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Water Supply
Company of New York as well as the American Water Supply Company of New Jersey with the help of Hugh Moore. Instead of producing the cups and fountains, these subsidiary companies were charged with the sale and distribution of Luellen's products. In 1909 Luellen and Moore started the Public Cup Vendor Company in New York in order to lease their vendor machines. Their primary customers were railroads so that the devices could be implemented on passenger train cars. After many states started to ban the common drinking cup in public places, steady orders for Luellen's machine began to roll in. The success of Luellen and Moore's territorial companies inspired them to incorporate into the Individual Drinking Cup Company of New York in 1910.
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body for recycling in the EU, for recycling in Class 13 bales along with office paper. Smart Planet
Technologies' licensee Detpak, along with paper-shredder Shred-X have set up commercial recycling systems for paper cups with EarthCoating, branded "RecycleMe", used in recycled paper products such as copy paper, gift wrap, and paper bags. Detpak declared the takeaway cup problem solved in Australia. Subsequently, Australia's Department of Defense, along with globally-recognized recycler Veolia, have teamed up to recycle the department's paper cups, as part of their "War on Waste".
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528:. The cup board grade has a special design for the cup manufacturing processes. The mouth roll forming process requires good elongation properties of the board and the plastic coating. A well formed mouth roll provides stiffness and handling properties in the cup. The basis weights of the cup boards are 170–350 g/m.
540:
Originally, paper cups for hot drinks were glued together and made waterproof by dropping a small amount of clay in the bottom of the cup, and then spinning at high speed so that clay would travel up the walls of the cup, making the paper water-resistant. However, this resulted in drinks smelling and
725:
has developed a new coating on paper cups and folding cartons called EarthCoating so they are certified universally recyclable in conventional paper recycling systems. Paper cups with EarthCoating have received the highest "AAA" rating for recycling from Der Grune Punkt (The Green Dot), a certifying
705:
A UK-based business group James
Cropper have developed the world's first facility for the effective recycling of the estimated 2.5 billion paper coffee cups used and disposed of by British businesses each year, and have become one of 14 international companies to formally join the Paper Recovery and
564:
In 2017, the
Newport Beach, California, company Smart Planet Technologies, launched "reCUP" for the UK market, a recyclable paper cup using a polyethylene and mineral-blended coating branded EarthCoating, that is engineered to be recycled through traditional paper recycling systems. Paper cups with
531:
To meet hygiene requirements, paper cups are generally manufactured from virgin (non-recycled) materials. The one exception to this is when the paper cup features an extra insulating layer for heat retention, which never comes into contact with the beverage, such as a corrugated layer wrapped around
306:
The modern paper cup was developed in the 20th century. In the early 20th century, it was common to have shared glasses or dippers at water sources such as school faucets or water barrels in trains. This shared use caused public health concerns. One notable investigation into their use was the study
374:
to educate the public and to market his machine, principally to railroad companies. Professor
Davison's study was instrumental in abolishing the public glass and opening the door for the paper cup. Soon, the devices, which would dispense cool water for one cent, became standard equipment on trains.
873:
Hot drinks sold in paper cups may come with a plastic lid, to keep the drink hot and prevent spillage. These lids have a hole through which the drink can be sipped. The plastic lids can have many features including peel back tabs, raised walls to protect the foam of gourmet hot drinks and embossed
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and is certified compostable in industrial composting facilities, which means that when it biodegrades, it does not leave behind any toxic residues. Although PLA-lined cups are the only paper cups which can be composted fully, they can contaminate the waste stream, reportedly making other recycled
487:
The tone of many of the advertisements created by the Dixie Cup
Company took the form of embracing modern ideals and marketing towards people who wanted to improve their lives and jump on board a new trend for fear of being left behind. “This is the sanitary age -- the age of dixie cups,” was used
378:
After
Lawrence Luellen invented his paper cup and corresponding water fountain, he started the American Water Supply Company of New England in 1908 located in Boston. The company began producing the cup as well as the Water Vendor. In order to expand their territory, Luellen organized the American
330:
Paper cups are also employed in hospitals for health reasons. In 1942 the
Massachusetts State College found in one study that the cost of using washable glasses, re-used after being sanitized, was 1.6 times the cost of using single-service paper cups. These studies, as well as the reduction in the
844:
from one 16 ounce paper coffee cup with a sleeve is estimated to be 0.09 square meters (0.93 square feet). Over 6.5 million trees were cut down to make 16 billion paper coffee cups used by U.S. in 2006, using 4 billion US gallons (15,000,000 m) of water and resulting in 253 million
572:
alternative material was developed by a consortium made up of the
Department of Trade and Industry Design Center of the Philippines (DCP), Cagayan de Oro Handmade Paper, Nature's Fresh, and Ideatechs Packaging Corporation. The innovation was a Wood Pencil Awardee in the 2019 edition of the annual
869:
lids used for small "single serving" containers, and 150–200 ml (5–7 US fl oz) plastic press-on, resealable lids used for large "family size" containers, 250–1,000 ml (8–30 US fl oz), where not all of the yogurt may be consumed at any one time and thus the
491:
A subsequent pivot towards soda fountains was made in both product line and advertising, but the central idea of individual use as more sanitary than reusable glasses persisted. An emphasis on the theme of cups being “touched only by you” was seen as an act to make the cups seem individualized.
649:
plates became available and with the use of mounting systems it became easier to register across the colours, allowing for more complex designs. Printing flexographic has become ideal for long runs and manufacturers generally use this method when producing over a million cups. Machines such as
709:
James
Cropper's Reclaimed Fibre Facility was opened by HM The Queen in July 2013, and recovers both the plastic and paper from the cups; ensuring nothing is wasted from the recycling process. Although paper cups are made from renewable resources (wood chips 95% by weight), paper products in a
544:
Cups for cold drinks could not be treated in the same way, as condensation forms on the outside, then soaks into the board, making the cup unstable. To remedy this, cup manufacturers developed the technique of spraying both the inside and outside of the cup with wax. Clay and wax-coated cups
573:
D&AD Future Impact Awards. Tests by the DCP show that the 55.32 percent mass loss of Pinyapel in four weeks is much higher than the 21.33 percent mass loss in commercial paper bags, giving evidence that the material decomposes faster than other paper products.
322:
Based on these concerns, and as paper goods (especially after the 1908 invention of the Dixie Cup) became cheaply and cleanly available, local bans were passed on the shared-use cup. One of the first railway companies to use disposable paper cups was the
298:
and were used for the serving of tea. They were constructed in different sizes and colors, and were adorned with decorative designs. Textual evidence of paper cups appears in a description of the possessions of the Yu family, from the city of
429:, the second largest privately owned company in the United States. In 1983, production moved to a modern factory in Forks, Pennsylvania. The original factory in Wilson has sat vacant ever since. The closing of the factory also prompted
658:-based inks were being used, water-based inks are instead being utilised. One of the side effects of solvent-based inks is that hot drink cups in particular can smell of solvent, whereas water-based inks have eliminated this problem.
729:
In 2017, the Finnish board manufacturer Kotkamills launched a new kind of cup (food service) board which uses no wax or plastic for waterproofing, and thus can be recycled as part of the normal paper and board waste stream,
552:
In 2017, the Finnish board manufacturer Kotkamills launched a new kind of cup (food service) board which uses no wax or plastic for waterproofing, and thus can be recycled as part of the normal paper and board waste stream,
698:(polyethylene), then both composting and recycling of paper cups is uncommon because of the difficulty in separating the polyethylene in the recycling process of said cups. As of 2016, there are only two facilities in the
645:
Originally paper cups were printed using rubber blocks mounted on cylinders, with a different cylinder for each colour. Registration across different colours was very difficult, but later
327:, which began using them in 1909. By 1917, the public glass had disappeared from railway carriages, replaced by paper cups even in jurisdictions where public glasses had yet to be banned.
673:, which allows printing on very small quantities, typically from 1,000 cups, and is used by companies including Brendos Ltd offering small quantities in short lead times.
665:, which can vary within a range from 10,000 to 100,000 cups. Offset printing inks have also been developed and although in the past these were solvent based, the latest
1076:
At this time tea was served from baskets made of rushes which held... a set of several tens of paper cups (chih pei) in different sizes and colors with delicate designs
654:
are used for this, which have been adapted to take the extra large reels that are required by paper cup manufacturers. Ink technology has also changed and where
997:
677:
can also be used, but this is extremely expensive and is normally only utilised for items requiring extremely high quality printing like ice cream containers.
362:, who was concerned about germs being spread by people sharing glasses or dippers at public supplies of drinking water. Luellen developed an ice-cooled water-
865:
Paper cups may have various types of lids. The paper cups that are used as containers for yogurt, for example, generally have two types of lids: heat-seal
878:
introduced shaped plastic "splash sticks" to block the hole, in some of their stores, after customer complaints about hot coffee splashing through it.
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549:(PE)-coated cups; this process covers the surface of the board with a very thin layer of PE, waterproofing the board and welding the seams together.
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1346:[A Finnish company made it – plastic-free miracle board that can withstand coffee, fat and beer: "We have received huge interest"]. YLE
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The Dixie Cup was first called "Health Kup", but from 1919 it was named after a line of dolls made by Alfred Schindler's Dixie Doll Company in
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Paper cups and paper bags made from "Pinyapel", paper made from discarded pineapple leaves, were introduced in 2019. The water-resistant
406:. Success led the company, which had existed under a variety of names, to call itself the Dixie Cup Corporation and move to a factory in
1344:"Suomalainen yritys teki sen – kahvin, rasvan ja oluen kestävät muovittomat ihmepahvit lähtevät maailmalle: "Kiinnostus on valtavaa""
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225:
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63:
1044:. Science and Civilisation in China, Chemistry and Chemical Technology. Vol. 5 part 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 38.
1928:
Martin B. Hocking (November 1991). "Relative merits of polystyrene foam and paper in hot drink cups: Implications for packaging".
922:"Common Single-Use Consumer Plastic Products Release Trillions of Sub-100 nm Nanoparticles per Liter into Water during Normal Use"
1426:
845:
pounds (115,000,000 kg) of waste. Overall, US Americans use 58% of all paper cups worldwide, amounting to 130 billion cups.
832:
is about 0.253 kilograms (0.56 lb) per cup with sleeve – including paper from trees, materials, production, and shipping.
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for a line of disposable paper cups that were first developed in the United States in 1907 by Lawrence Luellen, an inventor in
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able to properly recycle PE-coated cups; in the absence of such facilities, the cups are taken to landfill or incinerated.
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319:'s public schools. The article was reprinted and distributed by the Massachusetts State Board of Health in November 1909.
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Before 2012, paper cups could only be recycled at a specialized treatment facility regardless of the lining.
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is used to make paper cups because of contamination concerns and regulations. Since most paper cups are
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to abandon the Easton & Northern railroad branch, of which Dixie Cups was the last major customer.
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The world's largest "paper" cup in front of what was once the Lily-Tulip manufacturing company, later
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Why Didn't I Think of That? : Bizarre Origins of Ingenious Inventions We Couldn't Live Without
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Zangmeister, Christopher D.; Radney, James G.; Benkstein, Kurt D.; Kalanyan, Berc (3 May 2022).
1965:
Martin B. Hocking (November 1994). "Reusable and disposable cups: An energy-based evaluation".
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purchased American Can's paper business in 1982. The assets of James River are now part of
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1319:. Papermaking Science and Technology. Vol. 12. Finland: Fapet OY. pp. 170–172.
1978:
1941:
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A study of one paper coffee cup with sleeve (16 ounce / 500 ml) shows that the level of
524:. It has a barrier coating for waterproofing. The paper needs high stiffness and strong
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1302:"Lily-Tulip Cup Corporation, Springfield-Greene County Library, Springfield, Missouri"
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895:"Take-out coffee cups may be shedding trillions of plastic nanoparticles, study says"
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Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Goods and Services: An Input-output Approach
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to prevent liquid from leaking out or soaking through the paper. It may be made of
267:
779:(PE) is a petroleum-based coating on paper cups that can slow down the process of
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2001:
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Hocking, M. B. (1 February 1991). "Paper Versus Polystyrene: A Complex Choice".
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1366:"Pinoy-made 'Pinyapel' wins environment and sustainability award in New York"
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Most paper cups are designed for a single use and then disposal. Very little
510:. Made of poured concrete, the cup stands about 68.1 feet (20.8 m) tall.
465:
Early advertisement for Dixie Cups when they were still known as Health Kups.
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294:, where paper was invented by the 2nd century BC. Paper cups were known as
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2014:
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1451:"Veolia and Defence join together to eliminate single-use disposable cups"
311:, published with the sensational title "Death in School Drinking Cups" in
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749:. Paper cups may consume more non-renewable resources than cups made of
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risk of cross-infection, encouraged the use of paper cups in hospitals.
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Chris T. Hendrickson; Lester B. Lave & H. Scott Matthews (2006).
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Beulah France (February 1942). "Uses for Paper Cups and Containers".
809:
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EarthCoating are sold by Detpak, Huhtamaki, Linstol, and Pureco USA.
355:
1248:
1204:"Movie and Logo Designer Saul Bass Celebrated with Book, MoMA Event"
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have reduced the danger of cups smelling. The latest development is
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1849:"Example of awareness campaign for availability of splash sticks"
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410:. Atop the factory was a large water tank in the shape of a cup.
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Other methods of printing have been used for short runs such as
339:"Dixie cup" redirects here. For the type of naval headgear, see
2034:
252:
Insulated paper cup for hot drinks, cut away to show air layer.
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117:
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2002:
A mathematically annotated folding instruction for paper cups
1662:
Helfrich, M. William; Sanders, Justin Wescoat (2003-08-13).
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Management Accounting: The Cornerstone of Business Decisions
1380:"Filipinos Made This Plastic-Free Cup From Pineapple Leaves"
1098:. Lafayette College Libraries. August 1995. Archived from
773:
shows environmental effects of both with no clear winner.
1921:– how to make a paper cup out of a square of paper using
1736:"The impact of disposable coffee cups on the environment"
859:
A paper coffee cup with a plastic lid and "splash stick".
473:"This is the Sanitary Age" advertisement for Dixie Cups.
1827:"Solving the mystery of Starbucks little green sticks"
1678:"Report of the Alliance for Environmental Innovation"
1427:"Detpak - Takeaway Cup Recycling Solved in Australia"
1278:"Whistlin' Dixie: Marketing the Paper Cup, 1910-1960"
1061:
Science and Civilisation in China: Paper and Printing
1782:"The Rise of the Plastic, Disposable Coffee Cup Lid"
1616:"Sustainable bio-plastic can damage the environment"
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entry, Apollo Glossary, NASA. Retrieved 2012-02-06.
148:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1756:Adman Y. Tamime & Richard K. Robinson (1999).
920:
366:with disposable cups, and with another Bostonian,
1338:
1336:
315:in August 1908, based on research carried out in
870:ability to re-close the container is required.
1474:Don R. Hansen & Maryanne M. Mowen (2005).
444:known for his motion picture title sequences.
2046:
1804:"Starbucks splash stick says no to sploshing"
710:landfill might not decompose, or can release
8:
1909:. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 6–7.
1243:, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 58–61,
816:cups in take-out and fast food restaurants.
1064:. Cambridge University Press. p. 122.
613:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
451:is sometimes called the Dixie cup problem.
436:In 1969, the Dixie Cup logo was created by
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2053:
2039:
2031:
793:coating used on some paper cups. PLA is a
741:The manufacture of paper usually requires
633:Learn how and when to remove this message
516:The base paper for paper cups is called "
226:Learn how and when to remove this message
208:Learn how and when to remove this message
1401:"Paper Cups = Unsustainable Consumption"
1237:(1960), "The double dixie cup problem",
501:
101:of all important aspects of the article.
1873:Allyn Freeman & Bob Golden (1997).
1503:. Resources for the Future. p. 5.
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481:Another early advertisement from Dixie.
307:by Alvin Davison, biology professor at
1478:. Thomson South-Western. p. 503.
1000:. Toiletpaperworld.com. Archived from
927:Environmental Science & Technology
97:Please consider expanding the lead to
266:made out of paper and often lined or
7:
1190:Former Dixie Cup Factory, Wilson, Pa
1122:. Vol. 2. Baltimore, Maryland:
753:(whose only significant effluent is
611:adding citations to reliable sources
520:", and is made on special multi-ply
146:adding citations to reliable sources
1907:Chinese Paper Folding for Beginners
1760:. Woodhead Publishing. p. 97.
1709:"ecological effects of a paper cup"
1403:. aboutmyplanet.com. Archived from
1119:The American Railroad Passenger Car
1024:"Wind Makes Food Retailers Greener"
290:Paper cups have been documented in
545:disappeared with the invention of
25:
1973:(6). Springer New York: 889–899.
1936:(6). Springer New York: 731–747.
998:"Paper Products & Dispensers"
45:This article has multiple issues.
2013:
1885:. John Wiley and Sons. pp.
1825:Johnson, Steve (11 March 2016).
1455:Veolia Australia and New Zealand
1202:Lewis, Andy (November 8, 2011).
584:
488:for several years with success.
122:
75:
34:
27:Cup mostly made of paper or card
1758:Yoghurt: science and technology
1317:Paper and Paperboard Converting
1315:Savolainen, Antti (1998). "6".
1149:The American Journal of Nursing
804:A number of cities – including
413:In 1957, Dixie merged with the
133:needs additional citations for
89:may be too short to adequately
53:or discuss these issues on the
1734:Spitzer, Nina (30 July 2009).
1124:Johns Hopkins University Press
1040:(1985). Joseph Needham (ed.).
99:provide an accessible overview
1:
1851:. JustGiving. 19 October 2015
1240:American Mathematical Monthly
1546:10.1126/science.251.4993.504
1022:Raloff, Janet (2006-02-11).
769:of a comparison of paper vs
343:. For the musical band, see
1711:. ecofx.org. Archived from
1096:"Dixie Cup Company History"
2475:
1806:. USA Today. 14 March 2008
1784:. The Atlantic. 9 May 2011
1664:"The Coming Cup-tastrophe"
449:coupon collector's problem
338:
1683:. edf.com. Archived from
791:biodegradable bio-plastic
723:Smart Planet Technologies
706:Recycling Group (PCRRG).
1967:Environmental Management
1930:Environmental Management
313:Technical World Magazine
1666:. The Portland Mercury.
1058:Joseph Needham (1985).
947:10.1021/acs.est.1c06768
836:Habitat-loss trees used
783:of the paper it coats.
419:James River Corporation
1209:The Hollywood Reporter
860:
577:Printing on paper cups
541:tasting of cardboard.
511:
508:Sweetheart Cup Company
482:
474:
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253:
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2193:Continuous stationery
2104:Corrugated fiberboard
1905:Maying Soong (2002).
1643:"Paper Cup Recycling"
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798:plastics unsaleable.
738:in small quantities.
561:in small quantities.
505:
480:
472:
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387:
251:
243:
2022:at Wikimedia Commons
767:life cycle inventory
681:Environmental impact
607:improve this section
455:Early advertisements
415:American Can Company
408:Wilson, Pennsylvania
372:advertising campaign
317:Easton, Pennsylvania
142:improve this article
2459:Disposable products
2449:American inventions
1979:1994EnMan..18..889H
1942:1991EnMan..15..731H
1538:1991Sci...251..504H
1282:sites.lafayette.edu
939:2022EnST...56.5448Z
743:inorganic chemicals
696:coated with plastic
532:a single-wall cup.
388:Dixie Cup Company,
325:Lackawanna Railroad
2454:Chinese inventions
1987:10.1007/BF02393618
1950:10.1007/BF02394812
1576:"PE Paper Coating"
1368:. 30 October 2019.
1042:Paper and Printing
1038:Tsien, Tsuen-Hsuin
861:
795:renewable resource
745:and creates water
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425:, a subsidiary of
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2429:Liquid containers
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2285:Ingrain wallpaper
2094:Coffee cup sleeve
2026:Paper cup machine
2018:Media related to
1916:978-0-486-41806-3
1896:978-0-471-16511-8
1829:. Chicago Tribune
1767:978-1-85573-399-2
1715:on August 9, 2010
1510:978-1-933115-23-8
1485:978-0-324-23484-8
1326:978-952-5216-12-7
1231:Newman, Donald J.
1133:978-0-8018-2747-1
1071:978-0-521-08690-5
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370:, embarked on an
350:Dixie Cup is the
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983:Kennedy, Garry:
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933:(9): 5448–5455.
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761:Paper vs plastic
751:polystyrene foam
714:, if decomposed
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588:
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442:graphic designer
244:Plain paper cup.
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2444:Paper recycling
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2179:
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2059:
2010:
1964:
1927:
1917:
1904:
1901:– the Dixie Cup
1897:
1876:"Little Dipper"
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1624:. 25 April 2008
1621:TheGuardian.com
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1408:
1407:on June 6, 2008
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1249:10.2307/2308930
1235:Shepp, Lawrence
1229:
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1201:
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1161:10.2307/3416163
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1126:. p. 432.
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1026:. Science News.
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874:text. In 2008,
863:
862:
851:
838:
829:
822:
787:Polylactic acid
763:
688:
683:
671:Direct-printing
667:soya-based inks
663:offset printing
639:
628:
622:
619:
604:
579:
538:
514:
513:
498:
485:
484:
457:
427:Koch Industries
423:Georgia-Pacific
400:
399:
364:vending machine
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84:This article's
80:
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12:
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5:
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2099:Corrugated box
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2089:Cigarette pack
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2008:External links
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1155:(2): 154–156.
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812:— have banned
762:
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721:A US company,
692:recycled paper
687:
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623:September 2017
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570:food packaging
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345:the Dixie Cups
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292:imperial China
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280:recycled paper
264:disposable cup
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93:the key points
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2198:Greeting card
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1690:on 2015-09-20
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1004:on 2013-02-04
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716:anaerobically
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592:This section
590:
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542:
536:Waterproofing
535:
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360:Massachusetts
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162:
159: –
158:
154:
153:Find sources:
147:
143:
137:
136:
131:This article
129:
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119:
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100:
94:
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87:
82:
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52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2388:Filter paper
2362:Playing card
2233:Post-it note
2170:Toilet paper
2128:
1970:
1966:
1933:
1929:
1906:
1881:
1867:Bibliography
1853:. Retrieved
1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
1798:
1786:. Retrieved
1776:
1757:
1751:
1739:. Retrieved
1729:
1717:. Retrieved
1713:the original
1703:
1692:. Retrieved
1685:the original
1672:
1657:
1646:. Retrieved
1637:
1626:. Retrieved
1619:
1610:
1599:. Retrieved
1596:"Composting"
1590:
1579:. Retrieved
1570:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1500:
1494:
1475:
1469:
1458:. Retrieved
1454:
1445:
1434:. Retrieved
1430:
1421:
1409:. Retrieved
1405:the original
1384:www.vice.com
1383:
1374:
1360:
1348:. Retrieved
1316:
1310:
1296:
1285:. Retrieved
1281:
1272:
1238:
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1207:
1197:
1192:(photograph)
1185:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1118:
1108:
1100:the original
1075:
1060:
1041:
1032:
1017:
1006:. Retrieved
1002:the original
992:
979:
930:
926:
914:
902:. Retrieved
898:
889:
872:
864:
842:habitat loss
839:
823:
803:
800:
785:
781:biodegrading
777:Polyethylene
775:
771:plastic cups
764:
740:
728:
720:
708:
704:
689:
670:
660:
644:
629:
620:
605:Please help
593:
567:
563:
551:
547:polyethylene
543:
539:
530:
515:
490:
486:
446:
435:
412:
401:
394:Pennsylvania
377:
349:
329:
321:
312:
305:
295:
289:
259:
257:
222:
204:
195:
185:
178:
171:
164:
152:
140:Please help
135:verification
132:
104:
88:
86:lead section
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
2398:Paper model
2352:Paper craft
2278:Decorations
2165:Paper towel
2119:Oyster pail
2114:Molded pulp
1741:21 November
1719:February 6,
1411:February 6,
1350:1 September
789:(PLA) is a
732:biodegraded
675:Rotogravure
647:flexography
555:biodegraded
496:Manufacture
157:"Paper cup"
107:August 2019
2423:Categories
2357:Paper toys
2340:Recreation
2203:Index card
2185:Stationery
2134:Paperboard
2072:Containers
2020:Paper cups
1694:2008-02-06
1648:2012-02-01
1628:2017-06-21
1601:2013-10-15
1581:2024-08-13
1460:2021-04-07
1436:2021-04-07
1287:2019-05-18
1008:2007-06-09
882:References
734:, or even
557:, or even
526:wet sizing
368:Hugh Moore
352:brand name
341:Sailor cap
335:Dixie cups
168:newspapers
50:improve it
2434:Drinkware
2403:Sandpaper
2326:Newsprint
2321:Newspaper
2295:Wallpaper
2242:Financial
2129:Paper cup
2124:Paper bag
1958:137050319
1855:16 August
1215:August 4,
1177:220566845
1116:(1985) .
985:Dixie Cup
971:248263169
955:0013-936X
876:Starbucks
830:emissions
820:Emissions
747:effluents
736:composted
686:Recycling
594:does not
559:composted
518:cup board
438:Saul Bass
260:paper cup
198:July 2023
91:summarize
56:talk page
18:Dixie Cup
2367:Quilling
2347:Confetti
2331:Pamphlet
2316:Magazine
2264:Passbook
2249:Banknote
2228:Postcard
2218:Notebook
2175:Wet wipe
2109:Envelope
2065:products
1995:30427571
1833:21 April
1810:21 April
1562:33293105
1554:17840849
963:35441513
814:XPS foam
806:Portland
404:New York
301:Hangzhou
296:chih pei
2148:Hygiene
1975:Bibcode
1938:Bibcode
1923:origami
1887:183–184
1788:3 March
1534:Bibcode
1526:Science
1265:0120672
1257:2308930
1169:3416163
935:Bibcode
755:pentane
712:methane
656:solvent
615:removed
600:sources
431:Conrail
286:History
272:plastic
182:scholar
2259:Coupon
2208:Letter
2160:Napkin
2084:Carton
1993:
1956:
1913:
1893:
1764:
1560:
1552:
1507:
1482:
1323:
1263:
1255:
1175:
1167:
1130:
1068:
969:
961:
953:
904:14 May
810:Oregon
652:Comexi
417:. The
390:Easton
356:Boston
268:coated
184:
177:
170:
163:
155:
2376:Other
2304:Media
2062:Paper
1991:S2CID
1954:S2CID
1688:(PDF)
1681:(PDF)
1558:S2CID
1253:JSTOR
1173:S2CID
1165:JSTOR
967:S2CID
270:with
262:is a
189:JSTOR
175:books
2393:Form
2311:Book
1911:ISBN
1891:ISBN
1857:2023
1835:2016
1812:2016
1790:2017
1762:ISBN
1743:2012
1721:2008
1550:PMID
1505:ISBN
1480:ISBN
1413:2008
1352:2017
1321:ISBN
1217:2023
1128:ISBN
1066:ISBN
959:PMID
951:ISSN
906:2022
867:foil
849:Lids
840:The
598:any
596:cite
447:The
440:, a
161:news
2290:Mat
2079:Box
1983:doi
1946:doi
1542:doi
1530:251
1245:doi
1157:doi
943:doi
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