616:. The speaker does not necessarily have to have been an original participant in the story or event. Therefore, they can quote something that they did not hear firsthand. Quotations are also used to express thoughts that have never been uttered aloud prior to being quoted. For example, while telling a story, a speaker quotes inner thoughts that they had during a specific situation. Finally, speakers use quotations to propose future dialogue for participants in a situation that may take place in the future. For example, two friends talk about their 10-year high school reunion that will take place in the future and propose what they would say. While future dialogue can be proposed for a situation that will likely happen, it can also be based on a situation that will not actually take place. In the latter usage, the proposed dialogue only exists in the conversational context.
1925:, Annie pulled the trigger." The interlocutor then knows the source of the quotation is from elsewhere, but this is not a quotative reading as there is no direct performative quoting or verbs of saying. Languages including Cusco Quechua, Kham, Tagalog, and Kaalallisut are documented as containing quotative evidentials. In languages with "true" quotative evidentials (which usually introduce quoted statements), it is also possible for them to occur with interrogatives and imperatives, yielding quoted interrogatives and quoted imperatives. Similar to quotative particles, quotative evidentials are usually
2011:
1632:
199:, to make the user of the quotation seem well-read, and/or to comply with copyright law. Quotations are also commonly printed as a means of inspiration and to invoke philosophical thoughts from the reader. Pragmatically speaking, quotations can also be used as language games (in the Wittgensteinian sense of the term) to manipulate social order and the structure of society.
89:(« ») in some languages. The cited speaker either is mentioned in the tag (or attribution) or is implied. Direct speech is often used as a literary device to represent someone's point of view. Quotations are also widely used in spoken language when an interlocutor wishes to present a proposition that they have come to know via hearsay.
620:
it, and the current speaker’s feelings about what was said. In this way, quotations are an especially effective storytelling device; the speaker is able to give a voice to the protagonists in their stories themselves, which allows the speaker’s audience to experience the situation in the way that the speaker themselves experienced it.
1943:. An example scenario is as follows: X saw John go fishing. Mary then and asks X where John went. X replies "u-sú u-piniatika" (he went fishing). Later, Peter asks Mary where John went. She replies to Peter that she did not see John go herself, but rather heard it from a different source using the evidential marker "u-sú u-piniatika
603:
perspective, a direct quotation in spoken discourse can therefore also be defined as "a performance whereby speakers re-enact previous behaviour (speech/thought/sound/voice effect and gesture) while assuming the dramatic role of the original source of this reported behaviour". Indirect quotations are
619:
The quoted material is usually not a verbatim replication of an utterance that someone originally said. Instead, quotations in spoken discourse reproduce what a speaker wishes to communicate to their recipients; quotations demonstrate something that someone said, the manner in which that person said
579:
Traditionally, quotations—more specifically known as direct quotations—have been distinguished from indirect quotations. Direct quotations differ from indirect quotations in that they are reported from the perspective of the experiencer, while indirect quotations are reported from the perspective of
2404:
gives only its content. ... Some writers omit the 'reported' and simply talk of 'direct speech' and 'indirect speech', while others restrict the term 'reported speech' to the indirect type; we believe, however, that it is useful to have a term for covering both. Further alternative terms for direct
1384:
Different versions of quotative verbs, particles, and evidentials can be used to express the same idea with varying nuances, often to frame how the primary speaker, or the person who is quoting, feels about a quotation. The syntax of quotations varies cross-linguistically. A primary speaker may use
241:
are considered among the most reliable and comprehensive sources. Diaries and calendars often include quotations for entertainment or inspirational purposes, and small, dedicated sections in newspapers and weekly magazines—with recent quotations by leading personalities on current topics—have also
49:
is the repetition of a sentence, phrase, or passage from speech or text that someone has said or written. In oral speech, it is the representation of an utterance (i.e. of something that a speaker actually said) that is introduced by a quotative marker, such as a verb of saying. For example: John
194:
Quotations are used for a variety of reasons: to illuminate the meaning or to support the arguments of the work in which it is being quoted, to provide direct information about the work being quoted (whether in order to discuss it, positively or negatively), to pay homage to the original work or
1920:
Quotative or hearsay evidentials provide knowledge of who or where information originated from in speech based on logical assumption. Languages indicate this in various ways: through grammatical marking, additional words and phrases, prosody, gestures, or systematic affixes of verbs. Quotative
1524:
580:
the reporting speaker (e.g. "He said: 'I am leaving now'" versus "He said (that) he was leaving immediately"); are free in their syntactic form, while indirect quotations are subject to language-specific structural requirements (e.g. indirect quotations in many
1385:
the tense and linguistic idiosyncrasies of the speech at the time it was uttered in a quotation, independent from the tense in the main clause in some languages, or use the same tense in both the main clause and quotation in other languages. They will also use
815:
Verbs of saying (known as quotative verbs when used to introduce quotations) and quotative particles are used as quotative markers, which signal quotations in utterances. Quotative evidentials are also used in some languages to indicate quoted speech (e.g.
592:); incorporate extralinguistic material and pragmatic markers, while indirect quotations do not. Crucially, direct quotations have a performative aspect (i.e. occur simultaneously with re-enactments of previous behaviours), which indirect quotations lack.
1405:..." In many languages, the primary speaker may also attempt to quote an utterance in the same language the original speaker used, even if an interlocutor does not understand it; however, it is mainly context-dependent such as when telling stories.
2666:
162:
A crucial semantic distinction between direct and indirect speech is that direct speech purports to report the exact words that were said or written, whereas indirect speech is a representation of speech in one's own words.
599:
reproductions of an utterance that has been produced. Instead, direct quotations convey the approximative meaning of such an utterance along with the way in which that utterance was produced. From a
836:
Quotative markers are used to mark a section of an utterance as quoted speech (i.e. a quotation). In oral speech, quotative markers act as quotation marks and often include a verb of saying (e.g.
1549:
has a similar structure to
Standard American English in that it has a null demonstrative that precedes the quotation. It differs from the English structures in that it uses an overt quantifier
266:
Many quotations are routinely incorrect or attributed to the wrong authors, and quotations from obscure or unknown writers are often attributed to far more famous writers. Examples of this are
54:
in addition to quotative markers. In written text, quotations are signaled by quotation marks. Quotations are also used to present well-known statement parts that are explicitly attributed by
1620:
to different extremes from their previously lexical form. Common patterns of grammaticalization trajectories include verb to complementizer in many
African and Asian languages and verb to
1474:
after a quotative verb to indicate indirect quotation, but it is also seen to prompt direct quotation in some
English varieties like Indian English, Hong Kong English, and Kenyan English.
120:
is conveyed directly and indirectly, respectively. Thus, "What time is it?" is a direct speech act that might also be expressed by the indirect speech act "Do you know what time it is?"
1416:
Quotations can be introduced as the complement to a quotative verb or as the head phrase to an adjunct phrase containing a quotative verb in some languages like
English and French.
381:
Quotative inversion occurs in sentences where the direct quotation can occur before a verb of saying or after a verb of saying. It can trigger inversion of the verb and the verb's
385:. Subject-verb inversion occurs most often in written works, being rare in speech. Quotations may appear before the inverted verb, but can also appear after the subject, such as:
3521:
440:
are not permitted in addition to the subject when inversion takes place. They are allowed only when there is no subject-verb inversion, or when part of a preposition phrase.
3455:
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y (2014). The grammar of knowledge: a cross-linguistic view of evidentials, and the expression of information source. Oxford
University Press. p.4-5.
2474:
Capone, A., & Salmani
Nodoushan, M. A. (2014). On indirect reports and language games: Evidence from Persian. Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio, 8(2), 26-42.
277:
Some quotations commonly believed to be quotations from literature, film, etc. do not actually appear in the source material, but are paraphrases of phrases that do. The
1463:(V2) order vestige only in quotation contexts (quotative inversion), requiring the finite verb to appear in the second position of a clause. For example: "No no no"
166:
The distinction between indirect speech and free indirect speech is mostly one of style, hence free indirect speech is sometimes described as a free indirect style.
612:
Quotations are employed in spoken discourse for many reasons. They are often used by speakers to depict stories and events that have occurred in the past to other
2483:
Salmani
Nodoushan, M. A. (2015). The secret life of slurs from the perspective of reported speech. Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio, 9(2), 92-112.
492:
This however, is not the case in all languages. For example, in
Peninsular Spanish, this inversion is not allowed. Quotatives must follow verb-subject order:
4358:
640:
in addition to the verb of saying that functions as verbal quotation marks. For example, Japanese uses the quotative particle (a type of quotative marker)
1651:
to be either a quotative particle or complementizer meaning "I heard (quote)" with less uncertainty and often more knowledge of the origin of the quote.
323:
4326:
3789:
3514:
369:
3803:
3369:"Developing sensitivity to the sources of information: Early use of the Japanese quotative particles tte and to in mother–child conversation"
3087:
2358:
4287:
174:
A quotation can also refer to the repeated use of units of any other form of expression, especially parts of artistic works: elements of a
1196:
is used for non-self quotation (i.e. quotation in which the speaker quotes someone else, not themself); it is used with a quotative verb
3795:
215:
3507:
3212:
1545:, which is null in most English varieties, but can be optionally overt in some varieties like Glasgow English. Dutch's quotative verb
559:
When "" is added, it means that errors are present in the original text. For example, "Domestic cats are valued by hoomans [
3811:
3460:
2901:
2857:
2433:
2390:
2289:
2192:
317:
124:
He laid down his bundle and thought of his misfortune. "And just what pleasure have I found since I came into this world?" he asked.
2252:
Both direct speech and indirect speech purport to report the speech or thoughts of an original speaker. Some writers use the terms
416:. Subjects must precede the complement, otherwise the structure formed will be ungrammatical (e.g. *"They'll never make it!" cried
209:
3481:
143:
He laid down his bundle and thought of his misfortune. He asked himself what pleasure he had found since he came into the world.
207:
Famous quotations are frequently collected in books that are sometimes called quotation dictionaries or treasuries. Of these,
1365:. The interpretation in which they share identical indices is ill-formed (i.e. ungrammatical), as indicated by the asterisk.
908:
English). Though not semantically considered verbs of saying, they are used to convey the same meaning as such verbs. Like
4133:
3846:
3589:
2568:
although the last of these is spoken by one of the
Mexican Bandits that Hedley Lamarr attempts to hire as mercenaries in
1837:
Verbs of saying are highly restricted in
Australian languages and almost always immediately proceed the complement verb.
158:
He laid down his bundle and thought of his misfortune. And just what pleasure had he found since he came into this world?
4504:
3767:
404:
of a quotative verb (e.g. Marie said: "My brother has arrived"), and the second being as a head clause with a quotative
2217:
1921:
readings of evidentials are typologically rare. For example, English can express evidentials with an optional adverb, "
1470:
Direct and indirect quotations are sometimes not distinguishable. Traditionally, English uses an overt complementizer
229:
70:
545:
are used to indicate an addition or a modification from the original quote. Various uses of brackets in quotes are:
4351:
2565:
2010:
613:
39:
81:
is spoken or written text that reports speech or thought in its original form phrased by the original speaker. In
4406:
3934:
350:
222:
1631:
4411:
4123:
3700:
3567:
401:
3023:
2527:
1413:
Quotative verbs are lexical verbs that indicate the speech, thoughts, or perceptions of the original speaker.
840:). A quotative marker usually appears either before or after the reported speech or thought, depending on the
286:
2711:
Suñer, Margarita (August 2000). "The Syntax of Direct Quotes with Special Reference to Spanish and English".
4365:
4144:
645:
581:
354:
261:
4436:
4416:
3368:
2921:
328:
1612:
Quotative or hearsay particles are grammatical markers equivalent to full lexical verbs with meanings of
4463:
4431:
4028:
1369:
889:
433:
51:
3246:
4138:
3929:
636:. For example, a quotation in English can be introduced by "She said". In some languages, there is a
236:
149:
3078:
Ahrenholz, Bernt; Bredel, Ursula; Klein, Wolfgang; Rost-Roth, Martina; Skiba, Romuald, eds. (2008).
4499:
4473:
4426:
4421:
4401:
4162:
4023:
3851:
3762:
3557:
3530:
3159:"She say, She go, She be like: Verbs of Quotation over Time in African American Vernacular English"
2667:"Parenthetical reporting clauses in the history of English: the development of quotative inversion"
183:
117:
2531:
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3186:
2825:
2817:
2720:
2686:
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1842:
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tends to be used in more formal contexts (e.g. office hours between professors and students) and
282:
2781:
3105:""All us girls were like euuh!": Conversational work of be like in New Zealand adolescent talk"
2313:
400:
In syntactic terms, these direct quotations can be presented in two forms. The first is as the
30:
This article is about quoting text and speech. For information about the punctuation mark, see
4381:
4010:
3836:
3679:
3634:
3609:
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3083:
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2417:
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can be further expanded to include a complement, such as: "They'll never make it!" cried John
405:
382:
345:
340:
267:
251:
888:. They are observed in the speech of young people not only in American English, but in other
4509:
4099:
4084:
4049:
3757:
3730:
3705:
3664:
3654:
3604:
3418:
3380:
3317:
3266:
3258:
3227:
Evans, Nicholas (2012). "Some problems in the typology of quotation: a canonical approach".
3170:
2982:
2933:
2809:
2761:
2751:
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2647:
2599:
2342:
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2018:
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markers primarily in African languages, but also in Australian languages and multiple other
637:
600:
589:
304:
299:
3322:
3305:
2638:
Bruening, Benjamin (15 April 2016). "Alignment in Syntax: Quotative Inversion in English".
2449:
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4251:
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4079:
4018:
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2421:
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2182:
1625:
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585:
364:
312:
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134:
35:
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tends to occur in more informal contexts (e.g. a conversation between two young people).
2510:
4300:
3893:
3861:
3772:
3629:
3599:
3594:
2227:
2222:
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verbally to mean "I heard (quote)" with some uncertainty. In sentence-medial position,
1596:
1587:
1554:
821:
629:
421:
63:
31:
3262:
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4074:
3919:
3871:
3674:
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3579:
3473:
3438:
Chojnicka, Joanna. "Latvian verbs of speaking and their relations to evidentiality".
3190:
3104:
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2611:
2343:
2081:
1936:
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885:
825:
817:
3341:
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3841:
3715:
3710:
3619:
3574:
2405:
and indirect reported speech are 'oratio recta' and 'oratio obliqua', respectively.
2207:
977:
occurs as a verb of quotation, introducing both direct and indirect quotes, as in:
285:" did not appear in that form in the original series. Other misquotations include "
3135:
3384:
2937:
2800:
Clark, Herbert; Gerrig, Richard (December 1990). "Quotations as Demonstrations".
50:
said: "I saw Mary today". Quotations in oral speech are also signaled by special
4458:
4246:
4196:
4179:
4044:
4000:
3856:
3669:
1460:
1386:
437:
425:
409:
359:
332:
271:
59:
2535:
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pronouns to the direct quotation's first-person subject in the main clause: She
595:
Both direct and indirect quotations in spoken discourse are not intended to be
4277:
4201:
3990:
3924:
3562:
2682:
2603:
2559:
2169:
294:
3182:
17:
4226:
4174:
4054:
3883:
3684:
3639:
3624:
3614:
3499:
3174:
2987:
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2109:
2051:
1980:
1932:
1376:
to detect the occurrence and boundaries of quotations in spoken utterances.
596:
336:
290:
270:, to whom many political quotations of uncertain origin are attributed, and
255:
86:
82:
2756:
2739:
3205:
Direct and Indirect Speech (Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs)
2740:"Quotative Inversion in Peninsular Portuguese and Spanish, and in English"
471:
In English, both verb-subject and subject-verb word orders are permitted:
4446:
4332:
4156:
4128:
4059:
3985:
3970:
3878:
2547:
1358:
542:
175:
55:
1966:
1955:
4371:
4345:
4089:
3914:
3888:
3752:
2766:
2724:
2651:
2590:
Collins, Chris; Branigan, Phil (February 1997). "Quotative Inversion".
2385:. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1023–1030.
905:
633:
436:
subject, such as: "That's the whole trouble," said Gwen. Additionally,
85:, it is usually enclosed in quotation marks, but it can be enclosed in
3271:
2821:
2280:
McArthur, Tom; Lam-McArthur, Jacqueline; Fontaine, Lisa, eds. (2018).
1884:
1876:
1861:
1269:
628:
In most languages, quotations in spoken discourse are introduced by a
552:
Change in capitalization ("ccording to this article, this is untrue.")
4094:
3980:
3975:
3866:
3649:
3584:
2922:"Quoting the unspoken: An analysis of quotations in spoken discourse"
2428:. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 861–865.
2085:
841:
464:
Subject-verb inversion unlikely with an NP in addition to the subject
196:
3158:
387:"I am going to follow you all the rest of my life," declared the man
3349:
Proceedings of the 29th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics
2813:
2782:"When to Use Brackets in Quotes: Your Punctuation Guide - UoPeople"
1296:
420:
John). Quotative inversion is only allowed when the verb is in the
4186:
4167:
3644:
2009:
1630:
1522:
274:, to whom anonymous humorous quotations are sometimes attributed.
2894:
The international encyclopedia of language and social interaction
2104:
1204:
results in an indirect quotation translation. The quotative verb
1064:
727:
4453:
4320:
1792:
1639:
Japanese, for example, uses a sentence-final quotative particle
1501:"I'll make a cup of tea okay, you sit. I'll make a cup of tea."
1357:(I) have different indices to show that they refer to different
1092:
755:
604:
simply paraphrases of something that a reporting speaker heard.
179:
3503:
3057:, Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 33/No.3, September 2005.
844:
of the language. For example, compare the following languages:
116:
can also refer to the difference between speech acts where the
3340:
Haddican, William; Zweig, Eytan; Johnson, Daniel Ezra (2012).
2212:
2168:
Hand gesturing a quotation in a conversation can be done with
1888:
1865:
569:
561:
2971:"Evidentials and (relayed) speech acts: hearsay as quotation"
2496:, edited by Elizabeth Knowles, Oxford University Press, 2006.
2400:
purports to give the actual wording of the original, whereas
698:
93:
Comparison between direct, indirect, and free indirect speech
3024:"More than reported speech: Quotative evidentiality in Laal"
2132:
1880:
1208:
occurs before the quotation, while the quotative evidential
3306:"Quotation and advances in understanding syntactic systems"
3247:"How report verbs become quote markers and complementisers"
2021:
quotative evidentials are used with imperative quotations.
1892:
1768:
1690:
58:
to their original source; such statements are marked with (
1939:
of North-West Amazonia, has a reported evidential marker
3140:
University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics
1537:
in English is used to only introduce direct quotations.
1010:(say) occur after the quotation; the conjugated form of
2850:
Quotatives: New Trends and Sociolinguistic Implications
2121:
2030:
1040:
702:
674:
3362:
3360:
3358:
884:
are non-standard quotatives that are commonly used in
866:"Will you answer the phone, will you answer the phone"
525:
Subject-verb order unlikely for introducing quotations
408:(e.g. "My brother has arrived", Marie announces). The
1517:"If it is for wedding I am not going to contribute."
1349:
As the above sentence involves a non-self quotation,
2248:
2246:
2244:
1368:
In addition to quotative markers, speakers also use
4390:
4313:
4265:
4215:
4112:
4037:
4009:
3961:
3952:
3907:
3824:
3781:
3739:
3693:
3545:
3538:
3082:. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. pp. 117–128.
2084:'s quotative evidential comes as a derivation of a
27:
Repetition of one expression as part of another one
3222:
3220:
2505:The Holmes phrase originated in a radio play. See
303:), "Heavy lies the crown" from Shakespeare's Play
3335:
3333:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3240:
3238:
3136:"AAE Talmbout: An Overlooked Verb of Quotation"
1635:Quotative Particle "-tte" and "to" in Japanese.
1160:can also occur with verbs of thinking, such as
2450:"English Grammar Lesson - Using Quotes! - ELC"
808:Yuki TOP you {DAT (TOP)} her NOM like COM said
529:"No, he is not a gnome", the old man corrects.
508:"No, he is not a gnome", corrects the old man.
452:b. "Why?" asked Gabrielle of the attendant. -
391:Said the woman: "I see you with both my eyes."
3825:Cinema / television / video
3515:
3451:
3449:
3002:LaPolla, Randy; De Busser, Rik, eds. (2015).
2426:The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language
2383:The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language
2314:"On the Syntax of Direct Quotation in French"
584:are required to have the syntactic form of a
549:Clarification ("She is an expert in botany.")
8:
4359:Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree
3049:
3047:
3045:
3043:
2526:say: "All we want are the facts ma'am". See
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2282:The Oxford Companion to the English Language
2014:Quotative Evidential "=si" in Cusco Quechua.
521:*«No, no es un enanito», el viejo rectifica.
239:Book of Proverbs, Maxims, and Famous Phrases
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
1911:"They will know this word" they said to us.
1451:"Mon frère est arrivé," comme a dit Marie.
1149:
962:occurs at about the same frequency, though
500:«No, no es un enanito», rectifica el viejo.
446:a. "Why?" Gabrielle asked the attendant. -
3958:
3745:
3542:
3522:
3508:
3500:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
1833:"(X) said that it would be fine tomorrow."
3422:
3321:
3270:
2986:
2915:
2913:
2765:
2755:
2312:Bonami, Olivier; Godard, Danièle (2008).
2284:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
1908:word 3PL-FUT-know 3PL-say-PST-1PL.OBL.IRR
1905:wurlan wurr-u-miyangga bud-ma-ra-ngarrugu
3367:Matsui, Tomoko; Yamamoto, Taeko (2013).
2887:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2713:Natural Language & Linguistic Theory
2592:Natural Language & Linguistic Theory
1561:
1478:
1420:
1372:shifts, pauses, pronominal choices, and
973:In African American Vernacular English,
462:"Why?" asked Gabrielle the attendant. -
3080:Empirische Forschung und Theoriebildung
3017:
3015:
3013:
2896:. Wiley Blackwell. pp. 1272–1276.
2843:
2841:
2839:
2349:. Edinburgh University Press. pp.
2336:
2334:
2272:
2240:
2006:"He went fishing (they say/I was told)"
483:b. "Who's on first?" Swami demanded. -
477:a. "Don't turn back!" warned Marcel. -
3323:10.1146/annurev-linguist-030514-125220
1541:includes the use of the demonstrative
1440:"My brother has arrived," Marie said.
538:Brackets in quotes in English language
428:. The most common pairing is the verb
1437:Marie said, "My brother has arrived."
954:In conversational speech, the use of
824:spoken in lowland southeastern Peru,
798:Yuki wa anata {ni wa} kanojo ga suki
315:; it was, however, said in the films
7:
3484:from the original on 3 November 2008
3424:10.1146/annurev-anthro-102218-011243
1722:"It will be fine tomorrow, I heard."
1527:Quotative verb "be like" in English.
1448:Marie a dit, "Mon frère est arrivé."
1002:In Japanese, the quotative particle
2159:'Someone said: Who did Inés visit?'
872:In American English, verbs such as
555:Translation ("Hola, soy Brandon .")
216:The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations
3342:"The syntax of be like quotatives"
3006:. John Benjamins. pp. 99–103.
3004:Language Structure and Environment
1830:tomorrow will-be-fine QUOT said FP
1429:Quotation as head phrase adjunct
1148:"Taro said that he hated Harumi."
1145:Taro TOP Harumi ACC hated COM said
25:
3134:Jones, Taylor (1 December 2016).
3055:Quotative Use in American English
2852:(1st ed.). Wiley Blackwell.
2193:Fallacy of quoting out of context
1647:is sometimes regarded along with
948:"Okay, come with me come with me"
365:We don't need no stinkin' badges!
318:The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
2671:English Language and Linguistics
2548:Greatest Film Misquotes - Part 2
2092:, for interrogative quotations.
1212:occurs within the quoted speech
370:The Treasure of the Sierra Madre
3229:Canonical Morphology and Syntax
2561:We Dont Need No Stinkin Badges!
1565:Standard North American English
852:In English, the quotative verb
811:"Yuki said that you liked her."
454:NP part of a preposition phrase
3157:Cukor-Avila, Patricia (2002).
2920:Sams, Jessie (November 2010).
2848:Buchstaller, Isabelle (2014).
2744:Catalan Journal of Linguistics
1361:; only this interpretation is
1006:along with the verb of saying
934:"I'm so sorry you had to wait"
210:Bartlett's Familiar Quotations
1:
4288:Pierre Menard, Author of the
4134:Archetypal literary criticism
3694:Literature / theatre
3411:Annual Review of Anthropology
3263:10.1016/S0024-3841(99)00032-7
2454:ELC - English Language Center
2345:A Glossary of English Grammar
856:occurs before the quotation:
367:" (attributed to Gold Hat in
324:The Return of Sherlock Holmes
4100:Source criticism in the arts
3768:Readymades of Marcel Duchamp
3385:10.1016/j.pragma.2013.06.008
3310:Annual Review of Linguistics
2938:10.1016/j.pragma.2010.04.024
2665:Cichosz, Anna (March 2019).
2511:"Elementary, My Dear Watson"
1616:In many languages, they are
1135:Taro wa Harumi o nikundeiru
924:occur before the quotation:
4301:Reality Hunger: A Manifesto
3109:New Zealand English Journal
2969:Korotkova, Natasha (2017).
2550:, Tim Dirks at filmsite.org
1788:
1777:
1758:
1741:
1730:
1683:
1669:
1658:
1192:, the quotative evidential
1180:occur after the quotation.
1104:
1086:
1073:
1060:
1049:
1036:
1025:
767:
749:
736:
723:
712:
694:
683:
670:
659:
230:The Yale Book of Quotations
4526:
4407:Appropriation in sociology
3304:D'Arcy, Alexandra (2015).
3231:. Oxford University Press.
2892:Tracy, Karen, ed. (2015).
1719:tomorrow will-be-fine QUOT
1614:"say, mention, tell, etc."
1489:"Oh Frank I cannot walk."
567:
565:] for companionship."
309:Elementary, my dear Watson
259:
249:
40:Quotation (disambiguation)
34:. For economic usage, see
29:
4412:Articulation in sociology
3935:Revivalism (architecture)
3748:
2683:10.1017/S1360674317000594
1929:from full lexical verbs.
1533:The newer quotative verb
941:"Who are you going with?"
892:of English as well (e.g.
448:No subject-verb inversion
343:" (attributed to Ilsa in
4124:Aesthetic interpretation
3405:San Roque, Lila (2019).
2402:indirect reported speech
2341:Leech, Geoffrey (2006).
2258:reported indirect speech
896:in New Zealand English,
351:Do you feel lucky, punk?
225:Dictionary of Quotations
4366:The Pictures Generation
4145:The Death of the Author
3245:Klamer, Marian (2000).
3203:Florian Coulmas (Ed.).
3175:10.1215/00031283-77-1-3
2988:10.3765/salt.v25i0.3969
2738:Matos, Gabriel (2013).
2604:10.1023/A:1005722729974
2494:A Book of Misquotations
2218:Use–mention distinction
1485:After the movie I just
1426:Quotation as complement
1345:don't/didn't eat fish."
1292:
1284:
1276:
1262:
1251:
1243:
1231:
1220:
1156:The quotative particle
1152:"that 'I hated Harumi'"
582:Indo-European languages
262:List of movie misquotes
4437:Copyright infringement
4417:Cultural appropriation
2975:Proceedings of SALT 25
2398:Direct reported speech
2254:reported direct speech
2015:
1785:
1774:
1749:
1738:
1727:
1677:
1666:
1655:
1636:
1528:
1459:English also displays
1098:
1081:
1070:
1057:
1046:
1033:
1022:
761:
744:
733:
720:
709:
691:
680:
667:
656:
329:Luke, I am your father
38:. For other uses, see
4464:Participatory culture
4432:Intellectual property
3373:Journal of Pragmatics
2926:Journal of Pragmatics
2532:List of misquotations
2528:Just the facts, ma'am
2507:List of misquotations
2013:
1916:Quotative evidentials
1634:
1526:
287:Just the facts, ma'am
250:Further information:
4139:Artistic inspiration
3963:Intertextual figures
3930:Parody advertisement
3103:King, Brian (2010).
3053:Frederica Barbieri.
2757:10.5565/rev/catjl.86
788:ゆき は あなた には 彼女 が 好き
242:become commonplace.
170:As a literary device
150:Free indirect speech
4505:Human communication
4474:Recontextualisation
4427:Information society
4422:History of printing
4402:Academic dishonesty
4163:Genius (literature)
3852:Literal music video
3763:Photographic mosaic
3558:Chopped and screwed
1608:Quotative particles
575:In spoken discourse
377:Quotative inversion
184:musical composition
182:or sections from a
118:illocutionary force
4151:Divine inspiration
3940:Video game modding
3782:By source material
3022:Lionnet, Florian.
2652:10.1111/synt.12121
2456:. 16 November 2016
2418:Huddleston, Rodney
2375:Huddleston, Rodney
2156:Inés-TOP visit-PST
2149:Inés-qa watuku-sqa
2077:Someone said: Eat!
2016:
1873:bud-ma-ra-ngarrugu
1637:
1529:
1214:já mɨ́ nyàg tāā wó
987:they is scared of
590:subordinate clause
504:Verb-subject order
485:Subject-verb order
479:Verb-subject order
341:Play it again, Sam
283:Beam me up, Scotty
4487:
4486:
4394:artistic concepts
4382:Russian formalism
4108:
4107:
3948:
3947:
3837:Anime music video
3820:
3819:
3812:Statue of Liberty
3610:Musical quotation
3553:Bootleg recording
3478:The Phrase Finder
3089:978-3-631-56930-6
2932:(11): 3147–3160.
2360:978-0-7486-1729-6
2198:Musical quotation
1994:u-sú u-piniatika
1935:, a Tupí-Guaraní
1626:language families
1622:tense-aspect-mood
1603:
1602:
1547:hebben zoiets van
1521:
1520:
1482:Hong Kong English
1455:
1454:
1125:太郎 は 晴海 を 憎んでいる
886:colloquial speech
832:Quotative markers
828:spoken in Chad).
608:Reasons for using
526:
505:
486:
480:
465:
455:
449:
353:" (attributed to
331:" (attributed to
311:" (attributed to
289:" (attributed to
268:Winston Churchill
252:False attribution
190:Reasons for using
16:(Redirected from
4517:
4306:
4296:
4283:
4114:Related artistic
4080:Imitation in art
4050:Assemblage (art)
3959:
3758:Combine painting
3746:
3731:Verbatim theatre
3706:Cut-up technique
3605:Music plagiarism
3543:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3501:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3469:
3463:
3453:
3444:
3443:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3364:
3353:
3352:
3346:
3337:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3301:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3274:
3242:
3233:
3232:
3224:
3215:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3075:
3058:
3051:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3028:
3019:
3008:
3007:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2966:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2917:
2908:
2907:
2889:
2864:
2863:
2845:
2834:
2833:
2797:
2786:
2785:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2759:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2635:
2616:
2615:
2587:
2572:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2536:"Just the Facts"
2520:
2514:
2503:
2497:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2422:Pullum, Geoffrey
2414:
2408:
2407:
2379:Pullum, Geoffrey
2371:
2365:
2364:
2348:
2338:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2309:
2296:
2295:
2277:
2260:
2250:
2203:Nested quotation
2188:Escape character
2134:
2123:
2111:
2106:
2053:
2032:
2000:3SG-go 3SG-fish
1982:
1968:
1957:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1867:
1863:
1794:
1770:
1692:
1562:
1509:So Kabuwe Abuwe
1497:Never a husband
1479:
1421:
1298:
1271:
1151:
1094:
1066:
1042:
820:spoken in Peru,
757:
729:
704:
700:
676:
638:discourse marker
524:
503:
484:
478:
463:
453:
447:
305:Henry IV, Part 2
293:'s character of
178:, scenes from a
21:
4525:
4524:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4469:Pirate politics
4442:Derivative work
4395:
4393:
4386:
4309:
4304:
4294:
4281:
4270:
4268:
4261:
4257:Story structure
4252:Stock character
4232:Formula fiction
4220:
4218:
4217:Standard blocks
4211:
4117:
4115:
4104:
4033:
4005:
3954:
3944:
3903:
3832:Abridged series
3816:
3804:Michelangelo's
3796:Michelangelo's
3777:
3742:
3735:
3721:Jukebox musical
3689:
3534:
3528:
3498:
3497:
3487:
3485:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3454:
3447:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3407:"Evidentiality"
3404:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3366:
3365:
3356:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3331:
3303:
3302:
3287:
3277:
3275:
3244:
3243:
3236:
3226:
3225:
3218:
3202:
3198:
3163:American Speech
3156:
3155:
3151:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3118:
3116:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3077:
3076:
3061:
3052:
3041:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3011:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2968:
2967:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2891:
2890:
2867:
2860:
2847:
2846:
2837:
2799:
2798:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2695:
2693:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2637:
2636:
2619:
2589:
2588:
2575:
2570:Blazing Saddles
2560:
2558:
2554:
2546:
2542:
2521:
2517:
2504:
2500:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2457:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2393:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2322:
2320:
2311:
2310:
2299:
2292:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2251:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2183:Block quotation
2178:
2166:
2161:
2143:
2136:
2125:
2114:
2079:
2063:
2056:
2042:
2034:
2008:
1992:
1985:
1971:
1960:
1927:grammaticalized
1918:
1913:
1903:
1896:
1870:
1858:wurr-u-miyangga
1855:
1847:
1835:
1806:
1796:
1783:
1772:
1747:
1736:
1724:
1704:
1694:
1675:
1664:
1618:grammaticalized
1610:
1568:Glasgow English
1411:
1409:Quotative verbs
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1319:
1312:
1307:
1300:
1290:
1282:
1274:
1260:
1255:
1249:
1241:
1229:
1224:
1186:
1154:
1123:
1113:
1096:
1079:
1068:
1055:
1044:
1031:
1000:
850:
834:
813:
786:
776:
759:
742:
731:
718:
707:
689:
678:
665:
648:verb of saying
644:along with the
626:
610:
601:sociolinguistic
577:
572:
540:
398:
379:
313:Sherlock Holmes
264:
258:
248:
205:
192:
172:
135:indirect speech
114:indirect speech
95:
64:quotation marks
43:
36:Financial quote
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4523:
4521:
4513:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4492:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4398:
4396:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4362:
4355:
4348:
4343:
4335:
4330:
4327:De Copia Rerum
4323:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4297:
4284:
4273:
4271:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4223:
4221:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4148:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4120:
4118:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4041:
4039:
4038:Other concepts
4035:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4015:
4013:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3967:
3965:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3864:
3862:Re-cut trailer
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3630:Plunderphonics
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3519:
3512:
3504:
3496:
3495:
3472:Martin, Gary.
3464:
3445:
3430:
3397:
3354:
3329:
3285:
3234:
3216:
3213:978-3110105995
3196:
3149:
3126:
3095:
3088:
3059:
3039:
3009:
2994:
2950:
2909:
2902:
2865:
2858:
2835:
2814:10.2307/414729
2808:(4): 764–805.
2787:
2773:
2730:
2703:
2677:(1): 183–214.
2657:
2617:
2573:
2552:
2540:
2515:
2498:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2441:
2434:
2409:
2391:
2366:
2359:
2330:
2297:
2290:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2228:Right to quote
2225:
2223:Quotation mark
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2165:
2162:
2137:
2126:
2115:
2095:
2094:
2071:eat.INF (you)
2057:
2043:
2035:
2024:
2023:
1986:
1972:
1961:
1950:
1949:
1917:
1914:
1897:
1871:
1856:
1848:
1840:
1839:
1819:ashita hareru
1797:
1784:
1773:
1748:
1737:
1726:
1725:
1712:ashita hareru
1695:
1676:
1665:
1654:
1653:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1531:
1530:
1519:
1518:
1507:
1506:Kenyan English
1503:
1502:
1495:
1494:Indian English
1491:
1490:
1483:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1410:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1381:
1378:
1342:
1338:
1317:
1310:
1301:
1291:
1283:
1275:
1261:
1253:
1250:
1242:
1230:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1185:
1182:
1164:(think). Like
1114:
1097:
1080:
1069:
1056:
1045:
1032:
1021:
1020:
999:
996:
995:
994:
993:
992:
952:
951:
950:
949:
942:
935:
870:
869:
868:
867:
849:
846:
833:
830:
777:
760:
743:
732:
719:
708:
690:
679:
666:
655:
654:
630:verb of saying
625:
622:
609:
606:
576:
573:
568:Main article:
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4377:Postmodernism
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4267:Epoch-marking
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4242:Jazz standard
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4237:Genre fiction
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4207:Western canon
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3872:Shot-for-shot
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3847:Found footage
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3660:Sound collage
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3590:Interpolation
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3580:Cover version
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3531:Appropriation
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2784:. 5 May 2021.
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2538:at Snopes.com
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2513:at Snopes.com
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2082:Cusco Quechua
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1991:
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1937:lingua franca
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1200:. The use of
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985:talkin' 'bout
983:e. They come
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818:Cusco Quechua
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614:interlocutors
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281:catchphrase "
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246:Misquotations
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110:Direct speech
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103:direct speech
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79:quoted speech
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72:
71:transcription
69:As a form of
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57:
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41:
37:
33:
19:
18:Direct speech
4392:Related non-
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4339:
4325:
4314:Theorization
4299:
4289:
4276:
4155:
4070:Found object
4065:Détournement
3995:
3899:YouTube poop
3894:Video mashup
3842:Collage film
3805:
3797:
3788:
3716:Found poetry
3711:Flarf poetry
3620:Parody music
3600:Music mashup
3575:Contrafactum
3486:. Retrieved
3477:
3474:"Air quotes"
3467:
3442:(69): 59–81.
3439:
3433:
3414:
3410:
3400:
3388:. Retrieved
3376:
3372:
3348:
3316:(1): 43–61.
3313:
3309:
3276:. Retrieved
3257:(2): 69–98.
3254:
3250:
3228:
3204:
3199:
3166:
3162:
3152:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3117:. Retrieved
3112:
3108:
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3079:
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3030:. Retrieved
3003:
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2978:
2974:
2941:. Retrieved
2929:
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2893:
2849:
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2801:
2776:
2747:
2743:
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2716:
2712:
2706:
2694:. Retrieved
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2595:
2591:
2569:
2555:
2543:
2523:
2518:
2501:
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2479:
2470:
2458:. Retrieved
2453:
2444:
2425:
2412:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2382:
2369:
2344:
2321:. Retrieved
2317:
2281:
2275:
2257:
2253:
2208:Scare quotes
2167:
2164:Hand gesture
2158:
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2146:
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2066:
2065:kumain (ka)
2064:
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2049:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2028:
2025:
2017:
2005:
2001:
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1995:
1993:
1989:
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1979:
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1973:
1965:
1962:
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1745:will-be-fine
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1412:
1387:coreferenced
1383:
1367:
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1334:eat fish NEG
1331:
1330:(say)that I
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1011:
1007:
1003:
1001:
988:
984:
974:
972:
967:
963:
959:
955:
953:
945:
938:
931:
921:
917:
913:
909:
901:
897:
893:
881:
877:
873:
871:
863:
853:
851:
837:
835:
814:
810:
807:
802:
799:
797:
792:
789:
787:
783:
780:
778:
773:
768:
762:
754:
750:
745:
739:
726:
715:
697:
686:
673:
662:
649:
641:
627:
618:
611:
594:
588:declarative
578:
560:
558:
541:
520:
499:
491:
470:
459:
438:noun phrases
429:
417:
413:
399:
390:
386:
380:
368:
358:
344:
322:
316:
298:
278:
276:
265:
234:
228:
220:
214:
208:
206:
193:
173:
165:
161:
148:
133:
129:
113:
109:
108:
102:
98:
78:
74:
68:
46:
44:
4459:Open source
4247:Plot device
4197:Originality
4180:Fan fiction
4045:After (art)
4001:Translation
3857:Parody film
3741:Visual arts
3670:Tribute act
3533:in the arts
3488:18 November
3417:: 353–370.
3169:(1): 3–31.
2981:: 676–694.
2767:10451/32653
2598:(1): 1–41.
1963:u-piniatika
1555:well-formed
1461:verb-second
1363:well-formed
1341:said that I
1323:nyàg tāā wó
586:well-formed
426:simple past
410:verb phrase
360:Dirty Harry
333:Darth Vader
272:Oscar Wilde
4500:Quotations
4494:Categories
4352:Nachahmung
4338:Dionysian
4278:L.H.O.O.Q.
4202:Simulacrum
4011:Adaptation
3991:Plagiarism
3925:Joke theft
3908:Other arts
3701:Assemblage
3563:Contrafact
3272:1887/18278
2719:(3): 532.
2646:(2): 113.
2460:24 October
2267:References
2170:air quotes
2128:watuku-sqa
1827:itteta yo.
1397:..."; they
1074:nikundeiru
646:conjugated
402:complement
346:Casablanca
295:Joe Friday
260:See also:
132:or normal
87:guillemets
60:punctuated
4227:Archetype
4219:and forms
4175:Fan labor
4055:Bricolage
3996:Quotation
3884:TV format
3790:Mona Lisa
3685:Vaporwave
3680:Variation
3640:Quodlibet
3635:Potpourri
3625:Pasticcio
3615:Nightcore
3440:Kalbotyra
3207:, p.164.
3191:143904503
3183:1527-2133
2830:143541258
2691:125456450
2612:189899706
2019:Tagalog's
1933:Nhêengatú
1923:Allegedly
1843:Ngarinyin
1499:says that
1487:said that
1359:referents
1353:(he) and
1247:(say)that
1014:(say) is
890:varieties
337:Star Wars
291:Jack Webb
279:Star Trek
256:Straw man
237:Macmillan
83:narrative
47:quotation
4447:Fair use
4340:imitatio
4333:Diegesis
4157:Afflatus
4129:Anti-art
4116:concepts
4060:Citation
4024:Literary
3986:Pastiche
3971:Allusion
3955:concepts
3953:General
3879:Supercut
3665:Standard
3655:Sampling
3539:By field
3482:Archived
3390:13 April
3379:: 5–25.
3351:: 81–89.
3278:13 April
3119:19 April
3032:19 April
2943:11 April
2802:Language
2696:17 April
2424:(2002).
2381:(2002).
2323:10 April
2176:See also
2152:who-ACC=
1734:tomorrow
1706:明日 晴れる -
1662:tomorrow
1401:said "we
1393:said, "I
1370:prosodic
1172:(say),
998:Japanese
597:verbatim
543:Brackets
223:Columbia
176:painting
130:Reported
56:citation
4510:Writing
4372:Pop art
4346:Mimesis
4290:Quixote
4090:Reprise
4029:Theatre
3915:In-joke
3889:Vidding
3753:Collage
3115:: 17–36
2750:: 112.
2725:4047939
2566:YouTube
2353:, 101.
2117:Inés-qa
1845:example
1808:明日 晴れる
1539:Be like
1535:be like
1467:Harry.
1434:English
968:be like
960:be like
937:c. She
930:b. I'm
914:be like
906:Glasgow
898:be like
894:be like
874:be like
862:a. She
848:English
634:pronoun
434:nominal
432:with a
424:or the
418:to Mary
414:to Mary
406:adjunct
383:subject
363:) and "
300:Dragnet
52:prosody
4305:(2010)
4295:(1939)
4282:(1919)
4095:Satire
4085:Mashup
4075:Homage
3981:Parody
3976:Calque
3867:Remake
3650:Riddim
3595:Medley
3585:DJ mix
3459:
3251:Lingua
3211:
3189:
3181:
3086:
2900:
2856:
2828:
2822:414729
2820:
2723:
2689:
2640:Syntax
2610:
2432:
2389:
2357:
2288:
2145:pi-ta=
2141:
2131:visit-
2097:pi-ta=
2086:clitic
2061:
2026:kumain
1990:
1901:
1850:wurlan
1816:言ってた よ
1804:
1801:
1778:itteta
1742:hareru
1731:ashita
1702:
1699:
1670:hareru
1659:ashita
1571:Dutch
1553:to be
1551:zoiets
1445:French
1380:Syntax
1316:mɨ́ já
1305:
1121:
1118:
1053:Harumi
1050:Harumi
944:d. He'
922:be all
920:, and
882:be all
880:, and
842:syntax
784:
781:
713:kanojo
632:and a
396:Syntax
197:author
99:Quoted
75:direct
62:with)
4269:works
4187:Genre
4168:Muses
3806:Pietà
3798:David
3773:Swipe
3726:Trope
3675:Trope
3645:Remix
3546:Music
3345:(PDF)
3187:S2CID
3027:(PDF)
2826:S2CID
2818:JSTOR
2721:JSTOR
2687:S2CID
2608:S2CID
2522:Webb
2235:Notes
2120:Inés-
2040:(you)
1969:-fish
1879:-say-
1868:-know
1599:]]]]
1590:]]]]
1582:]]]]
1374:tense
1314:ɓɨ́lá
1233:ɓɨ́lá
1206:bɨ́lá
1198:ɓɨ́lá
1077:hated
1071:憎んでいる
946:s all
822:Nanti
695:ni wa
684:anata
180:movie
4454:Meme
4321:Dada
4019:Film
3568:list
3490:2008
3457:ISBN
3392:2020
3280:2020
3209:ISBN
3179:ISSN
3146:(2).
3121:2020
3084:ISBN
3034:2020
2945:2020
2898:ISBN
2854:ISBN
2698:2020
2534:and
2509:and
2492:See
2462:2017
2430:ISBN
2387:ISBN
2355:ISBN
2325:2020
2286:ISBN
2256:and
2103:who-
2037:(ka)
2029:eat.
1952:u-sú
1945:paá.
1853:word
1821:-tte
1781:said
1775:言ってた
1769:QUOT
1760:-tte
1691:QUOT
1593:]]]]
1579:]]]]
1576:]]]]
1543:that
1515:that
1511:told
1472:that
1465:says
1343:*i/j
1318:*i/j
1288:fish
1277:nyàg
1254:*i/j
1190:Laal
1184:Laal
1178:omou
1176:and
1168:and
1162:omou
1150:lit.
1140:itta
1111:said
1106:itta
1029:Taro
1026:Taro
1016:itta
958:and
939:went
932:like
900:and
864:said
826:Laal
803:itta
774:said
769:itta
740:like
737:suki
663:Yuki
660:Yuki
650:itta
624:Form
430:said
389:and
349:), "
339:), "
327:), "
321:and
254:and
235:The
233:and
221:The
112:and
3419:doi
3381:doi
3318:doi
3267:hdl
3259:doi
3255:110
3171:doi
2983:doi
2934:doi
2810:doi
2762:hdl
2752:doi
2679:doi
2648:doi
2600:doi
2564:on
2524:did
2318:HAL
2213:Sic
2154:REP
2133:PST
2122:TOP
2110:REP
2105:ACC
2090:=si
2073:REP
2067:daw
2052:REP
2046:daw
2031:INF
2002:REP
1996:paá
1981:REP
1975:paá
1967:3SG
1958:-go
1956:3SG
1947:"
1941:paá
1893:IRR
1889:OBL
1885:1PL
1881:PST
1877:3PL
1866:FUT
1862:3PL
1789:yo.
1739:晴れる
1714:tte
1685:tte
1667:晴れる
1645:tte
1641:tte
1513:us
1337:"He
1332:QEV
1328:say
1326:He
1321:mɨ́
1297:NEG
1285:tāā
1280:eat
1270:QEV
1264:mɨ́
1244:mɨ́
1238:say
1210:mɨ́
1202:mɨ́
1194:mɨ́
1188:In
1130:言った
1100:言った
1093:COM
1065:ACC
1047:晴海
1041:TOP
964:say
956:say
910:say
904:in
854:say
838:say
793:言った
763:言った
756:COM
728:NOM
716:her
703:TOP
699:DAT
687:you
681:あなた
675:TOP
570:sic
562:sic
519:b.
498:a.
458:c.
373:).
357:in
335:in
307:, "
297:on
101:or
77:or
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3480:.
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3288:^
3265:.
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3185:.
3177:.
3167:77
3165:.
3161:.
3144:22
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3138:.
3113:24
3111:.
3107:.
3062:^
3042:^
3012:^
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2977:.
2973:.
2953:^
2930:42
2928:.
2924:.
2912:^
2868:^
2838:^
2824:.
2816:.
2806:66
2804:.
2790:^
2760:.
2748:12
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2717:18
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2620:^
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2088:,
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1751:って
1728:明日
1708:って
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1656:明日
1649:to
1628:.
1557:.
1355:já
1293:wó
1252:já
1227:He
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1088:to
1037:wa
1023:太郎
1018::
1012:iu
1008:iu
1004:to
989:me
918:go
916:,
912:,
902:go
878:go
876:,
800:to
751:to
734:好き
724:ga
710:彼女
692:には
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657:ゆき
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642:to
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227:,
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