315:
179:
77:
746:
36:
792:'s article "D. Bortniansky and Contemporary Ukrainian Music" (1925) called on Ukrainian musicians to develop the traditions established by Bortniansky, "to dive deeper and more thoroughly into the great cultural treasury concentrated in Bortniansky's works, to find the sources in it and foundations of our revival".
653:
edited
Bortniansky's liturgical works, which were published in ten volumes. Bortniansky wrote operas and instrumental compositions, but his sacred choral works are performed most often today. This vast body of work remains central not only to understanding 18th-century Orthodox sacred music, but also
620:
In 1796 Bortniansky was appointed as a director of the
Imperial Chapel Choir, the first director from the Russian Empire. With such a great instrument at his disposal, he produced scores upon scores of compositions, including over 100 religious works, sacred concertos (35 for a four-part mixed choir,
821:
although he adopted the manners of the
Italian style and became a reformer of church singing in St. Petersburg, nevertheless, all his works (even with such disgusting to our spirit "fugues") hid so much typically Ukrainian melody that because of it he just now became unpopular Muscovites, and every
1315:
1124:
764:
Almost half a century of
Bortniansky's life was associated with music education, with the most important processes of the formation of musical culture in Russian Empire According to Russian musicologist
601:(1787). Bortniansky wrote a number of instrumental works at this time, including piano sonatas, a piano quintet with a harp, and a cycle of French songs. He also composed liturgical music for the
799:
of
Ukrainian folk songs in choral work, since the composer's first musical impressions were obtained in Ukraine. Most of Bortniansky's friends in the choir were Ukrainian, as was his teacher
1935:. История отечественной культуры в архивных документах : сборник статей / сост. и отв. ред. Е. А. Михайлова, ред. Л. Н. Сухоруков. СПб, 2022. Вып. 3. С. 115–122. Электронная копия:
2117:
2122:
520:. Dmitry's half-brother Ivan Tolstoy also sang with the Imperial Chapel Choir. Dmitry studied music and composition under the guidance of the Imperial Chapel Choir director
230:
200:
195:
719:
769:, "Bortniansky developed a style with characteristic inversions, which retained its influence for several following generations. These typical appeals not only reached
2112:
2127:
1758:
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1621:
1224:
1658:
2107:
2132:
314:
2137:
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typical for
Ukrainian songs descending lyrical sixth V - VII # - I degree (on the example of choral concerts: № 13, end of the II part, and № 28, finale)
2046:
733:
Bortniansky composed "The Angel
Greeted the Gracious One" (hymn to the Mother of God used at Pascha) as a trio used by many Orthodox churches in the
505:
in 1755. Dmitry's mother was of
Cossack origin; her name after her first marriage was Marina Dmitrievna Tolstaya, as a widow of a Russian landlord
1548:
1957:
1869:
1834:
1809:
2152:
2147:
2097:
2102:
94:
49:
2142:
1933:Бортнянский Д. С. «Песнословие на Прибытие Е. И. В. Павла Первого в Москву 1797–го году». Неизвестные подробности первого исполнения
1591:
1443:
1419:
1392:
1372:
1352:
1305:
1284:
1260:
258:
160:
63:
1235:
Erren, Lorenz: Musik am russischen Hof: Vor, während und nach Peter dem Großen (1650-1750). Oldenbourg: De
Gruyter, 2017. S. 236.
698:, the highest ceremonial act of the German army, rendered as an honor for distinguished persons on special occasions. Before the
429:
141:
1774:
788:
At the same time, beginning in the 1920s, Bortniansky's work became the subject of special attention from
Ukrainian musicians.
113:
1501:
Kuzma, Marika (1996). "Bortniansky à la Bortniansky: An Examination of the Sources of Dmitry Bortniansky's Choral Concertos".
1453:
Kuzma, Marika (1996). "Bortniansky à la Bortniansky: An Examination of the Sources of Dmitry Bortniansky's Choral Concertos".
178:
570:
98:
1846:. Motets. Chuvashov, A. V. (ed.). Публикация, исследования и комментарии А. В. Чувашова. СПб.: Планета музыки, 2023. 248 с.
939:
597:
425:. Bortniansky was critical to the musical history of both Russia and Ukraine, with both nations claiming him as their own.
517:
406:
272:
120:
1973:
1202:
444:. Bortniansky was so popular in the Russian Empire that his figure was represented in 1862 in the bronze monument of the
2087:
2036:
452:. He composed in many different musical styles, including choral compositions in French, Italian, Latin, German, and
1662:
127:
1327:
638:
1215:
87:
1986:
1142:
1923:
1748:
Korniy L. History of Ukrainian music. Vol.2 .Kyiv; Kharkiv, New-York: M. P. Kotz, 1998. — p.244
774:
650:
394:
320:
109:
2042:
927:
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typical for lyrical songs mournful intonations with an increased second between III and IV # degrees in minor.
591:
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2057:
1914:
1111:
778:
693:
602:
55:
2062:
2032:
867:
534:
2008:
1880:
1698:
1945:Д. С. Бортнянский в мировом изобразительном искусстве XVIII–XXI веков: альбом иконографических материалов
1851:
1069:
Concerto-Symphony for Piano, Harp, Two Violins, Viola da gamba, Cello and Bassoon in B Flat Major (1790).
915:
585:
512:
At age seven, Dmitry's prodigious talent at the local church choir opened him the opportunity to move to
1977:
1995:
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2077:
879:
789:
750:
540:
445:
1991:
All about Dmitry Bortniansky + Usual mistakes in the biography of the composer (present time) - eng.
1858:
From the Cabinet of Manuscripts of the Russian Institute of Art History: Articles and Communications
1271:
1342:
835:
422:
887:
550:
1636:
Ritzarev, Marina: Eighteenth-Century Russian Music. London and New York: Routledge, 2016. P. 105.
1526:
1478:
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Ritzarev, Marina: Eighteenth-Century Russian Music. London and New York: Routledge, 2016. P. 105.
1133:
847:
796:
699:
684:
634:
521:
215:
226:
134:
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Bortniansky's work had a significant impact on the development of Russian and Ukrainian music.
1953:
1900:
1865:
1830:
1805:
1587:
1561:
Rzhevsky, Nicholas: The Cambridge Companion to Modern Russian Culture. Cambridge 1998. P. 239.
1518:
1470:
1439:
1415:
1388:
1368:
1348:
1301:
1280:
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Rzhevsky, Nicholas: The Cambridge Companion to Modern Russian Culture. Cambridge 1998. P. 239.
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782:
614:
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498:
474:
414:
350:
218:|pg=Dmitry Bortniansky |language=unknown |comments= }}
1411:
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tr. "Problems of "Ukrainization" of creativity and the name of the composer D.S.Bortnyansky"
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513:
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449:
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2004:
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920:
754:
453:
433:
1926:. Научный вестник Московской консерватории. Том 13. Выпуск 4 (декабрь 2022). С. 656–677.
667:, in which form it is still sung as a church hymn today. The tune was also popular with
1915:Д. С. Бортнянский. Духовные концерты с оркестром (кантаты на основе духовных концертов)
1853:Из фондов Кабинета рукописей Российского института истории искусств: Статьи и Сообщения
843:
827:
770:
605:, combining the Eastern and Western European styles of sacred music, incorporating the
506:
418:
410:
354:
1982:
2071:
2026:
2013:
1936:
1404:
1249:
Katchanovski, Ivan; Zenon E., Kohut; Bohdan Y., Nebesio; Myroslav, Yurkevich (2013).
932:
766:
490:
432:, is known today for his liturgical works and prolific contributions to the genre of
1724:Проблемы «украинизации» творчества и имени композитора Д. С. Бортнянского
437:
822:
foreigner from the first time hears in them something unknown to himself, original
17:
1843:
1761:
In S. Liudkevych. Doslidzhennia, statti, retsenzii, vystupy (1999): Vol. 1, p.39
1683:
1646:
1635:
1579:
1560:
1433:
1382:
1362:
1250:
1234:
1229:
1207:
1190:
1179:
826:
The influence of Bortniansky's work is noted in the works of Ukrainian composers
1739:
Asafiev. Complete collection of works. Vol.1 — М. 1954. — p. 125
810:
typical inversions with a reduced fourth between III and VII # degrees in minor,
709:
659:
482:
478:
363:
76:
1820:
745:
671:. It travelled to English-speaking countries and came to be known by the names
633:
Bortniansky died in St. Petersburg on 10 October 1825, and was interred at the
1883:[Unknown oratorio by D. S. Bortnyansky on the text by P. Metastasio.]
1723:
1661:[Dmytro Bortnyansky is the son of a Lemko from Bortny]. Archived from
668:
610:
559:
276:
2063:
Choral Concerti performed by The Bortniansky Chamber Choir, Chernihiv (VIDEO)
1990:
1904:
1522:
1474:
654:
subsequently influenced Russian and Ukrainian composers in the 19th century.
1606:
727:
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606:
908:
904:
703:
574:
1999:
1212:
688:
622:
494:
470:
359:
346:
284:
2029:
from Toronto which specializes in Bortniansky performance and research
2022:
1932:
1530:
1482:
2017:
892:
872:
734:
555:
545:
486:
1943:
943:(1787 Pavlovsk in French, with libretto by Franz-Hermann Lafermière)
817:
Lyudkevych also notes Ukrainian intonations in Bortniansky's works:
613:, using a style descended from the Venetian polychoral technique of
1514:
1466:
532:
In Italy Bortniansky gained considerable success composing operas:
744:
1864:(in Russian). Российский ин-т истории искусств. pp. 21–119.
1549:
Ukraine's and Russia's tangled history leads to musical conundrum
1083:
Quintet for Piano, Harp, Violin, Viola da gamba and Cello (1787).
1881:"Неизвестная оратория Д. С. Бортнянского на текст П. Метастазио"
573:
in 1779. He composed at least four more operas in French, with
210:
have just labeled this article as needing attention, please add
1647:
History of Russian Church Music, 988-1917. Brill, 1982. P. 94.
1609:
1384:
The Eighteenth-century Diaspora of Italian Music and Musicians
469:
Dmitry Bortniansky was born on 28 October 1751 in the city of
172:
70:
29:
795:
Traditionally, Ukrainian musicologists emphasize the use of
524:. In 1769 Galuppi left for Italy and took the boy with him.
1917:. Временник Зубовского института. 2022. № 3 (38). С. 48–74.
1783:
1213:
Dmitry Stepanovich Bortniansky (Great Russian Encyclopedia)
1203:
Dmitry Stepanovich Bortniansky (The Columbia Encyclopedia)
558:. He also composed sacred works in Latin and German, both
481:, Ukraine). His father was Stefan Skurat (or Shkurat), a
436:. He was one of the "Golden Three" of his era, alongside
712:, who novelized many episodes of the original series of
1147:
637:
in St. Petersburg. His remains were transferred to the
231:
Knowledge (XXG):Pages needing translation into English
1684:
Kovalev, Konstantin: Bortniansky. Moscow 1998. P. 34.
1116:
935:
in French, with libretto by Franz-Hermann Lafermière)
923:
in French, with libretto by Franz-Hermann Lafermière)
1924:Нотные копиисты Д. С. Бортнянского в Италии и России
1819:Bortniansky, D. S. (2020). Chuvashov, A. V. (ed.).
1364:
The International Cyclopedia of Music and Musicians
1347:, vol. 1, Philosophical Library, p. 110,
980:("Glory to God in the highest, and peace on earth")
390:
371:
328:
298:
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1937:https://vivaldi.nlr.ru/bx000041617/view/?#page=116
1850:Chuvashov, A. V. (2020). Shcheglova, E. P. (ed.).
1403:
1406:The Cambridge Companion to Modern Russian Culture
1300:, vol. 3, Macmillan Publishers, p. 70,
683:. In Germany, the song was paired with a text by
1055:("Why Are You Downcast, O My Soul?", Psalm 42:5)
562:and with orchestral accompaniment, including an
1297:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
819:
485:Orthodox religious refugee from the village of
1987:Konstantin Kovalev (Константин Ковалев) - eng.
730:Academy classes marched to their graduation."
691:and traditional part of the military ceremony
1322:(in Ukrainian). Vol. 2. Kyiv. p. 8.
8:
1659:"Дмитро Бортнянський - син лемка з Бортного"
1361:Thompson, Oscar (1985), Bohle, Bruce (ed.),
1279:. University of Toronto Press. p. 197.
702:in 1917, the tune was played by the Kremlin
2118:Classical composers from the Russian Empire
1294:George Grove (1980), Sadie, Stanley (ed.),
1013:("It Is Good To Praise the Lord", Psalm 92)
663:eventually became known in Slavic lands as
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2123:Conductors (music) from the Russian Empire
1332:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1152:; alternative transcriptions of names are
992:Sei djen', jego zhe Gospodi, konchinu moju
516:, the capital of the empire, and join the
313:
295:
2047:International Music Score Library Project
1041:("With My Voice I Cried Out to the Lord")
1020:("The Lord Said unto My Lord", Psalm 110)
421:and conductor who served at the court of
259:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
405:(28 October 1751 – 10 October [
27:Composer from Russian Empire (1751–1825)
2113:Opera composers from the Russian Empire
1172:
1095:
477:, Russian Empire (present-day Hlukhiv,
2128:Ukrainian people in the Russian Empire
1983:Bortniansky: Main biography in Russian
1622:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music
1410:. Cambridge University Press. p.
1325:
1225:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music
1034:("I Lift Up My Eyes to the Mountains")
978:Slava vo vyshnikh Bogu, y na zemli mir
940:Le Fils-Rival ou La Moderne Stratonice
803:. In particular, Lydia Korniy notes:
598:Le fils-rival ou La moderne Stratonice
428:Bortniansky, who has been compared to
201:Pages needing translation into English
1435:Historical Dictionary of Choral Music
657:The tune he wrote for the Latin hymn
609:he learned in Italy; some works were
493:region of Poland. Skurat served as a
7:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1496:
1494:
99:adding citations to reliable sources
2108:Classical composers of church music
1341:Rouček, Joseph Slabey, ed. (1949),
985:Priiditje, vozradujemsja Gospodjevi
409:28 September] 1825) was a
188:translated text and needs attention
2133:Ukrainian male classical composers
25:
2138:Ukrainian male conductors (music)
2093:People from the Cossack Hetmanate
2043:Free scores by Dmytro Bortniansky
2033:Free scores by Dmitry Bortniansky
1829:] (in Russian) (2 ed.).
1779:"Bortnyansky, Dmitry Stepanovich"
1053:Vskuju priskorbna jesi dusha moja
1046:Skazhy mi, Gospodi, konchinu moju
1018:Rjechje Gospod' Gospodjevi mojemu
45:This article has multiple issues.
1802:Eighteenth-Century Russian Music
1316:"Bortniansky Dmytro Stepanovych"
1255:. Scarecrow Press. p. 386.
1252:Historical Dictionary of Ukraine
1149:Dmytro Stepanovych Bortnyans'kyy
1118:Dmitriy Stepanovich Bortnyanskiy
177:
75:
34:
2014:Bortniansky, Dmitri Stepanovich
2005:Bortniansky, Dmitri Stepanovich
1974:Bortniansky, Dmitri Stepanovich
1775:Бортнянский, Дмитрий Степанович
1584:Nineteenth-Century Choral Music
1582:. In Di Grazia, Donna M (ed.).
1438:. Scarecrow Press. p. 43.
1273:Ukraine: A History, 4th Edition
1039:Glasom moim ko Gospodu vozzvakh
724:Ich bete an die Macht der Liebe
190:from someone with dual fluency.
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
1889:Временник Зубовского Института
1208:The Cambridge History of Music
1191:The Cambridge History of Music
1138:Дмитро Степанович Бортнянський
1107:Дмитрий Степанович Бортнянский
1027:("He That Dwelleth", Psalm 91)
960:("Let My Prayer Arise") no. 2.
571:Saint Petersburg Court Capella
566:for two voices and orchestra.
403:Dmitry Stepanovich Bortniansky
333:Dmitry Stepanovich Bortniansky
1:
1893:Annals of the Zubov Institute
1426:Dmitry Bortniansky Ukrainian.
1320:Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia
1048:("Lord, Make Me Know My End")
950:Choruses (in Church Slavonic)
577:by Franz-Hermann Lafermière:
273:Eastern Slavic naming customs
2037:Choral Public Domain Library
1025:Zhyvyi v pomoshshi Vyshnjago
911:by Franz-Hermann Lafermière)
726:was the theme "to which all
569:Bortniansky returned to the
2153:19th-century male musicians
2148:18th-century male musicians
2098:Burials at Tikhvin Cemetery
1580:"Russian Choral Repertoire"
1402:Rzhevsky, Nicholas (1998).
1367:, Dodd, Mead, p. 260,
1148:
1117:
1005:Priiditje, vospoim, ljudije
958:Da ispravitsia molitva moja
2169:
2103:Classical-period composers
1586:. Routledge. p. 437.
1032:Vozvjedokh ochi moi v gory
639:Alexander Nevsky Monastery
271:In this name that follows
270:
2143:Ukrainian opera composers
1879:Chuvashov, A. V. (2021).
1800:Ritzarev, Marina (2006).
1503:The Journal of Musicology
1455:The Journal of Musicology
1432:Unger, Melvin P. (2010).
1381:Strohm, Reinhard (2001).
1137:
1106:
966:(Cherubic Hymns) nos. 1-7
621:10 for double choruses),
509:, who lived in Glukhov.
312:
305:
1950:D. S. Bortniansky in Art
1942:Smirnov, Askold (2014).
1387:. Brepols. p. 227.
1314:Gordichuk, M.M. (1978).
1270:Subtelny, Orest (2009).
1011:Blago jest ispovjedatsja
883:(1778 Venice in Italian)
775:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
687:and became a well-known
665:Коль славен (Kol Slaven)
651:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
501:; he was entered in the
306:
2018:Karadar Classical Music
2000:Encyclopedia of Ukraine
1218:24 October 2021 at the
1000:("Blessed is the Lord")
987:("Come Let Us Rejoice")
779:Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
718:, noted in one story, "
603:Eastern Orthodox Church
1784:Krugosvet Encyclopedia
1551:hourclassical.org 2022
1344:Slavonic Encyclopaedia
973:("Sing unto the Lord")
824:
758:
722:", that Bortniansky's
417:origin. He was also a
186:This article contains
1978:Columbia Encyclopedia
1822:Светские произведения
757:featuring Bortniansky
748:
706:every day at midday.
641:in the 20th century.
518:Imperial Chapel Choir
225:to the bottom of the
2056:has compositions by
2023:Musicus Bortnianskii
1952:] (in Russian).
1895:] (in Russian).
1759:Nationalism іn music
1625:www.encyclopedia.com
998:Blagoslovjen Gospod'
971:Vospoitje Gospodjevi
964:Kjeruvimskije pjesni
790:Stanyslav Lyudkevych
751:Millennium of Russia
694:Großer Zapfenstreich
446:Millennium of Russia
196:this article's entry
110:"Dmitry Bortniansky"
95:improve this article
2088:People from Hlukhiv
1996:Bortniansky, Dmytro
1757:Ludkewicz S. (1905)
1154:Dmitri Bortnianskii
916:La Fête du seigneur
836:Mykhailo Verbytskyi
586:La fête du seigneur
423:Catherine the Great
307:Дмитрий Бортнянский
2058:Dmitry Bortniansky
1705:on 9 February 2010
848:Borys Lyatoshynsky
759:
700:October Revolution
696:(the Grand Tattoo)
685:Gerhard Tersteegen
635:Smolensky Cemetery
522:Baldassare Galuppi
300:Dmitry Bortniansky
18:Dmytro Bortniansky
1959:978-5-7793-0280-7
1871:978-5-86845-254-3
1836:978-5-8114-3498-5
1811:978-0-7546-3466-9
1576:Morozan, Vladimir
1328:cite encyclopedia
1146:
1115:
1062:Concerto-Symphony
1051:Concerto No. 33:
1044:Concerto No. 32:
1037:Concerto No. 27:
1030:Concerto No. 24:
1023:Concerto No. 21:
1016:Concerto No. 19:
1009:Concerto No. 18:
1003:Concerto No. 15:
996:Concerto No. 11:
840:Mykola Leontovych
783:Alexander Borodin
720:Whom Gods Destroy
499:Kirill Razumovski
475:Cossack Hetmanate
415:Ukrainian Cossack
400:
399:
351:Cossack Hetmanate
269:
268:
261:
249:
248:
234:
211:
171:
170:
163:
145:
68:
16:(Redirected from
2160:
2009:The Cyber Hymnal
1963:
1908:
1886:
1875:
1863:
1840:
1815:
1787:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1701:. Archived from
1695:
1689:
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1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1655:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1619:
1613:
1607:The Golden Three
1604:
1598:
1597:
1572:
1566:
1564:books.google.com
1558:
1552:
1546:
1535:
1534:
1498:
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1449:
1428:
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1398:
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1337:
1331:
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1310:
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1188:
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1177:
1160:
1151:
1141:
1139:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1100:
990:Concerto No. 9:
983:Concerto No. 7:
976:Concerto No. 6:
969:Concerto No. 1:
907:in French, with
846:, K. Dominchen,
842:, M. Dremlyuga,
832:Kyrylo Stetsenko
801:Mark Poltoratsky
514:Saint Petersburg
503:Cossack register
450:Novgorod Kremlin
442:Maxim Berezovsky
434:choral concertos
411:Russian Imperial
385:, Russian Empire
383:Saint Petersburg
378:
342:
340:
317:
296:
264:
257:
244:
241:
235:
224:
222:
219:
205:
203:for discussion.
181:
173:
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84:This article
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2039:(ChoralWiki)
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1801:
1794:Bibliography
1782:
1778:
1771:(in Russian)
1766:
1753:
1744:
1735:
1727:
1719:
1707:. Retrieved
1703:the original
1693:
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1667:. Retrieved
1663:the original
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438:Artemy Vedel
427:
413:composer of
402:
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377:(1825-10-10)
319:Portrait by
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214:{{
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93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
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48:
47:Please help
44:
2083:1825 deaths
2078:1751 births
1158:Bortnyansky
895:in Italian)
875:in Italian)
797:intonations
773:, but also
710:James Blish
660:Tantum Ergo
538:(1776) and
483:Lemko-Rusyn
479:Sumy Oblast
465:Early years
364:Sumy Oblast
289:Bortniansky
285:family name
281:Stepanovich
229:section on
193:Please see
2072:Categories
1709:31 January
1699:"HymnTime"
1167:References
928:Don Carlos
669:Freemasons
611:polychoral
592:Don Carlos
560:a cappella
554:(1779) at
544:(1778) in
491:Małopolska
430:Palestrina
366:, Ukraine)
339:1751-10-28
277:patronymic
121:newspapers
50:improve it
1905:2221-8130
1669:2 January
1523:0277-9269
1475:0277-9269
1143:romanized
1134:Ukrainian
1112:romanized
900:Le faucon
741:Influence
728:Starfleet
715:Star Trek
649:In 1882,
607:polyphony
580:Le Faucon
564:Ave Maria
460:Biography
395:Classical
56:talk page
1578:(2013).
1216:Archived
921:Pavlovsk
909:libretto
905:Gatchina
737:season.
704:carillon
623:cantatas
615:Gabrieli
589:(1786),
583:(1786),
575:libretti
227:WP:PNTCU
2049:(IMSLP)
2045:at the
2035:in the
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535:Creonte
507:Tolstoy
495:Cossack
489:in the
471:Glukhov
448:in the
360:Hlukhiv
347:Glukhov
135:scholar
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1903:
1868:
1860:]
1844:Мотеты
1833:
1808:
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1531:763922
1529:
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1126:listen
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893:Modena
891:(1779
880:Alcide
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871:(1776
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781:, and
735:Easter
673:Russia
645:Legacy
556:Modena
548:, and
546:Venice
541:Alcide
497:under
487:Bartne
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1090:Notes
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681:Wells
629:Death
142:JSTOR
128:books
2052:The
2025:, a
1989:and
1954:ISBN
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1866:ISBN
1831:ISBN
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1711:2009
1671:2012
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1389:ISBN
1369:ISBN
1349:ISBN
1334:link
1302:ISBN
1281:ISBN
1257:ISBN
749:The
440:and
407:O.S.
372:Died
329:Born
221:~~~~
114:news
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2007:in
1998:in
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238:(
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158:(
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149:(
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132:·
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62:(
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