agonist can elicit at the receptor. One example of a drug that can act as a full agonist is
147:
for a particular receptor is a compound naturally produced by the body that binds to and activates that receptor. For example, the endogenous agonist for
276:
is an agent that binds to the same receptor binding-site as an agonist for that receptor and inhibits the constitutive activity of the receptor.
1179:
501:
value, the greater the potency of the agonist, the lower the concentration of drug that is required to elicit the maximum biological response.
1271:
1236:
478:
136:
317:
is a μ-opioid receptor agonist that has been described to be functionally selective towards G protein and away from β-arrestin2 pathways.
1965:
604:
551:
374:
355:
616:
De Mey JGR, Compeer MG, Meens MJ (2009). "Endothelin-1, an
Endogenous Irreversible Agonist in Search of an Allosteric Inhibitor".
1955:
424:. These co-agonists are both required to induce the conformational change needed for the NMDA receptor to allow flow through the
1895:
1388:
1423:
1950:
1646:
1557:
280:
exert the opposite pharmacological effect of a receptor agonist, not merely an absence of the agonist effect as seen with an
440:
conformation to cause the desired response at the receptor. This response as discussed above can vary from allowing flow of
269:
dependence for this reason, as they produce milder effects on the opioid receptor with lower dependence and abuse potential.
1875:
1500:
526:
329:
antagonists at the same receptor, depending on effector pathways or tissue type. Terms that describe this phenomenon are "
2015:
1995:
1428:
334:
1618:
2010:
1353:
1172:
445:
378:
299:
for the target receptor. It might be argued that the endogenous agonist is simply a partial agonist in that tissue.
2000:
1865:
1613:
1607:
1930:
1632:
571:
417:
32:
1681:
1443:
1438:
1348:
1266:
112:
63:
1817:
1578:
1553:
1488:
1377:
1261:
749:
556:
474:
330:
310:
194:
90:
1925:
1717:
1519:
1196:
1165:
541:
322:
295:
is a term used by some to identify a compound that is capable of producing a greater response than the
1960:
1822:
1732:
1573:
1453:
1221:
1008:
648:
303:
190:
795:
Urban JD, Clarke WP, von
Zastrow M, Nichols DE, Kobilka B, Weinstein H, et al. (January 2007).
754:
2005:
1870:
1758:
1727:
1373:
1333:
1256:
576:
546:
281:
178:
74:
885:"Coregulator function: a key to understanding tissue specificity of selective receptor modulators"
306:
is a type of agonist that binds permanently to a receptor through the formation of covalent bonds.
1840:
1790:
1691:
1504:
1483:
1383:
1304:
1216:
824:
777:
718:
561:
413:
382:
296:
258:
217:
144:
54:
Dose response curves of a full agonist, partial agonist, neutral antagonist, and inverse agonist
1835:
1696:
1686:
1514:
1508:
1343:
1144:
1092:
1034:
966:
906:
865:
816:
769:
710:
674:
600:
519:
515:
156:
139:
is a substance that creates the same bodily responses but does not bind to the same receptor.
313:
is an agent that binds to a receptor without affecting the same signal transduction pathway.
1880:
1768:
1763:
1563:
1533:
1319:
1299:
1281:
1134:
1126:
1082:
1074:
1024:
1016:
956:
948:
896:
855:
808:
759:
702:
664:
656:
390:
261:
at the receptor relative to a full agonist, even at maximal receptor occupancy. Agents like
124:
1920:
1795:
1623:
1583:
1568:
1276:
1226:
581:
566:
351:
277:
273:
238:
78:
635:
Rosenbaum DM, Zhang C, Lyons JA, Holl R, Aragao D, Arlow DH, et al. (January 2011).
599:
Goodman and Gilman's Manual of
Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (11th edition, 2008). p14.
1012:
652:
514:, the dose that produces toxicity in 50% of individuals). This relationship, termed the
1910:
1890:
1809:
1651:
1393:
1338:
1139:
1115:"Agonist binding, agonist affinity and agonist efficacy at G protein-coupled receptors"
1114:
1087:
1062:
1029:
996:
961:
936:
844:"A New Molecular Mechanism To Engineer Protean Agonism at a G Protein-Coupled Receptor"
669:
636:
449:
433:
347:
321:
New findings that broaden the conventional definition of pharmacology demonstrate that
73:
whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an
67:
1061:
Zhu S, Stein RA, Yoshioka C, Lee CH, Goehring A, Mchaourab HS, Gouaux E (April 2016).
1989:
1915:
1402:
1309:
409:
386:
359:
262:
250:
205:
170:
148:
842:
De Min A, Matera C, Bock A, Holze J, Kloeckner J, Muth M, et al. (April 2017).
781:
1885:
1845:
1746:
1670:
1548:
1231:
1188:
722:
292:
246:
221:
828:
738:"Inverse, protean, and ligand-selective agonism: matters of receptor conformation"
1970:
1457:
1433:
995:
Kruse AC, Ring AM, Manglik A, Hu J, Hu K, Eitel K, et al. (December 2013).
460:
425:
400:
314:
174:
50:
39:
1078:
1850:
1782:
1674:
1449:
796:
354:
when the agonist is bound. Two examples that demonstrate this process are the
285:
132:
116:
43:
17:
997:"Activation and allosteric modulation of a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor"
637:"Structure and function of an irreversible agonist-β(2) adrenoceptor complex"
346:
receptor. This conformational change is often the result of small changes in
1628:
812:
797:"Functional selectivity and classical concepts of quantitative pharmacology"
706:
429:
254:
242:
232:
209:
186:
152:
128:
1148:
1130:
1096:
1038:
970:
952:
910:
869:
860:
843:
820:
773:
714:
678:
764:
737:
473:
Potency is the amount of agonist needed to elicit a desired response. The
365:
1750:
1722:
1709:
1478:
1398:
901:
884:
494:
394:
182:
160:
70:
1020:
660:
421:
213:
120:
369:
Simplified depiction of the mechanism of an agonist binding to a GPCR.
266:
204:
works with other co-agonists to produce the desired effect together.
459:
399:
364:
257:) also bind and activate a given receptor, but have only partial
1603:
1496:
1492:
1294:
493:
value is useful for comparing the potency of drugs with similar
1161:
1157:
497:
producing physiologically similar effects. The smaller the EC
441:
27:
Chemical which binds to and activates a biochemical receptor
404:
Simplified depiction of co-agonists activating a receptor.
801:
The
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
695:
The
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
1063:"Mechanism of NMDA Receptor Inhibition and Activation"
1943:
1903:
1859:
1808:
1781:
1745:
1708:
1669:
1660:
1596:
1541:
1532:
1471:
1416:
1365:
1327:
1318:
1249:
1204:
1195:
231:is selective for a specific type of receptor. E.g.
81:causes an action opposite to that of the agonist.
100:(agōn), contest, combat; exertion, struggle <
38:For a primary fictional character in a work, see
284:. An example is the cannabinoid inverse agonist
66:to produce a biological response. Receptors are
96:(agōnistēs), contestant; champion; rival <
31:For other uses of "Agonist" or "Agonism", see
1173:
8:
235:is a selective agonist for serotonin 5-HT1A.
104:(agō), I lead, lead towards, conduct; drive
77:blocks the action of the agonist, while an
1940:
1900:
1805:
1778:
1742:
1705:
1666:
1593:
1538:
1468:
1413:
1362:
1324:
1246:
1201:
1180:
1166:
1158:
477:of an agonist is inversely related to its
1138:
1086:
1028:
960:
900:
859:
763:
753:
668:
432:ion unless the cell is also experiencing
135:), resulting in a biological response. A
208:activation requires the binding of both
49:
883:Smith CL, O'Malley BW (February 2004).
592:
464:Efficacy spectrum of receptor ligands.
1108:
1106:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
7:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
479:half maximal effective concentration
220:can also act as a co-agonist at the
448:and transmitting a signal into the
325:can concurrently behave as agonist
1966:Minimum bactericidal concentration
25:
552:Excitatory postsynaptic potential
375:muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
356:muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
155:, and the endogenous agonist for
1956:Minimum inhibitory concentration
937:"Agonist-activated ion channels"
1896:WHO list of essential medicines
1389:Non-specific effect of vaccines
1119:British Journal of Pharmacology
941:British Journal of Pharmacology
362:and their respective agonists.
62:is a chemical that activates a
1951:Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics
185:, which mimics the actions of
1:
1876:Functional analog (chemistry)
335:selective receptor modulators
173:, which mimics the action of
1429:Hill equation (biochemistry)
935:Colquhoun D (January 2006).
115:can be activated by either
2032:
1944:Antimicrobial pharmacology
1424:Dose–response relationship
1354:Desensitization (medicine)
1079:10.1016/j.cell.2016.03.028
518:, is defined as the ratio
379:G protein-coupled receptor
216:and D-serine co-agonists.
29:
1866:Coinduction (anesthetics)
1113:Strange PG (April 2008).
333:", "protean agonism", or
1931:Multiple drug resistance
1904:Tolerance and resistance
1272:Physiological antagonist
736:Kenakin T (March 2001).
572:Mixed agonist/antagonist
33:Agonist (disambiguation)
1682:Neuropsychopharmacology
1444:Cheng-Prussoff Equation
1439:Del Castillo Katz model
1366:Other effects of ligand
1349:Receptor (biochemistry)
1267:Irreversible antagonist
813:10.1124/jpet.106.104463
707:10.1124/jpet.112.201616
1818:Classical pharmacology
1579:Plasma protein binding
1554:Volume of distribution
1262:Competitive antagonist
1131:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707672
953:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706502
861:10.1124/mol.116.107276
848:Molecular Pharmacology
557:Functional selectivity
465:
405:
389:. The binding of this
370:
331:functional selectivity
195:central nervous system
55:
1926:Antibiotic resistance
1718:Clinical pharmacology
1237:Physiological agonist
1197:Ligand (biochemistry)
765:10.1096/fj.00-0438rev
463:
403:
368:
181:. Another example is
137:physiological agonist
53:
1823:Reverse pharmacology
1733:Pharmacoepidemiology
1574:Biological half-life
1454:Ligand binding assay
1328:Activity at receptor
1222:Irreversible agonist
902:10.1210/er.2003-0023
542:Allosteric modulator
418:N-methyl-D-aspartate
304:irreversible agonist
2016:Medicinal chemistry
1996:Medical terminology
1871:Combination therapy
1759:Pharmacoinformatics
1728:Medicinal chemistry
1334:Mechanism of action
1021:10.1038/nature12735
1013:2013Natur.504..101K
661:10.1038/nature09665
653:2011Natur.469..236R
577:Receptor antagonist
547:Dose response curve
414:endogenous agonists
341:Mechanism of action
149:serotonin receptors
1841:Immunopharmacology
1791:Pharmacotoxicology
1692:Psychopharmacology
1484:Intrinsic activity
1384:Pleiotropy (drugs)
1305:Agonist-antagonist
1217:Endogenous agonist
618:Mol Cell Pharmacol
562:Intrinsic activity
466:
406:
383:endogenous agonist
371:
297:endogenous agonist
265:are used to treat
191:μ-opioid receptors
157:dopamine receptors
145:endogenous agonist
131:agonists (such as
119:agonists (such as
56:
2011:Receptor agonists
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1939:
1938:
1836:Photopharmacology
1831:
1830:
1804:
1803:
1777:
1776:
1741:
1740:
1704:
1703:
1697:Electrophysiology
1687:Neuropharmacology
1642:
1641:
1592:
1591:
1528:
1527:
1515:Therapeutic index
1467:
1466:
1412:
1411:
1361:
1360:
1290:
1289:
1245:
1244:
1007:(7478): 101–106.
889:Endocrine Reviews
647:(7329): 236–240.
516:therapeutic index
505:Therapeutic index
229:selective agonist
179:β adrenoreceptors
125:neurotransmitters
108:Types of agonists
16:(Redirected from
2023:
2001:Pharmacodynamics
1941:
1901:
1881:Polypharmacology
1806:
1779:
1769:Pharmacogenomics
1764:Pharmacogenetics
1743:
1706:
1667:
1594:
1564:Rate of infusion
1539:
1534:Pharmacokinetics
1469:
1414:
1363:
1325:
1320:Pharmacodynamics
1300:Neurotransmitter
1282:Enzyme inhibitor
1247:
1202:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1142:
1125:(7): 1353–1363.
1110:
1101:
1100:
1090:
1058:
1043:
1042:
1032:
992:
975:
974:
964:
932:
915:
914:
904:
880:
874:
873:
863:
839:
833:
832:
792:
786:
785:
767:
757:
733:
727:
726:
689:
683:
682:
672:
632:
626:
625:
613:
607:
597:
444:to activating a
391:neurotransmitter
278:Inverse agonists
239:Partial agonists
47:
36:
21:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2020:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1975:
1935:
1921:Drug resistance
1899:
1855:
1827:
1800:
1796:Neurotoxicology
1773:
1737:
1700:
1662:
1656:
1638:
1588:
1584:Bioavailability
1569:Onset of action
1524:
1463:
1408:
1357:
1314:
1286:
1277:Inverse agonist
1241:
1227:Partial agonist
1191:
1186:
1156:
1112:
1111:
1104:
1060:
1059:
1046:
994:
993:
978:
947:(S1): S17–S26.
934:
933:
918:
882:
881:
877:
841:
840:
836:
794:
793:
789:
755:10.1.1.334.8525
735:
734:
730:
691:
690:
686:
634:
633:
629:
615:
614:
610:
598:
594:
590:
582:Receptor theory
567:Inverse agonist
538:
530:
523:
513:
507:
500:
492:
488:
485:) value. The EC
484:
471:
458:
352:protein folding
343:
274:inverse agonist
193:throughout the
110:
87:
79:inverse agonist
48:
37:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2029:
2027:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1961:Bacteriostatic
1958:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1911:Drug tolerance
1907:
1905:
1898:
1893:
1891:Lists of drugs
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1810:Drug discovery
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1755:
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1730:
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1720:
1714:
1712:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1652:Bioequivalence
1649:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1600:
1598:
1590:
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1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1396:
1394:Adverse effect
1391:
1386:
1381:
1369:
1367:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1339:Mode of action
1336:
1331:
1329:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1162:
1155:
1154:
1102:
1073:(3): 704–714.
1044:
976:
916:
875:
854:(4): 348–356.
834:
787:
748:(3): 598–611.
728:
701:(3): 708–717.
684:
627:
608:
591:
589:
586:
585:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
537:
534:
528:
521:
511:
506:
503:
498:
490:
486:
482:
470:
467:
457:
454:
434:depolarization
350:or changes in
342:
339:
319:
318:
311:biased agonist
307:
300:
289:
270:
236:
225:
198:
164:
109:
106:
86:
83:
26:
24:
18:Direct agonist
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2028:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1916:Tachyphylaxis
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1847:
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1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1797:
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1734:
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1707:
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1676:
1672:
1668:
1665:
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1634:
1630:
1627:
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1622:
1620:
1617:
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1609:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1487:
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1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1404:
1403:Neurotoxicity
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1372:Selectivity (
1371:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1310:Pharmacophore
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
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1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
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1248:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
977:
972:
968:
963:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
917:
912:
908:
903:
898:
894:
890:
886:
879:
876:
871:
867:
862:
857:
853:
849:
845:
838:
835:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
791:
788:
783:
779:
775:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
747:
743:
742:FASEB Journal
739:
732:
729:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
688:
685:
680:
676:
671:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
631:
628:
624:(5): 246–257.
623:
619:
612:
609:
606:
605:0-07-144343-6
602:
596:
593:
587:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
539:
535:
533:
531:
524:
517:
504:
502:
496:
480:
476:
468:
462:
455:
453:
451:
447:
443:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
410:NMDA receptor
402:
398:
396:
392:
388:
387:acetylcholine
384:
380:
377:, which is a
376:
367:
363:
361:
360:NMDA receptor
357:
353:
349:
340:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
316:
312:
308:
305:
301:
298:
294:
290:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
268:
264:
263:buprenorphine
260:
256:
252:
251:buprenorphine
248:
244:
240:
237:
234:
230:
226:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
206:NMDA receptor
203:
199:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
171:isoproterenol
168:
167:Full agonists
165:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
141:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
107:
105:
103:
99:
95:
92:
84:
82:
80:
76:
72:
69:
65:
61:
52:
45:
41:
34:
19:
1886:Chemotherapy
1846:Cell biology
1747:Biochemistry
1671:Neuroscience
1619:Distribution
1549:Loading dose
1232:Superagonist
1211:
1189:Pharmacology
1122:
1118:
1070:
1066:
1004:
1000:
944:
940:
895:(1): 45–71.
892:
888:
878:
851:
847:
837:
804:
800:
790:
745:
741:
731:
698:
694:
687:
644:
640:
630:
621:
617:
611:
595:
508:
472:
438:
407:
381:(GPCR), the
372:
344:
326:
320:
293:superagonist
255:norclozapine
247:aripiprazole
228:
222:IP3 receptor
201:
166:
111:
101:
97:
93:
88:
59:
57:
1971:Bactericide
1647:Compartment
1458:Patch clamp
1434:Schild plot
807:(1): 1–13.
426:ion channel
420:(NMDA) and
315:Oliceridine
40:Protagonist
2006:Physiology
1990:Categories
1851:Physiology
1783:Toxicology
1675:psychology
1624:Metabolism
1614:Absorption
1608:Liberation
1450:Organ bath
1378:Functional
1257:Antagonist
1250:Inhibitory
1205:Excitatory
588:References
495:efficacies
286:rimonabant
282:antagonist
202:co-agonist
187:endorphins
175:adrenaline
117:endogenous
75:antagonist
44:Antagonist
1633:Clearance
1629:Excretion
1448:Methods (
750:CiteSeerX
430:magnesium
243:buspirone
241:(such as
233:buspirone
210:glutamate
153:serotonin
129:exogenous
113:Receptors
94:αγωνιστής
89:From the
85:Etymology
1751:genetics
1723:Pharmacy
1710:Medicine
1520:Affinity
1479:Efficacy
1417:Analysis
1399:Toxicity
1149:18223670
1097:27062927
1039:24256733
971:16402101
911:14769827
870:28167741
821:16803859
782:18260817
774:11259378
715:23300227
679:21228876
536:See also
456:Activity
395:efficacy
373:For the
259:efficacy
183:morphine
161:dopamine
121:hormones
71:proteins
68:cellular
64:receptor
1661:Related
1604:(L)ADME
1558:Initial
1542:Metrics
1489:Potency
1472:Metrics
1374:Binding
1344:Binding
1212:Agonist
1140:2437915
1088:4914038
1030:4020789
1009:Bibcode
962:1760748
723:8785003
670:3074335
649:Bibcode
475:potency
469:Potency
422:glycine
323:ligands
218:Calcium
214:glycine
60:agonist
1663:fields
1147:
1137:
1095:
1085:
1037:
1027:
1001:Nature
969:
959:
909:
868:
829:447937
827:
819:
780:
772:
752:
721:
713:
677:
667:
641:Nature
603:
348:charge
267:opiate
1860:Other
1597:LADME
825:S2CID
778:S2CID
719:S2CID
253:, or
133:drugs
127:) or
91:Greek
1749:and
1673:and
1509:TD50
1505:LD50
1501:ED50
1497:IC50
1493:EC50
1295:Drug
1145:PMID
1093:PMID
1067:Cell
1035:PMID
967:PMID
907:PMID
866:PMID
817:PMID
770:PMID
711:PMID
675:PMID
601:ISBN
450:cell
446:GPCR
442:ions
408:The
358:and
123:and
98:αγων
42:and
1606:: (
1135:PMC
1127:doi
1123:153
1083:PMC
1075:doi
1071:165
1025:PMC
1017:doi
1005:504
957:PMC
949:doi
945:147
897:doi
856:doi
809:doi
805:320
760:doi
703:doi
699:344
665:PMC
657:doi
645:469
481:(EC
385:is
327:and
302:An
272:An
189:at
177:at
159:is
151:is
143:An
102:αγω
58:An
1992::
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1047:^
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744:.
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520:TD
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491:50
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436:.
416:,
337:.
309:A
291:A
249:,
245:,
227:A
212:,
200:A
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1011::
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831:.
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784:.
762::
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681:.
659::
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224:.
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46:.
35:.
20:)
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