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To do so, DG RTD contributes to the
European Semester by analysing national R&I policies, by assessing their strengths and weaknesses, and by formulating country specific recommendations where necessary. It monitors and contributes to the realisation of the Innovation Union flagship initiative
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To make Europe a better place to live and work, by developing and implementing R&I policy to improve Europe's competitiveness, boost its growth, create jobs, and tackle the main current and future societal challenges.
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4641:, and responsible for the European Union's research and innovation policy and coordination of research and innovation activities. Until her resign in May 2023, DG RTD was headed by Commissioner
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The
Directorate-General for Research and Innovation defines and implements European Research and Innovation (R&I) policy with a view to achieving the goals of the
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To fulfil its mission, the
Directorate General works closely with several other Commission departments (DGs) and executive agencies.
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4791:"Directorate-General for Research & Innovation - Mission - Research & Innovation - European Commission"
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4833:"Related Commission departments (DGs) & agencies - Research & Innovation - European Commission"
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European
Commissioner for Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth
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Authority for
European Political Parties and European Political Foundations
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Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings
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4657:
strategy and its key flagship initiative, the
Innovation Union.
4511:
4459:
Post-Brexit United
Kingdom relations with the European Union
3307:
2884:
2418:
1959:
1249:
Economic and
Financial Affairs configuration of the Council
4756:
Joint
Research Centre (a DG of the European Commission)
1244:Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament
4867:Directorates-General in the European Commission
4623:Directorate-General for Research and Innovation
1421:European Institute of Innovation and Technology
523:Countries with suspended accession negotiations
4812:"What is Horizon 2020? - European Commission"
4602:
8:
4665:. It funds Research and Innovation through
4673:) taking a strategic programming approach.
3346:Political groups of the European Parliament
1417:Decentralised independent bodies of the EU
4609:
4595:
15:
1520:Publications Office of the European Union
3943:European System of Financial Supervision
1239:Internal Audit Service of the Commission
4782:
4449:United Kingdom–European Union relations
2374:Non Euro countries relationship to Euro
27:
4471:United States–European Union relations
1490:European Economic and Social Committee
4697:Director Bioeconomy and Food System:
4494:European Union and the United Nations
4026:Foreign relations of EU member states
7:
4645:and Director-General Marc Lemaître.
4499:European Union Association Agreement
4434:Switzerland–European Union relations
3331:Elections to the European Parliament
4404:Kazakhstan–European Union relations
1955:Nuclear power in the European Union
1530:European Personnel Selection Office
1465:European Data Protection Supervisor
1426:European Public Prosecutor's Office
4558:Convention on the Future of Europe
4489:Microstates and the European Union
4369:Australia–European Union relations
4359:Argentina–European Union relations
3303:Microstates and the European Union
2852:Non-Schengen area EU member states
592:Withdrawal from the European Union
14:
4536:European Coal and Steel Community
1500:European Union Military Committee
1485:European Committee of the Regions
1388:Decentralised agencies of the EU
1116:Member of the European Parliament
787:Abandoned treaties and agreements
4852:EURAXESS - researchers in motion
4766:Science and technology in Europe
4739:European Institute of Technology
4734:European Charter for Researchers
4569:
4444:Ukraine–European Union relations
4419:Moldova–European Union relations
4399:Iceland–European Union relations
4394:Georgia–European Union relations
4364:Armenia–European Union relations
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2845:Visa policy of the Schengen Area
2814:
2801:
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2002:
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1566:
1525:European External Action Service
1495:Political and Security Committee
1402:European Supervisory Authorities
932:
779:European Economic Area Agreement
552:
530:
508:
496:
484:
472:
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448:
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166:
153:
140:
127:
114:
101:
88:
75:
62:
37:
4694:Director General: Marc Lemaître
4439:Turkey–European Union relations
4429:Russia–European Union relations
4424:Norway–European Union relations
4414:Mexico–European Union relations
4379:Canada–European Union relations
4374:Brazil–European Union relations
3899:Passports of the European Union
2889:Schengen Area from January 2023
4409:Japan–European Union relations
4384:China–European Union relations
1540:European Administrative School
1436:European Data Protection Board
1321:European Investment Bank Group
30:Politics of the European Union
1:
4389:European Union–NATO relations
3435:Elections in EU member states
3366:Referendums related to the EU
1361:European University Institute
1355:European University Institute
582:Germany–Netherlands relations
3926:European Banking Supervision
1964:Euratom since 1 January 2021
1411:Executive agencies of the EU
1348:European Stability Mechanism
1342:European Stability Mechanism
4771:Scientific Advice Mechanism
4541:European Economic Community
3931:Single Resolution Mechanism
3298:EEA National Identity cards
2835:Schengen Information System
2367:Enlargement of the eurozone
1976:Economic and Monetary Union
1432:Corporate bodies of the EU
1050:Council preparatory bodies
799:UK membership renegotiation
4883:
4835:. Ec.europa.eu. 2015-08-25
4677:Long-term Objective (2020)
4661:and the completion of the
1514:Inter-institutional bodies
1259:Public Prosecutor's Office
1226:European Court of Auditors
1219:European Court of Auditors
1172:Court of Justice of the EU
4745:European Research Council
4576:European Union portal
1179:European Court of Justice
606:Treaties and Declarations
572:Belgium–Germany relations
1459:Other independent bodies
904:Legislative institutions
877:College of Commissioners
857:Von der Leyen Commission
577:France–Germany relations
19:This article is part of
2840:Visa Information System
2268:Other currencies in use
1059:Council Working Parties
4663:European Research Area
4553:Western European Union
3921:European banking union
3857:European Single Market
3426:2024 (latest election)
3313:
3312:European Economic Area
2901:European Economic Area
2890:
2424:
1965:
1391:Single market agencies
812:Executive institutions
752:Treaties of succession
443:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3938:Capital Markets Union
3850:Free Trade Agreements
3311:
2888:
2422:
1963:
1272:European Central Bank
1233:Other auditory bodies
1213:Auditory institutions
1166:Judicial institutions
911:Legislative procedure
793:European Constitution
717:Treaties of accession
4691:Commissioner: vacant
4667:Framework Programmes
4530:European Communities
3970:Enhanced cooperation
3341:European foundations
2958:(provisional member)
1507:EU/ESA Space Council
1374:Unified Patent Court
1368:Unified Patent Court
1154:National parliaments
1044:Directorates-general
4635:European Commission
4631:Directorate-General
4009:Ext. Action Service
3994:High Representative
3960:European Federation
3834:Policies and issues
3293:EEA Joint Committee
2423:Eurozone since 2015
1445:Joint undertakings
1069:European Parliament
850:European Commission
673:Treaty of Amsterdam
661:Single European Act
613:Schuman Declaration
567:Special territories
545:Applicant countries
417:Candidate countries
4548:European Community
4479:Common Travel Area
3965:Multi-speed Europe
3822:Fundamental Rights
3373:European elections
3314:
2891:
2425:
1966:
1470:European Ombudsman
947:July–December 2024
773:Schengen Agreement
685:Berlin Declaration
655:Solemn Declaration
625:Europe Declaration
4619:
4618:
3987:Foreign relations
1920:Associated states
1535:Anti-Fraud Office
1254:Anti-Fraud Office
1189:Advocates General
1035:Secretary-General
919:Council of the EU
887:Secretary-General
667:Maastricht Treaty
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3955:Supranationalism
3862:Area of FS&J
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3336:European parties
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3135:
3134:
3123:
3122:
3111:
3110:
3099:
3098:
3087:
3086:
3075:
3074:
3063:
3062:
3051:
3050:
3039:
3038:
3027:
3026:
3015:
3014:
3003:
3002:
2991:
2990:
2979:
2978:
2967:
2966:
2954:
2953:
2942:
2941:
2930:
2929:
2918:
2917:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2352:
2351:
2340:
2339:
2328:
2327:
2318:Hungarian forint
2316:
2315:
2304:
2303:
2292:
2291:
2280:
2279:
2253:
2252:
2223:
2222:
2211:
2210:
2199:
2198:
2187:
2186:
2175:
2174:
2163:
2162:
2151:
2150:
2139:
2138:
2127:
2126:
2115:
2114:
2103:
2102:
2091:
2090:
2079:
2078:
2067:
2066:
2055:
2054:
2043:
2042:
2031:
2030:
2019:
2018:
2007:
2006:
1995:
1994:
1983:Eurozone members
1944:
1943:
1942:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1414:Euratom agencies
1039:Thérèse Blanchet
937:
936:
840:List of meetings
818:European Council
691:Treaty of Lisbon
557:
556:
535:
534:
513:
512:
501:
500:
489:
488:
477:
476:
465:
464:
453:
452:
441:
440:
429:
428:
405:
404:
403:
392:
391:
390:
379:
378:
377:
366:
365:
364:
353:
352:
351:
340:
339:
338:
327:
326:
325:
314:
313:
312:
301:
300:
299:
288:
287:
286:
275:
274:
273:
262:
261:
260:
249:
248:
247:
236:
235:
234:
223:
222:
221:
210:
209:
208:
197:
196:
195:
184:
183:
182:
171:
170:
169:
158:
157:
156:
145:
144:
143:
132:
131:
130:
119:
118:
117:
106:
105:
104:
93:
92:
91:
80:
79:
78:
67:
66:
65:
41:
16:
4882:
4881:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4857:
4856:
4848:
4847:
4838:
4836:
4831:
4830:
4826:
4817:
4815:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4796:
4794:
4789:
4788:
4784:
4779:
4761:Lisbon Strategy
4715:
4707:
4688:
4679:
4651:
4615:
4586:
4582:Other countries
4570:
4568:
4563:
4562:
4525:
4517:
4516:
4503:
4475:
4355:
4343:
4331:
4319:
4307:
4295:
4283:
4271:
4259:
4247:
4235:
4223:
4211:
4199:
4187:
4175:
4163:
4151:
4139:
4127:
4115:
4103:
4091:
4079:
4067:
4055:
4043:
4031:
4028:
4023:
4005:
3997:
3989:
3979:
3978:
3909:Pro-Europeanism
3835:
3827:
3826:
3775:
3765:
3764:
3752:
3740:
3728:
3716:
3704:
3692:
3680:
3668:
3656:
3644:
3632:
3620:
3608:
3596:
3584:
3572:
3560:
3548:
3536:
3524:
3512:
3500:
3488:
3476:
3464:
3452:
3440:
3437:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3375:
3370:
3351:Spitzenkandidat
3326:
3316:
3315:
3289:
3284:
3273:
3271:
3260:
3258:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3237:
3225:
3213:
3201:
3189:
3177:
3165:
3153:
3141:
3129:
3117:
3105:
3093:
3081:
3069:
3057:
3045:
3033:
3021:
3009:
2997:
2985:
2973:
2961:
2948:
2936:
2924:
2912:
2909:
2903:
2893:
2892:
2872:
2870:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2849:
2830:Prüm Convention
2826:
2815:
2813:
2802:
2800:
2789:
2787:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2766:
2755:
2753:
2742:
2740:
2729:
2727:
2716:
2714:
2703:
2701:
2690:
2688:
2677:
2675:
2664:
2662:
2651:
2649:
2638:
2636:
2625:
2623:
2612:
2610:
2599:
2597:
2586:
2584:
2573:
2571:
2560:
2558:
2547:
2545:
2534:
2532:
2521:
2519:
2508:
2506:
2495:
2493:
2482:
2480:
2469:
2467:
2456:
2454:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2376:
2371:
2358:
2346:
2334:
2322:
2310:
2298:
2286:
2274:
2271:
2264:
2262:
2255:Paschal Donohoe
2247:
2239:
2232:
2230:
2217:
2205:
2193:
2181:
2169:
2157:
2145:
2133:
2121:
2109:
2097:
2085:
2073:
2061:
2049:
2037:
2025:
2013:
2001:
1989:
1986:
1978:
1968:
1967:
1951:
1940:
1938:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1905:
1903:
1892:
1890:
1879:
1877:
1866:
1864:
1853:
1851:
1840:
1838:
1827:
1825:
1814:
1812:
1801:
1799:
1788:
1786:
1775:
1773:
1762:
1760:
1749:
1747:
1736:
1734:
1723:
1721:
1710:
1708:
1697:
1695:
1684:
1682:
1671:
1669:
1658:
1656:
1645:
1643:
1632:
1630:
1619:
1617:
1606:
1604:
1593:
1591:
1580:
1578:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1559:Euratom members
1555:
1545:
1544:
1516:
1511:
1481:
1478:Advisory bodies
1474:
1461:
1456:
1385:
1378:
1370:
1365:
1357:
1352:
1344:
1339:
1332:Investment Fund
1327:Investment Bank
1323:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1274:
1264:
1263:
1235:
1230:
1222:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1134:Vice Presidents
1078:
1072:
1065:
1021:
1020:
1019:
957:
952:
951:
950:
943:
931:
929:
922:
915:
906:
896:
895:
872:Vice Presidents
853:
846:
821:
813:
805:
804:
789:
784:
769:
764:
763:
754:
749:
748:
719:
714:
713:
708:
619:Treaty of Paris
608:
598:
597:
596:
563:
551:
548:
541:
529:
526:
519:
507:
495:
491:North Macedonia
483:
471:
459:
447:
435:
423:
420:
413:
412:
401:
399:
388:
386:
375:
373:
362:
360:
349:
347:
336:
334:
323:
321:
310:
308:
297:
295:
284:
282:
271:
269:
258:
256:
245:
243:
232:
230:
219:
217:
206:
204:
193:
191:
180:
178:
167:
165:
154:
152:
141:
139:
128:
126:
115:
113:
102:
100:
89:
87:
76:
74:
63:
61:
56:
32:
12:
11:
5:
4880:
4878:
4870:
4869:
4859:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4846:
4845:
4824:
4814:. Ec.europa.eu
4803:
4793:. Ec.europa.eu
4781:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4742:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4714:
4711:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4699:Peter Wehrheim
4695:
4692:
4687:
4684:
4678:
4675:
4650:
4647:
4643:Mariya Gabriel
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4606:
4599:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4578:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4526:
4524:Defunct bodies
4523:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4354:
4353:
4341:
4329:
4317:
4305:
4293:
4281:
4269:
4257:
4245:
4233:
4221:
4209:
4197:
4185:
4173:
4161:
4149:
4137:
4125:
4113:
4101:
4099:Czech Republic
4089:
4077:
4065:
4053:
4041:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4019:Defence Policy
4016:
4014:Foreign Policy
4011:
4004:
4003:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3962:
3957:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3914:Euroscepticism
3911:
3906:
3901:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3842:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3817:Recommendation
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3776:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3750:
3738:
3726:
3714:
3702:
3690:
3678:
3666:
3654:
3642:
3630:
3618:
3606:
3594:
3582:
3570:
3558:
3546:
3534:
3522:
3510:
3508:Czech Republic
3498:
3486:
3474:
3462:
3450:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3356:Constituencies
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3269:
3256:
3240:Non-EU members
3238:
3236:
3235:
3223:
3211:
3199:
3187:
3175:
3163:
3151:
3139:
3127:
3115:
3103:
3091:
3079:
3067:
3055:
3043:
3031:
3019:
3007:
2995:
2983:
2981:Czech Republic
2971:
2959:
2946:
2934:
2922:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2883:
2882:
2868:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2825:
2824:
2811:
2798:
2785:
2769:Non-EU members
2767:
2765:
2764:
2751:
2738:
2725:
2712:
2699:
2686:
2673:
2660:
2647:
2634:
2621:
2608:
2595:
2582:
2569:
2556:
2543:
2530:
2517:
2504:
2502:Czech Republic
2491:
2478:
2465:
2452:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2357:
2356:
2344:
2332:
2320:
2308:
2296:
2284:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2215:
2203:
2191:
2179:
2167:
2155:
2143:
2131:
2119:
2107:
2095:
2083:
2071:
2059:
2047:
2035:
2023:
2011:
1999:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1949:
1947:United Kingdom
1936:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1901:
1888:
1875:
1862:
1849:
1836:
1823:
1810:
1797:
1784:
1771:
1758:
1745:
1732:
1719:
1706:
1693:
1680:
1667:
1654:
1641:
1639:Czech Republic
1628:
1615:
1602:
1589:
1576:
1562:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1492:
1487:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1451:of the Euratom
1449:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1329:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1297:Euro banknotes
1294:
1289:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1103:
1091:Largest groups
1088:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1027:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
981:
980:
970:
965:
959:
958:
955:Configurations
953:
944:
930:
923:
916:
914:
913:
907:
902:
901:
898:
897:
894:
893:
884:
879:
874:
869:
859:
847:
845:
844:
843:
842:
837:
815:
814:
811:
810:
807:
806:
803:
802:
796:
785:
783:
782:
776:
767:Other treaties
765:
755:
750:
720:
715:
709:
707:
706:
705:
704:
699:
688:
682:
679:Treaty of Nice
676:
670:
664:
658:
652:
646:
643:Euratom Treaty
640:
637:Treaty of Rome
634:
628:
622:
616:
609:
604:
603:
600:
599:
595:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
562:
561:
542:
540:
539:
520:
518:
517:
505:
493:
481:
469:
457:
445:
433:
414:
411:
410:
397:
384:
371:
358:
345:
332:
319:
306:
293:
280:
267:
254:
241:
228:
215:
202:
189:
176:
163:
150:
137:
135:Czech Republic
124:
111:
98:
85:
72:
58:
57:
51:
50:
47:
46:
43:
42:
34:
33:
28:
25:
24:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4879:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4834:
4828:
4825:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4792:
4786:
4783:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4746:
4743:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4710:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4683:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4658:
4656:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4637:, located in
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4612:
4607:
4605:
4600:
4598:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4567:
4566:
4559:
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4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4533:
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4528:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4002:
4001:Josep Borrell
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3845:Customs Union
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3789:ECJ Case 6/64
3786:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3769:
3768:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3361:Apportionment
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3281:
3270:
3268:
3267:Liechtenstein
3257:
3255:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2902:
2897:
2896:
2887:
2880:
2869:
2867:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2812:
2810:
2799:
2797:
2796:Liechtenstein
2786:
2784:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2763:
2752:
2750:
2739:
2737:
2726:
2724:
2713:
2711:
2700:
2698:
2687:
2685:
2674:
2672:
2661:
2659:
2648:
2646:
2635:
2633:
2622:
2620:
2609:
2607:
2596:
2594:
2583:
2581:
2570:
2568:
2557:
2555:
2544:
2542:
2531:
2529:
2518:
2516:
2505:
2503:
2492:
2490:
2479:
2477:
2466:
2464:
2453:
2451:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:Schengen Area
2431:
2430:
2421:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2354:Swedish krona
2350:
2345:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2282:Bulgarian lev
2278:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2263:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1937:
1935:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1913:
1902:
1900:
1889:
1887:
1876:
1874:
1863:
1861:
1850:
1848:
1837:
1835:
1824:
1822:
1811:
1809:
1798:
1796:
1785:
1783:
1772:
1770:
1759:
1757:
1746:
1744:
1733:
1731:
1720:
1718:
1707:
1705:
1694:
1692:
1681:
1679:
1668:
1666:
1655:
1653:
1642:
1640:
1629:
1627:
1616:
1614:
1603:
1601:
1590:
1588:
1577:
1575:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1397:AFSC agencies
1396:
1394:CFSP agencies
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1336:EIB Institute
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1313:
1312:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1201:General Court
1199:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:Iratxe García
1107:
1104:
1101:
1100:Manfred Weber
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
979:
976:
975:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
960:
956:
948:
942:
941:
935:
928:
927:
921:
920:
912:
909:
908:
905:
900:
899:
892:
888:
885:
883:
882:Civil Service
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
867:
866:Von der Leyen
863:
860:
858:
855:
854:
852:
851:
841:
838:
836:
833:
832:
830:
826:
823:
822:
820:
819:
809:
808:
800:
797:
794:
791:
790:
788:
780:
777:
774:
771:
770:
768:
762:
758:
753:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
718:
712:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
649:Merger Treaty
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
610:
607:
602:
601:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
564:
560:
555:
550:
549:
547:
546:
538:
533:
528:
527:
525:
524:
516:
511:
506:
504:
499:
494:
492:
487:
482:
480:
475:
470:
468:
463:
458:
456:
451:
446:
444:
439:
434:
432:
427:
422:
421:
419:
418:
409:
398:
396:
385:
383:
372:
370:
359:
357:
346:
344:
333:
331:
320:
318:
307:
305:
294:
292:
281:
279:
268:
266:
255:
253:
242:
240:
229:
227:
216:
214:
203:
201:
190:
188:
177:
175:
164:
162:
151:
149:
138:
136:
125:
123:
112:
110:
99:
97:
86:
84:
73:
71:
60:
59:
54:
53:Member states
49:
48:
45:
44:
40:
36:
35:
31:
26:
22:
18:
17:
4837:. Retrieved
4827:
4816:. Retrieved
4806:
4795:. Retrieved
4785:
4751:Horizon 2020
4708:
4680:
4671:Horizon 2020
4659:
4652:
4626:
4622:
4620:
4532:(1958–1993)
4025:
3992:
3872:Agricultural
3795:Subsidiarity
3434:
3372:
3286:
3239:
2906:
2851:
2768:
2373:
2342:Romanian leu
2330:Polish złoty
2306:Danish krone
2294:Czech koruna
2266:
2261:
2242:
2234:
2229:
1981:
1919:
1558:
1513:
1476:
1458:
1380:
1367:
1354:
1341:
1320:
1316:Other bodies
1232:
1217:
1170:
1152:
1067:
954:
939:
924:
917:
848:
816:
786:
766:
751:
716:
631:Spaak Report
543:
521:
415:
4669:(currently
4655:Europe 2020
4267:Netherlands
3950:Integration
3894:Citizenship
3676:Netherlands
3149:Netherlands
2907:EEA members
2822:Switzerland
2671:Netherlands
2177:Netherlands
1934:Switzerland
1821:Netherlands
1125:(2019–2024)
1123:9th session
1030:Secretariat
801:(2015–2016)
317:Netherlands
4839:2016-01-06
4818:2016-01-06
4797:2016-01-06
4777:References
4686:Management
4243:Luxembourg
3802:Regulation
3652:Luxembourg
3125:Luxembourg
2645:Luxembourg
2153:Luxembourg
1795:Luxembourg
1406:SRM bodies
1302:Euro coins
1146:Conference
926:Presidency
702:Article 50
479:Montenegro
291:Luxembourg
4705:Structure
4231:Lithuania
3882:Fisheries
3868:Policies
3807:Directive
3640:Lithuania
3324:Elections
3113:Lithuania
2881:(Opt-out)
2632:Lithuania
2243:President
2236:Eurogroup
2141:Lithuania
1782:Lithuania
1448:of the EU
1279:President
1082:President
978:Eurogroup
891:Juhansone
862:President
825:President
697:Article 7
278:Lithuania
4861:Category
4713:See also
4639:Brussels
4327:Slovenia
4315:Slovakia
4291:Portugal
4063:Bulgaria
3904:Identity
3887:Regional
3812:Decision
3736:Slovenia
3724:Slovakia
3700:Portugal
3472:Bulgaria
3209:Slovenia
3197:Slovakia
3173:Portugal
2944:Bulgaria
2736:Slovenia
2723:Slovakia
2697:Portugal
2476:Bulgaria
2382:Bulgaria
2213:Slovenia
2201:Slovakia
2189:Portugal
1886:Slovenia
1873:Slovakia
1847:Portugal
1600:Bulgaria
1139:Quaestor
985:AGRIFISH
711:Opt-outs
382:Slovenia
369:Slovakia
343:Portugal
96:Bulgaria
21:a series
4729:EURODOC
4724:EURATOM
4649:Mission
4633:of the
4629:) is a
4483:Ireland
4453:History
4303:Romania
4195:Ireland
4183:Hungary
4159:Germany
4135:Finland
4123:Estonia
4111:Denmark
4075:Croatia
4051:Belgium
4039:Austria
3785:Primacy
3712:Romania
3604:Ireland
3592:Hungary
3568:Germany
3544:Finland
3532:Estonia
3520:Denmark
3484:Croatia
3460:Belgium
3448:Austria
3254:Iceland
3185:Romania
3077:Ireland
3065:Hungary
3041:Germany
3017:Finland
3005:Estonia
2993:Denmark
2956:Croatia
2932:Belgium
2920:Austria
2879:Ireland
2783:Iceland
2710:Romania
2593:Hungary
2567:Germany
2541:Finland
2528:Estonia
2515:Denmark
2489:Croatia
2463:Belgium
2450:Austria
2412:Romania
2397:Hungary
2392:Denmark
2387:Czechia
2105:Ireland
2081:Germany
2057:Finland
2045:Estonia
2021:Croatia
2009:Belgium
1997:Austria
1860:Romania
1743:Ireland
1730:Hungary
1704:Germany
1678:Finland
1665:Estonia
1652:Denmark
1613:Croatia
1587:Belgium
1574:Austria
1553:Euratom
1282:Lagarde
1194:Rulings
1184:Members
1106:S&D
1086:Metsola
1075:Members
1054:COREPER
940:Hungary
835:Parties
831:(ALDE)
693:(2007)
515:Ukraine
467:Moldova
455:Georgia
431:Albania
356:Romania
239:Ireland
226:Hungary
200:Germany
174:Finland
161:Estonia
148:Denmark
109:Croatia
83:Belgium
70:Austria
4627:DG RTD
4464:Brexit
4351:Sweden
4279:Poland
4219:Latvia
4171:Greece
4147:France
4087:Cyprus
3877:Energy
3840:Budget
3780:Acquis
3760:Sweden
3688:Poland
3628:Latvia
3580:Greece
3556:France
3496:Cyprus
3287:Topics
3280:Norway
3278:
3265:
3252:
3233:Sweden
3161:Poland
3101:Latvia
3053:Greece
3029:France
2969:Cyprus
2877:
2866:Cyprus
2864:
2820:
2809:Norway
2807:
2794:
2781:
2762:Sweden
2760:
2747:
2734:
2721:
2708:
2695:
2684:Poland
2682:
2669:
2656:
2643:
2630:
2619:Latvia
2617:
2604:
2591:
2580:Greece
2578:
2565:
2554:France
2552:
2539:
2526:
2513:
2500:
2487:
2474:
2461:
2448:
2407:Sweden
2402:Poland
2362:ERM II
2129:Latvia
2093:Greece
2069:France
2033:Cyprus
1945:
1932:
1912:Sweden
1910:
1897:
1884:
1871:
1858:
1845:
1834:Poland
1832:
1819:
1806:
1793:
1780:
1769:Latvia
1767:
1754:
1741:
1728:
1717:Greece
1715:
1702:
1691:France
1689:
1676:
1663:
1650:
1637:
1626:Cyprus
1624:
1611:
1598:
1585:
1572:
1129:Bureau
1025:Voting
995:COMPET
973:ECOFIN
829:Michel
795:(2004)
781:(1992)
775:(1985)
687:(2007)
681:(2001)
675:(1997)
669:(1992)
663:(1986)
657:(1983)
651:(1965)
645:(1957)
639:(1957)
633:(1956)
627:(1951)
621:(1951)
615:(1950)
559:Kosovo
537:Turkey
503:Serbia
408:Sweden
406:
393:
380:
367:
354:
341:
330:Poland
328:
315:
302:
289:
276:
265:Latvia
263:
250:
237:
224:
213:Greece
211:
198:
187:France
185:
172:
159:
146:
133:
122:Cyprus
120:
107:
94:
81:
68:
4747:(ERC)
4741:(EIT)
4339:Spain
4255:Malta
4207:Italy
3748:Spain
3664:Malta
3616:Italy
3221:Spain
3137:Malta
3089:Italy
2749:Spain
2658:Malta
2606:Italy
2225:Spain
2165:Malta
2117:Italy
1899:Spain
1808:Malta
1756:Italy
1400:ESFS
990:EPSCO
868:(EPP)
395:Spain
304:Malta
252:Italy
4621:The
3421:2019
3416:2014
3411:2009
3406:2004
3401:1999
3396:1994
3391:1989
3386:1984
3381:1979
1287:ESCB
1005:ENVI
761:2020
757:1984
746:2011
742:2005
738:2003
734:1994
730:1985
726:1979
722:1972
587:EU 3
55:(27)
4512:G20
3773:Law
1292:EMU
1096:EPP
1015:EYC
1010:JHA
1000:TTE
968:FAC
963:GAC
4863::
4507:G7
4455:)
1084::
1037::
949:)
889::
864::
827::
759:,
744:,
740:,
736:,
732:,
728:,
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4842:.
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4485:)
4481:(
4451:(
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3787:(
1112:)
1108:(
1102:)
1098:(
1077:)
1073:(
945:(
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