1205:
1181:
232:
1193:
1220:
1126:
20:
206:) in Indo-European myths. The two brothers are generally depicted as healers and helpers, travelling in miraculous vehicles to save shipwrecked mortals. They are often differentiated: one is represented as a physically strong and aggressive warrior, while the other is seen as a healer who rather gives attention to domestic duties, agrarian pursuits, or romantic adventures.
827:
4396:
911:("Oak Tearer") died in the forest, where wild animals took care of them. Waligóra was raised of by a she-wolf and Wyrwidąb by a she-bear, who fed them with their own milk. Together, they defeated the dragon who tormented the kingdom, for which the grateful king gave each of them half of the kingdom and one of his two daughters as a wife. The sons of
805:(folksong), and is seen as the groom of Saules meita ("daughter of the sun"), who came all the way to Germany to court her. In addition, according to scholar Elza Kokare, Auseklis belongs to a group of heavenly deities that take part in a mythological drama about a "celestial wedding". Auseklis is seen as a groom of
1063:
The most prevalent functions associated with the twins in later myths are magic healers and physicians, sailors and saviours at sea, warriors and providers of divine aid in battle, controllers of weather and keepers of the wind, assistants at birth with a connection to fertility, divinities of dance,
991:
Scholar Armen
Petrosyan also sees possible reflexes of the divine twins in other pairs of heroic brothers in Armenian epic tradition, e.g., Ar(a)maneak and Ar(a)mayis; Eruand (Yervant) and Eruaz (Yervaz). In the same vein, Sargis Haroutyunian argues that the Armenian heroes, as well as twins Izzadin
961:
epic, Nakula is described in terms of his exceptional beauty, warriorship and martial prowess, while
Sahadeva is depicted as patient, wise, intelligent and a "learned man". Nakula takes great interest in Virata's horses, and his brother Sahadeva become Virata's cowherd. Scholarship also points out
209:
In the Vedic, Greek and Baltic traditions, the Divine Twins similarly appear as the personifications of the morning and evening star. They are depicted as the lovers or the companions of a solar female deity, preferably the Sun's daughter but sometimes also the Dawn. In the majority of the stories
213:
During the night, the Divine Twins were said to return to the east in a golden boat, where they traversed a sea to bring back the rising sun each morning. During the day, they crossed the nocturnal sky in pursuit of their consort, the morning star. In what seems to be a later addition confined to
617:
In
Scandinavia, images of divine twins are attested from 15th century BCE until the 8th century CE, after which they disappear, apparently as a result of religious change. Norse texts contain no identifiable divine twins, though scholars have looked for parallels among gods and heroes.
110:(PIE) name of the Divine Twins cannot be reconstructed with certainty based on the available linguistic evidence, the most frequent epithets associated with the two brothers in liturgic and poetic traditions are the "Youthful" and the "Descendants" (sons or grandsons) of the Sky-God (
988:); Sanasar finds a "fiery horse", is more warlike than his brother, and becomes the progenitor of a dynasty of heroes. In an alternate account, their mother is named princess Saṙan, who drinks water from a horse's footprint and gives birth to both heroes.
4134:
Goetinck, Glenys, "The divine twins and mediaeval Welsh literature", in: Hily, Gaël, Patrice Lajoye, and Joël Hascoët (eds.), Deuogdonion: mélanges offerts en l'honneur du professeur Claude
Sterckx, Publication du CRBC Rennes 2, Rennes: Tir, 2010.
813:
and variations) because of Meness's quarreling. In other accounts, he is a guest or member of the bridal cortege at the wedding of Saules meita with another character. He is also said to own a horse, bought by him or for him. According to
1166:. Its distribution as decoration on roof ridges is also reflected in the coats of arms of several north Germany towns and villages. These crossed horseheads are said to be "an old pagan symbol". This symbol, also named "Gable Cross" (
1104:
sources, contained some remnants of Helen and her brothers, the
Dioskouroi, in the characters of the wonder-children (triplets or two male/one female siblings) with astronomical motifs on their bodies. The idea is reiterated in
698:). In keeping with the theme of distinction between the twins, Amphion was said to be the more contemplative, sensitive one, whereas Zethus was more masculine and tied to physical pursuits, like hunting and cattle-breeding.
467:
while in late pregnancy. As a talented rider, she wins the race but starts giving birth to Fír and Fial immediately after crossing the finish line. The archetype is also partly matched by figures such as the Gallic sun god
193:
Represented as young men rescuing mortals from peril in battle or at sea, the Divine Twins rode the steeds that pull the sun across the sky and were sometimes depicted as horses themselves. They shared a sister, the Dawn
1158:: the point of the gables consists of carved wooden boards in the shape of (stylised) horses' heads, often serving to protect the edges of the roof from the wind. The horses' heads are attributed to the symbol of the
416:
are said to be protective deities and "the Gallic equivalents" of the Greek
Dioskouroi. They seem to be represented in monuments and reliefs in France flanked by horses, which would make them comparable to Gaulish
598:. These twins can be associated with the Indo-European myth of the divine twin horsemen (Dioscuri) attested in various Indo-European cultures. Among later Germanic peoples, twin founding figures such as
388:
Since they cannot be linked together to a common linguistic origin, other reflexes found in the Indo-European myths are less secure, although their motifs can be compared to that of the Divine Twins.
4200:
The 13th Annual
International Conference on Comparative Mythology of the International Association for Comparative Mythology - Mythology of Metamorphoses: Comparative & Theoretical Perspectives
896:
meaning "strength," with first being "Lord of strength" – the stronger one, and the other "Lord in need of support (strength)" – the weaker one. They both have five faces each and appear alongside
1147:
or little horses, are common motifs on
Lithuanian rooftops, placed for protection of the house. Similar motifs can also be found on beehives, harnesses, bed frames, and other household objects.
1092:
4428:
1052:, the "sons of Jupiter". There might also have been a worship of twin deities in Myceanean times, based on the presence of myths and stories about pairs of brothers or male twins in
2772:
The New
Comparative Mythology: An Anthropological Assessment of the Theories of Georges Dumézil - Revised Edition. C. Scott Littleton. University of California Press. 1973. p. 209.
1070:. In Belarusian folklore, Saints George and Nicholas are paired up together, associated with horses, and have a dual nature as healers. The veneration of the Slavic saint brothers
1204:
818:'s analysis, Auseklis is a "dievaitis" ('little god') that appears with a horse the Sun gave him, and falls in love with the daughter of the (female) Sun ("Saules dukterims").
3369:
Banaszkiewicz, Jacek (1996). "Pan Rugii - Rugiewit i jego towarzysze z Gardźca: Porewit i
Porenut (Saxo Gramatyk, Gesta Danorum XIV, 39,38-41)". In Kurnatowska, Zofia (ed.).
2649:. Modzelewski, Karol, 1937-2019., Słupecki, Leszek Paweł, 1956-, Pieniądz-Skrzypczak, Aneta. (Wyd. 3., zm., rozszerz ed.). Warszawa: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
3431:"The Sumerians and Gemini: Sumerian Astronomical Interpretations as Origins of the Divine Horse Twins and Solar Chariots in Indo-European Mythology (Unpublished manuscript)"
3186:"The Sumerians and Gemini: Sumerian Astronomical Interpretations as Origins of the Divine Horse Twins and Solar Chariots in Indo-European Mythology (Unpublished manuscript)"
705:, Rhea Silvia, placed them in a basket before her death, which she put in the river to protect them from murder, before they were found by the she-wolf who raised them. The
214:
Europe, they were said to take a rest at the end of the day on the "Isles of the Blessed", a land seating in the western sea which possessed magical apple orchards. By the
4654:
1863:
3416:. Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft. Vol. 14. Auslieferung: Institut für Vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft der Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck.
1867:
515:
suggested that two heroes, Feradach and Foltlebar, brothers and sons of the king of Innia, are expressions of the mytheme. These heroes help the expedition of the
4332:"Patroklos "Concepts of afterlife, and the Indic triple fire" and "Phaethon, Sappho's Phaon, and the White Rock of Leukas: 'Reading' the symbols of Greek lyric""
1064:
protectors of the oath, and founders of cities, sometimes related to swans. Scholarship suggests that the mytheme of twins has echoes in the medieval legend of
3430:
3185:
3281:
861:
means "strong youth" in Russian dialect. The brightest stars of the Gemini constellation, α Gem and β Gem, are thought to have been originally named
2325:
2259:
4414:
738:
as "λευκίππους κόρους" ("white-horsed youths") and said they were born from a silver egg, a story that recalls the myth of Greek divine twins
436:
mentions that Atlantic Celts venerated the "Dioskouroi" above all other gods and that they had visited them from across the Ocean. Historian
42:
Like other Proto-Indo-European divinities, the Divine Twins are not directly attested by archaeological or written materials, but scholars of
4217:
3872:
3808:
3620:
3535:
3515:
3359:
3334:
3135:. Cambridge University Press. 1925. Vol. II: Zeus, God of the Dark Sky (Thunder and Lightning). Part II: Appendixes and Index. pp. 1003–1019.
3119:
2836:
2737:
2619:
2577:
2474:
2384:
2363:
2288:
2243:
3170:
Tumėnas, Vytautas. ""Žirgelių" ornamento semantinis laukas" [Semantic field of „žirgeliai“ (gable decoration resembling horse’s head)]. In:
1946:
446:, writes that the Celts who dwelt along the ocean worshipped the Dioscuroi "more than the other gods". The conjecture that it refers to the
3928:. Edited by George Cardona, Henry M. Hoenigswald and Alfred Senn. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016 . pp. 405–420.
1219:
1180:
4445:
1880:
MacLeod, Sharon Paice. “A Confluence of Wisdom: The Symbolism of Wells, Whirlpools, Waterfalls and Rivers in Early Celtic Sources”. In:
4450:
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3400:
4001:
Davidson, Olga M. (1987). "Aspects of Dioscurism in Iranian kingship: The case of Lohrasp and Goshtasp in the Shāhnāme of Ferdowsi".
3791:
Kristiansen, Kristian (2011). "Bridging India and Scandinavia: Institutional Transmission and Elite Conquest during the Bronze Age".
3110:
Marinas, Enrique Santos. "Communicating an Indo-European Myth to the Christian Kievan Rus’: Boris and Gleb as the Divine Twins". In:
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where they appear, the Divine Twins rescue the Dawn from a watery peril, a theme that emerged from their role as the solar steeds.
633:, may contain several motifs of the Indo-European twin mytheme (being founders and brothers), also paralleling Hengist and Horsa.
4680:
4421:
3742:
3691:
3595:
3559:
2781:
Stealing Helen: The Myth of the Abducted Wife in Comparative Perspective. Lowell Edmunds. Princeton University Press. 2016. p. 77
1414:. Edited by George Cardona, Henry M. Hoenigswald and Alfred Senn. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016 . p. 416.
1033:
The mytheme of the Divine Twins was widely popular in the Indo-European traditions; evidence for their worship can be found from
2515:
4331:
4311:
4284:
4264:
2934:
Petrosyan, Armen (2012). "First Capitals of Armenia and Georgia: Armawir and Armazi (Problems of Early Ethnic Associations)".
243:
of equestrian twins, all associated with the dawn or the sun's daughter. Although their names do not form a complete group of
4624:
1114:
626:
4497:
4492:
2339:
1303:
Claire Louise Wilkinson seems to agree with the theory that the twin pairs of Greek mythology hark back to a "common root".
554:). Atepomarus is presumed to mean "Great Horseman" or "having great horses", based on the possible presence of Celtic stem
429:
dedicatory epigraphs to Castor and Pollux, more than any other region of the Roman Empire, attest a cult of the Dioskoroi.
4437:
3926:
Indo-European and Indo-Europeans: Papers Presented at the Third Indo-European Conference at the University of Pennsylvania
2817:
1412:
Indo-European and Indo-Europeans: Papers Presented at the Third Indo-European Conference at the University of Pennsylvania
36:
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4475:
1670:
260:
107:
943:. Mothered by Princess Madri, who summoned the Aśvins themselves in a prayer to beget her sons (thus them being called
4062:
Gotō, Toshifumi (2006). "Aśvin- and Nāsatya- in the Ṛgveda and their prehistoric background". In Toshiki Osada (ed.).
3448:
Jackson, Peter (2002). "Light from Distant Asterisks. Towards a Description of the Indo-European Religious Heritage".
156:
2020:
908:
904:
3114:. Selected issue, scientific editors A. Dudziak, A. Zlobin, M. Payunena. Wydawnictwo UWM, Olsztyn. 2019. pp. 23-36.
1167:
4619:
3284:(in Lithuanian). Horse Museum – Branch of A. Baranauskas and A. Vienuolis-Žukauskas Memorial Museum. Archived from
1588:
1253:
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850:
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2790:
Hindu World: An Encyclopedic Survey of Hinduism. Volume II M-Z. Benjamin Walker. Routledge. 2019. Entry: "Pandava"
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was located, depicting two male figures joined with their heads. Scholars believe it may represent Lel and Polel.
2201:"Reflexes of Ancient Ideas about Divine Twins in the Images of Saints George and Nicholas in Belarusian Folklore"
1927:
1211:
1017:
512:
278:
4227:Назаров, Назарий А. (3 July 2017). "Следы индоевропейского близнечного мифа в формулах балто-славянских песен".
4609:
4465:
776:. He is associated with horses, the light and sun, and possibly one of the sons of Dievs. Historical linguist
4578:
4400:
3437:
3192:
4604:
4527:
3740:
Grottanelli, C. (1986). "Yoked Horses, Twins, and the Powerful Lady: India, Greece, Ireland and Elsewhere".
2451:
Studying Religions with the Iron Curtain Closed and Opened: the academia study of religion in eastern Europe
2311:
Witczak, K. T.; Zawiasa, D. "The Sicilian Palici as representatives of the indo-european divine twins". In:
2125:
Höfig, Verena (1 April 2018). "A Pre-Modern Nation? Icelanders' Ethnogenesis and Its Mythical Foundations".
4502:
2890:
2163:
Hoefig, Verena (2017). "Foundational Myth in Sturlubók: An Analysis of the Tale of Ingólfr and Hjörleifr".
2044:"XIII. Religion, culture, identité. Mais où sont les druides d'autan... ? (DHA, 11, 1985, p. 557-604)"
4048:
3630:
3593:
Shapiro, Michael (1982). "Neglected evidence of Dioscurism (divine twinning) in the Old Slavic pantheon".
3285:
1230:
4512:
3252:
873:
4675:
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3161:. London: Published for the Folk-lore society by Elliot Stock. 1889. Notes on Folk-tale nr. 11. pp. 338.
2943:
2916:
984:
889:
630:
442:
47:
43:
4507:
4202:. June 10–14, 2019, Estonian Literary Museum, Tartu, Estonia. p. 16. (conference paper abstract).
3667:
4690:
4014:
Nikolaev, Alexander (2012). "Avestan Haēcat̰.aspa-, Rigveda 4.43, and the Myth of the Divine Twins".
3668:"Las tres funciones dumezilianas y el mito de los mellizos divinos de la tradición indoeuropea en el"
3218:
1106:
1007:
888:, manifest dioscuric characteristics. According to him, the first part of their names derives from a
799:
is the other reflex of the mytheme in Latvian. Auseklis is referred to as male in the context of the
686:
603:
302:
4517:
4053:
3684:
Il senso del culto dei Dioscuri in Italia. Atti del Convegno svoltosi a Taranto nell'aprile del 1979
3350:
Andrén, Anders (2020). "Divine Twins". In Schjødt, Jens Peter; Lindow, John; Andrén, Anders (eds.).
231:
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1087:
735:
622:
501:
433:
163:
4183:
3076:
Reisman, Edward S. (April 1978). "The Cult of Boris and Gleb: Remnant of a Varangian Tradition?".
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1857:
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1643:
1608:
1470:
1393:
979:
975:
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182:
51:
4035:
3413:
Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft und Kulturkunde: Gedenkschrift für Wilhelm Brandenstein 1898-1967
606:
heroes are said to have come by the sea in response to a plea from the beleaguered British king
181:, although this form could also have emerged from later contacts between Proto-Indo-Iranian and
66:
proposed a set of common traits that pertain to divine twin pairs of Indo-European mythologies:
2354:
2043:
4213:
3868:
3804:
3779:
3638:
3616:
3579:
3573:
3531:
3511:
3484:
3417:
3396:
3374:
3355:
3330:
3310:
3260:
3115:
3048:
2870:
2832:
2743:
2733:
2660:
2650:
2615:
2573:
2497:
2470:
2380:
2359:
2294:
2284:
2239:
2176:
2025:
1942:
1845:
1835:
1793:
1675:
1482:
1046:
842:
773:
739:
702:
673:
599:
595:
344:
324:
4573:
4537:
3917:
Ward, D.J. "The Separate Functions of the Indo-European Divine Twins". in: Puhvel, J. (ed.).
401:
4236:
4151:
4121:
4023:
3944:
3796:
3769:
3706:
3501:
3457:
3410:Çabej, Eqrem (1968). "Gestalten des albanischen Volksglaubens". In Manfred Mayrhofer (ed.).
3226:
3209:
Straižys, Vytautas; Klimka, Libertas (February 1997). "The Cosmology of the Ancient Balts".
3085:
2970:
2413:
2212:
2168:
2134:
2001:
1971:
1774:
1747:
1720:
1635:
1600:
1155:
846:
743:
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twin deities fathered by Zeus in one account, may also be a reflex of the original mytheme.
651:
533:. Both are expert navigators: one can build a ship and the other can follow the wild birds.
483:
437:
354:
4480:
1922:
Krappe, Alexander Haggerty, “La poursuite du Gilla Dacker et les Dioscures celtiques”. In:
792:, Usins appears as a charioteer, conducting a chariot pulled by two horses across the sky.
529:
4649:
4639:
4614:
4599:
4563:
4558:
4139:
3826:
2590:
1258:
1243:
1170:), was possibly associated with legendary founders Hengist and Horsa, since it was called
1137:
849:(counterpart of the Greek Leda) and an unknown male god. An idol was found in 1969 on the
815:
722:
571:
498:
336:
218:, the Divine Twins were also represented as the coachmen of horse-driven solar chariots.
3222:
2679:
2547:
1125:
845:
in 1519, are presented as the equivalents of Castor and Pollux, the sons of the goddess
4629:
3979:
Chakravarty, Uma (1989). "THE AŚVINS: AN INCARNATION OF THE UNIVERSAL TWINSHIP MOTIF".
3774:
3757:
1591:(2011). "The instrumental case in the thematic noun inflection of Continental Celtic".
1262:
1071:
1066:
877:
677:
614:, their names mean 'Stallion' and 'Horse', respectively, strengthening the connection.
142:
63:
3722:
809:, a daughter of Saule, the female Baltic sun. Sometimes, he is deprived of his bride (
759:
4669:
4634:
4248:
4076:
4027:
3964:
3919:
Myth and Law Among the Indo-Europeans. Studies in Indo-European Comparative Mythology
3718:
3497:
3238:
2489:
2146:
1711:
Kleiner, Fred S.; Kleiner, Diana E. (1976). "Two Romans Provençal portrait reliefs".
1655:
1082:
Literary approaches to the mytheme of the Indo-European Divine Twins can be found in
1020:
and Halili – are considered to bear common traits of the Indo-European divine twins.
838:
789:
646:
329:
35:
are youthful horsemen, either gods or demigods, who serve as rescuers and healers in
978:
heroes Sanasar and Baldasar appear as twins in the epic tradition, born of princess
780:
argues he is "a functional and etymological counterpart" of a minor Vedic character
570:, after the crows. This myth is reported in the works of Klitophon of Rhodes and in
4335:
4315:
4288:
4268:
4142:(2016). ""Têtes jumelées" et jumeaux divins : essai d'iconographie celtique".
4063:
3608:
2716:. Tom I. w Warszawie: w Drukarni Piotra Baryckiego. 1837. pp. 167-173 and 203-204.
924:
641:
587:
4532:
4240:
3793:
Interweaving Worlds: Systemic Interactions in Eurasia, 7th to the 1st Millennia BC
2418:
2401:
1129:
998:), underlie the myth of divine twins: pairs of brother-founders of divine origin.
826:
310:
235:
Pair of Roman statuettes (3rd century AD) depicting the Dioscuri as horsemen.
122:
4207:
3924:
Ward, Donald J. "An Indo-European Mythological Theme in Germanic Tradition". In:
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3505:
3478:
3411:
2947:
2920:
2464:
2233:
1738:
Picard, Charles (1943). "Le bas-relief funéraire de Saint-Julien-lès-Martigues".
1604:
1410:
Ward, Donald J. "An Indo-European Mythological Theme in Germanic Tradition". In:
4406:
3527:
The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World
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1163:
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957:
459:
426:
19:
3710:
3557:
O'Brien, Steven (1982). "Dioscuric elements in Celtic and Germanic mythology".
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2138:
1045:. The motif was also adopted in non-Indo-European cultures, as attested by the
562:. They escape from Sereroneus and arrive at a hill. Momorus, who had skills in
4594:
4065:
Proceedings of the Pre-symposium of RIHN and 7th ESCA Harvard-Kyoto Roundtable
3882:
3818:
3480:
Kosova: The Albanians in Yugoslavia in Light of Historical Documents: An Essay
3461:
2803:. Bombay, Calcutta, New Delhi, Madras: Asia Publishing House. 1962. pp. 13-14.
2633:
Baltai priešistoriniais laikais: etnogenezė, materialinė kultūra ir mitologija
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994:
658:
637:
542:
474:
215:
3421:
2961:
Haroutyunian, Sargis (1997). "Armenian Epic Tradition and Kurdish Folklore".
2747:
2664:
2298:
251:
leading to a possible ancestral name or epithet: the 'sons or descendants of
4155:
4043:
Parpola, Asko (2005). "The Nasatyas, the chariot and Proto-Aryan religion".
3929:
3842:
Sternberg, Leo (1929). "Der antike Zwillingskult im Lichte der Ethnologie".
2974:
2891:
Genetic and Diffusional Themes in the Armenian Sasna Crer: The Sanasar Cycle
2005:
1849:
1765:
Hatt, Jean-Jacques (1965). "Essai sur l'évolution de la religion gauloise".
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897:
717:
681:
607:
591:
505:
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Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
1724:
558:'horse' in his name. Both appear as a pair of Celtic kings and founders of
286:
195:
118:
4395:
2278:
1975:
1909:
Dexter, Miriam Robbins. "The hippomorphic goddess and her offspring". In:
1778:
4304:
The Spartan Dioscuri: Their origins and development in the Hellenic world
3783:
1829:
1384:
Shapiro, Marianne (1990). ""Ami et Amile" and Myths of Divine Twinship".
1226:
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358:
318:
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3910:
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Etymologische Forschungen auf dem Gebiete der Indo-Germanischen Sprachen
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The Twin Horse Gods: The Dioskouroi in Mythologies of the Ancient World
3469:
2982:
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The Indo‑european and Ancient Near Eastern Sources of the Armenian Epic
1885:
1057:
948:
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885:
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680:. They are called "Dioskouroi, riders of white horses" (λευκόπωλοι) by
551:
524:
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24:
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3097:
2463:
Christensen, Lisbeth Bredholt; Hammer, Olav; Warburton, David (2014).
1647:
4568:
3544:
Neziri, Zymer U. (2008). Institute of Albanology of Prishtina (ed.).
1097:
1053:
936:
912:
854:
801:
768:
727:
710:
706:
563:
464:
372:
314:
3948:
2530:
239:
Three Indo-European traditions (Greek, Indic and Baltic) attest the
50:
generally agree on the motifs they have reconstructed by way of the
3089:
2864:
2447:
Development of the Study of Religion in Latvian in the 20th Century
1962:
Gricourt, Daniel; Hollard, Dominique (2002). "Lugus et le cheval".
1639:
661:
were two brothers who appear in many versions of Germanic legends.
463:
of Ard Macha), she is forced to race against the horses of King of
3575:
The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization
2048:
Collection de l'Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l'Antiquité
1816:
Diodorus of Sicily, with an English translation by C. H. Oldfather
1794:"Cultes gaulois et gallo-romains. 3. Dieux d'époque gallo-romaine"
1626:
Weinstock, Stefan (1960). "Two Archaic Inscriptions from Latium".
1159:
1101:
825:
454:
447:
365:
290:
252:
203:
130:
111:
18:
4334:. Greek Mythology and Poetics. Harvard University. Archived from
4314:. Greek Mythology and Poetics. Harvard University. Archived from
4287:. Greek Mythology and Poetics. Harvard University. Archived from
4267:. Greek Mythology and Poetics. Harvard University. Archived from
2570:
The Routledge dictionary of gods and goddesses, devils and demons
1113:, Vol. 1. The Italian scholar analysed the twins in a variant of
636:
Another founding pair of twins in Germanic tradition is brothers
185:
speakers, which are known to have occurred in prehistoric times.
3935:
Wenzel, Marian (September 1967). "The Dioscuri in the Balkans".
3682:
Bianchi, U. "I Dioscuri: una versione della coppia divina". In:
3352:
The Pre-Christian Religions of the North: History and Structures
611:
537:
348:
170:
79:
known by a single dual name or having rhymed/alliterative names;
4410:
4312:"Achilles and Patroklos as models for the twinning of identity"
746:. This pair of twins was said to have been fathered by sea god
2831:. Volume I: A-L. London and New York: Routledge. 2019. p. 72.
2829:
Hindu World: An Encyclopedic Survey of Hinduism In Two Volumes
1511:
1509:
1507:
129:
ultimately deriving from the Proto-Indo-European word for the
4380:
The Divine Twins: An Indo-European myth in Germanic tradition
4285:"Achilles and Patroclus as Indo-European Twins: Homer's Take"
2851:
David of Sassoun : the Armenian folk epic in four cycles
2358:. Sozomena 13. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2013. pp. 209-213.
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
4163:
York, M. (1995). "The Divine Twins in the Celtic Pantheon".
3692:"Starry Twins and Mystery Rites: From Samothrace to Mithras"
2714:
Klechdy: starożytne podania i powieści ludu polskiego i Rusi
2283:. Román, Mónica. New York: Facts On File. pp. 429–430.
490:("Son of God"), considered in Irish mythology as the son of
1093:
The Dancing Water, the Singing Apple, and the Speaking Bird
784:(a servant of the Vedic twins and related to bees) and the
3921:. Berkeley – Los Angeles – London. 1970. pp. 193–202.
202:), who is also portrayed as the daughter of the Sky-God (*
117:
Two well-accepted reflexes of the Divine Twins, the Vedic
73:
mention of a female figure (their mother or their sister);
4359:
Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur
4108:
Danka, Ignacy Ryszard; Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz (2010).
2907:
Petrosyan, Armen (2017). "Armeno-Indian Epic Parallels".
1987:
1985:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1442:
1440:
962:
that the Vedic Ashvins had an Avestic counterpart called
2494:
From Olympus to Camelot: The World of European Mythology
2379:. Sozomena 13. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2013. p. 213.
4209:
Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon
3829:(1992). "De quelques jumeaux indo-européens" Topique".
1427:
1425:
1423:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1006:
The pair of heroic brothers and main characters of the
903:
During childbirth, the mother of the Polish hero twins
3393:
Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction
2732:. Sandomierz: Wydawnictwo Armoryka. pp. 108–109.
2730:
Królowie z gwiazd : mitologia plemion prapolskich
2377:
The Lyric of Ibycus: Introduction, Text and Commentary
2355:
The Lyric of Ibycus: Introduction, Text and Commentary
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1528:
1526:
1524:
853:
island, where the cult centres of the Slavic tribe of
450:
gods Divanno and Dinomogetimarus has no firm support.
3550:
The Study of Folklore: The Oral Epic and Ethnoculture
2591:
A survey of the basic structures in Latvian mythology
2326:"Athenaeus, the Deipnosophists, Book II., chapter 50"
1957:
1955:
1671:
The Regional Diversification of Latin 200 BC - AD 600
1339:
1337:
1335:
527:
mission to rescue some of their members, in the tale
3981:
Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
3899:
Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
2869:. Washington, D.C.: Institute for the Study of Man.
2260:"Apollodorus, Library, book 3, chapter 5, section 5"
1941:. Dieux et Héros. Éditions du Rocher. 1996. p. 103.
1593:
Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics
1090:. The British scholar posited that some versions of
923:
also appear in Polish legends as the killers of the
869:
in Belarusian tradition, after the twin characters.
4587:
4551:
4444:
4357:Niedner, Felix (1898). "Die Dioskuren im Beowulf".
3546:
Studime për folklorin: Epika gojore dhe etnokultura
2436:. Almquist & Wiksell. 1976. pp. 77-79, 155-189.
2021:
The Sons of Remus: Identity in Roman Gaul and Spain
992:(or Izaddin) and Zyaddin (mentioned in the Kurdish
872:According to Polish professor of medieval history,
586:Tacitus mentions a divine pair of twins called the
3329:. Translated by Angela Hall. D.S. Brewer. p. 139.
1834:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. p. 96.
293:", the sky-god, always referred to in dual in the
1992:Bousquet, Jean (1971). "Inscriptions de Rennes".
173:". This may point to an original PIE divine name
3146:Zoological mythology; or, The legends of animals
3112:The Indo-European legacy in language and culture
3047:. the University of Alberta Press. 1979. p. 57.
2532:Indo-European Poetics and the Latvian Folk Songs
2024:. Harvard University Press. 2017. pp. 142, 144.
1818:. Vol. II. London: Heinemann. 1933. pp. 522-523.
1713:Mélanges de l'École française de Rome. Antiquité
1117:format as the "Açvinau" (Asvins) of Vedic lore.
629:, which appears in the legendary account of the
3897:Walker, Henry John (2007). "THE GREEK AŚVINS".
2853:. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1964. p. xxvi.
1674:. Cambridge University Press, 2007. pp. 55-56.
1150:A similar imagery appears in the decoration of
3373:. Vol. 1. Wrocław: WERK. pp. 75–82.
2402:"Latvian Ūsiņš 'bee-god and patron of horses'"
594:, whom he compares to the Roman twin horsemen
4422:
4110:"DEIS EQUEUNUBO: The Divine Twins in Asturia"
3867:. Vol. 4. Oxbow Books. pp. 80–105.
3699:Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
3524:Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (2006),
2700:
2519:. Oxford University Press. 2005. pp. 101-102.
2395:
2393:
2158:
2156:
1479:Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project
1379:
1377:
830:A copy of the twin statue from the island of
676:, are portrayed as the legendary founders of
672:, another pair of twins fathered by Zeus and
602:allude to the motif of the divine twins. The
530:The pursuit of the Gilla Decair and his horse
523:(a realm on the other side of the sea), in a
482:, who is associated with the healing goddess
8:
3530:, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press,
3354:. Vol. 3. Brepols. pp. 1453–1463.
3031:
2760:
2194:
2192:
1897:
1882:Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium
1862:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1515:
1368:
566:, sees a murder of crows and names the hill
2895:Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies
2595:Journal of the Baltic Institute of Folklore
2466:The Handbook of Religions in Ancient Europe
947:(आश्विनेय)), the twins are two of the five
4429:
4415:
4407:
1866:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
508:may also be reflexes of the Divine Twins.
4125:
4052:
3930:https://doi.org/10.9783/9781512801200-021
3773:
3371:Słowiańszczyzna w Europie średniowiecznej
3148:. London: Trübner & Co. 1872. p. 412.
2417:
2280:Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman mythology
2235:Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman Mythology
2216:
1831:Dictionary of Celtic religion and culture
1798:Publications de l'École Française de Rome
1416:https://doi.org/10.9783/9781512801200-021
536:Other possible candidates are members of
4016:Journal of the American Oriental Society
3863:Waddell, John (2018). "The Otherworld".
3762:The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
3578:. Oxford University Press. p. 109.
3131:"Appendix F". In: Cook, Arthur Bernard.
2496:. Oxford University Press. pp. 125–126.
1913:18/3-4 (Fall/Winter, 1990). pp. 285–307.
1124:
935:Another possible reflex may be found in
230:
3063:
2680:"Astronyms in Belarussian folk beliefs"
2516:The Oxford Companion to World Mythology
1575:
1458:
1431:
1326:
1314:
1279:
1176:
3259:(in Lithuanian). Mokslas. p. 50.
3019:
2548:"A solar calendar from Latvian dainas"
2112:
2088:
2076:
1855:
1556:
1210:Horses's heads on the coat of arms of
94:providers of divine aid in battle; and
4306:. University of North Carolina. 1991.
3507:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture
2995:
2678:Avilin, Tsimafei (20 December 2008).
2100:
2064:
951:brothers, married to the same woman,
425:. Scholars suggest that the numerous
7:
3893:. London: I.B. Tauris, 2015, 271 pp.
3307:Deutsche Feuerversicherungs-Schilder
3211:Journal for the History of Astronomy
3007:
2936:The Journal of Indo-European Studies
2909:The Journal of Indo-European Studies
1886:http://www.jstor.org/stable/40732065
1698:
1544:
1532:
1498:
1446:
1343:
453:In one of the Irish myths involving
3666:Alberro, Manuel (13 October 2004).
2889:Anderson, Earl R. with Mark Host. "
2546:Pundure, Irena (20 December 2008).
2400:Blažek, Václav (29 December 2012).
2238:. Infobase Publishing. p. 58.
2232:Roman, Luke; Roman, Monica (2010).
621:The myth of the Icelandic settlers
333:, the "sons of Dievs", the sky-god,
247:, they nonetheless share a similar
3280:Musteikis, Egidijus (2003-06-09).
1186:Drawing of a gable decoration 1901
169:, which all share the meaning of "
14:
4382:. University of California Press.
4047:. 2004–2005 (16 & 17): 1–63.
3795:. Oxbow Books. pp. 243–265.
3690:Blakely, Sandra (December 2018).
3133:Zeus, A Study In Ancient Religion
2614:. Praha: Libri. 2012. pp. 34-35.
2597:(Tallinn), 1996, Nr.1, pp. 65-91.
1084:Zeus, a Study in Ancient Religion
766:), a Baltic god mentioned in the
4394:
4165:Journal of Indo-European Studies
4036:10.7817/jameroriesoci.132.4.0567
4028:10.7817/jameroriesoci.132.4.0567
3758:"Why the healing gods are twins"
3743:Journal of Indo-European Studies
3613:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
3596:Journal of Indo-European Studies
3560:Journal of Indo-European Studies
3327:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
2042:Clavel-Lévêque, Monique (1989).
1939:Dictionnaire de Mythologie Celte
1218:
1203:
1191:
1179:
772:, is a reflex of the mytheme in
3552:]. Vol. II. Grafobeni.
3157:Jones, W. Henry; Kropf, Lajos.
2801:Iran And India Through The Ages
2728:Niedzielski, Grzegorz. (2011).
2712:Wójcicki, Kazimierz Władysław.
2645:Gieysztor, Aleksander. (2006).
2315:, n. 12, 2004-2005. pp. 93-106.
1828:Maier, Bernhard, 1963- (1997).
1136:, on the rooftop of a house in
788:themselves. Also, according to
3309:. VVW Karlsruhe. 1989. p. 63.
3174:, 1997, Nr. 2 (53). pp. 22–35.
2816:. Zwiter Theil. 1836. p. 211.
2612:Encyklopedie baltské mytologie
2453:. Leiden: Brill. 2015. p. 225.
2199:Sanko, Siarhei (August 2018).
1115:The Boys with the Golden Stars
716:Greek rhetorician and grammar
1:
4438:Proto-Indo-European mythology
4241:10.1080/00806765.2017.1390923
3756:Hankoff, Leon D. (May 1977).
3635:Indo-European Poetry and Myth
3395:. John Benjamins Publishing.
3159:The Folk-Tales of the Magyars
2419:10.15388/baltistica.47.2.2123
1964:Dialogues d'histoire ancienne
795:It has also been argued that
750:and a human mother, Molione.
690:(the same epithet is used in
37:Proto-Indo-European mythology
1628:The Journal of Roman Studies
1605:10.13109/hisp.2011.124.1.250
1475:Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon
478:meant "having good horses";
23:The Vedic Hindu twin gods -
3637:. Oxford University Press.
3436:. p. 7. Archived from
3191:. p. 7. Archived from
2635:. Vilnius: Mokslas. p. 165.
2631:Gimbutienė, Marija (1985).
726:, Book II, cited that poet
494:, associated with healing,
317:", pulling the carriage of
299:, without individual names,
16:Proto-Indo-European mytheme
4707:
4620:Indo European Weapon Cults
3844:Zeitschrift für Ethnologie
3711:10.1556/068.2018.58.1-4.26
3231:10.1177/002182869702802207
2469:. Routledge. p. 368.
2434:Lichtgott der alten Letten
2375:Wilkinson, Claire Louise.
2352:Wilkinson, Claire Louise.
2139:10.5406/scanstud.90.1.0110
1792:Duval, Paul-Marie (1989).
1767:Revue des Études Anciennes
1254:Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea
1249:Korean creation narratives
758:There is possibility that
720:of Naucratis, in his work
644:(Angel), described in the
321:(the Sun) through the sky,
3462:10.1163/15685270252772777
2863:Petrosyan, Armen (2002).
2535:(Thesis). pp. 62–65.
2218:10.7592/fejf2018.72.sanko
2173:10.1163/9789004342361_008
1212:Buchholz in der Nordheide
1029:In mythology and religion
513:Alexander Haggerty Krappe
486:(her name means "star");
275:('descendants of Dyēus'),
4686:Proto-Indo-European gods
4610:Trifunctional hypothesis
3032:Mallory & Adams 1997
2812:Pott, August Friedrich.
2761:Mallory & Adams 1997
2568:Lurker, Manfred (2004).
1898:Mallory & Adams 1997
1516:Mallory & Adams 2006
1369:Mallory & Adams 1997
1198:Gable decoration in 2006
907:("Mountain Beater") and
511:Comparative mythologist
440:, in the fourth book of
4681:Mythological archetypes
4605:Indo-European cosmogony
4263:Frame, Douglas (2007).
4156:10.3406/ecelt.2016.2468
3144:de Gubernatis, Angelo.
2975:10.1163/157338497X00049
2963:Iran & the Caucasus
2799:Davar, Firoze Cowasji.
2006:10.3406/galia.1971.2572
1884:26/27 (2006): 348-349.
1752:10.3406/crai.1943.77671
1143:Ašvieniai, depicted as
82:associated with horses;
4330:Nagy, Gregory (1990).
4206:Derksen, Rick (2015).
4196:: Potential parallels"
3801:10.2307/j.ctvh1dr2k.23
3686:. pp. 23–40. 1979
3572:Parpola, Asko (2015).
3325:Simek, Rudolf (2007).
2942:(3 & 4): 269–270.
2897:Vol. 14 (2005): 11-18.
2529:Calin, Didier (1996).
2103:, pp. 59–60, 139.
1937:Persigout, Jean-Paul.
1725:10.3406/mefr.1976.1057
1386:Romanische Forschungen
1231:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1140:
1132:, commonly called the
834:
267:('sons of Dyēus'), or
236:
141:. They are related to
28:
4645:War of the foundation
4378:Ward, Donald (1968).
3997:Accessed 7 Jan. 2023.
3672:En la España Medieval
3510:, London: Routledge,
2606:Běťáková, Marta Eva;
2277:Roman, Luke. (2010).
2264:www.perseus.tufts.edu
2091:, pp. 1455–1456.
2079:, pp. 1453–1455.
1976:10.3406/dha.2002.2475
1779:10.3406/rea.1965.3739
1589:Prósper, Blanca María
1128:
1074:may also be related.
1010:legendary epic cycle
985:Daredevils of Sassoun
841:, first mentioned by
829:
694:and in the lost play
631:settlement of Iceland
627:Hjörleifr Hróðmarsson
443:Bibliotheca historica
375:of the Greek theonym
371:are interpreted as a
234:
76:deities of fertility;
48:Indo-European studies
44:comparative mythology
22:
4403:at Wikimedia Commons
4114:Studia Celto-Slavica
4081:"Nakula et Sahadeva"
4045:Indo Shisoshi Kenkyu
3889:Walker, Henry John.
3865:Myth and Materiality
3477:Juka, S. S. (1984),
3389:Beekes, Robert S. P.
3305:Evenden, William L.
3282:"Arklys tradicijose"
3045:A History of Boeotia
2684:Archaeologia Baltica
2572:. Routledge. p. 25.
2552:Archaeologia Baltica
2490:Leeming, David Adams
2127:Scandinavian Studies
2018:Johnston, Andrew C.
1111:Zoological Mythology
1107:Angelo de Gubernatis
687:The Phoenician Women
91:protectors of oaths;
4302:Frauenfelder, D.W.
4182:Abrola, Natalija. "
4071:. pp. 253–283.
3429:Hamacher, Duane W.
3257:Lietuvių etnologija
3223:1997JHAS...28...57S
3184:Hamacher, Duane W.
2763:, pp. 164–165.
1926:49 (1932): 96-108.
1814:Diodorus, Siculus.
1471:Lubotsky, Alexander
1088:Arthur Bernard Cook
874:Jacek Banaszkiewicz
837:The Polish deities
736:Eurytus and Cteatus
227:Linguistic cognates
121:and the Lithuanian
108:Proto-Indo-European
4089:Orientalia Suecana
2849:Shalian, Artin K.
2827:Walker, Benjamin.
2701:Banaszkiewicz 1996
2432:Biezais, Haralds.
2167:. pp. 70–82.
1900:, p. 161-162.
1449:, p. 187–191.
1225:Coat of arms from
1141:
1067:Amicus and Amelius
835:
734:, described twins
670:Amphion and Zethus
590:worshipped by the
237:
183:Proto-Balto-Slavic
52:comparative method
29:
4663:
4662:
4655:Ends of the Earth
4399:Media related to
4219:978-90-04-27898-1
4127:10.54586/ZLYB6908
3874:978-1-78570-975-3
3810:978-1-84217-998-7
3622:978-0-85991-513-7
3537:978-0-19-929668-2
3517:978-1-884964-98-5
3502:Adams, Douglas Q.
3498:Mallory, James P.
3361:978-2-503-57489-9
3335:978-0-85991-513-7
3253:Dundulienė, Pranė
3120:978-83-8100-209-7
3022:, pp. 80–82.
2837:978-0-367-14300-8
2739:978-83-62661-17-6
2647:Mitologia Słowian
2620:978-80-7277-505-7
2578:978-0-415-34018-2
2476:978-1-317-54452-4
2385:978-3-11-029514-6
2364:978-3-11-029514-6
2290:978-1-4381-2639-5
2245:978-1-4381-2639-5
1483:Leiden University
1096:, collected from
1013:Kângë Kreshnikësh
900:, the chief god.
843:Maciej Miechowita
774:Latvian tradition
742:and their mother
740:Castor and Pollux
703:Romulus and Remus
610:. Descendants of
600:Hengist and Horsa
596:Castor and Pollux
421:and the Germanic
384:Possible reflexes
345:Castor and Pollux
125:, are linguistic
88:of astral nature;
4698:
4454:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4408:
4398:
4383:
4374:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4283:Frame, Douglas.
4279:
4277:
4276:
4265:"Hippota Nestor"
4252:
4223:
4172:
4159:
4144:Études Celtiques
4140:Kruta, Venceslas
4131:
4129:
4097:
4085:
4072:
4070:
4058:
4056:
4039:
4010:
3996:
3987:(1/4): 137–143.
3968:
3914:
3886:
3859:
3850:(1/3): 152–200.
3838:
3831:Revue freudienne
3822:
3787:
3777:
3751:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3727:
3721:. Archived from
3705:(1–4): 427–463.
3696:
3679:
3660:General studies:
3648:
3626:
3604:
3589:
3568:
3553:
3540:
3520:
3493:
3483:, Waldon Press,
3473:
3444:
3442:
3435:
3425:
3406:
3384:
3365:
3337:
3323:
3317:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3190:
3181:
3175:
3172:Liaudies kultūra
3168:
3162:
3155:
3149:
3142:
3136:
3129:
3123:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3043:Buck, Robert J.
3041:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2915:(1–2): 172–186.
2904:
2898:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2860:
2854:
2847:
2841:
2825:
2819:
2810:
2804:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2725:
2719:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2642:
2636:
2629:
2623:
2604:
2598:
2587:
2581:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2526:
2520:
2513:Leeming, David.
2511:
2505:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2460:
2454:
2443:
2437:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2397:
2388:
2373:
2367:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2316:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2196:
2187:
2186:
2165:Sturla Þórðarson
2160:
2151:
2150:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2039:
2033:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1989:
1980:
1979:
1959:
1950:
1935:
1929:
1920:
1914:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1861:
1853:
1825:
1819:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1683:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1519:
1513:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1435:
1429:
1418:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1392:(2/3): 131–148.
1381:
1372:
1366:
1347:
1341:
1330:
1324:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1284:
1222:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1156:Low German house
1041:as early as the
982:(as depicted in
811:Ausekļa līgaviņa
652:Saxo Grammaticus
623:Ingólfr Arnarson
472:, whose epithet
438:Diodorus Siculus
432:Greek historian
410:
347:), the "boys of
313:), the "sons of
289:), the "sons of
255:', the sky-god.
85:saviours at sea;
4706:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4695:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4650:King and virgin
4640:Binding of evil
4615:Threefold death
4600:Horse sacrifice
4583:
4547:
4448:
4440:
4435:
4391:
4386:
4377:
4356:
4341:
4339:
4329:
4321:
4319:
4310:Nagy, Gregory.
4309:
4294:
4292:
4282:
4274:
4272:
4262:
4226:
4220:
4205:
4162:
4138:
4107:
4083:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4054:10.1.1.567.2086
4042:
4013:
4000:
3978:
3949:10.2307/2492722
3934:
3896:
3875:
3862:
3841:
3825:
3811:
3790:
3755:
3750:(1–2): 125–152.
3739:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3694:
3689:
3665:
3656:
3654:Further reading
3651:
3645:
3631:West, Morris L.
3629:
3623:
3615:. D.S. Brewer.
3607:
3592:
3586:
3571:
3556:
3543:
3538:
3523:
3518:
3496:
3491:
3476:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3428:
3409:
3403:
3387:
3381:
3368:
3362:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3324:
3320:
3304:
3300:
3291:
3289:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3267:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3217:(22): S57–S81.
3208:
3207:
3203:
3195:
3188:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3169:
3165:
3156:
3152:
3143:
3139:
3130:
3126:
3109:
3105:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3062:
3058:
3042:
3038:
3030:
3026:
3018:
3014:
3006:
3002:
2994:
2990:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2848:
2844:
2826:
2822:
2811:
2807:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2740:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2711:
2707:
2699:
2695:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2657:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2630:
2626:
2605:
2601:
2589:Kokare, Elza. "
2588:
2584:
2567:
2563:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2512:
2508:
2488:
2484:
2477:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2445:Priede, Janis.
2444:
2440:
2431:
2427:
2399:
2398:
2391:
2374:
2370:
2351:
2347:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2310:
2306:
2291:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2115:, p. 1463.
2111:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2017:
2013:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1936:
1932:
1921:
1917:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1879:
1875:
1854:
1842:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1813:
1809:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1697:
1686:
1667:
1663:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1574:
1563:
1555:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1531:
1522:
1514:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1469:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1445:
1438:
1430:
1421:
1409:
1405:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1367:
1350:
1342:
1333:
1325:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1259:Maya Hero Twins
1244:Horse sacrifice
1240:
1233:
1223:
1214:
1208:
1199:
1196:
1187:
1184:
1172:Hengst und Hors
1138:Nida, Lithuania
1123:
1121:In architecture
1080:
1031:
1026:
1004:
972:
933:
824:
816:Marija Gimbutas
756:
723:Deipnosophistae
667:
584:
572:Pseudo-Plutarch
414:Dinomogetimarus
404:
394:
386:
362:Ioviois Pvclois
351:", the sky-god.
272:
229:
224:
199:
191:
178:
138:
104:
70:dual paternity;
60:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4704:
4702:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4668:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4630:Death of a son
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4463:
4457:
4455:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4426:
4419:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4390:
4389:External links
4387:
4385:
4384:
4375:
4365:(3): 229–258.
4348:
4347:
4327:
4307:
4300:
4280:
4254:
4253:
4235:(2): 151–178.
4229:Scando-Slavica
4224:
4218:
4203:
4192:, and Latvian
4174:
4173:
4171:(1–2): 83–112.
4160:
4136:
4132:
4099:
4098:
4073:
4059:
4040:
4022:(4): 567–575.
4011:
3998:
3970:
3969:
3943:(3): 363–381.
3932:
3922:
3915:
3894:
3887:
3883:j.ctvh1dtnp.10
3873:
3860:
3839:
3837:(50): 205–238.
3823:
3819:j.ctvh1dr2k.23
3809:
3788:
3768:(3): 307–319.
3753:
3737:
3687:
3680:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3644:978-0199280759
3643:
3627:
3621:
3605:
3590:
3584:
3569:
3554:
3541:
3536:
3521:
3516:
3494:
3489:
3474:
3445:
3443:on 2011-05-14.
3426:
3407:
3402:978-9027211859
3401:
3385:
3379:
3366:
3360:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3318:
3298:
3272:
3265:
3244:
3201:
3198:on 2011-05-14.
3176:
3163:
3150:
3137:
3124:
3103:
3090:10.2307/128465
3084:(2): 141–157.
3078:Russian Review
3068:
3056:
3036:
3034:, p. 165.
3024:
3012:
3000:
2998:, p. 286.
2988:
2953:
2926:
2899:
2882:
2875:
2855:
2842:
2820:
2805:
2792:
2783:
2774:
2765:
2753:
2738:
2720:
2705:
2693:
2670:
2655:
2637:
2624:
2608:Blažek, Václav
2599:
2582:
2561:
2538:
2521:
2506:
2482:
2475:
2455:
2438:
2425:
2412:(2): 359–366.
2389:
2368:
2345:
2331:
2317:
2304:
2289:
2269:
2251:
2244:
2224:
2188:
2181:
2152:
2133:(1): 110–132.
2117:
2105:
2093:
2081:
2069:
2057:
2034:
2011:
2000:(1): 109–122.
1981:
1970:(2): 121–166.
1951:
1930:
1924:Revue Celtique
1915:
1902:
1890:
1873:
1840:
1820:
1807:
1784:
1757:
1746:(3): 439–458.
1730:
1719:(1): 243–257.
1703:
1701:, p. 190.
1684:
1661:
1640:10.2307/298293
1618:
1580:
1578:, p. 109.
1561:
1549:
1547:, p. 191.
1537:
1535:, p. 189.
1520:
1518:, p. 432.
1503:
1501:, p. 188.
1491:
1463:
1451:
1436:
1419:
1403:
1373:
1371:, p. 161.
1348:
1346:, p. 187.
1331:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1296:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1263:Maya mythology
1256:
1251:
1246:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1224:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1178:
1152:Fachhallenhaus
1122:
1119:
1079:
1076:
1072:Boris and Gleb
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1003:
1000:
971:
968:
932:
929:
823:
820:
762:(alternately,
755:
752:
701:The mother of
666:
663:
583:
580:
393:
390:
385:
382:
381:
380:
352:
334:
322:
307:Dievo sūneliai
300:
276:
270:
228:
225:
223:
220:
197:
190:
187:
176:
164:Old Lithuanian
136:
103:
100:
99:
98:
97:magic healers.
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
71:
59:
56:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4703:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4635:Cycle of Mead
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4513:H₂epom Nepōts
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4432:
4427:
4425:
4420:
4418:
4413:
4412:
4409:
4402:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4388:
4381:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4338:on 2020-05-01
4337:
4333:
4328:
4318:on 2020-05-01
4317:
4313:
4308:
4305:
4301:
4291:on 2020-05-01
4290:
4286:
4281:
4271:on 2020-05-01
4270:
4266:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4225:
4221:
4215:
4211:
4210:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4177:Balto-Slavic:
4170:
4166:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4067:
4066:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3973:Indo-Iranian:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3937:Slavic Review
3933:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3870:
3866:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3738:
3728:on 2021-07-15
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3693:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3653:
3646:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3609:Simek, Rudolf
3606:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3591:
3587:
3585:9780190226923
3581:
3577:
3576:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3542:
3539:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3490:9780961360108
3486:
3482:
3481:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3456:(1): 61–102.
3455:
3451:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3380:83-901964-7-6
3376:
3372:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3353:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3315:3-88487-190-0
3312:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3288:on 2011-05-18
3287:
3283:
3276:
3273:
3268:
3266:5-420-00713-4
3262:
3258:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3205:
3202:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3053:9780888640512
3050:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3013:
3010:, p. 64.
3009:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2957:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2930:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2883:
2878:
2876:9780941694810
2872:
2868:
2867:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2703:, p. 81.
2702:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2674:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2656:83-235-0234-X
2652:
2648:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2539:
2534:
2533:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2502:0-19-514361-2
2499:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2483:
2478:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2426:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2346:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2273:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2228:
2225:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2182:9789004342361
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2054:(1): 389–456.
2053:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2030:9780674660106
2027:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1947:2 268 00968 8
1944:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1841:0-85115-698-3
1837:
1833:
1832:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1804:(1): 259–273.
1803:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1773:(1): 80–125.
1772:
1768:
1761:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1734:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1680:9781139468817
1677:
1673:
1672:
1668:Adams, J. N.
1665:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1559:, p. 35.
1558:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1464:
1461:, p. 65.
1460:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1434:, p. 67.
1433:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1329:, p. 78.
1328:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1286:The northern
1283:
1280:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1206:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1139:
1135:
1134:little horses
1131:
1127:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1078:In literature
1077:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1001:
999:
997:
996:
989:
987:
986:
981:
977:
969:
967:
965:
960:
959:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
930:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:Lel and Polel
833:
828:
821:
819:
817:
812:
808:
804:
803:
798:
793:
791:
790:David Leeming
787:
783:
779:
778:Václav Blažek
775:
771:
770:
765:
761:
753:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
724:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
699:
697:
693:
689:
688:
683:
679:
675:
671:
664:
662:
660:
655:
653:
649:
648:
647:Gesta Danorum
643:
639:
634:
632:
628:
624:
619:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
581:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
544:
539:
534:
532:
531:
526:
522:
521:Tir fa Thuinn
518:
514:
509:
507:
503:
500:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
476:
471:
466:
462:
461:
456:
451:
449:
445:
444:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
415:
411:
408:
403:
399:
391:
389:
383:
378:
374:
370:
369:Ioveis Pvcles
367:
363:
360:
356:
353:
350:
346:
342:
338:
335:
332:
331:
326:
323:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
301:
298:
297:
292:
288:
284:
280:
277:
274:
269:*diwós népoth
266:
265:*diwós suHnū́
262:
258:
257:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
233:
226:
221:
219:
217:
211:
207:
205:
201:
188:
186:
184:
180:
172:
168:
165:
161:
158:
154:
151:
147:
144:
140:
132:
128:
124:
120:
115:
113:
109:
106:Although the
101:
96:
93:
90:
87:
84:
81:
78:
75:
72:
69:
68:
67:
65:
58:Common traits
57:
55:
53:
49:
45:
40:
38:
34:
26:
21:
4676:Divine twins
4476:Mitra-Varuna
4471:Divine twins
4470:
4466:Trifunctions
4401:Divine twins
4379:
4362:
4358:
4350:
4349:
4340:. Retrieved
4336:the original
4320:. Retrieved
4316:the original
4303:
4293:. Retrieved
4289:the original
4273:. Retrieved
4269:the original
4256:
4255:
4232:
4228:
4208:
4199:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4176:
4175:
4168:
4164:
4150:(1): 33–57.
4147:
4143:
4117:
4113:
4101:
4100:
4093:
4087:
4077:Wikander, S.
4064:
4044:
4019:
4015:
4006:
4002:
3984:
3980:
3972:
3971:
3940:
3936:
3925:
3918:
3902:
3898:
3890:
3864:
3847:
3843:
3834:
3830:
3792:
3765:
3761:
3747:
3741:
3730:. Retrieved
3723:the original
3702:
3698:
3683:
3675:
3671:
3659:
3658:
3634:
3612:
3600:
3594:
3574:
3564:
3558:
3549:
3545:
3526:
3506:
3479:
3453:
3449:
3438:the original
3412:
3392:
3370:
3351:
3343:Bibliography
3326:
3321:
3306:
3301:
3290:. Retrieved
3286:the original
3275:
3256:
3247:
3214:
3210:
3204:
3193:the original
3179:
3171:
3166:
3158:
3153:
3145:
3140:
3132:
3127:
3111:
3106:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3064:Shapiro 1982
3059:
3044:
3039:
3027:
3015:
3003:
2991:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2894:
2885:
2865:
2858:
2850:
2845:
2828:
2823:
2813:
2808:
2800:
2795:
2786:
2777:
2768:
2756:
2729:
2723:
2713:
2708:
2696:
2687:
2683:
2673:
2646:
2640:
2632:
2627:
2611:
2602:
2594:
2585:
2569:
2564:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2531:
2524:
2514:
2509:
2493:
2485:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2433:
2428:
2409:
2405:
2376:
2371:
2353:
2348:
2334:
2320:
2312:
2307:
2279:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2234:
2227:
2208:
2204:
2164:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2108:
2096:
2084:
2072:
2067:, p. 7.
2060:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2019:
2014:
1997:
1993:
1967:
1963:
1938:
1933:
1923:
1918:
1910:
1905:
1893:
1881:
1876:
1830:
1823:
1815:
1810:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1669:
1664:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1596:
1592:
1583:
1576:Parpola 2015
1552:
1540:
1494:
1486:
1478:
1466:
1459:Derksen 2015
1454:
1432:Jackson 2002
1411:
1406:
1389:
1385:
1327:Jackson 2002
1299:
1282:
1171:
1154:, a type of
1151:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1133:
1110:
1091:
1083:
1081:
1065:
1062:
1050:Tinas Clenar
1049:
1032:
1011:
1005:
993:
990:
983:
973:
963:
956:
944:
934:
931:Indo-Iranian
925:Wawel dragon
902:
893:
890:Proto-Slavic
871:
866:
862:
858:
851:Fischerinsel
836:
832:Fischerinsel
810:
807:Saules meita
806:
800:
794:
785:
781:
767:
763:
757:
731:
721:
715:
709:, a pair of
700:
695:
691:
685:
684:in his play
668:
665:Graeco-Roman
656:
645:
635:
620:
616:
585:
575:
567:
555:
547:
541:
540:'s retinue,
535:
528:
520:
516:
510:
496:
473:
458:
452:
441:
431:
422:
418:
413:
400:
395:
387:
376:
368:
361:
340:
328:
306:
294:
282:
268:
264:
238:
212:
208:
192:
174:
166:
159:
157:Indo-Iranian
152:
145:
134:
116:
105:
61:
41:
33:Divine Twins
32:
30:
4691:Animal gods
4449: [
4184:Old Indian
3827:Sergent, B.
3020:Neziri 2008
2113:Andrén 2020
2089:Andrén 2020
2077:Andrén 2020
1634:: 112–118.
1599:: 250–267.
1557:Beekes 2011
1292:Sea of Azov
1164:Saxon Steed
1086:(1925), by
1035:Scandinavia
958:Mahabharata
650:by scholar
604:Anglo-Saxon
460:Dindsenchas
427:Gallo-Roman
405: [
377:Diós-kouroi
341:Diós-kouroi
283:Divó nápātā
155:(both from
64:Donald Ward
4670:Categories
4625:Sacrifices
4595:Otherworld
4552:Characters
4342:2017-09-13
4322:2017-09-13
4295:2017-09-13
4275:2017-09-13
4194:Dieva dēli
4009:: 103–115.
3905:: 99–118.
3732:2022-04-03
3678:: 317–337.
3603:: 137–166.
3567:: 117–136.
3292:2010-01-07
2996:Çabej 1968
2948:1448190890
2921:1947773418
2406:Baltistica
2101:Simek 1993
2065:Simek 1993
1270:References
1043:Bronze Age
995:Sharafnama
876:, the two
659:Haddingjar
576:De fluviis
568:Lougodunum
543:Atepomarus
475:Atepomarus
359:Paelignian
330:Dieva dēli
303:Lithuanian
216:Bronze Age
162:), and to
4579:H₂n̥gʷʰis
4528:Smith God
4508:H1n̥gʷnis
4481:Perkwunos
4351:Germanic:
4249:149237704
4212:. Brill.
4120:: 17–26.
4049:CiteSeerX
3965:163562603
3719:203298715
3422:0537-7250
3239:117470993
3008:Juka 1984
2969:: 85–92.
2748:802060512
2665:212627528
2299:607553701
2211:: 15–40.
2147:166118426
1858:cite book
1699:West 2007
1656:161694789
1545:West 2007
1533:West 2007
1499:West 2007
1447:West 2007
1344:West 2007
1310:Citations
1288:Black Sea
1275:Footnotes
1145:žirgeliai
1130:Ašvieniai
1039:Near East
955:. In the
945:Ashvineya
898:Rugiaevit
730:, in his
718:Athenaeus
682:Euripides
608:Vortigern
592:Naharvali
506:Manawydan
311:Ašvieniai
123:Ašvieniai
4574:Ḱérberos
4538:PriHyéh₂
4371:20651615
4135:259–276.
4096:: 66–96.
4079:(1957).
4003:Edebiyāt
3993:41693465
3911:41692087
3856:23032863
3633:(2007).
3611:(1993).
3504:(1997),
3391:(2011).
3255:(1991).
2944:ProQuest
2917:ProQuest
2690:: 29–34.
2558:: 39–44.
2492:(2003).
2340:"Ibycus"
2205:Folklore
1850:36074567
1613:41553575
1398:27940080
1238:See also
1227:Spornitz
1047:Etruscan
1008:Albanian
1002:Albanian
980:Tsovinar
976:Armenian
970:Armenian
953:Draupadi
941:Sahadeva
909:Wyrwidąb
905:Waligóra
878:Polabian
797:Auseklis
748:Poseidon
732:Melodies
711:Sicilian
692:Heracles
582:Germanic
560:Lugdunum
245:cognates
222:Evidence
143:Sanskrit
127:cognates
62:Scholar
4518:Pehuson
4503:Dʰéǵʰōm
4498:Meh₁not
4488:H₂éwsōs
4446:Deities
4102:Celtic:
3957:2492722
3775:2595421
3470:3270472
3219:Bibcode
2983:4030741
2893:". In:
1485:. s.v.
1290:or the
1102:Italian
1058:Boeotia
1037:to the
964:Aspinas
949:Pandava
921:Lech II
917:Krak II
886:Porenut
882:Porevit
782:Auśijá-
696:Antiope
674:Antiope
548:Momorus
525:Orphean
488:Maponos
480:Grannus
470:Belenus
434:Timaeus
402:Divanno
398:Gaulish
366:Marsian
357:: both
325:Latvian
296:Rigveda
249:epithet
241:mytheme
150:Avestan
25:Ashvins
4588:Motifs
4543:Welnos
4533:Deh₂nu
4493:Seh₂ul
4451:simple
4369:
4257:Greek:
4247:
4216:
4186:Aśvinī
4051:
4034:
3991:
3963:
3955:
3909:
3881:
3871:
3854:
3817:
3807:
3784:560764
3782:
3772:
3717:
3641:
3619:
3582:
3534:
3514:
3487:
3468:
3420:
3399:
3377:
3358:
3333:
3313:
3263:
3237:
3118:
3098:128465
3096:
3051:
2981:
2946:
2919:
2873:
2835:
2746:
2736:
2663:
2653:
2618:
2593:. In:
2576:
2500:
2473:
2449:. In:
2383:
2362:
2297:
2287:
2242:
2179:
2145:
2028:
1994:Gallia
1945:
1848:
1838:
1678:
1654:
1648:298293
1646:
1611:
1396:
1162:, the
1160:Saxons
1054:Attica
1024:Legacy
937:Nakula
880:gods,
867:Polele
855:Veleti
822:Slavic
802:dainas
786:Aśvins
769:dainas
764:Ūsinis
754:Baltic
728:Ibycus
707:Palici
678:Thebes
564:augury
517:Fianna
484:Sirona
465:Ulster
448:Gallic
419:Martes
392:Celtic
373:calque
355:Italic
339:: the
327:: the
315:Dievas
305:: the
287:Aśvins
281:: the
179:éḱw-n-
160:*Haćwa
119:Aśvins
4569:Trito
4523:Fates
4461:Dyēus
4453:]
4367:JSTOR
4245:S2CID
4084:(PDF)
4069:(PDF)
4032:JSTOR
3989:JSTOR
3961:S2CID
3953:JSTOR
3907:JSTOR
3879:JSTOR
3852:JSTOR
3815:JSTOR
3726:(PDF)
3715:S2CID
3695:(PDF)
3548:[
3466:JSTOR
3450:Numen
3441:(PDF)
3434:(PDF)
3235:S2CID
3196:(PDF)
3189:(PDF)
3094:JSTOR
2979:JSTOR
2313:ΜΥΘΟΣ
2143:S2CID
1652:S2CID
1644:JSTOR
1609:JSTOR
1487:áśva-
1394:JSTOR
1098:Greek
892:root
859:Lelek
760:Ūsiņš
642:Angul
588:Alcis
556:-epo-
519:into
499:Welsh
492:Dagda
457:(the
455:Macha
423:Alcis
409:]
337:Greek
319:Saulė
309:(the
291:Dyaús
285:(the
279:Vedic
253:Dyēus
204:Dyēus
200:éwsōs
139:éḱwos
131:horse
112:Dyēus
4564:Yemo
4559:Manu
4214:ISBN
4190:Uṣás
3869:ISBN
3805:ISBN
3780:PMID
3639:ISBN
3617:ISBN
3580:ISBN
3532:ISBN
3512:ISBN
3485:ISBN
3418:ISSN
3397:ISBN
3375:ISBN
3356:ISBN
3331:ISBN
3311:ISBN
3261:ISBN
3116:ISBN
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