327:
the dispossession, indebtedness and despair of
Adivasis to transport them, often by force or deception, as far as Assam or the Dooars – or even further afield to plantations in Trinidad, Guyana, South Africa and Malaya. A century and a half later, these communities are on the move again. The moribund economy of the Dooars region has rendered these communities vulnerable yet again.” Apart from the Adivasis, many tea garden workers are Nepali and Rajbanshi. Nepalis comprise 10% of the workers.
318:. Around 2002-2004 the industry faced a crisis and at least 22 plantations were closed down in Jalpaiguri district, affecting 21,000 permanent workers and impacting a much larger population. The Indian Tea Association has floated an idea whereby 10 gardens, of the total 290 in the Dooars region, have been identified and they will brand their produce under the brand name Dooars Robusta. It is felt that this would enhance their brand value.
275:
gardens. The latter alone lead to the loss of employment for around 25,000 workers. At least 1,200 deaths have been reported in the area. Under the
Financial Assistance to Workers of Locked Out Industries (FAWLOI) scheme, the West Bengal government provides a monthly assistance of Rs 1,500 to each permanent worker of the locked out gardens. This at least takes care of bare meals and helps in mitigating the threats of starvation deaths.
29:
230:. Eight sterling tea companies viz., The Assam-Doors Tea Co. Ltd., Hope Tea Co. Ltd., The Lebong Chulsa Tea Co. Ltd., The British Darjeeling Tea Co. Ltd., The Chulsa Tea Co. Ltd., The Leesh River Tea Co. Ltd., The Danguajhar Tea Co. Ltd., and The Meenglas Tea Co. Ltd., were amalgamated with Goodricke in 1977.
136:
garden came up at
Gazalduba and by 1876, the area had 13 plantations. The altitude in the tea-growing areas of the Dooars-Terai region range from 90 to 1,750 metres (300 to 5,740 ft) and receives an annual rainfall of around 350 centimetres (140 in). The tea grown in the Dooars-Terai region
127:
appeared to be one of the possible sites. Located at altitudes ranging from 600 to 2,000 metres (2,000 to 6,600 ft) and having an annual average rainfall of around 309 centimetres (122 in), it had the advantage of locational climate and soil conditions. There were experiments from the early
326:
Adivasis from
Chotanagpur form a sizeable section of the workers in the tea gardens in the area. Dumka, Hazaribagh, Ranchi and Chaibasa formed one of the biggest catchment areas for tea garden labour in the twilight years of the 19th century. “The notorious coolie trade under colonial rule exploited
274:
As per industry sources, labour cost is about 60 per cent of the cost of production of tea. As cost of labour rises, tea garden operations are becoming increasingly unviable. Between 2002 and 2007, 17 tea gardens shut down in the Dooars and the renowned Goenka
Duncans group recently shut down 7 tea
261:
In 2016, India accounted for a fourth of the global tea production but secured only a little over a tenth of the tea exports. 60% of India’s tea exports are CTC tea. India is losing out in the international market to other countries, such as Kenya, Sri Lanka, Indonesia and even
Bangladesh, who have
162:
In 1859, a young
Scottish merchant, Walter Duncan, started business ventures in India. Initiated as Playfair Duncan company, it grew as Duncan Brothers. The Goenka family took over Duncan Brothers in 1951, and under the leadership of G.P. Goenka, diversified substantially and emerged as one of the
270:
As of 2019, the minimum daily wage of tea garden workers is Rs. 176 per day, as compared with Rs. 297 earned by bidi workers. This too has come as an interim measure, after the Dooars tea workers have been agitating for higher wages, as well as better facilities for education and healthcare.
244:
belongs to the
Kalyani group. Other tea estates of the Kalyani group in the Dooars region are Saraswatipur Tea Estate and Choulbari Tea Estate. The Luxmi Group, founded in 1912, owns 25 tea estates spread across India and Africa. It has a garden at Fulbari, Naxalbari, in the Terai
754:
128:
1800s, followed by commercial cultivation around 1853. By 1874, there were 113 gardens in
Darjeeling district. The rapid growth of the tea industry from the earliest days inspired planters to try out tea cultivation in the adjoining
171:– and one garden in the Terai region at Gungram. The company has been regularly carrying out uprooting, replanting and rejuvenation of tea areas. It has high quality clonal gardens and has expanded substantially over the years.
1117:
154:
out of 283 tea gardens in north Bengal that employ 3.5 lakh workers. Cultivation of tea in the Dooars was primarily pioneered and promoted by the
British but there was significant contribution of Indian entrepreneurs.
438:
863:
149:
Tea plantations in the region are spread over 97,280 hectares (240,400 acres). The region produces 226 million kg of tea, accounting for about a quarter of India’s total tea crop. There are 154 gardens in the
233:
Incorporated in 1945, Jay Shree Tea and Manufacturing Ltd., owned by the B.K.Birla group, is the third-largest tea producer in the world with 22 tea estates spread across India and East Africa. It owns
750:
948:
889:
785:
1061:
1143:
2017:
1522:
310:
According to a study carried out by the Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta, the tea produced by the plantations of North Bengal (Dooars area) do not have the brand value of
1113:
919:
1182:
1091:
811:
434:
859:
1634:
1900:
1598:
1793:
676:
253:
and Washarabarie Tea Estate. Andrew Yule & Co. Ltd., established in 1863, has tea gardens in Dooars at Karbala, Banarhat, Choonabhutti and New Dooars.
2022:
1527:
1629:
1256:
1035:
941:
249:, owned by the Kothari Group, has two gardens in the Dooars-Terai region: Gairkhata, Nagrakata and Taipoo, Bagdogra. The Palchoudhuri family owns the
885:
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1382:
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777:
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1057:
2048:
1588:
1441:
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1139:
1915:
1686:
1413:
1408:
1006:
262:
lower cost of production. Within the country tea prices have been stagnant, while costs have risen by 60 per cent in five years prior to 2015.
1883:
1436:
1392:
1363:
520:
2142:
2064:
1446:
223:
219:
191:
187:
178:
owns 18 tea estates in India, all inherited from sterling tea companies, who operated from the late 1800s. Goodricke has 12 gardens in the
1639:
837:
572:
238:. The other tea gardens of the Jay Shree Tea & Industries Ltd. in the Dooars-Terai region are: Kumarika, Marionbarie and Jayantika.
2038:
1670:
1168:
911:
1532:
137:
has the distinction of having "a bright, smooth and full-bodied liquor that’s a wee bit lighter than Assam tea". The region produces
2090:
1624:
1431:
1083:
807:
977:
1696:
227:
215:
124:
2100:
2080:
1786:
1711:
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2085:
1691:
1603:
1231:
1716:
1593:
1211:
728:
354:
246:
2152:
2147:
2116:
2007:
1750:
1734:
1583:
1512:
1507:
1374:
1281:
650:
2012:
2002:
1997:
1517:
1502:
286:. An official release of the Press Information Bureau, Government of India, notified the following gardens as closed:
1553:
383:
278:
Among the closed tea gardens are: Kathalguri, Ramjhora, Redbank, Surendranagar, Chamurchi, Raipur, Bamandanga-Tondu,
598:
1779:
1654:
1578:
1568:
1563:
1296:
1537:
468:
2043:
1701:
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211:
195:
672:
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1301:
494:
412:
241:
175:
1031:
1892:
1619:
1226:
1649:
291:
283:
183:
912:"দু'বেলা সাদা ভাত মিলছে, ঘর হয়েছে, নিশ্চিন্ত ঢেকলাপাড়া (A house and two meals assured in Dheklapara)"
624:
1423:
1353:
295:
163:
top business houses in the country. The Tea Division of Duncans has nine tea gardens in the Dooars –
999:
546:
1802:
1246:
1241:
1206:
1191:
250:
105:
42:
1476:
516:
1945:
1817:
235:
164:
1827:
1251:
833:
568:
138:
287:
973:
1966:
1471:
311:
132:
region and James White set up the first Terai plantation in 1862 at Champta, the first
2136:
1981:
1910:
1857:
1291:
282:, Chinchula, Shikarpur-Bhandarpur, Bharnobary, Malnady, Kalchini & Roymatang and
28:
1971:
1961:
1905:
1847:
1481:
1466:
1266:
1976:
1486:
123:
When the British were exploring for prospective areas to grow tea in India, the
109:
46:
724:
346:
1873:
1317:
1236:
379:
299:
93:
1771:
1160:
1114:"Lok Sabha elections 2019: labourers' plight main issue in scenic Alipurduar"
646:
1925:
1822:
1348:
315:
168:
167:, Hantapara, Dumchipara, Lankapara, Tulsipara, Garganda, Killot, Nagaisuri,
1920:
1343:
1338:
1322:
860:"Tea-garde closures in the Dooars could reduce output by 50 million kg"
460:
279:
698:
1832:
1276:
1216:
594:
517:"Goodricke Group Limited – Company history and annual growth details"
490:
435:"Kolkata: Stick with your did, CM tells tea garden workers in Dooars"
179:
151:
133:
97:
1852:
1286:
129:
113:
101:
50:
942:"Behind Closed and Abandoned Tea Gardens- Status Report of India"
408:
1775:
1164:
751:"India's tea industry is struggling to move up the value chain"
1000:"Study of Labour condition in Tea Gardens of New Jalpaiguri"
620:
778:"13 years too late for many in North Bengal's tea gardens"
542:
808:"Struggle and hope in the tea gardens of the Dooars"
2109:
2073:
2057:
2031:
1990:
1954:
1938:
1891:
1882:
1866:
1810:
1743:
1725:
1679:
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1612:
1546:
1495:
1459:
1422:
1401:
1373:
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1331:
1310:
1199:
1088:
Anirban Bhattacharya, Rupam Deb & Cheena Kapoor
72:
64:
56:
38:
21:
2117:Cities, towns and locations in Alipurduar district
1751:Cities, towns and locations in Jalpaiguri district
1635:Jalpaiguri Government Medical College and Hospital
834:"The Bitter Plight of Bengal's Tea Garden Workers"
2018:New Jalpaiguri–Alipurduar–Samuktala Road line
1787:
1523:New Jalpaiguri–Alipurduar–Samuktala Road line
1176:
182:. Goodricke’s tea gardens in the Dooars are:
8:
1058:"Tea Industry proposes new marketing effort"
1005:. Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta.
782:Bagrakote Tea Garden in Jalpaiguri district
403:
401:
1888:
1794:
1780:
1772:
1370:
1183:
1169:
1161:
947:. Centre for Education and Communication.
374:
372:
18:
1630:Jalpaiguri Government Engineering College
1257:Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority
886:"Dole eludes workers in shut tea gardens"
68:90 to 1,750 metres (300 to 5,740 ft)
784:. The Indian Express, 22 November 2015.
1262:New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station
595:"Gurjangjhora Tea & Industries Ltd"
335:
753:. The Economic Times, 19 August 2018.
571:. Jay Shree Tea & Industries Ltd.
545:. Jay Shree Tea & Industries Ltd.
298:, Dharanipur, Redbank, Surendranagar,
2023:New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section
1528:New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section
1142:. The Times of India, 18 March 2016.
1140:"Shut tea gardens open new equations"
357:from the original on 27 November 2020
341:
339:
33:Hila Tea Garden in Nagrakata CD block
7:
1447:Kranti (community development block)
757:from the original on 20 January 2022
647:"Gillanders Arbuthnot & Co. Ltd"
601:from the original on 19 October 2019
543:"About Jay Shree Tea and Industries"
437:. Hindustan Times, 5 November 2015.
157:#The figure can vary, as per source.
862:. Business Standard, 1 April 2016.
247:Gillanders Arbuthnot & Co. Ltd.
1282:Raninagar Industrial Growth Centre
1034:. The Telegraph, 9 February 2017.
14:
1640:North Bengal St. Xavier's College
1625:Institute of Pharmacy, Jalpaiguri
1146:from the original on 20 July 2020
1120:from the original on 19 July 2020
1094:from the original on 17 July 2020
1084:"Struggle and hope in the Dooars"
1064:from the original on 19 July 2020
954:from the original on 21 July 2020
922:from the original on 17 July 2020
892:from the original on 19 July 2020
866:from the original on 10 July 2020
840:from the original on 20 July 2020
814:from the original on 17 July 2020
788:from the original on 19 July 2020
731:from the original on 28 June 2020
705:from the original on 19 July 2020
679:from the original on 19 July 2020
653:from the original on 19 July 2020
627:from the original on 19 July 2020
549:from the original on 8 March 2020
497:from the original on 31 July 2020
471:from the original on 31 July 2020
441:from the original on 10 July 2020
251:Mohurgong & Gulma Tea Estates
16:Tea gardens in West Bengal, India
1038:from the original on 2 July 2020
1012:from the original on 2 July 2020
980:from the original on 2 June 2020
575:from the original on 6 July 2020
523:from the original on 5 July 2020
415:from the original on 3 July 2020
386:from the original on 2 July 2020
125:Darjeeling Himalayan hill region
37:
27:
2122:Villages in Alipurduar district
1761:Villages in Jalpaiguri district
1756:People from Jalpaiguri district
1090:. Scroll.in, 16 November 2019.
810:. Scroll.in, 16 November 2019.
60:97,280 hectares (240,400 acres)
55:
888:. The Telegraph, 5 June 2020.
1:
1613:Institutes of higher learning
1599:Raninagar Jalpaiguri Junction
1533:Haldibari–New Jalpaiguri line
1212:Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary
727:. Andrew Yule & Co. Ltd.
673:"Washabarie Tea Co. Pvt. Ltd"
1884:Community development blocks
1375:Jalpaiguri Sadar subdivision
2143:Tea industry in West Bengal
2074:Vidhan Sabha constituencies
1728:Vidhan Sabha constituencies
1680:Vidhan Sabha constituencies
1116:. The Indian Express 2019.
918:. Ei Samay, 19 March 2014.
2169:
1655:University of North Bengal
1297:University of North Bengal
353:. Indian Tea Association.
1323:New Jalpaiguri (Siliguri)
1272:North Bengal Tea Industry
1232:India–Bangladesh enclaves
26:
2058:Lok Sabha constituencies
1838:Dooars-Terai tea gardens
1664:Lok Sabha constituencies
1222:Dooars-Terai tea gardens
90:Dooars-Terai tea gardens
22:Dooars-Terai tea gardens
2049:Samuktala Road Junction
1843:Jaldapara National Park
1302:2013 Jalpaiguri bombing
242:Gurjangjhora Tea Garden
1893:Alipurduar subdivision
1620:Ananda Chandra College
1311:Municipal corporations
1227:Gorumara National Park
1650:Sukanta Mahavidyalaya
1538:Katihar–Siliguri line
1364:Community development
976:. PIB, 10 July 2019.
461:"Duncan Goenka Group"
347:"Tea Growing Regions"
306:Improving brand value
174:Established in 1977,
1645:P.D. Women's College
1424:Malbazar subdivision
1402:Dhupguri subdivision
2153:Alipurduar district
2148:Jalpaiguri district
2039:Alipurduar Junction
1803:Alipurduar district
1354:Phulbari (proposed)
1247:Jalpaiguri division
1242:Jalpaiguri district
1207:Baikunthapur Forest
1192:Jalpaiguri district
1032:"Tea garden closed"
382:. Tea Board India.
266:Unviable operations
106:Jalpaiguri Division
43:Jalpaiguri division
1946:Alipurduar College
1818:Buxa Tiger Reserve
597:. Kalyanitea.com.
236:Aryaman Tea Estate
2130:
2129:
1934:
1933:
1901:Madarihat-Birpara
1828:Chilapata Forests
1769:
1768:
1455:
1454:
1252:Jalpaiguri Palace
649:. Kothari Group.
158:
87:
86:
2160:
2032:Railway stations
1939:Higher education
1889:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1773:
1687:Dabgram-Phulbari
1547:Railway stations
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725:"Group Business"
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391:
376:
367:
366:
364:
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351:Dooars and Terai
343:
302:and Manabarrie.
288:Madhu Tea Garden
257:Export potential
156:
83:
81:
31:
19:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2157:
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2105:
2069:
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2027:
1986:
1950:
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1574:Jalpaiguri Road
1554:Ambari Falakata
1542:
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1327:
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623:. Luxmi Group.
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104:regions in the
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5:
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1867:Municipalities
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1604:Maynaguri Road
1601:
1596:
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1589:New Jalpaiguri
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380:"Dooars-Terai"
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974:"Tea Gardens"
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701:. Gulma Tea.
700:
699:"We make tea"
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1906:Alipurduar I
1848:North Bengal
1837:
1584:New Domohani
1267:North Bengal
1221:
1148:. Retrieved
1134:
1122:. Retrieved
1108:
1096:. Retrieved
1087:
1078:
1066:. Retrieved
1052:
1040:. Retrieved
1026:
1014:. Retrieved
994:
982:. Retrieved
968:
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880:
868:. Retrieved
854:
842:. Retrieved
836:. The Wire.
828:
816:. Retrieved
802:
790:. Retrieved
781:
771:
759:. Retrieved
745:
733:. Retrieved
719:
707:. Retrieved
693:
681:. Retrieved
667:
655:. Retrieved
641:
629:. Retrieved
615:
603:. Retrieved
589:
577:. Retrieved
563:
551:. Retrieved
537:
525:. Retrieved
511:
499:. Retrieved
491:"Tea Garden"
485:
473:. Retrieved
464:
455:
443:. Retrieved
429:
417:. Retrieved
388:. Retrieved
359:. Retrieved
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173:
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148:
122:
89:
88:
2091:Alipurduars
2065:Alipurduars
776:Roy, Esha.
621:"Luxmi Tea"
493:. Duncans.
188:Leesh River
145:Tea gardens
110:West Bengal
94:tea gardens
47:West Bengal
2137:Categories
1874:Alipurduar
1697:Jalpaiguri
1671:Jalpaiguri
1579:Mohitnagar
1569:Jalpaiguri
1383:Jalpaiguri
1318:Jalpaiguri
1237:Jalpaiguri
916:in Bengali
675:. Tofler.
467:. Duncan.
409:"Overview"
331:References
292:Dheklapara
284:Dheklapara
220:Gandrapara
184:Danguajhar
2101:Madarihat
2081:Kumargram
2044:Buxa Road
1991:Transport
1926:Kumargram
1823:Buxa Fort
1712:Nagrakata
1707:Maynaguri
1496:Transport
1442:Nagrakata
1388:Maynaguri
1349:Mainaguri
569:"Aryaman"
316:Assam tea
300:Panighata
296:Bundapani
228:Kumargram
224:Lakhipara
176:Goodricke
169:Bagracote
65:Elevation
2110:See also
2096:Falakata
2086:Kalchini
1967:Jaldhaka
1921:Kalchini
1916:Falakata
1744:See also
1692:Dhupguri
1564:Dhupguri
1559:Belakoba
1472:Jaldhaka
1414:Banarhat
1409:Dhupguri
1344:Malbazar
1339:Dhupguri
1144:Archived
1118:Archived
1092:Archived
1062:Archived
1036:Archived
1007:Archived
978:Archived
949:Archived
920:Archived
890:Archived
864:Archived
838:Archived
812:Archived
786:Archived
755:Archived
729:Archived
703:Archived
677:Archived
651:Archived
625:Archived
599:Archived
573:Archived
547:Archived
521:Archived
495:Archived
469:Archived
465:About Us
439:Archived
413:Archived
384:Archived
355:Archived
208:Chalouni
192:Meenglas
39:Location
1982:Kaljani
1811:General
1717:Rajganj
1437:Matiali
1393:Rajganj
1200:General
1150:19 July
1124:18 June
1098:19 July
1068:19 July
1042:19 July
1016:19 July
984:11 June
958:21 July
926:19 July
896:19 July
844:19 July
818:19 July
792:16 July
761:19 July
735:18 June
709:19 July
683:19 July
657:19 July
631:19 July
605:19 July
579:19 July
553:8 March
527:19 July
501:19 July
475:19 July
445:19 July
419:19 July
390:19 July
361:18 July
322:Workers
280:Samsing
245:region.
200:Aibheel
165:Birpara
119:History
96:in the
78: (
2008:NH 317
1977:Torsha
1972:Teesta
1962:Dharla
1955:Rivers
1833:Dooars
1805:topics
1735:Kranti
1726:Former
1513:NH 317
1508:NH 31A
1487:Torsha
1482:Teesta
1477:Karala
1467:Dharla
1460:Rivers
1366:blocks
1277:Raikat
1217:Dooars
1194:topics
870:8 July
216:Sankos
204:Chulsa
180:Dooars
152:Dooars
134:Dooars
98:Dooars
2013:NH 27
2003:NH 31
1998:NH 17
1853:Terai
1518:NH 27
1503:NH 17
1287:Terai
1010:(PDF)
1003:(PDF)
952:(PDF)
945:(PDF)
141:tea.
130:Terai
114:India
102:Terai
51:India
1152:2020
1126:2020
1100:2020
1070:2020
1044:2020
1018:2020
986:2020
960:2020
928:2020
898:2020
872:2020
846:2020
820:2020
794:2020
763:2020
737:2020
711:2020
685:2020
659:2020
633:2020
607:2020
581:2020
555:2020
529:2020
503:2020
477:2020
447:2020
421:2020
392:2020
363:2020
226:and
212:Jiti
196:Hope
100:and
80:1862
76:1862
73:Open
57:Area
1702:Mal
1432:Mal
314:or
139:CTC
108:of
2139::
1086:.
1060:.
914:.
780:.
519:.
463:.
400:^
371:^
349:.
338:^
294:,
290:,
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159:)
112:,
49:,
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1795:e
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687:.
661:.
635:.
609:.
583:.
557:.
531:.
505:.
479:.
449:.
423:.
394:.
365:.
155:(
82:)
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