714:, but it specifically uses a clicker device as a marker and bridge. Clicker training can also be referred to as marker training. The system uses secondary reinforcer (the clicker) as both a marker/signal and a bridge, to let the animal know that s/he performed the desired behavior correctly and therefore a reward is coming, and to avoid inadvertently reinforcing (rewarding) another behavior that may occur after the desired behavior occurs but before the reinforcer is delivered. Primary reinforcers are reinforcers that are required for life, such as food. Secondary reinforcers are things the animal being trained enjoys but that are not required for life, such as toys, praise, etc. The term 'clicker' comes from a small metal cricket adapted from a child's toy that the trainer uses to precisely mark the desired behavior. Positive reinforcement trainers that don't use clickers still usually use some kind of a marker, such as a whistle, a word, or even a light as the secondary reinforcer, which becomes "conditioned" once the animal learns that its arrival signals the chance to earn a primary reinforcer. The trainer delivers a
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i.e. the shock was administered unpredictably and out of context. Group A did not show a significant rise in stress-indicating salivary cortisol levels, while group R and group H did show a significant rise. This led to the conclusion that animals which were able to clearly associate the electric stimulus with their action, i.e. touching the prey, and consequently were able to predict and control the stressor, did not show considerable or persistent stress indicators, while animals that were not able to control the situation to avoid the shock did show significant stress. The 2017 Ziv meta-review suggested that this 2007 study was flawed. "In the first group, the predictability of the shock could have led to the relatively small increase in cortisol levels, but another explanation is possible. While an increase in the concentration of cortisol can represent an increase in stress", it can also represent the physical activity level of the dog. Indeed, elevation in cortisol concentration can occur as a result of both low-intensity and high-intensity exercise.
774:. This approach takes advantage of the ways dogs and their trainers communicate, understand each other, and make necessary changes. Building on a positive relationship between them, the method sets out to achieve results that benefit both the dog and the trainer, while at the same time enhancing and strengthening their relationship. The basic principles include ensuring that the dog's basic needs have been met before beginning a training session, finding out what motivates the dog and using it to elicit behaviors, interpreting the dog's body language to improve communication between dog and trainer, using positive reinforcement to encourage desired behavior, training incompatible behaviors to replace unwanted behaviors, and controlling the dog's environment to limit the possibility of unwanted behaviours. A relationship-based approach to dog training is not necessarily reliant on using particular training aids or treats but posits that the connection between dog and trainer is sufficiently powerful to achieve the training goals.
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recorded the behavior of dogs in detour tests, in which a favorite toy or food was placed behind a V-shaped fence. The demonstration of the detour by humans significantly improved the dogs' performance in the trials. The experiments showed that dogs are able to rely on information provided by human action when confronted with a new task. Significantly, they did not copy the exact path of the human demonstrator, but adopted the detour behavior shown by humans to reach their goal. A 1977 experiment by Adler and Adler found that puppies who watched other puppies learn to pull a food cart into their cages by an attached ribbon proved considerably faster at the task when later given the opportunity themselves. At 38 days of age, the
329:, she said, "Dogs learn by associating their act with a pleasing or displeasing result. They must be disciplined when they do wrong, but they must also be rewarded when they do right." Negative reinforcement procedures played a key part in Saunders' method, primarily the jerking of the choke chain. The mantra taught to students was "Command! Jerk! Praise!" She felt that food should not be an ongoing reward, but that it was acceptable to use "a tidbit now and then to overcome a problem". Saunders perhaps began the shift away from military and police training methods, stressing repeatedly the importance of reinforcement for good behavior in training—a move toward the positive training methods used today.
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model-rival training involved an interaction between the trainer, the dog, and a person acting as a model-rival, that is, a model for desired behavior and a rival for the trainer's attention. In view of the dog, a dialogue concerning a particular toy commenced between the trainer and the model-rival. The trainer praised or scolded the model-rival depending on whether the model-rival had named the toy correctly. It was found that the performance times for completion of the task were similar for dogs trained with either operant conditioning or the model rival method. In addition, the total training time required for task completion was comparable for both methods.
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to repeated ringing without accompanying visitors, and stops reacting to the meaningless stimuli. It becomes habituated to the noise. On the other side of habituation is sensitization. Some dogs' reactions to the stimuli become stronger instead of them habituating to the repeated stimuli or event. Desensitization is the process of pairing positive experiences with an object, person, or situation that causes fear or anxiety. Consistent exposure to the feared object in conjunction with rewards allows the animal to become less stressed, thereby becoming desensitized in the process. This type of training can be effective for dogs who are fearful of fireworks.
786:, is the basis of the method taught in both class and private training formats. The method is based in the philosophy that a dog acts on its right to choose its actions and that a dog's learned behavior is an act of choice based on its own learning experience. When those choices are influenced by the expectation of reward, the behavior will most likely be repeated (although the Koehler method uses very few rewards). When a dog's choices are influenced by the anticipation of punishment, they will most likely cease. Once the dog has learned that its choices result in comfort or discomfort it can be taught to make the correct decisions.
391:, an explanation of operant-conditioning procedures written for the general public. In the book, Pryor explains why punishment as a way to get people to change often fails, and describes specific positive methods for changing the behavior of husbands, children and pets. Pryor's dog training materials and seminars showed how operant procedures can be used to provide training based on positive reinforcement of good behavior. Pryor and Gary Wilkes introduced clicker training to dog trainers with a series of seminars in 1992 and 1993. Wilkes used aversives as well as rewards, and the philosophical differences soon ended the partnership.
539:) is a form of learning in which one stimulus, the conditioned stimulus, comes to signal the occurrence of a second stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus. Classical conditioning is when a dog learns to associate things in its environment, or discovers some things just go together. A dog may become afraid of rain through an association with thunder and lightning, or it may respond to the owner putting on a particular pair of shoes by fetching its leash. Classical conditioning is used in dog training to help a dog make specific associations with a particular stimulus, particularly in overcoming fear of people and situations.
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irrelevant for most of the behaviors that people want from their dogs, such as coming when called or walking calmly on a leash. Second dominance-submission relationships, once established, are constantly tested and must be regularly reinforced. Thus people, particularly children and the elderly, may not be able to retain their rank and are at risk of being injured if they attempt to do so. Third, dominant individuals gain priority access to resources, but only while they are present, establishing dominance over a dog does not guarantee its behavior when the dominant individual is distant or absent.
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301:, in which he is highly critical of what he calls "tid-bit training techniques" based in "the prattle of 'dog psychologists'". Amongst the training innovations attributed to Koehler is the use of a long line in conjunction with a complete absence of oral communication as a way of instilling attentiveness prior to any leash training. Koehler insisted that participants in his training classes used "emphatic corrections", including leash jerks and throw chains, explaining that tentative, nagging corrections were cruel in that they caused emotional disturbance to the dog.
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the presence of the other dog or other environmental cues. Four necessary conditions for observational learning are: attention, retention, motivation, and production. That is, the dog must pay attention to the dog or person performing the modelled behavior; retain the information gathered about the behavior during the observation; be motivated to reproduce the behavior in a time and place removed from the original; and finally, produce the behavior, or some reasonable facsimile thereof.
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reduced drive or behavioral suppression with respect to critical activities associated with shock (e.g., bite work) makes one skeptical about the lasting adverse effects the authors claim to document. Although they offer no substantive evidence of trauma or harm to dogs, they provide loads of speculation, anecdotes, insinuations of gender and educational inadequacies, and derogatory comments regarding the motivation and competence of IPO trainers in its place."
229:, emphasized using instinctive behavior such as the prey drive to train desired behaviors, advocated the use of compulsion and inducements, differentiated between primary and secondary reinforcers, and described shaping behaviors, chaining components of an activity, and the importance of timing rewards and punishments. The book demonstrated an understanding of the principles of operant conditioning almost thirty years before they were formally outlined by
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investigated the ability of a single dog that was believed to be exceptional in its understanding of language. Both studies revealed the potential for at least some dogs to develop an understanding of a large number of simple commands on the basis of just the sounds emitted by their owners. However, the studies suggested that visual cues from the owner may be important for the understanding of more complex spoken commands.
250:(ABE). In 1955, they opened the "I.Q. Zoo" as both a training facility and a showcase of trained animals. They were among the first to use trained animals in television commercials, and the first to train dolphins and whales as entertainment, as well as for the navy. Keller died in 1965, and in 1976 Marian married Bob Bailey, who had been director of marine mammal training for the navy. They pioneered the use of the
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353:, and the first international celebrity dog trainer. Known for her "no bad dogs" philosophy, Woodhouse was highly critical of "bad owners", particularly those she saw as "overly sentimental". She described the "psychoanalyzing of dogs" as "a lot of rubbish". Her no-nonsense style made her a pop-culture icon, with her emphatic "sit" and catch cry of "walkies" becoming part of the popular vernacular.
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humans must dominate dogs in order to modify their behavior. However, recent studies have shown that wolves in the wild actually live in nuclear families where the mother and father are both considered the pack leaders, and their offspring's status depends on their birth order which does not involve fighting to attain a higher rank, because the young wolves naturally follow their parents' lead.
1003:. Class training can be effective in encouraging socialization and play with a peer group. Classes are often offered at a more affordable rate and can cover both problem behaviors and teach new skills. Classes can range from puppy and beginner training to more advanced training and skill training such as performing tricks, preparing for dog sports such as agility or flyball, or therapy work.
1133:, but for dogs, not horses. It fastens around the back of the dog's neck and over the top of the muzzle, giving more control over a dog's direction and the intensity of pulling on a leash than most collars that fit strictly around the neck. Pressure on this type of collar pulls the dog's nose and consequently their head towards the handler. The head halter is controversial in some quarters.
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380:, the first off-leash training program specifically for puppies, which emphasizes the importance of teaching bite inhibition, sociality, and other basic household manners, to dogs under six months of age. Dunbar has written numerous books, and is known for his international seminar presentations and award-winning videos on puppy and dog behavior and training.
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reactivity. The study summarized by stating "The conclusions, therefore are, that being trained is stressful, that receiving shocks is a painful experience to dogs, and that the S-dogs evidently have learned that the presence of their owner (or his commands) announces reception of shocks, even outside of the normal training context." In 2005, textbook author
305:, a disciple of Koehler's, commented on the widespread criticism of his corrections, with the explanation that it was the emotionally loaded language used in the book that led to a number of court cases, and to the book being banned in Arizona for a time. Despite the controversy, his basic method forms the core of many contemporary training systems.
100:) training, dominance-based training, and balanced training. The use of punishment is controversial with both the humaneness and effectiveness questioned by many behaviorists. Furthermore, numerous scientific studies have found that reward-based training is more effective and less harmful to the dog-owner relationship than punishment-based methods.
196:. Primarily concerned with training hunting dogs such as pointers and setters, the book advocates a form of reward-based training, commenting on men who have "a strong arm and a hard heart to punish, but no temper and no head to instruct" and suggesting "Be to his virtues ever kind. Be to his faults a little blind." Stephen Hammond, a writer for
59:, either for it to assist in specific activities or undertake particular tasks, or for it to participate effectively in contemporary domestic life. While training dogs for specific roles dates back to Roman times at least, the training of dogs to be compatible household pets developed with suburbanization in the 1950s.
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The no-pull harness is worn on the body of the animal. The no-pull harness differs significantly from the standard harness since it makes it harder for the dog to pull. Several designs exist, including an attachment point for the leash on the dog's chest, which turn's the dog's shoulders to one side
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The idea of dominance is dogs is not disputed in peer-reviews papers, but rather, popular argument is over its definition and implications. " Although dominance is correctly a property of relationships, it has been erroneously used to describe a supposed trait of individual dogs, even though there is
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Animal behaviorists assert that using dominance to modify a behavior can suppress the behavior without addressing the underlying cause of the problem. It can exacerbate the problem and increase the dog's fear, anxiety, and aggression. Dogs that are subjected to repeated threats and harsh methods such
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In 2004, a study was published that was based on the observation of a variety of breeds trained for protection work using shock collars, which showed that although using shock collars to train guard dogs can work, it can cause side effects of fear and aggression, indicating heightened uncertainty and
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While the
Koehler method has been used since 1962, some (or all) of the punishment procedures described in the book are now considered not necessary, humane, or appropriate by many trainers. These punishers include the use of a throw chain (applying a sharp hit to the rear to surprise the dog without
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occurs when a behavior is strengthened by producing some desirable consequence; negative reinforcement occurs when a behavior is strengthened by avoiding some undesirable consequence. There are two ways in which behavior is decreased or weakened: negative punishment occurs when a behavior is weakened
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The 21st century has seen a dramatic increase in the adoption of reward-based training. The
International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants, the APDT, BC SPCA in Canada, and in the UK the RSPCA, Dogs Trust Blue Cross and the APDT UK, PACT and the Pet Professional Guild now advocate this kind
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The concepts of "pack" and "dominance" in relation to dog training originated in the 1940s and were popularized by the Monks of New Skete in the 1970s. The model is based on a theory that "dogs are wolves" and since wolves live in hierarchical packs where an alpha male rules over everyone else, then
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where the presence of another dog causes an increase in the intensity of a behavior; and local enhancement which includes pieces of social facilitation, mimicking, and trial-and-error learning, but is different from true observational learning in that the dog actively participates in the behavior in
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Punishment is operationally defined as an event that lowers the probability of the behavior that it follows. It is not "punishment" in the common sense of the word, and does not mean physical or psychological harm and most certainly does not mean abuse. Punishment simply involves the presentation of
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Operant conditioning (or instrumental conditioning) is a form of learning in which an individual's behavior is modified by its consequences. Two complementary motivations drive instrumental learning: the maximization of positive outcomes and minimization of aversive ones. There are two ways in which
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Radosevich, Paul M.; Nash, John A.; Brooks Lacy, D.; O'Donovan, Cormac; Williams, Phillip E.; Abumrad, Naji N. (September 1989). "Effects of low- and high-intensity exercise on plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of ir-β-endorphin, ACTH, cortisol, norepinephrine and glucose in the conscious dog".
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and have banned their use. Supporters claim that the use of shock collars allows training at a distance and the potential to eliminate self-rewarding behavior, and point out that properly used, they have less risk of stress and injury than mechanical devices, such as choke collars (illegal in some
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In the
Koehler method, one example is teaching a dog to lie down. The trainer pulls the dog's front feet forward and pushes down on its back. Once the dog is on the ground, the trainer gives praise. After doing this many times, the dog learns that the trainer wants it to lie down by itself. At that
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Non-associative learning is a change in a response to a stimulus that does not involve associating the presented stimulus with another stimulus or event such as reward or punishment. Habituation is non-associative learning. An example is where a dog that reacts excitedly to a door bell is subjected
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detection team. Their relatively small size enables them to fit into small spaces, and their light weight allows them to walk on areas of ceiling which would be dangerous to anything heavier. In fact, although unusual, termite detection dogs are much more reliable at detecting termites than humans
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Some activities such as jumping up or chasing squirrels are intrinsically rewarding, the activity is its own reward, and with some activities the environment may provide reinforcement such as when the response from a dog next door encourages barking. To change this kind of self-rewarding behavior,
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Positive reinforcement training is also known as humane training, force-free training, and reward-based training. Positive reinforcement training employs the use of rewards to reinforce wanted behavior. For unwanted behavior, this training method uses four other techniques: extinction (letting the
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is the learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others. This form of learning does not need reinforcement to occur; instead, a model animal is required. While the model may not be intentionally trying to instill any particular behavior, many behaviors that are observed are remembered
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occurs when a dog ceases to respond in a situation where it has no option to avoid a negative event. For learned helplessness to occur, the event must be both traumatic and outside the dog's control. Family dogs that are exposed to unpredictable or uncontrolled punishment are at risk of developing
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were divided into three groups. Group A received an electric shock when the dogs touched the prey (a rabbit dummy fixed to a motion device). Group H received a shock when they did not obey a previously trained recall command during hunting. Dogs in group R received the electric shock arbitrarily,
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can be triggered remotely at the trainers discretion, or are triggered by barking, or fencing that activates when a dog crosses a buried wire. The most common form of electronic training is the shock collar, although there are also collars that use vibration, tone, or a spray of liquid, typically
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Pups between the ages of 9–12 weeks who were permitted to observe their narcotics-detecting mothers at work generally proved more capable at learning the same skills at six months of age than control puppies the same age who were not previously allowed to watch their mothers working. A 2001 study
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need, so it can be food, a game, or a demonstration of affection. Different dogs will find different things reinforcing. Negative reinforcement occurs when a dog discovers that a particular response ends the presentation of an aversive stimulus. An aversive is anything that the dog does not like,
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since punishment comes with side effects such as "problematic behaviours such as fear and aggression" and extinction does not work in these cases, positive trainers will either train an alternate incompatible behavior, train the opposite behavior (and then not cue it), or change the environment.
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began obedience trials, and in the following years popular magazines raised public awareness of the benefits of having a trained pet dog, and of the recreational possibilities of dog training as a hobby. After WWII, the increasing complexities of suburban living demanded that for a pet dog's own
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played a major role in developing empirically validated and humane animal training methods and in promoting their widespread implementation. Marian was a graduate student under B.F. Skinner. Her first husband Keller
Breland also came to study with Skinner and they collaborated with him, training
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gives his opinion of this study, writing "Schilder and Van der Borg (2004) have published a report of disturbing findings regarding the short-term and long- term effects of shock used in the context of working dogs that is destined to become a source of significant controversy... The absence of
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to label a large number of objects. McKinley and Young undertook a pilot study on the applicability of a modified version of the model-rival method to the training of domestic dogs, noting that the dog's origins as a member of large and complex social groups promote observational learning. The
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Action→memory→desire encapsulates the learning pattern used by the method; the dog acts, remembers the consequences, and forms the desire to repeat or avoid those consequences. Adherents believe that once the behavior has been correctly taught, it should be performed, thus making any punishing
575:. The domestic dog is a social species and its social dependency makes it aware of the behavior of others, which contributes to its own behavior and learning abilities. There is, however, ongoing discussion about how much, and how, dogs can learn by interacting with each other and with people.
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had served as principal trainer at the War Dog
Training Center, in California, and after the war became chief trainer for the Orange Empire Dog Club—at the time, the largest dog club in the United States—instructor for a number of breed clubs, and a dog trainer for the Walt Disney
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Researchers have described several reasons why the dominance model is a poor choice for dog training. First, a relationship based on dominance is established to gain priority access to scarce resources, not to impose particular behaviors on the less dominant animal, so the dominance model is
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Dogs have become closely associated with humans through domestication and have also become sensitive to human communicative signals. Generally, they have a lot of exposure to human speech, especially during play, and are believed to have a good ability to recognize human speech. Two studies
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occurs when a behavior is weakened by producing a consequence that is a disincentive. In combination, these basic reinforcing and punishing contingencies provide four ways for modifying behavior. Reinforcement increases the relative probability or frequency of the behavior it follows, while
407:, prong collars and choke collars. Even where legal, "Organizations advocating against the use of prong and choke collars include: CHS, RSPCA UK, RSPCA Australia, RSPCA South Australia, the Canadian Advisory Council on National Shelter Standards, CVMA, ACVB, ABTC, PACT, APDT UK, and APDT".
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The movement of military dog training to positive reinforcement methods is partly because aversive methods cause "fear or distress and poor performance in military working dogs". Military dogs trained with positive reinforcement "demonstrated increased confidence and overall performance."
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A clicker is a small instrument, usually made of plastic and containing a small strip of bent metal that makes a "click" noise when depressed. The metal may be pressed directly with the thumb or by an external button. Clickers are often used in positive reinforcement-based training (or
221:, where he carried out original research into training dogs for a broad range of service tasks. At the outbreak of war in 1914 he was charged with organising and directing the use of dogs to further the war effort. He headed the Experimental Institute for Armed Forces' Dogs during the
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The 21st century has seen the proliferation of television programs and accompanying books that feature dog training and rehabilitation. "Unfortunately, if dog owners decide to consult a book, some of the most popular – and enduring – dog training books include erroneous information".
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for training animals at a distance. ABE went on to train thousands of animals of more than 140 species. Their work had significant public exposure through press coverage of ABE-trained animals, bringing the principles of behavior analysis and operant conditioning to a wide audience.
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Learned irrelevance is where dogs that are overexposed to a stimulus or cue learn the cue is irrelevant because the exposure has proven to be uneventful. So a dog owner who continually says "Sit, sit" without response or consequence, inadvertently teaches the dog to ignore the cue.
239:. While publishers of the 2001 reprint warn that some of the "compulsive inducements" such as the switch, the spiked collar and the forced compliance are unnecessarily harsh for today's pet dogs, the basic principles of Most's methods are still used in police and military settings.
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in 1978 and it became an immediate best seller. Despite advocating a philosophy that "understanding is the key to communication and compassion with your dog", they endorsed confrontational punishments which were later shown to elicit dangerously aggressive responses in many dogs.
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gives this argument and also argues that the term is poorly defined. Colin
Tennant, who is the chairman of the Canine and Feline Behaviour Association, said: "It is political correctness. If you treat a dog like a human it will treat you like a dog". Psychologist and dog trainer
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behavior go away by itself); training an incompatible behavior; putting the behavior on cue (then almost never giving the cue); shaping the absence of the behavior (reinforcing everything that is not the undesired behavior); or changing the environment/motivation. It is based in
458:. The Association of Pet Dog Trainers advises that television programs are produced primarily for entertainment, and while all programs will have good and not-so-good points, the viewer should critically evaluate the information before deciding which training tips to adopt.
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Although research into how dogs learn and into cross-species communication has changed the approach to dog training in recent decades, understanding the role of early trainers and scientists contributes to an appreciation of how particular methods and techniques developed.
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Training can take as many forms as there are trainers, however a detailed study of animal trainers found common characteristics of successful methods: thoughtful interpretation of what the animal does prior to training, accurate timing, and consistent communication.
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A 2017 meta-review of seventeen peer-reviewed studies found that, even when used correctly, "The results show that using aversive training methods (e.g., positive punishment and negative reinforcement) can jeopardize both the physical and mental health of dogs."
225:, and afterwards ran the German Dog Farm, a centre for the training of working dogs, including assistance dogs for the blind. He played a leading role in the formation of the German Canine Research Society and Society for Animal Psychology. His 1910 publication,
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wrote that, "It's essential that the humans be Pack
Leaders, with the dog following. If a dog does not have strong pack leadership from its humans, it may become unbalanced, which can lead to confusion, anxiety, or aggression and behavior problems in the dog".
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disturbances associated with the learned helplessness disorder. Punishment which is poorly coordinated with identifiable avoidance cues or response options, such as when punishment takes place long after the event, meet the criteria of inescapable trauma.
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of training exclusively. Veterinarians are also switching to advocating reward-based training, and the 2015 AAHA Canine and Feline
Behavior Management Guidelines include guidelines that state that trainers should only use positive methods.
646:, where compulsion and corrections are both difficult and dangerous. Positive reinforcement training requires time and patience to control the rewards the dog receives for behavior, but has no side effects (such as fear or aggression).
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Individualized or one-to-one training is helpful for the trainer to focus on an individual dog's abilities and needs, as well as address a specific owner's preferences and circumstance. Any behaviour problems are best addressed by a
725:, although this is a term used in the context of humans, not animal training. It's for this very reason (to prevent this effect) that it's standard practice for trainers do the following: after initial training with a fixed ratio of
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Dog training is the act of teaching a dog particular skills or behaviors. Dog training includes teaching a dog to react to particular commands and cues as well as to act independently by deliberately changing their natural behavior.
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Feng, Lynna C; Howell, Tiffani J; Bennett, Pauleen C (11 February 2017). "Comparing trainers' reports of clicker use to the use of clickers in applied research studies: methodological differences may explain conflicting results".
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Clicker training is so precise that it can be used to "shape" behavior. New trainers have used the precision possible with clickers to introduce techniques that dogs focus calmly, like the "look at that game" and "click to calm".
607:, which is distinct from conditioning methods such as operant and classical conditioning. Cognitive learning is a process wherein dogs acquire and process information, rather than develop conditioned responses to stimuli.
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when it pulls, or by constricting across the shoulders and back. Like the head halter, the no-pull harness does not teach the dog not to pull, it only makes it more physically difficult for the dog to continue pulling.
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Herron, Meghan E.; Shofer, Frances S.; Reisner, Ilana R. (1 February 2009). "Survey of the use and outcome of confrontational and non-confrontational training methods in client-owned dogs showing undesired behaviors".
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Pongrácz, Péter; Miklósi, Ádám; Kubinyi, Enik; Gurobi, Kata; Topál, József; Csányi, Vilmos (1 December 2001). "Social learning in dogs: the effect of a human demonstrator on the performance of dogs in a detour task".
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Herron, Meghan E.; Shofer, Frances S.; Reisner, Ilana R. (February 2009). "Survey of the use and outcome of confrontational and non-confrontational training methods in client-owned dogs showing undesired behaviors".
185:, recorded advice on raising and training puppies for herding livestock. His writings indicate that not only was dog training for specific tasks well established, but that the value of early training was recognized.
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Laule, Gail E.; Bloomsmith, Mollie A.; Schapiro, Steven J. (1 July 2003). "The Use of
Positive Reinforcement Training Techniques to Enhance the Care, Management, and Welfare of Primates in the Laboratory".
520:) when the wrong behavior is performed, such as the trainer eating the cheese that would have been the reward. A behavior that has previously been developed may cease if reinforcement stops; this is called
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Dog training usually involves the basic obedience training to establish control over the animal and can then progress to more advanced specialist training. Basic obedience training includes teaching a dog:
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Feuerbacher, Erica N.; Wynne, Clive D.L. (January 2015). "Shut up and pet me! Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) prefer petting to vocal praise in concurrent and single-alternative choice procedures".
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countries ) or prong collars (prong collars are also illegal in many countries). Opponents of shock collars cite the risks of physical and psychological trauma associated with incorrect or abusive use.
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While resistance to using food for dog training is a common sticking point in the adoption of humane methods, food, including training treats, is a more effective reward than either petting or praise.
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McKinley, Sue; Young, Robert J (21 May 2003). "The efficacy of the model–rival method when compared with operant conditioning for training domestic dogs to perform a retrieval–selection task".
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A 2009 study by Herron et al. suggest that aversives such as shock collars, as well as lesser aversives such as yelling, risk side effects of increasing behavior problems including aggression.
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Hammerle, Marcy; Horst, Christine; Levine, Emily; Overall, Karen; Radosta, Lisa; Rafter-Ritchie, Marcia; Yin, Sophia (July 2015). "2015 AAHA Canine and Feline
Behavior Management Guidelines".
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Guilherme Fernandes, Joana; Olsson, I. Anna S.; Vieira de Castro, Ana Catarina (November 2017). "Do aversive-based training methods actually compromise dog welfare?: A literature review".
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Browne, Clare M.; Starkey, Nicola J.; Foster, T. Mary; McEwan, James S. (18 August 2017). "Examination of the Accuracy and Applicability of Information in Popular Books on Dog Training".
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Arhant, Christine (March 2010). "Behaviour of smaller and larger dogs: Effects of training methods, inconsistency of owner behaviour and level of engagement in activities with the dog".
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A bite training tug is a tool usually used for prey drive and retrieve developing skills. Bite training tug is frequently used in to teach a directed bite as in police, military and
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and Rico in controlled research environments. Both Rico and Chaser demonstrated the ability to infer the names of objects without conditioning and remember them indefinitely.
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Dog Breaking: The Most Expeditious, Certain and Easy Method, Whether Great Excellence or Only Mediocrity Be Required, With Odds and Ends for Those Who Love the Dog and the Gun
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Slabbert, J. M.; Rasa, O. Anne E. (1 July 1997). "Observational learning of an acquired maternal behaviour pattern by working dog pups: an alternative training method?".
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Schalke, E.; Stichnoth, J.; Ott, S.; Jones-Baade, R. (1 July 2007). "Clinical signs caused by the use of electric training collars on dogs in everyday life situations".
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Consistency of the owner's application, their level of understanding, and training/behavior and level of engagement can influence the effectiveness of any technique.
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Based on the principles of social learning, model-rival training uses a model, or a rival for attention, to demonstrate the desired behavior. The method was used by
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Troisi, Camille A.; Mills, Daniel S.; Wilkinson, Anna; Zulch, Helen E. (2019). "Behavioral and Cognitive Factors That Affect the Success of Scent Detection Dogs".
2726:
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Dreschel, Nancy A.; Granger, Douglas A. (December 2005). "Physiological and behavioral reactivity to stress in thunderstorm-phobic dogs and their caregivers".
1932:
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discovered that despite evidence on the peak learning periods in animals, few dog trainers worked with puppies before they were six months old. Dunbar founded
281:. Lorenz stated that there were three essential commands to teach a dog: "lie down" (stay where you are), "basket" (go over there) and "heel" (come with me).
5087:
Fukuzawa, M; Mills, DS; Cooper, JJ (February 2005). "The effect of human command phonetic characteristics on auditory cognition in dogs (Canis familiaris)".
4625:
Schilder, Matthijs B. H; van der Borg, Joanne A. M (25 March 2004). "Training dogs with help of the shock collar: short and long term behavioural effects".
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3308:
965:. This is because of a combination of factors including their food drive which enables them to keep focused on a task despite noise and other distractions.
4449:
Animal Welfare Dog Ordinance of May 2, 2001 (BGBl. I p. 838), which has been amended by Article 1 of the Ordinance of November 25, 2021 (BGBl. I p. 4970).
2544:
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In considering the natural behaviors of specific breeds of dogs, it is possible to train them to perform specialized, highly useful, tasks. For example,
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was a marine-mammal trainer who used Skinner's operant principles to teach dolphins and develop marine-mammal shows. In 1984, she published her book,
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Training treats may be used as rewards for completing the desired behavior by trainers who practice reward-based (positive reinforcement) training.
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began training dogs for police work in Germany, and was appointed principal of the State Breeding and Training Establishment for police dogs in
5757:
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Chiandetti, Cinzia; Avella, Silvia; Fongaro, Erica; Cerri, Francesco (November 2016). "Can clicker training facilitate conditioning in dogs?".
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dog training. Tug "toys" made of any combination of fleece, fur, and rubber are often used as motivators when training in dog sports such as
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Hiby, E.F; Rooney, N.J; Bradshaw, J.W.S (2004). "Dog training methods: their use, effectiveness and interaction with behaviour and welfare".
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639:, which says that actions that produce rewards tend to increase in frequency and actions that do not produce rewards decrease in frequency.
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wrote, "You are the alpha dog... You must communicate that you are the pack leader and dominant". Mexican-American dog trainer and author
3182:
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Tugs and toys are often used by reward-based (positive reinforcement) trainers when the dog is more motivated by playing than by food.
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In 1965, John Paul Scott and John Fuller identified the critical periods for learning and social development in puppies, and published
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Bradshaw, John W.S.; Blackwell, Emily J.; Casey, Rachel A. (May 2009). "Dominance in domestic dogs—useful construct or bad habit?".
4725:
782:
The Koehler method uses primarily punishment and negative reinforcement (the removing of an aversive) to train dogs. The 1962 book,
4430:
Permanent Mission of Switzerland to the United Nations Office and to the other international organisations in Geneva. Manual: Pets.
2449:
4955:
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https://www.eda.admin.ch/missions/mission-onu-geneve/en/home/manual-regime-privileges-and-immunities/introduction/manual-pets.html
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2755:
5287:
Fukuzawa, Megumi; Hayashi, Naomi (July 2013). "Comparison of 3 different reinforcements of learning in dogs (Canis familiaris)".
3783:
Magnus, Riin. "Semiotics in the interaction of guide dogs and visually impaired persons." Tartu Semiotics Library 18 (2016): 256.
2627:
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Haverbeke, Anouck; Messaoudi, Frédéric; Depiereux, Eric; Stevens, Miguel; Giffroy, Jean-Marie; Diederich, Claire (March 2010).
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Le chien, de vous à lui ! TOME 1: Comprendre et éduquer son chien – La méthode Salivaire – Réglementation et obligations
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2403:
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Rooney, N.J; Cowan, S (2011). "Training methods and owner–dog interactions: Links with dog behaviour and learning ability".
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Also, in the 21st century, many countries have adopted laws banning dog training methods using aversives such as the use of
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https://spanishnewstoday.com/animal_protection_law_in_spain_gets_the_green_light_after_months_of_delays_1736118-a.html
2335:
2134:
1089:
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Alexander, Michael Ben; Friend, Ted; Haug, Lore (July 2011). "Obedience training effects on search dog performance".
710:
is a type of positive reinforcement training. Like all positive reinforcement training, clicker training is based on
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may react with aggression not because they are trying to be dominant, but because they feel threatened and afraid.
4133:
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Pilley, John W.; Reid, Alliston K. (February 2011). "Border collie comprehends object names as verbal referents".
477:
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Spanish News Today. Animal Protection Law in Spain gets the green light after months of delays. 16 February 2022.
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https://www.connexionfrance.com/article/French-news/France-bans-training-dog-collars-that-cause-pain-to-animals#
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825:) for training dogs is the subject of considerable controversy. Many European countries view shock collars as
516:) when the wrong behavior is performed, such as a snap of the leash, or the removal of a desired consequence (
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puppies took an average of 697 seconds to succeed, while the observers succeeded in an average of 9 seconds.
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was a staunch advocate of pet-dog training, travelling throughout the U.S. to promote obedience classes. In
5197:"Efficacy of Dog Training With and Without Remote Electronic Collars vs. a Focus on Positive Reinforcement"
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721:
Critics of clicker training (and positive reinforcement training in general) claim that it is prone to the
55:
which uses the environmental events of antecedents (trigger for a behavior) and consequences to modify the
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https://el-lorquino.com/2022/02/16/espana/espana-aprobara-el-viernes-la-ley-de-proteccion-animal/134443/
2910:
886:
850:
654:"All of the animals used for commercials, TV shows, and movies are trained with positive reinforcement."
247:
242:
113:
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Austria Digital Government Agency. General information on keeping dogs in a species-appropriate manner.
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are able to be trained to find people with their sense of smell (as opposed to their sense of sight).
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https://www.oesterreich.gv.at/en/themen/freizeit_und_strassenverkehr/haustiere/1/1/Seite.742110.html
3937:
Peters, Kerri P.; Vollmer, Timothy R. (1 June 2014). "Evaluations of the Overjustification Effect".
3344:
1377:
Ritner, Mike. “Navy SEAL Dogs: My Tale of Training Canines for Combat.” St. Martin's Griffin. 2015.
246:
pigeons to guide bombs. The Brelands saw the commercial possibilities of operant training, founding
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6436:
5782:
4990:
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1286:
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583:
524:. A dog that paws its owner for attention will eventually stop if it no longer receives attention.
517:
513:
492:
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Adler, Leonore Loeb; Adler, Helmut E. (May 1977). "Ontogeny of observational learning in the dog (
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4536:
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Seligman, ME; Maier, SF; Geer, JH (June 1968). "Alleviation of learned helplessness in the dog".
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Because of their ability to learn signals by sight and for their energetic and athletic natures,
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715:
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The majority of trainers of search-and-rescue dogs prefer to use positive reinforcement and most
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214:
37:
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Psychology Today. “Should Dogs Be Shocked, Choked, or Pronged? Marc Bekoff Ph.D. April 25, 2019.
2450:
https://www.petprofessionalguild.com/resources/Position%20Statements/A%20Call%20for%20Change.pdf
1956:"Operant psychology goes to the fair: Marian and Keller Breland in the popular press, 1947–1966"
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are able to be trained for work alongside search and rescue teams and human apprehension teams.
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them knowing who hit them), electric shocks, slingshots, and suspending the dog off the ground.
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Publico. El Gobierno aprobará este próximo viernes la Ley de Protección Animal. 15 March 2022.
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Ritner, Mike. “Team Dog: How to Train Your Dog--the Navy SEAL Way.” G.P. Putnam's Son. 2016.
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Excel-erated Learning: Explaining in Plain English how Dogs Learn and how Best to Teach Them
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The Connexion. France bans training dog collars that cause pain to animals. 18 January 2023.
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https://www.publico.es/sociedad/gobierno-aprobara-proximo-viernes-ley-proteccion-animal.html
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2360:: content/uploads/BC SPCA Position Statement Animal Training.pdf Accessed September 1, 2017.
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The Dog's Guide to Famous Owners: A Walkies Through History with Some Very Important Pooches
2012:
1975:
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Haverbeke, A.; Laporte, B.; Depiereux, E.; Giffroy, J.-M.; Diederich, C. (September 2008).
2541:"Germany - Cruelty - German Animal Welfare Act | Animal Legal & Historical Center"
6183:
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4465:
4446:
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McDevitt, Leslie. “Control Unleashed Reactive To Relaxed.” First Stone Publishing. 2019.
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987:
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point, of the dog doesn't obey right away, the trainer sharply tugs on the choke collar.
361:
48:
4721:
2690:"Fynsk dyrlæge forarget over salg af stødhalsbånd: Hundene ved ikke, hvad der rammer dem"
4519:
Ziv, Gal (May 2017). "The effects of using aversive training methods in dogs—A review".
3896:"Efficiency of working dogs undergoing a new Human Familiarization and Training Program"
3865:"Training methods of military dog handlers and their effects on the team's performances"
6469:
6055:
6029:
5223:
5196:
4781:"Position Statement on the Use of Dominance Theory in Behavior Modification of Animals"
4458:
3665:
Dennison, Pamela. “The Complete Idiot's Guide to Positive Dog Training”. Penguin, 2003.
2016:
1980:
1955:
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punishment decreases the relative probability or frequency of the behavior it follows.
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129:
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Most working dogs are now trained using reward-based methods, sometimes referred to as
4354:
El Lorquino. Spain will approve the Animal Protection Law on Friday. 16 February 2022.
4118:
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Jantorno, Gustavo Machado; Xavier, Carlos Henrique; Melo, Cristiano Barros de (2020).
3458:
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6553:
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6510:
6474:
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6381:
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6126:
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Drews, Carlos (1993). "The concept and definition of dominance in animal behaviour".
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Electronic training involves the use of an electronic device as an aversive, usually
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that hunting dogs be praised and rewarded with meat for doing the correct behavior.
163:– neutrality or excitement when appropriate during a reaction with the outside world
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3642:
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1498:
Todd, Zazie (May 2018). "Barriers to the adoption of humane dog training methods".
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659:
615:
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97:
96:
Training methods that emphasize punishment include the Koehler method, electronic (
56:
5018:
4045:
Parsons, Emma. “Click to Calm: Healing the Aggressive Dog.” Sunshine Books. 2004.
1746:
The action of teaching a person or animal a particular skill or type of behaviour.
1678:
Ziv, G (2017). "The effects of using aversive training methods in dogs—A review".
1213:) during training, including the following (which are illegal in some countries):
112:
Dogs have been trained to perform a large number of practical functions including
5662:
Love Is All You Need: The Revolutionary Bond-Based Approach to Educating Your Dog
5328:
3560:
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2950:
Review of dog training methods: welfare, learning ability, and current standards
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663:
578:
The term "observational learning" encompasses several closely related concepts:
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71:
62:
A dog learns from interactions it has with its environment. This can be through
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2628:"Netherlands to ban shock collars for dogs, limit breeding of 'designer cats'"
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or mimicking where, for example, puppies follow or copy others of their kind;
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21st century dog training TV shows that are primarily entertainment include
121:
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3486:
3282:
2881:
2490:
2331:
1989:
1880:
481:
Positive reinforcement can involve a game or toy, such as this tennis ball.
132:. Dogs have also been trained to perform recreational functions, including
82:, where it forms an association between an antecedent and its consequence.
5724:
5248:"The Feeding Behavior of Dogs Correlates with their Responses to Commands"
5246:
Okamoto, Yuta; Ohtani, Nobuyo; Uchiyama, Hidehiko; Ohta, Mitsuaki (2009).
4669:
4603:
3702:
Rooney, Nicola J.; Clark, Corinna C.A.; Casey, Rachel A. (November 2016).
3525:
3361:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2482:
1542:
1434:
Rooney, Nicola J.; Clark, Corinna C.A.; Casey, Rachel A. (November 2016).
885:
Defenders of dominance-based training argue that critics are motivated by
17:
6421:
6416:
6401:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6281:
6266:
6178:
6151:
5936:
5905:
5774:
4468:
Federal Ministry of Germany. The Judiciary Animal Welfare Act. Section 3.
4006:
3533:
3033:"Can I Train My Dog Just Like They Do On TV? Reality TV versus Real Life"
1310:
1210:
266:
265:, an Austrian scientist who is regarded as developing the foundations of
67:
5264:
5247:
3651:
1409:"An Animal Trainer's Introduction To Operant and Classical Conditioning"
6216:
6146:
6111:
6024:
5984:
5950:
5926:
5917:
5873:
5853:
5846:
5792:
5460:, (Marjorie Kerr Wilson, Trans.) Hagerstown, MA: Kodansha America, 1994
5180:
3016:
1971:
1165:
1036:
1028:
979:
695:
5596:
The Domestic Dog: Its Evolution, Behavior and Interactions with People
5440:
Handbook of Applied Dog Behavior and Training, Adaptation and Learning
3848:
1199:") to indicate to the dog when it has completed the desired behavior.
5989:
5895:
5868:
5814:
4854:
Bernstein, Irwin S. (1981). "Dominance: The Baby and the Bathwater".
4383:
https://wc-wdsf2022.eu/useful-information/swedish-animal-welfare-laws
3353:
2813:
841:
218:
137:
289:
protection and its owner's convenience, the dog should be obedient.
5195:
China, Lucy; Mills, Daniel S.; Cooper, Jonathan J. (22 July 2020).
4819:
Yin, S (July 2007). "Dominance versus leadership in dog training".
5977:
5967:
5962:
5885:
5517:
How to be Your Dog's Best Friend: A Training Manual for Dog Owners
3795:"Narcotic detection dogs: an overview of high-performance animals"
2356:
BCSPCA, 2016. Position statement on animal training. Available at
756:
689:
476:
366:
How to Be Your Dog's Best Friend: A Training Manual for Dog Owners
312:
154:
Heeling – teaching the dog to walk on or off lead with the handler
31:
4273:"FINLEX ® - Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö: Eläinsuojelulaki 247/1996"
2752:"FINLEX ® - Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö: Eläinsuojelulaki 247/1996"
1847:"A Toast to Most: Konrad Most, a 1910 Pioneer in Animal Training"
269:
research, further popularized animal behaviorism with his books,
4440:
https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/tierschhuv/BJNR083800001.html
2599:"Elektronische halsband voor honden vanaf volgend jaar verboden"
821:
citronella when triggered. The use of electric shock aversives (
642:
Positive reinforcement (motivational) training has its roots in
5739:
2564:
2562:
5836:
5766:
2183:
2181:
2028:
2026:
1901:
1899:
1076:
2781:"Notkun rafmagnsólarinnar tilkynnt sem ill meðferð til MAST"
1599:
1597:
1595:
5526:, (J. Cleugh, Trans.), New York: Dogwise Publishing, 2001.
4662:
Handbook of Applied Dog Behavior and Training, Volume Three
5539:
Don't Shoot the Dog!: The New Art of Teaching and Training
662:
are now trained using reward-based methods. These include
5024:(First Fireside ed.). Simon & Schuster. p.
4392:
Swedish Animal Welfare Regulations. WDSF World Cup, 2022.
3119:
3117:
2502:
2500:
2003:
Tinbergen, N. (1963). "On aims and methods of Ethology".
508:
such as verbal admonishment, or a tightened choke chain.
389:
Don't Shoot the Dog: The New Art of Teaching and Training
93:, model-rival training, and relationship-based training.
4296:
4294:
2928:
2926:
2357:
499:
Typical positive reinforcement events will satisfy some
5735:
5681:
The Genius of Dogs: How Dogs Are Smarter Than You Think
3704:"Minimizing fear and anxiety in working dogs: A review"
2052:
2050:
1954:
Bailey, Robert E.; Gillaspy, J. Arthur (October 2005).
1923:
Bihm, Elson M.; J. Arthur Gillaspy, Jr. (1 June 2012).
1436:"Minimizing fear and anxiety in working dogs: A review"
1093:
770:
Relationship-based training is built upon the ideas of
3104:
3102:
89:
training. Other reward-based training methods include
40:, which primarily trains using positive reinforcement.
3588:
3586:
983:
who rely on a basic system of tapping and listening.
66:, where it forms an association between two stimuli;
4459:
https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/tierschg/__3.html
837:
Three of the seventeen studies are summarized here:
6488:
6455:
6372:
6237:
6192:
6048:
6005:
5773:
5499:
Cesar's Rules: Your Way to Train a Well-Behaved Dog
4749:"Dog Training and the Myth of Alpha-Male Dominance"
4340:
4338:
3397:"Young Dogs Can Learn From Older Well-Behaved Dogs"
2471:
Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association
1011:Dogs are also trained for special purposes such as
5017:
4956:"Pet trainers tussle over whose method is top dog"
4786:. American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior.
1929:The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture
372:In the 1980s, veterinarian and animal behaviorist
5480:Carrots and Sticks: Principles of Animal Training
5050:"Natural Dog Law 5: Dogs Are Social Pack Animals"
3035:. Association of Pet Dog Trainers. Archived from
2535:
2533:
610:One example of cognitive learning in dogs is the
2421:"What to do if your dog has a behaviour problem"
729:is completed, the reward ratio is switched to a
491:by not producing a reinforcing consequence; and
3305:"Burning Question: Why do dogs hate fireworks?"
3138:Learning and Behavior: A Contemporary Synthesis
2593:
2591:
1732:. Oxford University Press. 2019. Archived from
1576:The Thinking Dog: Crossover to Clicker Training
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
889:. Portuguese author on the behavior of animals
733:, which produces extremely resilient behavior.
157:Stay – teaching the dog not to stray on command
5148:
5074:
4318:
4316:
2657:"Achtung vor verbotenen Halsbändern für Hunde"
2401:http://www.dogstrustdogschool.org.uk/training/
5751:
2981:
2775:
2773:
2622:
2620:
2305:
2187:
2104:
2032:
1905:
1823:
1799:
1712:
1394:
8:
4949:
4947:
3828:Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews
2684:
2682:
2162:Genetics and the Social Behaviour of the Dog
1039:; and to undertake particular roles such as
794:correction, fair, reasonable, and expected.
718:, such as treat, after the noise or signal.
148:Recall – teaching the dog to come on command
5628:Genetics and the Social Behavior of the Dog
5626:Scott, John P.; and John L. Fuller (1965).
5497:Millan, Cesar; Peltier, Melissa Jo (2010).
4724:. Association of Pet Behavior Counsellors.
4514:
4512:
4227:
3601:
3160:
2882:"Elhalsband gav plågsamma skador på hunden"
2808:
2806:
2651:
2649:
2371:"How To Find the Right Dog Trainer | RSPCA"
1918:
1916:
1914:
1787:
961:are the favored breed for the detection of
882:little evidence that such a trait exists".
334:Genetics and the Social Behavior of the Dog
5758:
5744:
5736:
2160:Scott, John Paul; Fuller, John L. (1974).
2135:"The Evolution of Modern-Day Dog Training"
1811:
5263:
5222:
5212:
5179:
4476:
4474:
4161:"Relationship Based Approach to Training"
4005:
3847:
3810:
3650:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3343:
3263:Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science
3015:
2875:
2873:
2841:
2839:
2211:
2199:
1979:
1870:
70:, where its behavior is modified through
5421:Dog Breaking for the Gun: The Most Exped
4246:. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
4134:"Why We Use Relationship-Based Training"
2725:. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
2399:Dogs Trust, n.d. Training. Available at
2332:"Who Started Clicker Training for Dogs?"
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
1111:
486:behavior is reinforced or strengthened:
181:In around 127-116 B.C., a Roman farmer,
151:Sit – teaching the dog to sit on command
5630:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
5478:McGreevy, Paul; Boakes, Robert (2011).
5362:Burch, Mary R.; Bailey, Jon S. (1999).
4814:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4188:
3247:
3123:
3093:
3081:
3069:
3057:
2846:Lindin, Ina-Kristin (27 January 2017).
2080:
2068:
2056:
1931:. The Central Arkansas Library System.
1765:. The State of Victoria. 18 July 2019.
1603:
1353:
4747:Lee-St. John, Jeninne (30 July 2010).
2092:
1845:Burch, Mary R.; Pickel, Duane (1990).
614:inferential reasoning demonstrated by
27:Practice of teaching behaviors to dogs
5252:Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
5056:from the original on 12 November 2021
4954:Chittenden, Maurice (8 August 2010).
4728:from the original on 14 December 2011
3971:
3924:
3616:
3217:from the original on 29 November 2011
2963:from the original on 10 February 2024
2814:"Rafmagnsólar hunda bannaðar - Vísir"
2547:from the original on 27 November 2021
2317:
2137:. National Animal Interest Alliance.
1769:from the original on 27 February 2020
202:magazine, advocated in his 1882 book
7:
5679:Hare, Brian; Woods, Vanessa (2013).
5383:Adam's Task: Calling Animals by Name
4997:from the original on 25 October 2021
4968:from the original on 25 October 2021
4209:from the original on 4 December 2012
4140:from the original on 12 October 2011
3235:
3185:from the original on 29 January 2013
3108:
2381:from the original on 5 December 2023
1935:from the original on 22 October 2012
1851:Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
1415:from the original on 26 January 2013
978:are able to be trained as part of a
360:, who were breeders and trainers of
336:, a landmark study of dog behavior.
3407:from the original on 4 January 2013
2911:Swedish Animal Welfare Regulations.
1925:"Marian Breland Bailey (1920–2001)"
802:Shock collars (electronic training)
5402:The Koehler Method of Dog Training
3740:from the original on 15 March 2022
3428:"Signs of a Poorly Socialized Dog"
2892:from the original on 29 April 2024
2634:from the original on 29 April 2024
2431:from the original on 29 April 2024
2330:Spector, Morgan (3 January 2009).
2017:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1963.tb01161.x
1472:from the original on 15 March 2022
364:in Cambridge, New York, published
327:The Complete Book of Dog Obedience
299:The Koehler Method of Dog Training
25:
5664:. Random House Publishing Group.
5089:Journal of Comparative Psychology
4793:from the original on 26 July 2011
4253:from the original on 4 April 2023
4132:Woodard, Sherry (15 April 2011).
3761:K9 cops: Police dogs of the world
3307:. shine.yahoo.com/. 3 July 2012.
2858:from the original on 18 July 2023
2824:from the original on 18 July 2023
2791:from the original on 18 July 2023
2787:(in Icelandic). 17 January 2019.
2732:from the original on 4 April 2023
2700:from the original on 18 July 2023
2667:from the original on 18 July 2023
2605:from the original on 6 April 2023
2576:from the original on 18 July 2023
2518:from the original on 18 July 2023
2287:from the original on 31 July 2012
2141:from the original on 7 April 2014
968:Most working breeds of dogs like
840:In a 2007 study, laboratory-bred
6533:
6524:
6523:
5723:
5124:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
4696:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
4660:Lindsay, Steven R., ed. (2005).
4627:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
4556:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
4483:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
4167:from the original on 23 May 2022
4107:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
4086:from the original on 6 June 2013
3986:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
3869:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
3677:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
3631:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
3447:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
3311:from the original on 9 July 2012
2848:"Dømt for bruk av strømhalsbånd"
2663:(in German). 13 September 2021.
2338:from the original on 23 May 2013
2251:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
2133:Burch, Mary R. (1 August 2012).
1653:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
1080:
994:Individualized or class training
53:application of behavior analysis
5702:. Les Editions Sydney Laurent.
5616:, New York: Howell Book House.
5467:, Chicago: Contemporary Books,
5201:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
4279:from the original on 2 May 2020
3939:Journal of Behavioral Education
2947:Makowska, Joanna (March 2023).
2880:Gernes, Jonatan (20 May 2021).
2758:from the original on 2 May 2020
2164:. University of Chicago Press.
2005:Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie
1407:Braslau-Schneck, Stacy (1998).
1019:, including but not limited to
694:Clicker-training using a metal
427:Dog Whisperer with Cesar Millan
342:Training Dogs the Woodhouse Way
5636:No Bad Dogs: The Woodhouse Way
5614:Training You to Train Your Dog
5598:. Cambridge University Press.
5289:Journal of Veterinary Behavior
5136:10.1016/j.applanim.2010.01.003
4918:Journal of Veterinary Behavior
4708:10.1016/j.applanim.2008.12.011
4639:10.1016/j.applanim.2003.10.004
4568:10.1016/j.applanim.2005.04.009
4521:Journal of Veterinary Behavior
4495:10.1016/j.applanim.2006.11.002
3998:10.1016/j.applanim.2016.08.006
3900:Journal of Veterinary Behavior
3881:10.1016/j.applanim.2007.11.010
3711:Journal of Veterinary Behavior
3689:10.1016/j.applanim.2011.04.008
3643:10.1016/j.applanim.2017.07.001
3332:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
2820:(in Icelandic). 15 July 2011.
2570:"Dog Keeping laws for Germany"
2263:10.1016/j.applanim.2008.12.011
2238:Monks of New Skete 1978, p. 3.
1680:Journal of Veterinary Behavior
1665:10.1016/j.applanim.2011.03.007
1500:Journal of Veterinary Behavior
1443:Journal of Veterinary Behavior
784:Koehler Method of Dog Training
317:Rudd Weatherwax trains Lassie.
1:
5016:Coren, Stanley (2001). "20".
4991:"Roger Abrantes On Dominance"
4856:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
4119:10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00277-0
3459:10.1016/S0168-1591(96)01163-X
3379:. New York: Lieber-Antherton.
1574:Fisher, Gail Tamases (2009).
1209:Collars that apply pain (the
5519:, London : Little Brown
5400:Koehler, William R. (1962).
5329:10.1016/j.beproc.2014.08.019
4596:10.1016/0006-8993(89)90402-2
3561:10.1016/j.beproc.2010.11.007
3275:10.1207/S15327604JAWS0603_02
1533:Wlodarczyk, Justyna (2018).
751:Alex the African Grey Parrot
6386:List of longest-living dogs
5634:Woodhouse, Barbara (1984).
5515:Monks of New Skete (1978).
5438:Lindsay, Steven R. (2000).
5101:10.1037/0735-7036.119.1.117
3812:10.1590/0103-8478cr20191010
3514:Developmental Psychobiology
1231:(slip chain or check chain)
766:Relationship-based training
339:The 1980 television series
297:In 1962, Koehler published
248:Animal Behavior Enterprises
126:explosive or drug detection
6576:
6359:Origin of the domestic dog
6257:Breed-specific legislation
6098:Psychiatric assistance dog
5612:Saunders, Blanche (1969).
5419:Hutchinson, W. N. (2005).
5301:10.1016/j.jveb.2013.04.067
5149:McGreevy & Boakes 2011
5075:McGreevy & Boakes 2011
4930:10.1016/j.jveb.2008.08.004
4722:"Why Won't Dominance Die?"
4533:10.1016/j.jveb.2017.02.004
4159:Clothier, Suzanne (2009).
4080:The Other End of the Leash
3912:10.1016/j.jveb.2009.08.008
3723:10.1016/j.jveb.2016.11.001
2410:Accessed December 4, 2017.
1692:10.1016/j.jveb.2017.02.004
1512:10.1016/j.jveb.2018.03.004
1455:10.1016/j.jveb.2016.11.001
1070:
938:
923:
805:
700:
512:an undesired consequence (
470:
6560:Dog training and behavior
6519:
5660:Arnold, Jennifer (2016).
5558:Clicker Training for Dogs
5442:. John Wiley & Sons.
4868:10.1017/S0140525X00009614
3951:10.1007/s10864-013-9193-1
3395:Miller, Pat (July 2004).
3008:10.1163/15685306-12341453
2982:Millan & Peltier 2010
2306:Millan & Peltier 2010
2188:Millan & Peltier 2010
2105:Millan & Peltier 2010
2033:Millan & Peltier 2010
1906:Millan & Peltier 2010
1824:Millan & Peltier 2010
1800:Millan & Peltier 2010
1713:Millan & Peltier 2010
1630:10.1017/S0962728600026683
1395:Millan & Peltier 2010
236:The Behavior of Organisms
5575:Reid, Pamela J. (1996).
5214:10.3389/fvets.2020.00508
4076:"The Model-Rival Method"
3840:10.3819/CCBR.2019.140007
3375:Bandura, Albert (1971).
3175:"Classical Conditioning"
3136:Bouton, Mark E. (2007).
2508:"Electric Shock Collars"
2406:2 September 2018 at the
1863:10.1901/jaba.1990.23-263
861:Dominance-based training
723:overjustification effect
543:Non-associative learning
349:a household name in the
68:non-associative learning
6501:List of individual dogs
6496:Domesticated silver fox
6088:Mobility assistance dog
5594:Serpell, James (2016).
5579:. James & Kenneth.
5465:New Art of Dog Training
5456:Lorenz, Konrad (1953).
4979:(subscription required)
4903:10.1163/156853993X00290
4464:29 January 2019 at the
4241:"Animal Welfare Decree"
4228:Burch & Bailey 1999
3759:Allsopp, Nigel (2012).
3602:Burch & Bailey 1999
3377:Psychological Modelling
3210:Encyclopædia Britannica
3161:Burch & Bailey 1999
2854:(in Norwegian Bokmål).
2720:"Animal Welfare Decree"
2459:Pet Professionals Guild
1788:Burch & Bailey 1999
1326:Punishment (psychology)
772:symbolic interactionism
227:Training Dogs: A Manual
36:A dog trainer with the
6506:List of fictional dogs
5820:Livestock guardian dog
5698:Tramson, Eric (2019).
5638:. Simon and Schuster.
5463:Marlo, Shelby (1999).
5381:Hearne, Vicki (1987).
5172:10.21071/pbs.v0i3.5786
4203:"Koehler Dog Training"
3763:. Big Sky Publishing.
3487:10.1006/anbe.2001.1866
2224:Dudman, Helga (1996).
1578:. Dogwise Publishing.
1535:Genealogy of Obedience
1321:Classical conditioning
1057:search and rescue dogs
953:Innate characteristics
762:
698:
656:
644:marine mammal training
627:Positive reinforcement
580:allelomimetic behavior
568:Observational learning
563:Observational learning
537:Pavlovian conditioning
533:Classical conditioning
528:Classical conditioning
488:positive reinforcement
482:
318:
256:conditioned reinforcer
87:positive reinforcement
64:classical conditioning
41:
6174:Search and rescue dog
5556:Pryor, Karen (2002).
5537:Pryor, Karen (1999).
5423:. Vintage Dog Books.
5404:. Howell Book House.
5317:Behavioural Processes
5164:Pet Behaviour Science
4670:10.1002/9780470344514
4388:26 April 2023 at the
3549:Behavioural Processes
3526:10.1002/dev.420100310
3401:The Whole Dog Journal
2996:Society & Animals
2920:WDSF World Cup, 2022.
2916:26 April 2023 at the
2483:10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6527
2358:https://spca.bc.ca/wp
2281:"Sirius Dog Training"
2116:Saunders 1969, p. 11.
1543:10.1163/9789004380295
1129:The head halter is a
1021:competition obedience
887:political correctness
761:Training a police dog
760:
693:
652:
480:
316:
243:Marian Breland Bailey
130:disability assistance
35:
6229:Dog–cat relationship
6076:Medical response dog
5732:at Wikimedia Commons
5482:. Darlington Press.
4664:. pp. 611–612.
4426:18 July 2023 at the
4407:18 July 2023 at the
4369:18 July 2023 at the
4350:21 June 2023 at the
4328:18 July 2023 at the
4306:18 July 2023 at the
3173:Dunbar, Ian (2007).
1960:The Behavior Analyst
1763:Agriculture Victoria
1759:"Obedience Training"
1316:Operant conditioning
1282:List of dog trainers
1267:Conformation showing
1094:adding missing items
1007:Specialized training
741:Model-rival training
712:operant conditioning
603:Dogs are capable of
556:Learned helplessness
473:Operant conditioning
467:Operant conditioning
383:Prior to the 1980s,
286:American Kennel Club
80:operant conditioning
6020:List of crossbreeds
5783:African village dog
5501:. Crown Archetype.
5265:10.1292/jvms.001617
5151:, pp. 116–279.
4445:12 May 2023 at the
4074:(26 January 2011).
4072:McConnell, Patricia
3592:Marlo 1999, p. 101.
3072:, pp. 246–247.
3060:, pp. 247–248.
2044:Lorenz 1953, p. 43.
1736:on 27 February 2020
1606:, pp. 211–226.
1287:Dog bite prevention
959:Labrador retrievers
584:social facilitation
518:negative punishment
514:positive punishment
493:positive punishment
378:Sirius Dog Training
278:King Solomon's Ring
192:published his book
138:shooting assistance
2455:9 May 2023 at the
1972:10.1007/BF03392110
1252:List of dog breeds
1092:; you can help by
851:Stephen R. Lindsay
763:
716:primary reinforcer
699:
605:cognitive learning
599:Cognitive learning
483:
438:Victoria Stillwell
433:It's Me or the Dog
319:
204:Practical Training
42:
38:United States Navy
6547:
6546:
6427:Rabies in animals
6354:Human–canine bond
5932:Bull-type terrier
5728:Media related to
5709:979-10-326-3146-1
5690:978-1-101-60963-7
5671:978-0-8129-9618-0
5645:978-0-671-54185-9
5605:978-1-316-81768-1
5586:978-1-888047-07-3
5567:978-1-86054-282-4
5548:978-0-553-38039-2
5522:Most, K. (1954).
5508:978-0-307-71686-6
5489:978-1-921364-15-0
5449:978-0-8138-0754-6
5430:978-1-84664-035-3
5411:978-0-87605-657-8
5392:978-0-394-75530-4
5385:. Vintage Books.
5373:978-0-87605-371-3
5258:(12): 1617–1621.
4827:(7): 414–7, 432.
4679:978-0-470-34451-4
3238:, pp. 34–35.
3205:"Animal Learning"
3147:978-0-87893-063-0
3039:on 4 October 2012
2886:hallandsposten.se
2228:. London: Robson.
2171:978-0-226-74338-7
1893:Most 1954, p. 26.
1585:978-1-929242-62-7
1552:978-90-04-38028-8
1383:978-1-250-04969-8
1237:
1236:
1110:
1109:
1013:CGC Certification
926:Dog communication
898:in the 2001 book
443:The Underdog Show
347:Barbara Woodhouse
199:Forest and Stream
118:herding livestock
114:search and rescue
16:(Redirected from
6567:
6537:
6527:
6526:
6304:Dogs in religion
6167:usage by country
5788:Free-ranging dog
5760:
5753:
5746:
5737:
5727:
5713:
5694:
5675:
5649:
5609:
5590:
5571:
5552:
5541:. Bantam Books.
5512:
5493:
5453:
5434:
5415:
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5311:
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5284:
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5216:
5192:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5158:
5152:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5130:(3–4): 131–142.
5119:
5113:
5112:
5084:
5078:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5046:
5040:
5039:
5023:
5020:How to Speak Dog
5013:
5007:
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5004:
5002:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4951:
4942:
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4913:
4907:
4906:
4897:(3/4): 283–313.
4886:
4880:
4879:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4816:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4792:
4785:
4777:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4757:. Archived from
4744:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4622:
4616:
4615:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4562:(3–4): 153–168.
4551:
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4469:
4456:
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3975:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3934:
3928:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3875:(1–3): 110–122.
3860:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3739:
3708:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3683:(3–4): 152–159.
3672:
3666:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3581:
3580:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3510:Canis familiaris
3505:
3499:
3498:
3481:(6): 1109–1117.
3475:Animal Behaviour
3469:
3463:
3462:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3392:
3381:
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3372:
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3365:
3354:10.1037/h0025831
3347:
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2639:
2624:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2601:. 4 April 2019.
2595:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2504:
2495:
2494:
2466:
2460:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2417:
2411:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2375:www.rspca.org.uk
2367:
2361:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2130:
2117:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2021:
2020:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1983:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1920:
1909:
1903:
1894:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1874:
1842:
1836:
1835:Most 1954, p. 7.
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1659:(3–4): 169–177.
1648:
1642:
1641:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1590:
1589:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1495:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1471:
1440:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1375:
1369:
1358:
1301:Animal cognition
1216:Remote electric
1205:Aversive collars
1197:Clicker training
1112:
1105:
1102:
1084:
1083:
1077:
1001:dog behaviourist
988:German Shepherds
945:Dog intelligence
900:How to Speak Dog
747:Irene Pepperberg
708:Clicker training
703:Clicker training
686:Clicker training
622:Training methods
449:Dogs in the City
362:German Shepherds
323:Blanche Saunders
223:Second World War
190:W. N. Hutchinson
91:clicker training
21:
6575:
6574:
6570:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6565:
6564:
6550:
6549:
6548:
6543:
6515:
6484:
6451:
6368:
6239:
6233:
6188:
6044:
6025:Mixed-breed dog
6001:
5769:
5764:
5720:
5710:
5697:
5691:
5678:
5672:
5659:
5656:
5654:Further reading
5646:
5633:
5606:
5593:
5587:
5574:
5568:
5555:
5549:
5536:
5509:
5496:
5490:
5477:
5450:
5437:
5431:
5418:
5412:
5399:
5393:
5380:
5374:
5361:
5358:
5353:
5352:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5286:
5285:
5281:
5245:
5244:
5240:
5194:
5193:
5189:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5147:
5143:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5086:
5085:
5081:
5073:
5069:
5059:
5057:
5052:. 3 July 2015.
5048:
5047:
5043:
5036:
5015:
5014:
5010:
5000:
4998:
4989:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4971:
4969:
4953:
4952:
4945:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4888:
4887:
4883:
4853:
4852:
4848:
4818:
4817:
4806:
4796:
4794:
4790:
4783:
4779:
4778:
4774:
4764:
4762:
4761:on 3 April 2021
4746:
4745:
4741:
4731:
4729:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4680:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4518:
4517:
4510:
4480:
4479:
4472:
4466:Wayback Machine
4457:
4453:
4447:Wayback Machine
4438:
4434:
4428:Wayback Machine
4419:
4415:
4409:Wayback Machine
4400:
4396:
4390:Wayback Machine
4381:
4377:
4371:Wayback Machine
4362:
4358:
4352:Wayback Machine
4343:
4336:
4330:Wayback Machine
4321:
4314:
4308:Wayback Machine
4299:
4292:
4282:
4280:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4234:
4226:
4222:
4212:
4210:
4201:Ancheta, Tony.
4200:
4199:
4195:
4187:
4180:
4170:
4168:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4143:
4141:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4089:
4087:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4044:
4040:
4019:
4015:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3970:
3966:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3923:
3919:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3782:
3778:
3771:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3706:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3615:
3608:
3600:
3596:
3591:
3584:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3410:
3408:
3394:
3393:
3384:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3345:10.1.1.409.6413
3329:
3328:
3324:
3314:
3312:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3246:
3242:
3234:
3230:
3220:
3218:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3188:
3186:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3163:, pp. 3–5.
3159:
3155:
3148:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3122:
3115:
3107:
3100:
3092:
3088:
3080:
3076:
3068:
3064:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3030:
3029:
3025:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2980:
2976:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2945:
2936:
2931:
2924:
2918:Wayback Machine
2909:
2905:
2895:
2893:
2879:
2878:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2845:
2844:
2837:
2827:
2825:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2779:
2778:
2771:
2761:
2759:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2701:
2688:
2687:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2655:
2654:
2647:
2637:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2521:
2519:
2506:
2505:
2498:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2457:Wayback Machine
2448:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2408:Wayback Machine
2398:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2355:
2351:
2341:
2339:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2316:
2312:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2288:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2206:
2198:
2194:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2132:
2131:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2103:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2055:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2031:
2024:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1922:
1921:
1912:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1812:Hutchinson 2005
1810:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1739:
1737:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1711:
1707:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1602:
1593:
1586:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1553:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1497:
1496:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1376:
1372:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1341:Dog behaviorist
1306:Animal training
1291:
1242:
1177:Training treats
1126:or head collar
1106:
1100:
1097:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1045:assistance dogs
1009:
996:
976:Cocker Spaniels
955:
947:
939:Main articles:
937:
928:
922:
913:
863:
816:. This type of
810:
804:
780:
768:
743:
705:
688:
629:
624:
601:
565:
545:
530:
475:
469:
464:
397:
311:
291:William Koehler
212:
179:
170:
106:
49:animal training
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6573:
6571:
6563:
6562:
6552:
6551:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6541:
6531:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6492:
6490:
6486:
6485:
6483:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6470:Crate training
6467:
6461:
6459:
6453:
6452:
6450:
6449:
6444:
6442:Skin disorders
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6378:
6376:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6295:
6294:
6289:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6247:Animal testing
6243:
6241:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6198:
6196:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6170:
6169:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6101:
6100:
6090:
6085:
6084:
6083:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6056:Assistance dog
6052:
6050:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6042:
6037:
6035:Extinct breeds
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6015:List of breeds
6011:
6009:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5994:
5993:
5992:
5982:
5981:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5960:
5959:
5958:
5948:
5947:
5946:
5945:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5924:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5920:
5910:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5883:
5882:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5851:
5850:
5849:
5844:
5829:
5828:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5807:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5785:
5779:
5777:
5771:
5770:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5755:
5748:
5740:
5734:
5733:
5719:
5718:External links
5716:
5715:
5714:
5708:
5695:
5689:
5676:
5670:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5650:
5644:
5631:
5624:
5610:
5604:
5591:
5585:
5572:
5566:
5553:
5547:
5534:
5520:
5513:
5507:
5494:
5488:
5475:
5461:
5454:
5448:
5435:
5429:
5416:
5410:
5397:
5391:
5378:
5372:
5364:How Dogs Learn
5357:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5306:
5295:(4): 221–224.
5279:
5238:
5187:
5153:
5141:
5114:
5095:(1): 117–120.
5079:
5077:, p. 280.
5067:
5041:
5034:
5008:
4982:
4943:
4924:(3): 135–144.
4908:
4881:
4862:(3): 419–429.
4846:
4804:
4772:
4739:
4713:
4685:
4678:
4652:
4633:(3): 319–334.
4617:
4584:Brain Research
4573:
4546:
4508:
4489:(4): 369–380.
4470:
4451:
4432:
4413:
4394:
4375:
4356:
4334:
4312:
4290:
4264:
4232:
4230:, p. 162.
4220:
4193:
4178:
4151:
4124:
4113:(4): 357–365.
4097:
4063:
4059:978-1890948207
4038:
4034:978-1892694447
4013:
3976:
3964:
3945:(2): 201–220.
3929:
3917:
3906:(2): 112–119.
3886:
3855:
3818:
3785:
3776:
3769:
3751:
3694:
3667:
3658:
3621:
3606:
3594:
3582:
3555:(2): 184–195.
3539:
3520:(3): 267–271.
3500:
3464:
3453:(4): 309–316.
3437:
3418:
3382:
3367:
3338:(3): 256–262.
3322:
3296:
3269:(3): 163–173.
3252:
3250:, p. 219.
3240:
3228:
3196:
3179:Dog Star Daily
3165:
3153:
3146:
3128:
3126:, p. 213.
3113:
3111:, p. 108.
3098:
3096:, p. 251.
3086:
3084:, p. 253.
3074:
3062:
3050:
3023:
3002:(5): 411–435.
2986:
2974:
2934:
2922:
2903:
2888:(in Swedish).
2869:
2835:
2802:
2769:
2743:
2711:
2678:
2645:
2616:
2587:
2558:
2529:
2512:Kennel Club UK
2496:
2477:(4): 205–221.
2461:
2442:
2412:
2392:
2362:
2349:
2322:
2310:
2298:
2268:
2257:(1–2): 47–54.
2240:
2231:
2216:
2212:Woodhouse 1984
2204:
2200:Woodhouse 1984
2192:
2177:
2170:
2152:
2118:
2109:
2097:
2085:
2073:
2061:
2046:
2037:
2022:
2011:(4): 410–433.
1995:
1966:(2): 143–159.
1946:
1910:
1895:
1886:
1857:(2): 263–264.
1837:
1828:
1816:
1804:
1792:
1780:
1750:
1717:
1705:
1670:
1643:
1618:Animal Welfare
1608:
1591:
1584:
1566:
1551:
1525:
1483:
1426:
1399:
1387:
1370:
1366:978-0425276273
1352:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1226:
1225:(pinch collar)
1220:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1154:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1134:
1131:bitless bridle
1127:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1087:
1085:
1071:Main article:
1068:
1065:
1041:detection dogs
1008:
1005:
995:
992:
954:
951:
936:
933:
924:Main article:
921:
918:
912:
909:
891:Roger Abrantes
862:
859:
827:animal cruelty
806:Main article:
803:
800:
779:
778:Koehler method
776:
767:
764:
742:
739:
731:variable ratio
701:Main article:
687:
684:
676:detection dogs
628:
625:
623:
620:
600:
597:
564:
561:
544:
541:
529:
526:
468:
465:
463:
462:How dogs learn
460:
416:Joel Silverman
396:
393:
321:In the 1950s,
310:
307:
211:
208:
178:
175:
169:
166:
165:
164:
158:
155:
152:
149:
105:
102:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6572:
6561:
6558:
6557:
6555:
6540:
6536:
6532:
6530:
6522:
6521:
6518:
6512:
6511:Lists of dogs
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6487:
6481:
6480:Socialization
6478:
6476:
6475:Housebreaking
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6458:
6454:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6432:Rage syndrome
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6383:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6375:
6371:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6309:Dogs in space
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6242:
6236:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6212:Body language
6210:
6208:
6205:
6204:
6203:
6202:Communication
6200:
6199:
6197:
6195:
6191:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6132:Detection dog
6130:
6128:
6127:Companion dog
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6082:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6047:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6008:
6004:
5998:
5995:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5986:
5983:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5964:
5961:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5952:
5949:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5928:
5925:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5914:
5911:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5893:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5887:
5884:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5852:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5830:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5761:
5756:
5754:
5749:
5747:
5742:
5741:
5738:
5731:
5726:
5722:
5721:
5717:
5711:
5705:
5701:
5696:
5692:
5686:
5682:
5677:
5673:
5667:
5663:
5658:
5657:
5653:
5647:
5641:
5637:
5632:
5629:
5625:
5623:
5622:0-87605-457-2
5619:
5615:
5611:
5607:
5601:
5597:
5592:
5588:
5582:
5578:
5573:
5569:
5563:
5560:. Ringpress.
5559:
5554:
5550:
5544:
5540:
5535:
5533:
5532:1-929242-00-X
5529:
5525:
5524:Training Dogs
5521:
5518:
5514:
5510:
5504:
5500:
5495:
5491:
5485:
5481:
5476:
5474:
5473:0-8092-3170-0
5470:
5466:
5462:
5459:
5458:Man Meets Dog
5455:
5451:
5445:
5441:
5436:
5432:
5426:
5422:
5417:
5413:
5407:
5403:
5398:
5394:
5388:
5384:
5379:
5375:
5369:
5365:
5360:
5359:
5355:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5310:
5307:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5283:
5280:
5275:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5257:
5253:
5249:
5242:
5239:
5234:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5191:
5188:
5182:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5145:
5142:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5118:
5115:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5083:
5080:
5076:
5071:
5068:
5055:
5051:
5045:
5042:
5037:
5035:0-684-86534-3
5031:
5027:
5022:
5021:
5012:
5009:
4996:
4992:
4986:
4983:
4967:
4963:
4962:
4957:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4912:
4909:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4885:
4882:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4850:
4847:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4789:
4782:
4776:
4773:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4743:
4740:
4727:
4723:
4717:
4714:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4689:
4686:
4681:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4656:
4653:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4621:
4618:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4577:
4574:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4550:
4547:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4460:
4455:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4436:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4422:
4417:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4398:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4379:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4360:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4265:
4249:
4242:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4224:
4221:
4208:
4204:
4197:
4194:
4190:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4166:
4162:
4155:
4152:
4139:
4135:
4128:
4125:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4101:
4098:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4017:
4014:
4008:
4007:11368/2899105
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3980:
3977:
3974:, p. 21.
3973:
3968:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3921:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3890:
3887:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3856:
3850:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3819:
3813:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3799:Ciência Rural
3796:
3789:
3786:
3780:
3777:
3772:
3766:
3762:
3755:
3752:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3695:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3671:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3653:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3595:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3543:
3540:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3468:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3441:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3422:
3419:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3371:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3326:
3323:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3229:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3154:
3149:
3143:
3139:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3051:
3038:
3034:
3031:APDT (2010).
3027:
3024:
3018:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2990:
2987:
2984:, p. 91.
2983:
2978:
2975:
2959:
2952:
2951:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2907:
2904:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2728:
2721:
2715:
2712:
2699:
2696:(in Danish).
2695:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2446:
2443:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2323:
2320:, p. ix.
2319:
2314:
2311:
2308:, p. 90.
2307:
2302:
2299:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2244:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2227:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2202:, p. 13.
2201:
2196:
2193:
2190:, p. 89.
2189:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2153:
2140:
2136:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2107:, p. 88.
2106:
2101:
2098:
2095:, p. 10.
2094:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2035:, p. 87.
2034:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1908:, p. 84.
1907:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1826:, p. 83.
1825:
1820:
1817:
1814:, p. 11.
1813:
1808:
1805:
1802:, p. 82.
1801:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1781:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1715:, p. 32.
1714:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1427:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1400:
1397:, p. 33.
1396:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1347:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1336:Reward system
1334:
1332:
1331:Reinforcement
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1104:
1095:
1091:
1088:This list is
1086:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1006:
1004:
1002:
993:
991:
989:
984:
981:
977:
973:
971:
966:
964:
960:
952:
950:
946:
942:
935:Understanding
934:
932:
927:
920:Communication
919:
917:
910:
908:
905:
901:
897:
896:Stanley Coren
892:
888:
883:
879:
875:
873:
867:
860:
858:
855:
852:
846:
843:
838:
835:
831:
828:
824:
823:shock collars
819:
815:
814:shock collars
809:
808:Shock collars
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
785:
777:
775:
773:
765:
759:
755:
752:
748:
740:
738:
734:
732:
728:
727:reinforcement
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
704:
697:
692:
685:
683:
679:
677:
673:
669:
668:military dogs
665:
661:
655:
651:
647:
645:
640:
638:
637:law of effect
635:
626:
621:
619:
617:
613:
608:
606:
598:
596:
594:
588:
585:
581:
576:
574:
569:
562:
560:
557:
553:
549:
542:
540:
538:
534:
527:
525:
523:
519:
515:
509:
506:
505:psychological
502:
501:physiological
497:
494:
489:
479:
474:
466:
461:
459:
457:
456:
451:
450:
445:
444:
439:
435:
434:
429:
428:
423:
422:
417:
412:
408:
406:
405:shock collars
401:
394:
392:
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
370:
367:
363:
359:
356:The monks of
354:
352:
348:
344:
343:
337:
335:
330:
328:
324:
315:
308:
306:
304:
300:
295:
292:
287:
284:In 1935, the
282:
280:
279:
274:
273:
272:Man Meets Dog
268:
264:
263:Konrad Lorenz
260:
257:
253:
249:
244:
240:
238:
237:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
209:
207:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
186:
184:
176:
174:
167:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
145:
141:
139:
135:
134:companionship
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
110:
103:
101:
99:
94:
92:
88:
83:
81:
77:
76:sensitisation
73:
69:
65:
60:
58:
54:
50:
47:is a kind of
46:
39:
34:
30:
19:
6456:
6437:Reproduction
6407:Conformation
6349:Fear of dogs
6299:Dog grooming
6292:2007 recalls
6277:Dog fighting
6224:Intelligence
6137:Fighting dog
6117:Carriage dog
6040:Most popular
5997:Turnspit dog
5805:Hairless dog
5730:Dog training
5699:
5680:
5661:
5635:
5627:
5613:
5595:
5576:
5557:
5538:
5523:
5516:
5498:
5479:
5464:
5457:
5439:
5420:
5401:
5382:
5363:
5320:
5316:
5309:
5292:
5288:
5282:
5255:
5251:
5241:
5204:
5200:
5190:
5163:
5156:
5144:
5127:
5123:
5117:
5092:
5088:
5082:
5070:
5058:. Retrieved
5044:
5019:
5011:
4999:. Retrieved
4985:
4970:. Retrieved
4959:
4921:
4917:
4911:
4894:
4890:
4884:
4859:
4855:
4849:
4824:
4820:
4795:. Retrieved
4775:
4763:. Retrieved
4759:the original
4752:
4742:
4730:. Retrieved
4716:
4702:(1): 47–54.
4699:
4695:
4688:
4661:
4655:
4630:
4626:
4620:
4590:(1): 89–98.
4587:
4583:
4576:
4559:
4555:
4549:
4524:
4520:
4486:
4482:
4454:
4435:
4416:
4397:
4378:
4359:
4281:. Retrieved
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2112:
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2083:, p. 8.
2081:Koehler 1962
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2069:Koehler 1962
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1373:
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1292:
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1218:shock collar
1182:
1169:
1151:Dog bite tug
1098:
1049:hunting dogs
1010:
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45:Dog training
44:
43:
29:
6447:Vaccination
6344:Dog walking
6314:Dog licence
6287:dog biscuit
6272:Dog daycare
6262:Cynanthropy
6240:interaction
6093:Therapy dog
6081:Seizure dog
6071:Hearing dog
5832:Hunting dog
5810:Herding dog
5683:. Penguin.
5181:10396/14542
5166:(3): 1–18.
5060:12 November
4797:16 December
4732:16 December
4191:, p. .
3992:: 109–116.
3619:, p. .
3140:. Sinauer.
3043:30 November
3017:10289/11365
2342:30 November
2291:30 November
2277:Dunbar, Ian
2145:30 November
2093:Hearne 1987
1939:30 November
1773:27 February
1740:27 February
1419:29 November
1272:Dog agility
1247:Dogs portal
1229:Choke chain
1190:Dog Clicker
1162:dog agility
1140:dog harness
1124:Head halter
1118:Definition
1053:police dogs
1025:dog agility
674:, and drug
664:police dogs
634:Thorndike's
385:Karen Pryor
267:ethological
215:Konrad Most
177:Before 1900
161:Socialising
72:habituation
6339:Dog sports
6162:Police dog
6107:Attack dog
6061:Autism dog
6030:Crossbreed
5913:Sighthound
5891:Scenthound
5798:Street dog
5356:References
5001:25 October
4972:25 October
4821:Compendium
4213:2 December
4144:2 December
4090:2 December
4051:1890948209
4026:1892694441
3972:Pryor 1999
3925:Pryor 2002
3849:10468/7733
3770:1921941812
3617:Pryor 1999
3426:Jevon, S.
3411:1 December
3189:1 December
2785:Mannlíf.is
2435:19 October
2425:Blue Cross
2385:19 October
2318:Pryor 1999
1726:"training"
1277:Dog sports
1262:Bark (dog)
1257:Alpha roll
1158:Schutzhund
1090:incomplete
1073:Dog collar
1061:guard dogs
1017:dog sports
963:explosives
872:alpha roll
818:dog collar
672:guide dogs
522:extinction
471:See also:
455:SuperFetch
436:featuring
421:Good Dog U
374:Ian Dunbar
104:Definition
18:Dog tricks
6334:Dog theft
6238:Human–dog
6157:Mercy dog
6142:Guard dog
6122:Catch dog
6066:Guide dog
5942:Schnauzer
5901:Coonhound
5879:Water dog
5864:Retriever
5825:Sheep dog
5366:. Wiley.
5323:: 47–59.
4961:The Times
4891:Behaviour
4876:145497247
4541:151846599
4527:: 50–60.
3959:145563465
3834:: 51–76.
3717:: 53–64.
3340:CiteSeerX
3236:Reid 1996
3109:Reid 1996
1700:151846599
1686:: 50–60.
1638:142667565
1561:219886573
1520:149309452
1506:: 28–34.
1449:: 53–64.
1101:July 2016
970:Dobermans
749:to train
358:New Skete
309:Post WWII
294:Studios.
210:War years
188:In 1848,
6554:Category
6529:Category
6457:Training
6417:Dog food
6412:Diseases
6397:Breeding
6329:Dog show
6324:Dog park
6319:Dog meat
6282:Dog food
6267:Dog bite
6194:Behavior
6179:Sled dog
6152:Meat dog
5937:Pinscher
5906:Foxhound
5345:13565641
5337:25173617
5274:20046029
5233:32793652
5109:15740436
5054:Archived
4995:Archived
4966:Archived
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4841:36359363
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4277:Archived
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3569:21145379
3495:53154463
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3405:Archived
3309:Archived
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3283:14612265
3215:Archived
3183:Archived
2967:10 March
2958:Archived
2914:Archived
2896:21 April
2890:Archived
2862:21 April
2856:Archived
2828:21 April
2822:Archived
2818:visir.is
2795:21 April
2789:Archived
2756:Archived
2727:Archived
2704:21 April
2698:Archived
2671:21 April
2665:Archived
2661:Heute.at
2632:Archived
2603:Archived
2574:Archived
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2453:Archived
2429:Archived
2404:Archived
2379:Archived
2336:Archived
2285:Archived
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1990:22478446
1933:Archived
1881:16795731
1767:Archived
1476:10 March
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1311:Ethology
1294:General:
1240:See also
1211:aversive
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1033:tracking
573:imitated
122:guarding
6489:Related
6465:Clicker
6392:Anatomy
6364:Therapy
6252:Baiting
6217:Howling
6207:Barking
6184:War dog
6147:Lap dog
6112:Bay dog
5985:Toy dog
5956:Bulldog
5951:Mastiff
5927:Terrier
5918:Longdog
5874:Spaniel
5859:Pointer
5854:Gun dog
5847:Lurcher
5793:Pye-dog
5224:7387681
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1029:herding
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842:Beagles
696:cricket
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168:History
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5968:Husky
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5886:Hound
5842:Feist
5775:Types
5341:S2CID
4934:S2CID
4872:S2CID
4837:S2CID
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4784:(PDF)
4643:S2CID
4608:S2CID
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3727:S2CID
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1348:Notes
1153:toys
1115:Tool
1067:Tools
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345:made
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