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perpendicular to the ridge axis. If one views the seafloor between the fracture zones as conveyor belts carrying the ridge on each side of the rift away from the spreading center the action becomes clear. Crest depths of the old ridges, parallel to the current spreading center, will be older and
429:. The magnetic banding directly corresponds with the Earth's polar reversals. This was confirmed by measuring the ages of the rocks within each band. The banding furnishes a map in time and space of both spreading rate and polar reversals.
252:
Over millions of years, tectonic plates may move many hundreds of kilometers away from both sides of a divergent plate boundary. Because of this, rocks closest to a boundary are younger than rocks further away on the same plate.
249:
or lava flows. Each eruption occurs in only a part of the plate boundary at any one time, but when it does occur, it fills in the opening gap as the two opposing plates move away from each other.
377:. Divergent boundaries can create massive fault zones in the oceanic ridge system. Spreading is generally not uniform, so where spreading rates of adjacent ridge blocks are different, massive
409:
on opposite sides of ridge centers. The pattern was far too regular to be coincidental as the widths of the opposing bands were too closely matched. Scientists had been studying
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Langmuir, Charles H.; Klein, Emily M.; Plank, Terry (2013). "Petrological
Systematics of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts: Constraints on Melt Generation Beneath Ocean Ridges".
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At divergent boundaries, two plates move away from each other and the space that this creates is filled with new crustal material sourced from molten
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It is at mid-ocean ridges that one of the key pieces of evidence forcing acceptance of the seafloor spreading hypothesis was found. Airborne
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358:. Here, exceedingly large convective cells bring very large quantities of hot asthenospheric material near the surface, and the
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beneath each divergent plate boundary. This supplies the area with huge amounts of heat and a reduction in pressure that melts
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Divergent boundaries are typified in the oceanic lithosphere by the rifts of the oceanic ridge system, including the
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547: â A geological process at convergent tectonic plate boundaries where one plate moves under the other
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389:. A seafloor map will show a rather strange pattern of blocky structures that are separated by
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Linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
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Map of Earth's principal plates (divergent boundaries shown as red or pink lines)
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Sinton, John M.; Detrick, Robert S. (1992). "Mid-ocean ridge magma chambers".
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Oceanic divergent boundary: mid-ocean ridge (cross-section/cut-away view)
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is sometimes thought to be associated with the phenomenon known as
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that are moving away from each other. Divergent boundaries within
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541: â Movement of Earth's continents relative to each other
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is thought to be sufficient to break apart the lithosphere.
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that forms below. The origin of new divergent boundaries at
210:. Most active divergent plate boundaries occur between
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Continental-continental divergent/constructive boundary
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Mantle Flow and Melt
Generation at Mid-Ocean Ridges
86:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
569:. Geophysical Monograph Series. pp. 183â280.
1674:North West Shelf Operational Oceanographic System
385:, many bearing names, that are a major source of
405:surveys showed a strange pattern of symmetrical
1664:Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis
535: â Geological process at mid-ocean ridges
194:) is a linear feature that exists between two
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295:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
229:allows material to rise to the base of the
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315:Learn how and when to remove this message
146:Learn how and when to remove this message
647:"Mantle dynamics and seismic tomography"
394:deeper... (from thermal contraction and
221:Current research indicates that complex
24:This is an accepted version of this page
557:
245:) beneath the rift area, forming large
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995:one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations
7:
1942:
293:adding citations to reliable sources
84:adding citations to reliable sources
1822:National Oceanographic Data Center
1249:World Ocean Circulation Experiment
1137:Global Ocean Data Analysis Project
49:
1669:Global Sea Level Observing System
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1941:
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1127:Geochemical Ocean Sections Study
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60:
1857:Ocean thermal energy conversion
1580:VineâMatthewsâMorley hypothesis
608:Journal of Geophysical Research
427:MorleyâVineâMatthews hypothesis
71:needs additional citations for
1:
1117:El NiñoâSouthern Oscillation
1087:CraikâLeibovich vortex force
843:Luke's variational principle
651:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
1996:
1182:Ocean dynamical thermostat
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510:Other plate boundary types
499:West Antarctic Rift System
465:- incipient plate boundary
459:- incipient plate boundary
206:, which eventually become
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1717:Ocean acoustic tomography
1530:MohoroviÄiÄ discontinuity
1122:General circulation model
758:BenjaminâFeir instability
413:and the link was made by
1847:Ocean surface topography
1222:Thermohaline circulation
1212:Subsurface ocean current
1152:Hydrothermal circulation
985:Waveâcurrent interaction
763:Boussinesq approximation
184:divergent plate boundary
31:latest accepted revision
1884:Sea surface temperature
1867:Outline of oceanography
1062:Atmospheric circulation
1000:shallow water equations
990:Waves and shallow water
883:Significant wave height
494:Pacific-Antarctic Ridge
423:Drummond Hoyle Matthews
1879:Sea surface microlayer
1244:Wind generated current
672:10.1073/pnas.210382197
504:Southeast Indian Ridge
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1712:Deep scattering layer
1694:World Geodetic System
1202:Princeton Ocean Model
1082:CoriolisâStokes force
732:Physical oceanography
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387:submarine earthquakes
381:occur. These are the
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188:constructive boundary
169:
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1732:Underwater acoustics
1292:Perigean spring tide
1157:Langmuir circulation
868:Rossby-gravity waves
645:(November 7, 2000).
289:improve this section
192:extensional boundary
95:"Divergent boundary"
80:improve this article
1894:Science On a Sphere
1500:Convergent boundary
1172:Modular Ocean Model
1132:Geostrophic current
848:Mild-slope equation
663:2000PNAS...9712409T
620:1992JGR....97..197S
516:Convergent boundary
419:Frederick John Vine
21:Page version status
1550:Seafloor spreading
1540:Outer trench swell
1505:Divergent boundary
1405:Continental margin
1390:Carbonate platform
1287:Lunitidal interval
641:Toshiro Tanimoto;
575:10.1029/GM071p0183
533:Seafloor spreading
521:Transform boundary
489:Juan de Fuca Ridge
447:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
443:
415:Lawrence W. Morley
407:magnetic reversals
367:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
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331:Bridge across the
216:mid-oceanic ridges
202:initially produce
180:divergent boundary
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1959:Oceans portal
1919:World Ocean Atlas
1909:Underwater glider
1852:Ocean temperature
1515:Hydrothermal vent
1480:Submarine volcano
1415:Continental shelf
1395:Coastal geography
1385:Bathymetric chart
1267:Amphidromic point
955:Wave nonlinearity
813:Infragravity wave
628:10.1029/91JB02508
539:Continental drift
469:East Pacific Rise
463:East African Rift
375:Great Rift Valley
371:East Pacific Rise
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186:(also known as a
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39:15 September 2024
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1874:Pelagic sediment
1812:Marine pollution
1606:Deep ocean water
1475:Submarine canyon
1410:Continental rise
1302:Rule of twelfths
1217:Sverdrup balance
1147:Humboldt Current
1072:Boundary current
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853:Radiation stress
823:Iribarren number
798:Equatorial waves
753:Ballantine scale
748:Airy wave theory
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657:(23): 12409â10.
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1312:Theory of tides
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1162:Longshore drift
1112:Ekman transport
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391:linear features
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176:plate tectonics
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383:fracture zones
360:kinetic energy
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305:September 2024
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1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1035:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
992:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
975:Wave shoaling
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
935:Ursell number
933:
931:
928:
924:
921:
920:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
818:Internal wave
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
768:Breaking wave
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
745:
743:
741:
737:
733:
726:
721:
719:
714:
712:
707:
706:
703:
692:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
637:
634:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
602:
599:
594:
592:9781118663875
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
561:
558:
551:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
530:
526:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
509:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
439:
432:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
341:
338:in southwest
337:
334:
329:
319:
316:
308:
298:
294:
290:
284:
283:
279:
274:This section
272:
268:
263:
262:
256:
254:
250:
248:
244:
240:
239:asthenosphere
236:
232:
228:
224:
219:
217:
214:and exist as
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
168:
160:
150:
147:
139:
136:February 2016
128:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
107:
104:
100:
97: â
96:
92:
91:Find sources:
85:
81:
75:
74:
69:This article
67:
63:
58:
57:
54:
40:
36:
32:
25:
1914:Water column
1862:Oceanography
1837:Observations
1832:Explorations
1802:Marginal sea
1795:
1753:OSTM/Jason-2
1585:Volcanic arc
1560:Slab suction
1504:
1277:Head of tide
1167:Loop Current
1107:Ekman spiral
893:Stokes drift
803:Gravity wave
778:Cnoidal wave
654:
650:
636:
611:
607:
601:
566:
560:
474:Gakkel Ridge
452:Red Sea Rift
400:
364:
345:
311:
302:
287:Please help
275:
251:
247:flood basalt
243:upper mantle
220:
208:rift valleys
191:
187:
183:
179:
173:
142:
133:
123:
116:
109:
102:
90:
78:Please help
73:verification
70:
53:
38:
29:This is the
23:
1904:Thermocline
1621:Mesopelagic
1594:Ocean zones
1565:Slab window
1430:Hydrography
1370:Abyssal fan
1337:Tidal range
1327:Tidal power
1322:Tidal force
1207:Rip current
1142:Gulf Stream
1102:Ekman layer
1092:Downwelling
1067:Baroclinity
1054:Circulation
950:Wave height
940:Wave action
923:megatsunami
903:Stokes wave
863:Rossby wave
828:Kelvin wave
808:Green's law
614:(B1): 197.
403:geomagnetic
336:rift valley
257:Description
231:lithosphere
225:within the
1842:Reanalysis
1741:Satellites
1722:Sofar bomb
1570:Subduction
1545:Ridge push
1440:Ocean bank
1420:Contourite
1347:Tide gauge
1332:Tidal race
1317:Tidal bore
1307:Slack tide
1272:Earth tide
1192:Ocean gyre
1012:Wind setup
1007:Wind fetch
970:Wave setup
965:Wave radar
960:Wave power
858:Rogue wave
788:Dispersion
643:Thorne Lay
583:10161/8316
552:References
396:subsidence
223:convection
200:continents
106:newspapers
1704:Acoustics
1656:Sea level
1555:Slab pull
1492:tectonics
1400:Cold seep
1362:Landforms
1239:Whirlpool
1234:Upwelling
1017:Wind wave
945:Wave base
873:Sea state
793:Edge wave
783:Cross sea
276:does not
237:from the
1974:Category
1937:Category
1889:Seawater
1616:Littoral
1611:Deep sea
1470:Seamount
1352:Tideline
1297:Rip tide
1227:shutdown
1197:Overflow
930:Undertow
773:Clapotis
691:11035784
527:See also
433:Examples
369:and the
356:hotspots
35:reviewed
1947:Commons
1817:Mooring
1767:Related
1758:Jason-3
1748:Jason-1
1631:Pelagic
1626:Oceanic
1601:Benthic
918:Tsunami
888:Soliton
659:Bibcode
616:Bibcode
425:in the
340:Iceland
333:ĂlfagjĂĄ
297:removed
282:sources
120:scholar
1636:Photic
1465:Seabed
878:Seiche
689:
679:
589:
190:or an
122:
115:
108:
101:
93:
1827:Ocean
1796:Alvin
1646:Swash
1490:Plate
1435:Knoll
1425:Guyot
1380:Atoll
1259:Tides
1022:model
908:Swell
740:Waves
682:34063
348:magma
204:rifts
127:JSTOR
113:books
1794:DSV
1779:Argo
1641:Surf
1097:Eddy
687:PMID
587:ISBN
421:and
280:any
278:cite
241:(or
235:rock
178:, a
99:news
677:PMC
667:doi
624:doi
579:hdl
571:doi
398:).
291:by
182:or
174:In
82:by
37:on
1976::
685:.
675:.
665:.
655:97
653:.
649:.
622:.
612:97
610:.
585:.
577:.
417:,
218:.
33:,
724:e
717:t
710:v
693:.
669::
661::
630:.
626::
618::
595:.
581::
573::
318:)
312:(
307:)
303:(
299:.
285:.
149:)
143:(
138:)
134:(
124:·
117:·
110:·
103:·
76:.
41:.
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