171:
151:
78:
1051:
618:: "An antelope running wild on the plains of Africa should not be considered a document she rules. But if it were to be captured, taken to a zoo and made an object of study, it has been made into a document. It has become physical evidence being used by those who study it. Indeed, scholarly articles written about the antelope are secondary documents, since the antelope itself is the primary document." This opinion has been interpreted as an early expression of
560:", which are three-dimensional objects that would otherwise satisfy the definition of "document" because they memorialize or represent thought; documents are considered more as two-dimensional representations. While documents can have large varieties of customization, all documents can be shared freely and have the right to do so, creativity can be represented by documents, also. History, events, examples, opinions, etc. all can be expressed in documents.
142:
162:
452:
237:
1518:Ărom, A. (2007). The concept of information versus the concept of a document. I: Document (re)turn. Contributions from a research field in transition. Ed. By Roswitha Skare, Niels Windfeld Lund & Andreas VĂ„rheim. Frankfurt is Main: Peter Lang. (pp. 53â72).
599:, exists physically in digital technology as a string of bits, as does everything else in a digital environment. As an object of study, it has been made into a document. It has become physical evidence by those who study it.
1001:
of a document is how information is graphically arranged in the space of the document, e.g., on a page. If the appearance of the document is of concern, the page layout is generally the responsibility of a
591:
increasingly emphasized whatever functioned as a document rather than traditional physical forms of documents. The shift to digital technology would seem to make this distinction even more important.
483:
38:
595:
has said that an emphasis on the technology of digital documents has impeded our understanding of digital documents as documents. A conventional document, such as a mail message or a
1488:
1442:
1358:
476:
469:
251:
246:
1497:
1484:
Schamber, L. (1996). What is a document? Rethinking the concept in uneasy times. Journal of the
American Society for Information Science, 47, 669â671.
1475:
Larsen, P.S. (1999). Books and bytes: Preserving documents for posterity. Journal of the
American Society for Information Science, 50(11), 1020â1027.
456:
572:
as "any concrete or symbolic indication, preserved or recorded, for reconstructing or for proving a phenomenon, whether physical or mental."
1408:
170:
1508:
99:
1216:
1390:
291:
444:
121:
1472:
Houser, L. (1986). Documents: The domain of library and information science. Library and
Information Science Research, 8, 163â188.
1416:
1244:
603:
228:
1364:
1469:
Hjerppe, R. (1994). A framework for the description of generalized documents. Advances in
Knowledge Organization, 4, 173â180.
391:
1493:, In Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2010), Vancouver, Canada, November 2010.
1537:
785:
303:
150:
1255:
is often applied to all documents in the lawsuit so that each document has a unique, arbitrary, identification number.
759:
556:. "Documentation" is distinct because it has more denotations than "document". Documents are also distinguished from "
92:
86:
1174:
986:
545:
195:
1490:
What is Wrong with
Digital Documents? A Conceptual Model for Structural Cross-Media Content Composition and Reuse
610:
as a fundamental, abstract idea: the word denotes everything that may be represented or memorialized to serve as
31:
619:
103:
1299:
1191:
797:
557:
1481:
Riles, A. (Ed.) (2006). Documents: Artifacts of Modern
Knowledge. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI.
931:
647:
299:
287:
1436:
1197:
791:
721:
607:
375:
363:
1478:
Lund, N. W. (2008). Document theory. Annual Review of
Information Science and Technology, 43, 399â432.
1203:
584:
307:
265:
1466:
Frohmann, Bernd (2009). Revisiting "what is a document?", Journal of
Documentation, 65(2), 291â303.
1460:
Briet, S. (1951). Qu'est-ce que la documentation? Paris: Documentaires
Industrielles et Techniques.
1284:
1010:
concerns the design of letter and symbol forms and their physical arrangement in the document (see
925:
871:
695:
553:
549:
387:
283:
269:
1532:
1130:
1015:
977:
773:
311:
187:
1050:
889:
1289:
1079:
815:
752:
714:
643:
341:
532:
denotes "to teach". In the past, the word was usually used to denote written proof useful as
1187:
1164:
1152:
1148:
1102:
1031:
701:
596:
405:
367:
359:
1388:
1333:
1394:
1304:
1252:
1160:
1039:
958:
803:
635:
433:
421:
417:
383:
295:
1071:
1026:. Simple textual documents may not require visual design and may be drafted only by an
1003:
919:
655:
429:
425:
141:
161:
1526:
1279:
1274:
1181:
1090:
1075:
1042:
may require a visual design for their initial fields, but not to complete the forms.
592:
588:
569:
541:
1463:
Buckland, M. (1991). Information and information systems. New York: Greenwood Press.
970:
901:
883:
659:
537:
508:, presented, or memorialized representation of thought, often the manifestation of
379:
371:
199:
1247:. To catalog and manage the large number of documents that may be produced during
236:
1144:
Contemporary electronic means of memorializing and displaying documents include:
646:, or unstructured like a handwritten note. Documents are sometimes classified as
1224:
1134:
1122:
1114:
1035:
1019:
1011:
998:
846:
779:
745:
667:
413:
333:
65:
1294:
1248:
1213:
1067:
1007:
941:
733:
683:
580:
509:
59:
53:
47:
1168:
1126:
1094:
948:
827:
345:
211:
1513:
Institutions, Emotions, and Group Agents.Contributions to Social
Ontology
1240:
1236:
964:
952:
877:
853:
767:
615:
611:
533:
329:
17:
1264:
1086:
913:
859:
833:
821:
809:
727:
677:
663:
651:
513:
505:
501:
409:
1156:
1027:
895:
839:
689:
42:
631:
1078:). Today, some short documents also may consist of sheets of paper
210:: a computer program interpreting a fragment of a clay tablet with
1209:
1138:
1118:
1106:
1098:
1059:
1049:
739:
707:
1269:
1110:
1023:
907:
639:
325:
1511:", in Anita Konzelmann-Ziv, Hans Bernhard Schmid (eds.), 2013.
1063:
865:
763:
575:
An often-cited article concludes that "the evolving notion of
544:, including its structure and format, e.g. fonts, colors, and
71:
1424:(5): 425â436. Archived from the original on 2022-05-06
630:
A document can be structured, like tabular documents,
1324:
Briet, S. (1951). "Qu'est-ce que la documentation?".
1383:
Buckland, M. "What Is a Digital Document?" 1998. In
1235:
Documents in all forms frequently serve as material
1515:(Philosophical Studies Series), Dordrecht: Springer
1243:analysis of such a document is within the scope of
1085:Historically, documents were inscribed with ink on
548:. Contemporarily, "document" is not defined by its
524:, which denotes a "teaching" or "lesson": the verb
1326:Ăditions Documentaires Industrielles et Techniques
985:Such standard documents can be drafted based on a
1360:Fixed or Fluid? Document Stability and New Media.
1101:or carved on stone using a sharp tool, e.g., the
540:, "document" usually denotes a primarily textual
1441:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1022:, especially in industrial documents and public
638:, or scientific charts, semi-structured like a
516:, content. The word originates from the Latin
614:. The classic example provided by Briet is an
568:The concept of "document" has been defined by
1223:Digital documents usually require a specific
1054:A page of a birth register for Jews from 1859
673:Documents are used in numerous fields, e.g.:
477:
8:
1058:Traditionally, the medium of a document was
45:albums redirect here. For these albums, see
654:, or public. They may also be described as
526:
518:
484:
470:
235:
219:
1062:and the information was applied to it in
206:: a vinyl record holding a set of songs.
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1227:to be presentable in a specific medium.
1018:concerns the effective communication of
85:This article includes a list of general
1316:
1239:in criminal and civil proceedings. The
227:
1434:
1070:) or by a mechanical process (e.g., a
552:, e.g., paper, given the existence of
27:Written material conveying information
7:
1066:, either by handwriting (to make a
186:: a word processor document using
91:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
666:, the source is denominated the "
451:
450:
169:
160:
149:
140:
76:
1498:How to Do Things with Documents
1245:questioned document examination
937:mutual nondisclosure agreement,
604:library and information science
229:Library and information science
1125:civilizations. The papyrus or
392:Science and technology studies
1:
1338:people.ischool.berkeley.edu
536:of a truth or fact. In the
1554:
1407:Buckland, Michael (2018).
1332:Buckland, Michael (1991).
1175:Personal digital assistant
908:material safety data sheet
214:about king Shalmaneser III
36:
29:
602:"Document" is defined in
579:" among Jonathan Priest,
32:Document (disambiguation)
1300:Realia (library science)
1192:Portable Document Format
1129:was often rolled into a
1109:; stamped or incised in
356:Interdisciplinary fields
180:Documents across mediums
1190:, typically, using the
1133:or cut into sheets and
1113:and then baked to make
932:nondisclosure agreement
898:(detailed and summary),
798:constitutional document
106:more precise citations.
1417:Knowledge Organization
1334:"Information as Thing"
1055:
527:
519:
300:Information management
288:Collections management
1504:, 50 (2012), 179â198.
1198:Information appliance
1053:
662:. When a document is
608:documentation science
376:Documentation science
364:Communication studies
1204:Digital audio player
1163:; optionally with a
866:request for proposal
620:actorânetwork theory
564:Abstract definitions
554:electronic documents
308:Knowledge management
30:For other uses, see
1538:Information science
1502:Rivista di Estetica
1285:History of the book
926:financial statement
550:transmission medium
388:Information science
284:Archives management
223:Part of a series on
1393:2011-10-02 at the
1385:Document Numérique
1056:
1016:Information design
978:architectural plan
312:Library management
196:Swiss Constitution
1409:"Document theory"
1290:Identity document
1105:described in the
816:identity document
753:newspaper article
715:technical drawing
644:newspaper article
585:Walter SchĂŒrmeyer
494:
493:
132:
131:
124:
39:technical reasons
16:(Redirected from
1545:
1447:
1446:
1440:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1413:
1404:
1398:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1363:, archived from
1357:Levy, David M.,
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1329:
1321:
1217:service provider
1188:Electronic paper
1153:desktop computer
1103:Tablets of Stone
1004:graphic designer
597:technical report
587:, and the other
530:
522:
486:
479:
472:
459:
454:
453:
368:Computer science
360:Archival science
239:
220:
212:cuneiform script
194:: a copy of the
173:
164:
153:
144:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
102:this article by
93:inline citations
80:
79:
72:
21:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1507:Smith, Barry. "
1496:Smith, Barry. "
1456:
1454:Further reading
1451:
1450:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1395:Wayback Machine
1382:
1378:
1370:
1368:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1342:
1340:
1331:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1305:Travel document
1261:
1253:Bates numbering
1233:
1117:, e.g., in the
1097:; scratched as
1048:
995:
959:topographic map
628:
566:
490:
449:
437:
436:
403:
395:
394:
384:Library science
357:
349:
348:
323:
315:
314:
296:Data management
281:
273:
272:
263:
218:
217:
216:
215:
176:
175:
174:
166:
165:
156:
155:
154:
146:
145:
128:
117:
111:
108:
98:Please help to
97:
81:
77:
70:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1551:
1549:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1505:
1494:
1487:Signer, Beat:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1399:
1376:
1349:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1260:
1257:
1232:
1229:
1221:
1220:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1185:
1178:
1172:
1072:printing press
1047:
1044:
994:
991:
983:
982:
981:
980:
974:
968:
962:
946:
945:
944:
938:
935:
929:
923:
920:bill of lading
917:
911:
905:
899:
893:
887:
881:
875:
869:
863:
851:
850:
849:
843:
837:
831:
825:
819:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
783:
777:
760:Administration
757:
756:
755:
749:
743:
737:
731:
719:
718:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
627:
624:
589:documentalists
565:
562:
492:
491:
489:
488:
481:
474:
466:
463:
462:
461:
460:
447:
439:
438:
404:
401:
400:
397:
396:
358:
355:
354:
351:
350:
324:
321:
320:
317:
316:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
264:
261:
260:
257:
256:
255:
254:
249:
241:
240:
232:
231:
225:
224:
178:
177:
168:
167:
159:
158:
157:
148:
147:
139:
138:
137:
136:
135:
130:
129:
84:
82:
75:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1550:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1509:Document Acts
1506:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1444:
1438:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1410:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1387:Paris. 2(2).
1386:
1380:
1377:
1367:on 2013-06-06
1366:
1362:
1361:
1353:
1350:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1280:Documentation
1278:
1276:
1275:Documentality
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1182:e-book device
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:to produce a
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:ancient Egypt
1089:(starting in
1088:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1076:laser printer
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1052:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
992:
990:
988:
979:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
956:
954:
950:
947:
943:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
857:
855:
852:
848:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
771:
769:
765:
761:
758:
754:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
725:
723:
720:
716:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
681:
679:
676:
675:
674:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
625:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
600:
598:
594:
593:David M. Levy
590:
586:
582:
578:
573:
571:
570:Suzanne Briet
563:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
542:computer file
539:
535:
531:
529:
523:
521:
515:
512:, as well as
511:
510:non-fictional
507:
503:
499:
487:
482:
480:
475:
473:
468:
467:
465:
464:
458:
448:
446:
443:
442:
441:
440:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
399:
398:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
353:
352:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
319:
318:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
277:
276:
271:
267:
259:
258:
253:
250:
248:
245:
244:
243:
242:
238:
234:
233:
230:
226:
222:
221:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
172:
163:
152:
143:
134:
126:
123:
115:
105:
101:
95:
94:
88:
83:
74:
73:
68:
67:
62:
61:
56:
55:
50:
49:
44:
40:
33:
19:
1512:
1501:
1489:
1437:cite journal
1426:. Retrieved
1421:
1415:
1402:
1384:
1379:
1369:, retrieved
1365:the original
1359:
1352:
1341:. Retrieved
1337:
1325:
1319:
1234:
1222:
1143:
1123:Mesopotamian
1115:clay tablets
1084:
1057:
996:
984:
884:packing slip
672:
629:
601:
576:
574:
567:
538:Computer Age
525:
517:
497:
495:
380:Epistemology
372:Data science
337:
292:Preservation
208:Bottom-right
207:
203:
191:
183:
179:
133:
118:
109:
90:
64:
58:
52:
46:
1225:file format
1036:transcriber
1020:information
1012:typesetting
999:page layout
902:spreadsheet
847:white paper
786:certificate
774:application
746:photography
445:WikiProject
334:Information
304:cataloguing
270:Information
204:Bottom-left
188:LibreOffice
104:introducing
66:Document 12
1527:Categories
1428:2023-10-18
1371:2023-10-18
1343:2023-10-18
1330:Quoted in
1311:References
1295:Letterhead
1249:litigation
1214:television
1180:Dedicated
1121:and other
1082:together.
1068:manuscript
1008:Typography
942:user guide
792:commission
684:manuscript
581:Paul Otlet
520:Documentum
112:April 2018
87:references
60:Document 8
54:Document 7
48:Document 5
41:, several
1533:Documents
1169:hard copy
1127:parchment
1095:parchment
949:Geography
828:manifesto
583:, Briet,
514:fictional
346:Knowledge
342:Artefacts
338:Documents
266:Libraries
262:Histories
192:Top-right
18:Documents
1391:Archived
1259:See also
1241:forensic
1237:evidence
1141:(book).
1119:Sumerian
993:Drafting
987:template
965:cadastre
953:planning
890:manifest
878:contract
872:proposal
854:Business
768:politics
678:Academia
668:original
616:antelope
612:evidence
577:document
534:evidence
498:document
457:Category
410:Archival
406:Academic
330:Metadata
322:Curation
252:Glossary
184:Top-left
1265:Archive
1165:printer
1149:Monitor
1137:into a
1087:papyrus
1080:stapled
914:waybill
860:invoice
834:summons
822:license
810:gazette
728:mock-up
702:journal
652:private
502:written
434:Special
422:Private
247:Outline
100:improve
1231:In law
1194:(PDF);
1161:tablet
1157:laptop
1131:scroll
1028:author
971:legend
934:(NDA),
896:report
840:census
766:, and
734:script
690:thesis
664:copied
660:proofs
656:drafts
648:secret
558:realia
546:images
455:
430:School
426:Public
418:Health
200:German
89:, but
43:Pg. 99
1412:(PDF)
1210:Radio
1206:; and
1151:of a
1139:codex
1135:bound
1107:Bible
1099:runes
1093:) or
1060:paper
1046:Media
1040:Forms
1034:, or
1032:clerk
1024:signs
780:brief
740:image
722:Media
708:chart
696:paper
642:or a
636:forms
632:lists
626:Kinds
528:doceĆ
506:drawn
500:is a
414:Legal
402:Areas
280:Focus
1443:link
1270:Book
1212:and
1111:clay
997:The
976:and
951:and
940:and
845:and
804:form
751:and
713:and
640:book
606:and
326:Data
306:) -
294:) -
63:and
37:For
1500:",
1074:or
1064:ink
1014:).
764:law
670:".
658:or
198:in
1529::
1439:}}
1435:{{
1422:45
1420:.
1414:.
1336:.
1251:,
1159:,
1155:,
1038:.
1030:,
1006:.
989:.
955::
856::
770::
762:,
724::
680::
650:,
634:,
622:.
504:,
496:A
432:-
428:-
424:-
420:-
416:-
412:-
408:-
390:-
386:-
382:-
378:-
374:-
370:-
366:-
362:-
344:-
340:-
336:-
332:-
328:-
310:-
298:-
286:-
268:-
190:.
182:.
57:,
51:,
1445:)
1431:.
1397:.
1346:.
1328:.
1219:.
1200:;
1184:;
1177:;
1171:;
973:,
967:,
961:,
928:,
922:,
916:,
910:,
904:,
892:,
886:,
880:,
874:,
868:,
862:,
842:,
836:,
830:,
824:,
818:,
812:,
806:,
800:,
794:,
788:,
782:,
776:,
748:,
742:,
736:,
730:,
710:,
704:,
698:,
692:,
686:,
485:e
478:t
471:v
302:(
290:(
202:.
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
96:.
69:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
