33:
46:
493:. The species feeds on a multitude of insects, spiders, and arthropods. To do this, adults malaxate prey and feed on the juices. Other times, they have been observed eating meat, molluscs, fruit, and nectar. Larvae produce a secretion on which adults feed, as well. Wasps limit themselves to attacking live prey, but other species have been observed to feed on carcasses.
389:
invades the host colony around the same time that the first workers start to emerge. The invasive queen waits around 10 days before killing the host queen and laying her eggs. Males emerge in late July and new queens emerge in early August. After a few days, the males and females leave for their
567:
is able to comfortably coexist with its host, it does not integrate nearly as well into host colonies as inquiline ant species. Due to its mediocre proficiency, inquiline wasps are only able to parasitize other species that exist in small colonies and have short cycles.
283:
A black and white, sometimes pale yellow, this wasp has brown-tinted wings. Normally, abdominal segments 1-5 are bordered, towards their rears, with a thin, white band. The large, dark malar space between the eye and the yellow jaw puts this species in
239:
is 13.0–14.0 mm in females and 10.0–12.0 mm in males. Commonly, its body is an ivory colour, but it can be pale yellow on occasion; the pale yellow subspecies are found in the western
Nearctic and Palearctic regions. Usually, the
382:. In mid-May or just before, colonies initiate. The first set of workers emerges in early June and begins working on large cells mid-June. Queens emerge in early July and the colony continues until just after mid-August.
439:
was present and this was confirmed by direct observation. Furthermore, they do not have a worker caste and they do not construct nests. Instead, they will use the host nests and workers to raise their offspring.
394:
queen dies by mid-July, if not earlier, from fights with host workers. After the colony ceases, the queen enters hibernation in a sheltered area. She will then emerge and feed on nectar and malaxate
331:
nests in beehives, underneath overhanging edge of roofs (sometimes up to 7 m above ground) and porches, and cavities of walls. On occasion, they may also nest in tree holes or holes in the ground.
446:
uses a submissive approach while the host nest is under attack, living alongside the host queen for a while before attempting to kill her. This is different from other inquiline species, such as
497:
is a common process among wasps, where one member transfers food to another member by feeding it mouth-to-mouth. Members of the host nest are mainly responsible for feeding the parasitic
1501:
244:
is elongated, but sometimes it will be small and round. Females almost always have a black, disc-like spot, whereas males have a black mark that extends to the
1514:
761:"The Roles of Seasonality, Host Synchrony, and Behavior in the Evolutions and Distributions of Nest Parasites in Hymenoptera with Special Reference to Bees"
413:
when the parasitic female enters the host nest and assumes the reproductive responsibility of queen while simultaneously leading the pre-existing workers.
350:. This species produces no workers; the eggs laid in the host's nest produce queens and males, which are nurtured by the workers of the host species.
1583:
1475:
854:
456:
is an active member of the colony, feeding larvae and constructing portions of the nest. Workers of the host species were observed interacting with
614:
Archer, Michael (September 2006). "Taxonomy, distribution and nesting biology of species of the genus
Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)".
365:
invades the nest of host species before the first set of workers appears, and lives alongside the queen for a time before usurping her.
1588:
1436:
460:, suggesting that the parasite may emit a chemical that pacifies the host. This is also supported by the presence of an enlarged
398:
until she attempts to usurp a host colony. On average, the colony cycle for a successful parasitic queen is about 2.8 months.
1578:
1365:
803:"Phylogenetic Relationships among Yellowjackets and the Evolution of Social Parasitism (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Vespinae)"
760:
252:
individuals have a black spot extending to the dorsal margin. The postocular band in females is narrower relative to the
45:
847:
708:
555:, which states that a social parasite is more closely related to its host than to any other species. In host colonies,
528:
are closer together, providing a smaller gap for incoming stingers to penetrate, thereby decreasing chances of injury.
1384:
241:
1519:
1454:
1467:
1059:
256:
postocular stripes, whereas in males it is rarely narrowed. Occasionally, small ivory sports are located on the
1573:
513:
423:
317:
814:
551:, are the only four vespine wasp species that display inquilinism. Furthermore, all of these species abide by
840:
311:
1327:
427:, although this was not accepted by some authorities for some time, indirect evidence was the presence of
32:
1389:
683:
999:
140:
1410:
994:
926:
684:"Identification Atlas of the Vespidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) of the northeastern Nearctic region"
461:
361:
is a parasitic species, so its lifecycle is consistent with the host it parasitises. Furthermore,
1264:
1211:
1027:
780:
631:
40:
1506:
1568:
1540:
1397:
1257:
1227:
1022:
931:
888:
474:
448:
253:
157:
1545:
1305:
1271:
1076:
818:
810:
772:
662:
623:
276:
6 usually is black with a less developed fascia than previous terga. Furthermore, in males,
1527:
1291:
989:
969:
941:
552:
1462:
1449:
979:
964:
863:
776:
117:
472:
invades the nest of the host species before the first set of workers appears, whereas
1562:
984:
959:
936:
921:
802:
627:
784:
726:
635:
516:
of the stinger is thicker than average and is curved. These modifications allow for
327:
constructs nests in trees and shrubs no more than 2 m above the ground. Sometimes,
1402:
1191:
1166:
1127:
1051:
911:
880:
494:
1488:
1359:
1222:
1217:
490:
97:
1298:
1282:
1171:
1146:
1100:
1017:
1009:
974:
395:
306:
185:
177:
1441:
1350:
1423:
1250:
1244:
1239:
1184:
1177:
1156:
1151:
1116:
898:
525:
421:
species, meaning that workers are not produced. One of its hosts species is
418:
410:
391:
173:
77:
57:
452:, which attack the nest's queen immediately. During its time in the nest,
1376:
1344:
1140:
1122:
916:
560:
257:
236:
224:
220:
189:
107:
1532:
667:
650:
1480:
1161:
1133:
906:
465:
290:
249:
245:
1493:
261:
1091:
951:
822:
277:
273:
265:
193:
87:
67:
1321:
1428:
520:
to effectively penetrate the intersegmental membranes of the host.
204:
from the
Holarctic region, but more recent research indicates that
1109:
832:
269:
1415:
1202:
1041:
871:
1325:
836:
390:
mating flights. The colony then terminates in mid-August. The
815:
10.1206/0003-0082(2006)3507[1:PRAYAT]2.0.CO;2
478:
invades after the emergence of the first set of workers.
409:
is a parasitic social insect. Social insects are labeled
184:
feeds on a variety of foods, including insects, spiders,
468:
species. Time of invasion also differs between species.
280:
7 is usually black and rarely contains two ivory spots.
709:"Report of a saxon wasp nest attacked by a cuckoo wasp"
651:"The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera)"
524:
is better equipped defensively, as well. The abdominal
512:
stinger is an adaptation to its parasitic biology. The
264:. Females present with pairs of black discal spots on
1334:
1281:
1201:
1099:
1090:
1068:
1049:
1040:
1008:
950:
897:
879:
870:
219:is one of a few parasitic members the subfamily
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
200:was formerly considered to be synonymous with
848:
8:
688:Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification
649:Lynn S. Kimsey; James M. Carpenter (2012).
1322:
1096:
1046:
876:
855:
841:
833:
385:Regardless of the host species, the queen
31:
20:
666:
720:
718:
609:
607:
577:
600:. Academic Press, Inc. pp. 51–75.
489:, like social vespines, is primarily
7:
1468:a72bd7d5-b057-46a3-8737-7c6fac2829d2
796:
794:
682:Buck, Matthias (19 February 2008).
801:Carpenter, James (16 March 2006).
777:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1987.tb01640.x
14:
563:control over worker wasps. While
309:distribution, and it parasitises
628:10.1111/j.1479-8298.2006.00174.x
44:
1584:Taxa named by Robert du Buysson
759:Wcislo, William (28 May 1987).
655:Journal of Hymenoptera Research
288:rather than the related genus
1:
272:3 and 4, as well. In males,
223:, most species of which are
435:was absent but the related
1605:
346:, but it also parasitises
1589:Insects described in 1905
1366:Dolichovespula adulterina
1336:Dolichovespula adulterina
1234:Dolichovespula adulterina
807:American Museum Novitates
196:, and larval secretions.
176:social wasp found in the
169:Dolichovespula adulterina
150:Dolichovespula adulterina
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
25:Dolichovespula adulterina
23:
735:(Hymenoptera: Vespidae)"
729:Dolichovespula norwegica
298:Distribution and habitat
378:most often parasitises
342:main host in Europe is
268:5, and occasionally on
248:margin of the clypeus.
208:is a separate species.
212:Taxonomy and phylogeny
1579:Hymenoptera of Europe
1000:Channel-billed cuckoo
616:Entomological Science
1463:Fauna Europaea (new)
1283:Lycaenid butterflies
995:Great spotted cuckoo
927:Brown-headed cowbird
596:Akre, Roger (1982).
531:
260:behind the pronotal
725:Dvorak, L. (2007).
668:10.3897/jhr.28.3514
402:Parasitic behaviour
1265:Vespula infernalis
1228:Cuckoo paper wasps
1212:Ammophila sabulosa
1178:Bombus (Psithyrus)
1028:Greater honeyguide
765:Biological Reviews
464:relative to other
235:The length of the
132:D. adulterina
1556:
1555:
1541:Open Tree of Life
1328:Taxon identifiers
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1258:Vespula austriaca
1086:
1085:
1036:
1035:
1023:Lesser honeyguide
932:Screaming cowbird
889:Black-headed duck
475:Vespula austriaca
431:in regions where
165:
164:
1596:
1549:
1548:
1536:
1535:
1523:
1522:
1510:
1509:
1497:
1496:
1484:
1483:
1471:
1470:
1458:
1457:
1445:
1444:
1432:
1431:
1419:
1418:
1406:
1405:
1393:
1392:
1380:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1323:
1306:Phengaris rebeli
1272:Vespula squamosa
1097:
1077:Pungtungia herzi
1047:
877:
857:
850:
843:
834:
827:
826:
798:
789:
788:
756:
750:
749:
739:
722:
713:
712:
705:
699:
698:
696:
694:
679:
673:
672:
670:
646:
640:
639:
611:
602:
601:
593:
172:is a species of
152:
49:
48:
35:
21:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1574:Brood parasites
1559:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1544:
1539:
1531:
1528:Observation.org
1526:
1518:
1513:
1505:
1500:
1492:
1487:
1479:
1474:
1466:
1461:
1453:
1448:
1440:
1435:
1427:
1422:
1414:
1409:
1401:
1396:
1388:
1383:
1375:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1330:
1320:
1311:
1299:Phengaris arion
1292:Phengaris alcon
1277:
1197:
1082:
1064:
1032:
1004:
990:Diederik cuckoo
970:Pheasant cuckoo
946:
942:Bronzed cowbird
893:
866:
864:Brood parasites
861:
831:
830:
800:
799:
792:
758:
757:
753:
737:
727:"Parasitism of
724:
723:
716:
707:
706:
702:
692:
690:
681:
680:
676:
648:
647:
643:
613:
612:
605:
595:
594:
579:
574:
534:
510:D. adulterina's
507:
484:
404:
373:
356:
340:D. adulterina's
337:
300:
233:
214:
161:
154:
148:
135:
43:
17:
16:Species of wasp
12:
11:
5:
1602:
1600:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1537:
1524:
1511:
1498:
1485:
1472:
1459:
1450:Fauna Europaea
1446:
1433:
1420:
1407:
1394:
1381:
1371:
1356:
1340:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1287:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1113:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1060:Cuckoo catfish
1056:
1054:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
980:Jacobin cuckoo
977:
972:
967:
965:Striped cuckoo
962:
956:
954:
948:
947:
945:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
903:
901:
895:
894:
892:
891:
885:
883:
874:
868:
867:
862:
860:
859:
852:
845:
837:
829:
828:
790:
751:
714:
700:
674:
641:
622:(3): 281–293.
603:
576:
575:
573:
570:
565:D. adulterina
557:D. adulterina
533:
530:
522:D. adulterina
518:D. adulterina
506:
503:
499:D. adulterina
483:
480:
462:Dufour’s gland
444:D. adulterina
415:D. adulterina
403:
400:
387:D. adulterina
372:
367:
355:
352:
336:
333:
299:
296:
286:Dolichovespula
232:
231:Identification
229:
213:
210:
163:
162:
155:
144:
143:
137:
136:
129:
127:
123:
122:
119:Dolichovespula
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1601:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:Of Nestmakers
1067:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1052:Mouthbrooders
1048:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
985:Indian cuckoo
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
960:Common cuckoo
958:
957:
955:
953:
949:
943:
940:
938:
937:Giant cowbird
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
922:Shiny cowbird
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
904:
902:
900:
899:Passeriformes
896:
890:
887:
886:
884:
882:
878:
875:
873:
869:
865:
858:
853:
851:
846:
844:
839:
838:
835:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
797:
795:
791:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
755:
752:
747:
743:
742:Silva Gabreta
736:
734:
733:D. adulterina
730:
721:
719:
715:
711:. 1986-06-30.
710:
704:
701:
689:
685:
678:
675:
669:
664:
660:
656:
652:
645:
642:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
610:
608:
604:
599:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
578:
571:
569:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
539:, along with
538:
537:D. adulterina
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
504:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
487:D. adulterina
481:
479:
477:
476:
471:
470:D. adulterina
467:
463:
459:
458:D. adulterina
455:
454:D. adulterina
451:
450:
445:
441:
438:
434:
430:
429:D. adulterina
426:
425:
420:
416:
412:
408:
407:D. adulterina
401:
399:
397:
393:
388:
383:
381:
377:
376:D. adulterina
371:
368:
366:
364:
363:D. adulterina
360:
359:D. adulterina
353:
351:
349:
345:
341:
334:
332:
330:
326:
322:
320:
319:
314:
313:
308:
304:
303:D. adulterina
297:
295:
293:
292:
287:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
238:
230:
228:
226:
222:
218:
217:D. adulterina
211:
209:
207:
203:
199:
198:D. adulterina
195:
191:
187:
183:
182:D. adulterina
179:
175:
171:
170:
159:
153:
151:
145:
142:
141:Binomial name
138:
134:
133:
128:
125:
124:
121:
120:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1335:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1233:
1232:
1223:Cuckoo wasps
1210:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1167:Protepeolini
1139:
1132:
1128:Ericrocidini
1115:
1108:
1075:
952:Cuculiformes
912:Cuckoo-finch
881:Anseriformes
806:
768:
764:
754:
745:
741:
732:
728:
703:
691:. Retrieved
687:
677:
658:
654:
644:
619:
615:
598:Social Wasps
597:
564:
559:queens have
556:
553:Emery's rule
548:
544:
541:V. austriaca
540:
536:
535:
532:Emery's rule
521:
517:
509:
508:
498:
495:Trophallaxis
486:
485:
473:
469:
457:
453:
449:V. austriaca
447:
443:
442:
437:D. norwegica
436:
432:
428:
424:D. norwegica
422:
414:
406:
405:
386:
384:
379:
375:
374:
369:
362:
358:
357:
354:Colony cycle
348:D. norwegica
347:
343:
339:
338:
329:D. saxonica
328:
325:D. saxonica
324:
323:
318:D. norwegica
316:
310:
302:
301:
289:
285:
282:
234:
216:
215:
205:
201:
197:
181:
168:
167:
166:
149:
147:
131:
130:
118:
24:
18:
1489:iNaturalist
1360:Wikispecies
1218:Ceropalinae
1101:Cuckoo bees
809:(3507): 1.
771:: 515–542.
491:carnivorous
433:D. saxonica
380:D. saxonica
370:D. saxonica
344:D. saxonica
312:D. saxonica
98:Hymenoptera
1563:Categories
1172:Rhathymini
1147:Isepeolini
1018:Honeyguide
1010:Piciformes
975:Asian koel
693:16 October
572:References
545:D. arctica
396:arthropods
307:Palearctic
206:D. arctica
202:D. arctica
186:arthropods
178:Palearctic
78:Arthropoda
1251:Stizoides
1245:Sapygidae
1240:Nyssonini
1185:Sphecodes
1157:Nomadinae
1152:Melectini
1117:Coelioxys
823:2246/5782
661:: 37–65.
561:allomonal
549:D. omissa
526:sclerites
419:inquiline
411:parasites
392:inquiline
192:, fruit,
174:parasitic
126:Species:
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
1569:Vespidae
1507:10667703
1374:BioLib:
1345:Wikidata
1141:Exaerete
1123:Dioxyini
917:Viduidae
785:86133581
748:: 65–67.
636:84013332
501:larvae.
258:pronotum
237:forewing
225:eusocial
221:Vespinae
190:molluscs
188:, meat,
180:region.
108:Vespidae
104:Family:
74:Phylum:
68:Animalia
54:Domain:
1546:3251153
1520:1667497
1481:1311825
1416:1032907
1351:Q916125
1162:Osirini
1134:Euaspis
1092:Insects
907:Cowbird
514:cuticle
466:vespine
335:Biology
291:Vespula
254:lateral
250:Melanic
246:ventral
242:clypeus
160:, 1905)
158:Buysson
114:Genus:
94:Order:
88:Insecta
84:Class:
1494:465288
1455:167822
1442:216100
1429:DOLVAD
1390:308722
1192:Stelis
783:
634:
547:, and
417:is an
305:has a
278:tergum
274:tergum
266:tergum
194:nectar
1502:IRMNG
1437:EUNIS
1403:377DK
1377:69873
1203:Wasps
1110:Aglae
872:Birds
781:S2CID
738:(PDF)
632:S2CID
505:Sting
270:terga
262:fovea
1533:8254
1515:NCBI
1476:GBIF
1424:EPPO
1385:BOLD
1042:Fish
695:2014
482:Diet
315:and
1411:EoL
1398:CoL
1050:Of
819:hdl
811:doi
773:doi
731:by
663:doi
624:doi
1565::
1543::
1530::
1517::
1504::
1491::
1478::
1465::
1452::
1439::
1426::
1413::
1400::
1387::
1362::
1347::
817:.
805:.
793:^
779:.
769:62
767:.
763:.
744:.
740:.
717:^
686:.
659:28
657:.
653:.
630:.
618:.
606:^
580:^
543:,
321:.
294:.
227:.
856:e
849:t
842:v
825:.
821::
813::
787:.
775::
746:1
697:.
671:.
665::
638:.
626::
620:9
156:(
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