196:(EURL ECVAM) validation projects, including aspects of training and dissemination, and the identification of methods that have a potential to reduce, refine or replace animals used for scientific purposes. Any EU laboratory is allowed to apply as long as they follow the eligibility criteria listed by the EC, such as sufficient scientific staff, adequate equipment and GLP/or ISO certificates. As of March 2016, there are 38 test facilities:
127:
22:
654:
1047:
64:
82:
Because it is a
Directive, it allows Member States certain flexibility in transposition of national rules. The status of the implementation of the new Directive in the EU is described by the EC General Environment Directorate. Purposes of this Directive are to provide scope (via Articles 1 & 3),
118:
beings, pay full regard to the welfare of animals, while respecting the legislative or administrative provisions and customs of the Member States relating in particular to religious rites, cultural traditions and regional heritage". As with most EU legislation when animal welfare is not respected;
70:
The
Directive repealed Directive 86/609/EEC. It took nearly two years to revise, beginning in November 2008. It was finalised and signed on 22 September 2010, coming into force on 9 November 2010. Member States were then allowed one year to transpose it into their own words before it became
119:
one must refer a complaint directly to the Member State. Promotion and use of alternative animal testing methods and 3Rs are written elsewhere within EU legislation (e.g. REACH, Cosmetics, PPP, Biocides ...). EU agencies (ECHA, EMA, EFSA) also contribute to the protection of
83:
harmonise the current EU understanding of what defines an animal (Article 1.3), map resources, identify competent people and authorities (Articles 47.5 & 48), establish a common framework, and promote collaboration of the Member States with the
275:
873:
464:"EUNETVAL (European Union Network of Laboratories for the Validation of Alternative Methods) – Institute for Health and Consumer Protection – (JRC-IHCP), European Commission"
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835:
485:
279:
550:
1098:
438:
933:
181:: Member States shall assist the Commission in identifying and nominating suitable specialised and qualified laboratories to carry out such validation studies.
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908:
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36:(EU) legislation "on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes" and is one of the most stringent ethical and welfare standards worldwide.
898:
1053:
744:
719:
628:
1108:
350:"Comparative analysis of the revised directive 2010/63/EU for the protection of laboratory animals with its predecessor 86/609/EEC–a t4 report"
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678:
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193:(EU-NETVAL) EU-NETVAL's primary role is to provide support for the European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing
543:
190:
In July 2013, the
Commission announced the creation of European Union Network of Laboratories for the Validation of Alternative Methods
1113:
918:
39:
The
Directive repealed Directive 86/609/EEC. It became formally applied across the EU on 1 January 2013. It protects live non-human
923:
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European
Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes
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1103:
1059:
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729:
67:(ETS123) established in 1986. The EU is a party to this convention as are several EU and non-EU members.
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253:
958:
276:"EuroScience supports Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes"
131:
173:: "Principle of replacement, reduction and refinement" first described by Russell and Burch in 1959.
25:
Directive 2010/63/EU is the
European Union legislation that protects animals being used in research.
205:
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and research, but rather that "In formulating and implementing the Union's agriculture, fisheries,
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511:"European Union network of laboratories for the validation of alternative methods"
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114:, and space policies, the Union and the Member States shall, since animals are
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146:: The new EU Directive applies to the following animals: (a) live non-human
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from the last third of their normal development, and live cephalopods.
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from the last third of their normal development; (b) live cephalopods.
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229:
221:
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The ultimate aim of the
Directive is to replace animals in research.
48:
254:"Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council"
151:
44:
20:
528:
532:
186:
Laboratories for the
Validation of Alternative Methods
390:"Animals used for scientific purposes – Environment"
130:
The
Directive now protects cephalopods such as this
1035:
982:
854:
803:
753:
702:
661:
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91:in the EU as a European value in Article 13 of the
71:formally applied across the EU on 1 January 2013.
836:Laboratory animal suppliers in the United Kingdom
414:The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique
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297:
150:animals, including: (i) independently feeding
934:Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
544:
8:
551:
537:
529:
93:Treaty of the Functioning of the EU (TFEU)
899:Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing
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1054:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986
745:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
629:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
256:. Official Journal of the European Union
125:
98:Animal welfare is not an EU policy area
245:
166:: The Directive refers directly to the
1048:Animal Experimentation Convention 1986
466:. European Commission. 20 January 2014
1099:Animal welfare and rights legislation
411:Russell, W.M.S.; Burch, R.L. (1959).
7:
929:New England Anti-Vivisection Society
589:Animal testing on non-human primates
392:. European Commission. 11 April 2014
327:"EURLex – 31986L0609 – EN – EUR-Lex"
1119:European Union directives by number
720:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act
278:. EuroScience. 2015. Archived from
919:Foundation for Biomedical Research
14:
924:National Anti-Vivisection Society
652:
236:(2) and the United Kingdom (2).
212:(1), France (3), (Germany) (6),
154:forms; and (ii) foetal forms of
43:including independently feeding
579:Animal testing on invertebrates
307:. Understanding Animal Research
1109:Alternatives to animal testing
869:Americans for Medical Progress
574:Alternatives to animal testing
123:used for scientific purposes.
110:, internal markets, research,
59:The Directive is based on the
1:
974:Understanding Animal Research
773:Cambridge University primates
634:Testing cosmetics on animals
102:as for example agriculture,
964:Stop Sequani Animal Testing
735:International primate trade
513:. European Commission. 2016
1135:
1066:Animal Welfare Act of 1966
1043:Animal testing regulations
904:Cruelty Free International
864:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
811:Charles River Laboratories
614:History of model organisms
604:Animal testing regulations
47:forms and foetal forms of
16:European Union legislation
1114:European Union directives
740:Laboratory animal allergy
650:
624:Laboratory animal sources
609:History of animal testing
599:Animal testing on rodents
594:Animal testing on rabbits
367:10.14573/altex.2010.4.285
112:technological development
969:Research Defence Society
831:Labcorp Drug Development
826:Huntingdon Life Sciences
329:. Eur Lex. 11 April 2014
1060:Animal Welfare Act 1999
939:Primate Freedom Project
884:Animal Free Research UK
584:Animal testing on frogs
730:Great ape research ban
139:
136:Sepioteuthis sepioidea
26:
788:Silver Spring monkeys
491:. European Commission
444:. European Commission
129:
24:
1072:Directive 2010/63/EU
959:Speaking of Research
348:Hartung, T. (2010).
305:"European Directive"
216:(1), Italy (8), the
132:Caribbean reef squid
30:Directive 2010/63/EU
1050:(Council of Europe)
725:Biomedical Research
417:. Methuen, London.
206:European Commission
778:Monkey Drug Trials
644:Toxicology testing
140:
121:laboratory animals
27:
1081:
1080:
61:Council of Europe
1126:
794:Unnecessary Fuss
768:Brown Dog affair
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282:on 10 April 2021
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228:(1), Spain (3),
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1012:Neal D. Barnard
992:Colin Blakemore
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694:Syrian hamsters
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1104:Animal testing
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1007:Ingrid Newkirk
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783:Pit of despair
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715:Animal welfare
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560:Animal testing
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486:"EURL ECVAM's"
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439:"EURL ECVAM's"
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360:(4): 285–303.
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202:Czech Republic
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89:animal welfare
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34:European Union
15:
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1131:
1120:
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1094:Animal rights
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1022:Simon Festing
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754:Controversial
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710:Animal rights
708:
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674:Invertebrates
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567:Main articles
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424:0-900767-78-2
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1071:
1017:Jerry Vlasak
1002:Gill Langley
792:
515:. Retrieved
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493:. Retrieved
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468:. Retrieved
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446:. Retrieved
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394:. Retrieved
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331:. Retrieved
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309:. Retrieved
284:. Retrieved
280:the original
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258:. Retrieved
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179:Article 47-2
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1036:Legislation
983:Writers and
756:experiments
495:26 February
448:26 February
234:Switzerland
218:Netherlands
144:Article 1.3
87:to promote
41:vertebrates
1088:Categories
997:Carl Cohen
894:Boyd Group
855:Groups and
662:Testing on
470:27 January
240:References
148:vertebrate
1027:Tipu Aziz
985:activists
857:campaigns
841:Nafovanny
804:Companies
260:16 August
164:Article 4
108:transport
104:fisheries
944:Pro-Test
846:Shamrock
763:Britches
679:Primates
639:Three Rs
396:24 April
376:21240470
333:24 April
226:Slovakia
169:Three Rs
116:sentient
689:Rodents
684:Rabbits
214:Hungary
210:Finland
198:Belgium
156:mammals
55:History
49:mammals
32:is the
821:Harlan
816:Envigo
703:Issues
517:19 May
421:
374:
311:18 May
286:18 May
230:Sweden
222:Poland
152:larval
100:per se
45:larval
954:SPEAK
879:AALAS
669:Frogs
619:IACUC
489:(PDF)
442:(PDF)
354:Altex
232:(1),
224:(2),
220:(2),
208:(1),
204:(1),
171:(3Rs)
78:Scope
1074:(EU)
1068:(US)
1062:(NZ)
1056:(UK)
949:SHAC
909:PETA
874:AAAS
519:2016
497:2014
472:2014
450:2014
419:ISBN
398:2014
372:PMID
335:2014
313:2016
288:2016
262:2020
200:(3)
914:ALF
889:ALF
362:doi
63:'s
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370:.
358:27
356:.
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296:^
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85:EC
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134:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
