1076:, completed her final round-the-world trip and was sold off. Also in 1973, American Mail Line was fully absorbed into APL, and its ships were subsequently given traditional "President" names. By 1971, the use of containers had again increased; 58% of the company's business moved via container. During the early 1970s, the company converted many of its traditional break-bulk freight and combination ships into more efficient container-only ships, and ordered four new-built container ships. In 1977, however, the line pulled back from worldwide freight service to focus on purely trans-Pacific routes. In 1978, the company began work on the concept of seamless integrated
390:
1264:, Roy Tang Yun-kwong, added that APL would likely face criminal charges for breaching Hong Kong Law in this incident. In 2019, American President Lines and the captain of the involved ship was charged with violating the Import and Export (Strategic Commodities) Regulations, which they both pleaded not guilty to. In April 2019, they were found guilty, with American President Lines sentenced to 90,000 HKD in fines (10,000 HKD for each vehicle), and the captain sentenced to 9,000 HKD in fines (1,000 HKD for each vehicle) and 3 months of jail time (suspended for 1.5 years).
40:
938:
839:
1226:
799:
49:
861:
cash. Thus, the
Shipping Board declared that Pacific Mail was unable to meet the terms of tender, and awarded $ 30 million worth of ships to Dollar Shipping. This naturally caused troubles for Pacific Mail, and it was taken over by Dollar Shipping the same year, although Dollar had ordered his sons to begin buying stock of the company in 1920. In 1922 the Dollar Line also acquired the Admiral Oriental Line and renamed it the American Mail Line, making Dollar one of the most profitable shipping companies in the world.
645:
752:
1260:(formerly Kwai Chung Container Terminal). The shipment was seized because APL, which had been engaged by the Singapore military to handle the shipment, did not have the appropriate permits for the vehicles and equipment. In January 2017, it was announced that Hong Kong Customs would be returning the military equipment to Singapore, and that APL would be working with the Hong Kong authorities to ship the vehicles and related equipment back to Singapore. Commissioner of the
257:
849:
965:, a C-3 class merchant vessel. In 1941, the U.S. entered World War II, and in 1942 the War Shipping Administration was created, of which APL was an agent. APL worked on the management of some of the Administration's ships, maintaining and overhauling them as well as crewing them and being responsible for the handling of cargo and passengers. APL's own ships were used, in addition to the many
203:
1147:
1061:
530:. By the end of the war (1865), under the new presidency, Pacific Mail purchased its competitor, Atlantic Mail Steamship Company, which at this point was providing service from New York to the Isthmus. This in turn meant that, at last, Pacific Mail was able to provide complete service from New York to the West Coast via the Isthmus, without competition.
499:
Pacific Mail's contract with the government expired. At the same time, the contract of the U.S. Mail
Steamship Company also expired. This company had been providing the ships for the New York to Panama route and went out of business in 1859. A through service was deemed necessary (and profitable), and the company bought three new ships: the SS
1084:, a direct rail land-bridge service transporting containers from Los Angeles to New York using its own rail cars, leading to the most reliable delivery of containers of the time. At the same time, the company built its three largest vessels to date: three C-9 class diesel-powered container ships, the first of which was the
864:
Dollar Line continued expanding its business in the late 1920s, buying five more "535 President Type" ships in 1926. In that year, Dollar Line carried over 45,000 passengers and had a gross revenue of $ 6 million. Dollar encouraged others to invest in Asia with his booklet, "Have You
Investigated the
860:
This was followed up in 1925 by the purchase of eight more "535 President Type" liners from the
Shipping Board, which had previously been run by Pacific Mail. Dollar Shipping bid much lower than Pacific Mail for the ships—on the order of $ 1 million—but Pacific Mail's offer included stocks as well as
498:
In 1856, Aspinwall retired from the position of president of the
Pacific Mail Company, with the former secretary, William H. Davidge, taking the presidency. Under his control, the company's capital doubled, to $ 4 million, but the major turning point of his presidency of the company was in 1858, when
482:
By 1850 Pacific Mail maintained a monopoly over the Panama-Oregon trade, helped by the purchase of two steamers from Empire City Line. Large numbers of prospective gold miners paying for passage to
California had meant that by 1850, the capital of Pacific Mail had increased from $ 400,000 to over $ 2
1202:
for $ 285 million, at a cost of $ 33.50 per share. In 1998, the APL vessel APL CHINA encountered a storm south of the
Aleutian Islands. The losses to the cargo, with 388 containers going overboard and many others damaged as well as damage to the ship, initiated $ 50 million in lawsuit claims against
1022:
In 1945, R. Stanley Dollar, son of Robert Dollar, initiated court proceedings in the form of the Dollar case, in an attempt to force the return of the company from the government to his family. This case would last seven years, with the government continuing the operation of APL in the meantime. APL
1206:
In 1999, the stack train franchise was sold off to Pacer, and is now known as Pacer
Stacktrain. In the new millennium, the company's business began to falter. In 2001, parent company NOL reported losses of $ 57 million, followed by an amazing loss of $ 330 million in 2002. At this same time, APL's
1101:
rail cars that could carry containers stacked one on top of another rather than carrying just a single level of containers. Each rail car had a well that held the bottom container, thereby lowering the two stacked containers to reduce their combined height to fit within rail line clearances, hence
957:
to succeed R. Stanley Dollar and Joseph R. Sheehan as the new president of the line. The first item of business was an amendment to the corporate charter, renaming the line as "American
President Lines". American Mail Line was also sold to tobacco magnate Richard J. Reynolds and reorganized as an
1037:
the next year, which were advertised as "your
American hotel abroad." In the 1950s, the company again expanded, building more ships; 11 were built between 1952 and 1954. These included C-4 class cargo ships. Also, a settlement was finally reached in the Dollar case. Rather than the Dollar family
431:
sacrificed cargo capacity for speed, but in some markets, the fast service allowed their owners to charge premium rates (e.g. tea from China tasted better if it was fresh, so the cargo on the first ship of the season to arrive in New York was worth more). Also, faster speed meant that the vessel
671:
meant that the passenger traffic on the Panama route declined. In 1872, the U.S. government doubled the subsidy on mail transported by Pacific Mail, although it required the doubling of service and the modernization of the fleet. Therefore, in 1873, Pacific Mail took delivery of the first of 11
1045:, and sent research teams into 28 major ports. Following their reports, Davies began integrating containers into the company's business. By 1961, the company had begun launching ships capable of container transport, the first two of these being the combination break-bulk - container vessels SS
1121:
Double-stacking containers greatly improved operating efficiency by reducing train length and the number of axles per container, thus saving fuel per ton-mile. Another benefit was created by permanently joining five cars in a set. This reduced the number of couplers, which reduced
1207:
sales dropped from $ 3.8 billion in 2000 to $ 3.4 billion in 2002. Acting CEO Ron Widdows began a campaign of cost cutting and sped up decision making, and since 2003, the company has been making money again. In 2005, the company introduced the "Real-Time Locating System" using
1102:
the common name for double stack cars: "well cars." Double-stacking containers in well cars was developed in the late 1970s and first deployed in 1981, but APL was the first shipping line to fully embrace and exploit the concept. APL's cars were developed and manufactured by
1158:
The 1990s were a period of continued growth for APL. It still clung to the tradition of naming ships after U.S. presidents, and it had a fleet of 20 fully containerized ships at this point with a combined capacity of 20,000 TEUs. In 1990, APL had a special request for
1143:, a TEU being an arbitrary container unit 20 feet (6.1 m) long. All these developments led APL to be declared an industry leader in 1989, with the award of the "Admiral of the Ocean Sea Award" by the United Seamen's Service to the president, W. Bruce Seaton.
1126:. Slack is created in any train by the couplers between the cars being stretched and compressed, and in long, heavy trains this can be quite a powerful force. By reducing slack action, the damage caused to the freight transported in containers is also reduced.
912:
On May 16, 1932, Robert Dollar died at the age of 88 and was succeeded by his son, Robert Stanley Dollar. The company began a steady decline. The faltering Dollar companies were now faced with sharply increased operating costs. In December 1937
467:) in the Pacific running from Panama City to San Francisco. In April 1851 the rivalry was ended when an agreement was made between the companies, the U.S. Mail Steamship Company purchased the Pacific Mail steamers on the Atlantic side (SS
816:
voyage to Yokohama, Japan and the Philippines, marking his entry into international shipping. During World War I, Dollar ordered the construction of $ 30 million worth of ships in China, and in 1923 bought seven "502 President Type"
228:
In 1938, the U.S. government took over the management of the Dollar Steamship Co., which was in financial difficulties and transferred their assets to the newly formed American President Lines. In 1997, Singaporean shipping company
1134:
service. Another initiative was to introduce larger container sizes: 45-foot (14 m) containers in 1982, 48-foot (15 m) containers in 1985 and 53-foot (16 m) containers in 1988. Also in 1988, the company developed
491:, which would replace old wagon trails across the Isthmus, cutting travel time from four days to four hours. In 1852 George Law went into partnership with Aspinwall and developed its eastern terminal next to the wharf at
1053:. Ports also began adapting to the new container-based system, although many potential customers were still wary. By the end of the decade, the company was still launching combination ships rather than fully cellular
1038:
taking back the company, it was sold to a group of investors led by Ralph K. Davies for $ 18.3 million. At this time Davies also acquired control of American Mail Line with the aim of reintegrating it into APL.
1129:
At the same time, the company continued to modernize its fleet, with ever-larger and faster ships, all of which were outfitted for container transport. APL also started a door-to-door service, known as the
1211:, which accurately recorded the position of every container within the system, reducing delays and lost containers—APL's Global Gateway South terminal in Los Angeles now moves 1.65 million TEUs annually.
2955:
727:
in 1904. These ships were the largest and fastest passenger-freight ships in the Pacific, the latter two measuring more than 13,600 gross tons, larger than any other ship the company owned at the time.
495:, Columbia, then sold his interest in 1853. This line was completed in 1855, and coordination between steamships and this line meant the travel time from San Francisco to New York was cut to 21 days.
2812:
1245:
when over 90% of Singapore stocks were purchased by the container line. Later that year, CMA CGM subsidiary U.S. Lines as well as the transpacific business of ANL was consolidated into APL.
822:
2647:
2525:
2948:
1072:
The increasing use of air travel meant that the company's passenger services had steadily been declining throughout the 1960s, and by 1973, the last APL liner, the SS
1573:
869:(also known as the Jones–White act) also helped Dollar Line, allowing it to sign a lucrative new mail contract and requiring it to build new ships to meet demand.
2941:
1903:
1139:
vessels, those too large to transit the Panama Canal. These ships were 903 feet (275 m) long and 129 feet (39 m) wide, with the ability to carry 4,300
2656:
2209:
1415:
812:, to prospect potential lumber markets on the other side of the Pacific. He began to acquire a number of ships, and began his trans-Pacific shipping with a
688:
In 1875, William Henry Aspinwall, died on January 18 at the age of 68, but Pacific Mail continued on, and soon began service to Australia and New Zealand.
2640:
483:
million. Pacific Mail also ordered four new ships, designed to meet the needs of trade to and from California, and opened ship depots at Panama City and
1261:
1249:
2280:
2473:
775:. Following this, in 1893, he purchased his own sawmill on the Pacific Coast. Due to unreliable shipping timetables, he found it hard to ship his
534:
656:
Through these links, freight could be moved from New York to Yokohama in 42 days, to Shanghai in 47 days and Hong Kong in 50 days, including all
561:
storage for the voyage, and in 1867, became the first steamship to run a regular service across the Pacific Ocean, running from San Francisco to
3118:
3113:
2846:
961:
By 1940, the U.S. government had commissioned 16 new ships for APL, continuing the "president" naming of ships, one of these examples being SS
522:(1861–65), Pacific Mail used its steamers to transport gold to the East Coast to support the Northern cause. The company also received the SS
515:. Competition from the other Atlantic steamship lines was fierce, however, and within a few years, the route on the Atlantic side was pulled.
3098:
2633:
1898:
1057:
as already employed by several U.S., British, European and Japanese lines, yet by 1969, 23% of the company's business moved via container.
1930:
1080:
in the U.S. market: the idea of moving containerized goods via ship, train and truck under one company identity. By 1979, APL started the
2547:
2533:
2419:
1968:
1822:
1012:
795:(commonly known as "Dollar Line") on August 12, 1900, which soon grew to have a large fleet of schooners transporting lumber to market.
393:
The Pacific Mail docks in San Francisco, circa 1860s. Two steamships are shown, both of which are in Trans-Pacific service at the time.
389:
39:
1748:
996:
2455:
1779:
1292:
Since October 2020, APL has focused exclusively on U.S. Government business - leaving CMA CGM as the sole brand in the transpacific.
1183:, using this to keep track of its ever-growing fleet of trains, containers and ships. This has been continually upgraded ever since.
2981:
2735:
2242:
1843:
1111:
950:
581:
These ships were ordered at a cost of $ 1 million, and the capital of the company was increased to $ 20 million to cover this cost.
1608:
1435:
1103:
549:
was pulled from the original New York–San Francisco route to be used on the new route from San Francisco to China and Japan. The
2002:
958:
independent company. With that the Dollar Steamship, a long potent force in American shipping, became part of maritime history.
419:
is considered to be the first of the extreme clippers, which were the racehorses of the sea. The next year, the company had the
295:
279:
3046:
2704:
1257:
1208:
832:
327:
251:
1691:
652:, one of Pacific Mail's fastest and largest ships, is depicted on an advertisement for the company's trans-Pacific service.
266:, Pacific Mail's first ship, that departed New York almost empty, before being filled with hopeful gold miners heading for
3103:
1115:
1024:
1583:
1577:
2769:
2162:
1814:
1655:
1488:
1387:
1077:
330:
with a capital of $ 400,000, of which Aspinwall was elected the first president. This company was to move the mail from
2508:
739:, where it operated as a subsidiary from 1916 till 1925, when the company's trans-Pacific fleet was bought over by the
2877:
2491:
1194:
terminal as well, increasing it from 83 acres (340,000 m) to 160. The company became the first shipper to open a
1140:
881:
866:
696:
436:
291:
334:
to the West Coast, being paid $ 199,000 per annum by the U.S. government. In January 1848, the company ordered three
2338:
2090:
3026:
2757:
1004:
2369:
2217:
1533:
3108:
3006:
2862:
2740:
2619:
873:
668:
275:
2882:
2725:
925:. By 1938 The company was $ 7 million in debt, with interest increasing this by $ 80,000 per day. In June 1938
838:
2613:
2123:
937:
1440:
1016:
1000:
798:
776:
736:
397:
Prior to founding Pacific Mail, Aspinwall had extensive experience in the shipping business as a partner in
319:
105:
977:, a Victory class vessel. At the end of the war in 1945, the company's assets were valued at $ 40 million.
2897:
2320:
2302:
1180:
1168:
1107:
877:
448:
398:
2272:
1277:, a ship belonging to Singapore, off Pasir Gudang Port in Johor, Malaysia. The accident occurred because
618:, between San Francisco and Hong Kong, stopping at Yokohama. This ran once monthly. This linked with the
432:
could complete more voyages in a given time period, which compensated for the diminished cargo capacity.
2976:
2824:
895:
826:
813:
323:
287:
1225:
565:, Japan and onward to Hong Kong. Pacific Mail also ordered four new ships to run on this route: the SS
537:
awarded the first mail contract of $ 500,000 per annum between San Francisco and the Far East — namely
3036:
2752:
2745:
1199:
973:
ships that were built. In 1944, an additional 16 ships were built specifically for APL, including SS
954:
708:
375:
267:
260:
230:
2580:
1289:
was heavily damaged, with at least 300 tonnes of oil spilled into the water near Pasir Gudang Port.
1190:
to open a new terminal, at a cost of $ 70 million. The next year, it almost doubled the size of its
644:
2922:
2834:
1976:
1939:
1219:
1187:
1031:
888:
484:
420:
115:
1908:
1186:
In 1993, the company continued to increase its revenues, and entered a 30-year agreement with the
256:
1160:
633:
608:
519:
343:
150:
69:
751:
294:
passed the Mail Steamer Bill (1847), mail delivery was authorized to be routed by ship from the
1943:
1851:
48:
3072:
1818:
1616:
1164:
1065:
780:
677:
410:
299:
783:
down the coast towards California. Hence, in 1893 Dollar bought a 120-foot (37 m) steam
221:), is an American container shipping company that is a subsidiary of French shipping company
3062:
2991:
2774:
1332:
1098:
1093:
1042:
922:
906:
542:
492:
146:
1756:
767:
purchased his first ship, marking the beginning of his shipping empire. Dollar was born in
2917:
2892:
2608:
2584:
1787:
1097:
service, an idea following on from the successful LinerTrain venture. This involved using
1054:
981:
865:
Oriental Market for Your Product?", helping to open up Asia to 20th-century industry. The
315:
225:. It operates an all-container ship fleet, including nine U.S. flagged container vessels.
2682:
2250:
1256:
APC vehicles, along with other equipment, belonging to the Singapore Armed Forces at the
2933:
1445:
1179:
auto plants, as well as providing general service. The company also invested heavily in
3077:
2687:
848:
488:
175:
1198:
in 1995, and offered online shipment transactions. In 1997, the company was bought by
929:
was arrested (seized under admiralty law) in San Francisco for a ÂŁ35,000 unpaid debt.
3092:
3067:
3041:
2996:
2887:
2819:
2625:
2010:
1273:
909:
had deepened and the ships carried only half their capacity on their maiden voyages.
764:
700:
440:
435:
When in 1850, the Pacific Mail Steamship Company established a competing line to the
402:
95:
91:
611:. This route also ran thrice monthly, except for the latter, which ran once monthly.
17:
3031:
3021:
2872:
2829:
2170:
1663:
1496:
1340:
1305:
1123:
988:
970:
966:
953:
judged the Dollar Shipping Company unsound and assumed control over it, appointing
732:
512:
428:
335:
2394:
876:
was beginning, Dollar Steamship Line (renamed that same year) ordered two 21,936-
3011:
2867:
2807:
2792:
2677:
1699:
1352:
992:
902:
884:
818:
772:
554:
311:
283:
233:(NOL) acquired APL, eventually moving APL's headquarters to Singapore. In 2016,
2437:
707:, making it the first ship to have electrical power in the world. In 1893, the
1214:
In 2009, APL and other Neptune Orient business moved to a new headquarters in
942:
756:
711:
acquired control over the Pacific Mail. In 1902, Pacific Mail launched the SS
59:
1873:
1541:
808:
In 1902, Dollar sailed to Asia for the first time on a Pacific Mail ship, SS
2692:
2032:
1316:
1234:
1215:
771:, Scotland in 1844, moving to Canada at the age of 11, where he worked in a
681:
538:
371:
359:
202:
1146:
2548:"The CMA CGM Group simplifies its trade network on the Transpacific trade"
2420:"Trans-Pacific businesses of ANL and US Lines to be consolidated with APL"
1060:
425:
built, which set a speed record from China to New York that still stands.
3001:
2797:
2346:
1344:
1328:
1176:
853:
784:
629:
604:
562:
339:
307:
1582:. New York City: Harper & Brothers. pp. 149–167. Archived from
1300:
APL operates marine terminals at ten strategic points around the world.
2720:
2697:
2115:
1348:
1336:
1242:
1203:
APL. This may have been the largest maritime shipping loss in history.
1195:
1191:
1172:
1136:
768:
661:
657:
444:
303:
234:
222:
180:
322:
secured a 10-year government contract through Arnold Harris, with the
3016:
2839:
1320:
1309:
1253:
918:
825:, pioneering his round-the-world service, marked by the departure of
367:
331:
2526:"Container carriers APL Denver and Wan Hai 301 collided in Malaysia"
409:, which was regarded as the fastest ship afloat, the firm built the
358:. On October 5 or October 6, 1848 the Pacific Mail's first of these
479:), and George Law sold his ships and new line to the Pacific Mail.
2590:
1224:
1145:
1059:
1023:
restarted its round-the-world passenger service, and launched the
936:
847:
837:
797:
750:
692:
643:
592:, between New York and Aspinwall, Panama. This ran thrice monthly.
388:
255:
201:
731:
In 1912, Congress banned ships owned by railroads from using the
660:. In this same year, the company owned 25 ships, with a combined
310:
on the Eastern side of the isthmus, and then a second route from
2802:
2762:
2395:"Acquisition of NOL: a historic milestone for the CMA CGM Group"
1749:"Captains, Ships, Passengers in 1800s California—Shipping Lines"
1324:
673:
558:
378:
began in January of that year, and the steamer—and its sisters,
2937:
2629:
2456:"Terrex seizure: SAF will learn from incident, says Ng Eng Hen"
2599:
1106:, while line-haul rail service was initially provided by the
901:
was completed in 1931. They were state-of-the-art, luxurious
1692:"Captains, Ships, Passengers in 1800s California—Steamships"
1041:
In 1958, the company began investigating the possibility of
835:, a tradition that Dollar Shipping continued until its end.
2474:"Hong Kong to return seized armoured vehicles to Singapore"
1068:
is parked at a warehouse loading dock in the United States.
401:. Howland & Aspinwall operated some of the most famous
719:, which were its first steel-hulled ships, followed by SS
603:, which ran between Panama and San Francisco, stopping at
1685:
1683:
1681:
2609:
Guide to the American President Lines Records, 1871–1995
2577:
1811:
The American President Lines and its Forebears 1848–1984
691:
During the 1880s Pacific Mail modernized its ships with
302:, with two steamship routes operating: New York City to
584:
By 1867, the company was running four different lines:
541:
via Japan and the Sandwich Islands (later known as the
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
1520:
Beyond Boundaries: The First 35 Years of the NOL Story
2570:
2210:"APL's Significant Contributions to Containerization"
1874:"Part One: Robert Dollar and the SS President Hoover"
1725:. Mystic, CN: Mystic Seaport Museum, Inc. p. 22.
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1241:
On June 10, 2016, APL and NOL became subsidiaries of
980:
One of the APL ships in World War II still survives.
905:
rivaling the best hotels of the era, but by then the
695:
hulls, replacing the old iron vessels, and installed
2321:"Ship disaster leaves APL lost in sea of legal woes"
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
3055:
2969:
2910:
2855:
2785:
2713:
2670:
2663:
2438:"Hong Kong armoured vehicles seizure: What we know"
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1285:while it was moving through the separation scheme.
186:
174:
164:
156:
142:
132:
122:
111:
101:
75:
65:
55:
2237:
2235:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
1996:
1994:
1003:. As a rare surviving Victory ship, she is a U.S.
887:—the largest yet built for a US shipping company.
451:placed an opposition Pacific Line of steamers (SS
366:, departed from New York City to run service from
852:A Dollar Line "President 535" Liner, from a 1926
191:
2033:"Part Two: The Wreck of the SS President Hoover"
1171:. In 1991, APL started stack train service from
405:ever built. In 1845, while it already owned the
1838:
1836:
1834:
1483:
831:on January 5, 1924. These were all named after
636:. This also ran once monthly, linking with the
2370:"APL Phoenix Headquarters Relocation Complete"
1904:Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
2949:
2641:
1603:
1601:
945:of American President Lines, adopted in 1938.
8:
2587:(includes reports and financial information)
1932:Lloyd's Register, Steamships and Motor Ships
1416:List of largest container shipping companies
1163:to pull a 143-car doublestack train between
526:, launched from the same shipyard as the SS
32:
2956:
2942:
2934:
2667:
2648:
2634:
2626:
2620:Dollar Steamship Line History and Ephemera
38:
31:
1363:
511:, all of which had formerly belonged to
2614:American Mail Line History and Ephemera
2058:Minutes of Special Stockholders Meeting
1427:
791:. This led to the establishment of the
535:Federal government of the United States
386:—took on many hopeful miners en route.
2273:"Heavy Freight and Union Pacific 3985"
1522:. Neptune Orient Lines Ltd. p. 8.
2964:United States-flag shipping companies
1118:once track clearances were enlarged.
1064:A 20 ft APL container mounted onto a
374:to San Francisco—coincidentally, the
237:acquired NOL, parent company of APL.
7:
2509:"DCCC 446/2017 Reasons for Sentence"
1218:. Previously, APL had been based in
370:to the West Coast, traveling around
2492:"DCCC 446/2017 Reasons for Verdict"
1844:"History: Robert Dollar, 1844–1932"
1013:California Shipbuilding Corporation
2657:Major container shipping companies
2368:Ware Malcomb (February 26, 2010).
2283:from the original on July 17, 2019
2126:from the original on July 28, 2011
1154:is moored in Bremerhaven, Germany.
917:ran aground off the east coast of
735:, and so Pacific Mail was sold to
25:
2982:American Roll-on Roll-off Carrier
2532:. January 4, 2017. Archived from
1574:"Pacific Mail Steam-Ship Company"
1112:Chicago and North Western Railway
951:United States Maritime Commission
872:On October 26, 1929, just as the
628:, which ran between Yokohama and
2163:"History—Timeline: 1960–Present"
1267:In January 2017, container ship
1248:In November 2016, the Hong Kong
47:
667:In 1869, the completion of the
296:East Coast of the United States
280:West Coast of the United States
3047:Waterman Steamship Corporation
1721:Somerville, Duncan S. (1983).
1656:"History — Timeline 1846–1899"
1489:"History — Timeline 1900–1959"
1365:Container ship classes of APL
328:Pacific Mail Steamship Company
252:Pacific Mail Steamship Company
246:Pacific Mail Steamship Company
27:Logistics and shipping company
1:
3119:1997 mergers and acquisitions
3114:2016 mergers and acquisitions
2091:"APL Limited Company History"
1753:The Maritime Heritage Project
1696:The Maritime Heritage Project
1262:Customs and Excise Department
1258:Kwai Tsing Container Terminal
1250:Customs and Excise Department
1091:In 1984, the company started
1019:and launched on 31 May 1945.
415:, which was even faster. The
298:to the Pacific Coast via the
219:American President Lines Ltd.
211:American President Lines, LLC
33:American President Lines, LLC
3099:Container shipping companies
2325:San Francisco Business Times
2307:San Francisco Business Times
2120:Lane Victory Maritime Center
1815:University of Delaware Press
487:. Aspinwall invested in the
81:; 176 years ago
2878:Pacific International Lines
921:, and was written off as a
867:Merchant Marine Act of 1928
437:U.S. Mail Steamship Company
292:29th United States Congress
3135:
3027:Overseas Shipholding Group
2303:"Lawsuits rock APL's boat"
1609:"History—The First Voyage"
1252:seized a shipment of nine
1005:National Historic Landmark
894:was completed in 1930 and
545:)—to Pacific Mail. The SS
249:
160:US$ 4.6 billion (FY 2016)
138:George Goldman - President
874:Wall Street Crash of 1929
743:for $ 5,625,000 in cash.
669:Transcontinental Railroad
274:Following the end of the
46:
37:
2478:South China Morning Post
1572:Otis, Fessenden (1867).
1281:had crossed the path of
933:American President Lines
793:Dollar Steamship Company
759:of Dollar Steamship Line
599:, which linked with the
3056:Tug and barge operators
2374:PRNewswire Distribution
2001:Swiggum, S.; Kohli, M.
1778:Swiggum, S.; Kohli, M.
1441:The Journal of Commerce
1233:is seen departing from
1017:Los Angeles, California
1001:Los Angeles, California
991:that is preserved as a
923:constructive total loss
747:Dollar Shipping Company
741:Dollar Shipping Company
737:W. R. Grace and Company
489:Panama Railroad Company
399:Howland & Aspinwall
320:William Henry Aspinwall
106:William Henry Aspinwall
2604:- Victory Ship website
2595:- Liberty Ship website
1942:. 1933. Archived from
1518:Elias, Rahita (2004).
1238:
1181:information technology
1169:North Platte, Nebraska
1155:
1108:Union Pacific Railroad
1069:
946:
857:
845:
805:
760:
653:
394:
271:
207:
206:A 40 ft APL container.
2977:Alaska Tanker Company
2825:Ocean Network Express
2343:Eagle Marine Services
2214:Seaports Press Review
1969:"Travelling in Style"
1949:on September 10, 2014
1534:"Corporate Structure"
1228:
1149:
1063:
940:
851:
841:
801:
754:
647:
553:was outfitted with a
392:
324:New York State Senate
259:
205:
3104:Defunct cruise lines
3017:Maersk Line, Limited
2462:. December 31, 2016.
2444:. November 25, 2016.
2309:. November 22, 1998.
2253:on September 7, 2008
2220:on December 29, 2006
1809:Niven, John (1987).
1780:"Pacific Mail SS Co"
1723:The Aspinwall Empire
1702:on December 31, 2008
1544:on February 12, 2003
1538:Neptune Orient Lines
1448:on December 14, 2020
1200:Neptune Orient Lines
1114:, and eventually by
955:William Gibbs McAdoo
949:In August 1938, the
709:Southern Pacific Co.
376:California Gold Rush
276:Mexican–American War
268:California Gold Rush
231:Neptune Orient Lines
18:Dollar Steamship Co.
2923:United States Lines
2480:. January 24, 2017.
2173:on January 17, 2013
2003:"Dollar SS Company"
1979:on January 17, 2013
1666:on January 17, 2013
1619:on January 17, 2013
1499:on January 17, 2013
1366:
1220:Oakland, California
1188:Port of Los Angeles
1175:to Mexico, serving
1027:President Cleveland
823:U.S. Shipping Board
763:Meanwhile, Captain
485:Benicia, California
166:Number of employees
116:Arlington, Virginia
34:
2583:2011-05-15 at the
2426:. August 16, 2016.
2349:on August 21, 2008
1899:"Hoover Namesakes"
1586:on January 5, 2008
1364:
1239:
1161:Union Pacific 3985
1156:
1078:intermodal service
1070:
975:President Buchanan
947:
927:President Coolidge
898:President Coolidge
880: (GRT) steam
878:gross register ton
858:
846:
828:President Harrison
806:
761:
654:
520:American Civil War
395:
344:William Henry Webb
326:incorporating the
318:. That same year,
282:now extended from
272:
208:
147:Container Shipping
70:Container shipping
3086:
3085:
3007:Keystone Shipping
2931:
2930:
2906:
2905:
2578:NOL Group website
2514:. April 29, 2019.
2497:. April 29, 2019.
2460:The Straits Times
2327:. March 21, 1999.
1911:on March 26, 2013
1579:Isthmus of Panama
1407:
1406:
1165:Cheyenne, Wyoming
1086:President Lincoln
1051:President Lincoln
1011:was built by the
963:President Jackson
781:Pacific Northwest
697:electric lighting
300:Isthmus of Panama
270:starting in 1848.
200:
199:
16:(Redirected from
3126:
3109:Temasek Holdings
3063:Crowley Maritime
2992:Crowley Maritime
2958:
2951:
2944:
2935:
2775:Italia Marittima
2683:P&O Nedlloyd
2668:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2627:
2593:Jeremiah O'Brien
2574:
2573:
2571:Official website
2556:
2555:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2536:on May 11, 2017.
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2452:
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2434:
2428:
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2416:
2410:
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2407:
2405:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2345:. Archived from
2335:
2329:
2328:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2249:. Archived from
2247:Pacer Stacktrain
2239:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2216:. Archived from
2206:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2169:. Archived from
2159:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2116:"Welcome Aboard"
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2095:Funding Universe
2087:
2062:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2009:. Archived from
1998:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1975:. Archived from
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1948:
1940:Lloyd's Register
1937:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1907:. Archived from
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1854:on July 19, 2012
1850:. Archived from
1840:
1829:
1828:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1790:on June 11, 2008
1786:. Archived from
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1759:on July 20, 2008
1755:. Archived from
1744:
1727:
1726:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1698:. Archived from
1687:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1662:. Archived from
1652:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1615:. Archived from
1605:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1569:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1540:. Archived from
1530:
1524:
1523:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1495:. Archived from
1485:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1444:. Archived from
1432:
1367:
1333:Ho Chi Minh City
1074:President Wilson
1043:containerization
1034:President Wilson
915:President Hoover
907:Great Depression
891:President Hoover
684:steamships, the
664:of 61,474 tons.
543:Hawaiian Islands
196:
193:
89:
87:
82:
51:
42:
35:
21:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3051:
3012:Hapag-Lloyd USA
2965:
2962:
2932:
2927:
2918:Hanjin Shipping
2902:
2893:X-Press Feeders
2851:
2781:
2709:
2659:
2654:
2585:Wayback Machine
2569:
2568:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2554:. July 6, 2020.
2546:
2545:
2541:
2530:Maritime Herald
2524:
2523:
2519:
2511:
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2506:
2502:
2494:
2490:
2489:
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2393:
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2296:
2286:
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2271:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2223:
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2208:
2207:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2161:
2160:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2089:
2088:
2065:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2013:on May 16, 2008
2000:
1999:
1992:
1982:
1980:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1842:
1841:
1832:
1825:
1824:978-0-874132991
1808:
1807:
1803:
1793:
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1777:
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1412:
1379:Ships in class
1376:Capacity (TEU)
1362:
1298:
1229:Container ship
1150:Container ship
1055:container ships
1047:President Tyler
935:
833:U.S. presidents
749:
686:City of Peking.
316:Astoria, Oregon
254:
248:
243:
190:
167:
149:
135:
125:
118:, United States
85:
83:
80:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3132:
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3091:
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3084:
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3078:Trailer Bridge
3075:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3057:
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3050:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2970:Ship operators
2967:
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2929:
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2895:
2890:
2885:
2883:Swire Shipping
2880:
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2859:
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2714:Ocean Alliance
2711:
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2630:
2624:
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2597:
2588:
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2564:
2563:External links
2561:
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2360:
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2107:
2063:
2049:
2037:The Takao Club
2024:
2007:The Ships List
1990:
1960:
1922:
1890:
1878:The Takao Club
1865:
1830:
1823:
1813:. Newark, DE:
1801:
1784:The Ships List
1770:
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1271:collided with
934:
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882:turbo-electric
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575:Great Republic
314:, Colombia to
250:Main article:
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3068:Foss Maritime
3066:
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3045:
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3042:TOTE Maritime
3040:
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2997:Farrell Lines
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2399:CMA CGM Group
2396:
2390:
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2348:
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2340:
2339:"Los Angeles"
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2012:
2008:
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1995:
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1978:
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621:
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617:
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610:
606:
602:
601:Atlantic Line
598:
594:
591:
590:Atlantic Line
587:
586:
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582:
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469:Crescent City
466:
462:
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450:
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441:New York City
438:
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429:Clipper ships
426:
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1452:December 25,
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1446:the original
1439:
1430:
1388:
1341:Laem Chabang
1306:Dutch Harbor
1299:
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1231:APL Savannah
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1124:slack action
1120:
1099:double-stack
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1009:Lane Victory
1008:
989:Victory ship
984:Lane Victory
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960:
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911:
903:sister ships
897:
890:
885:ocean liners
871:
863:
859:
843:Janet Dollar
842:
827:
809:
807:
802:
792:
788:
762:
740:
733:Panama Canal
730:
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523:
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513:Collins Line
508:
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477:Philadelphia
476:
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170:5,000 (2017)
112:Headquarters
56:Company type
29:
2793:Hapag-Lloyd
2688:Hamburg SĂĽd
2671:2M Alliance
2622:GG Archives
2616:GG Archives
2379:February 3,
1747:Levy, D.A.
1690:Levy, D.A.
1370:Ship class
1353:Nhava Sheva
1304:Americas –
1283:Wan Hai 301
1274:Wan Hai 301
993:museum ship
773:lumber camp
555:mizzen mast
518:During the
473:Empire City
312:Panama City
290:. When the
284:Puget Sound
217:, formerly
124:Area served
3093:Categories
2863:Arkas Line
1938:. London:
1422:References
1395:2013–2014
1287:APL Denver
1279:APL Denver
1269:APL Denver
1104:Thrall Car
1094:StackTrain
1082:LinerTrain
943:House flag
803:Mae Dollar
757:house flag
703:on the SS
658:detentions
638:China Line
616:China Line
609:Manzanillo
528:California
449:George Law
364:California
348:California
263:California
134:Key people
60:Subsidiary
2847:Yang Ming
2770:Evergreen
2693:Safmarine
2243:"History"
1503:August 7,
1351:(China),
1331:(Japan),
1327:(Japan),
1317:Kaohsiung
1296:Terminals
1235:Fremantle
1216:Singapore
1209:RFID tags
1132:Red Eagle
997:San Pedro
821:from the
814:chartered
779:from the
721:Manchuria
557:and more
539:Hong Kong
493:Aspinwall
422:Sea Witch
407:Ann McKim
372:Cape Horn
362:, the SS
346:: the SS
338:from the
288:San Diego
151:Terminals
128:Worldwide
3002:Gensteam
2798:CP Ships
2581:Archived
2442:BBC News
2404:June 14,
2287:July 17,
2281:Archived
2130:July 31,
2124:Archived
1410:See also
1345:Thailand
1329:Yokohama
1177:Chrysler
1032:SS
1025:SS
999:area of
982:SS
896:SS
889:SS
854:brochure
785:schooner
725:Mongolia
705:Columbia
650:Mongolia
634:Nagasaki
630:Shanghai
605:Acapulco
579:America.
563:Yokohama
551:Colorado
547:Colorado
524:Colorado
505:Atlantic
501:Adriatic
465:Republic
457:Columbus
453:Antelope
439:between
360:steamers
340:shipyard
308:Colombia
261:SS
143:Services
66:Industry
3037:Sealift
2911:Defunct
2888:Wan Hai
2813:DAL/JTE
2736:Comanav
2721:CMA CGM
2698:SeaLand
2353:July 5,
2277:Pentrex
2257:July 5,
2224:July 5,
2177:July 5,
2100:July 5,
2060:. 1938.
2017:July 1,
1983:July 1,
1858:July 1,
1794:July 2,
1763:July 1,
1706:July 1,
1670:July 1,
1623:July 1,
1590:June 2,
1548:July 1,
1398:13,892
1389:Temasek
1355:(India)
1349:Qingdao
1337:Vietnam
1315:Asia –
1243:CMA-CGM
1196:website
1192:Seattle
1173:Chicago
1137:Panamax
1116:Conrail
1066:chassis
1049:and SS
995:in the
971:Victory
967:Liberty
789:Newsboy
787:called
769:Falkirk
723:and SS
717:Siberia
715:and SS
662:tonnage
577:and SS
507:and SS
461:Isthmus
445:Chagres
417:Rainbow
412:Rainbow
354:and SS
304:Chagres
241:History
235:CMA CGM
223:CMA CGM
187:Website
181:CMA CGM
157:Revenue
102:Founder
84: (
76:Founded
3022:Matson
2873:Matson
2856:Others
2840:K Line
2741:Delmas
2678:Maersk
2664:Active
2042:May 7,
1953:May 7,
1915:May 7,
1883:May 7,
1821:
1391:-class
1382:Notes
1373:Built
1321:Taiwan
1310:Alaska
1254:Terrex
1007:. The
919:Taiwan
819:liners
777:lumber
678:hulled
632:, via
509:Baltic
384:Panama
380:Oregon
368:Panama
356:Oregon
352:Panama
332:Panama
176:Parent
3073:Kirby
2868:IRISL
2753:COSCO
2512:(PDF)
2495:(PDF)
1947:(PDF)
1936:(PDF)
1436:"APL"
1360:Fleet
1135:post-
987:is a
810:China
713:Korea
693:steel
573:, SS
571:Japan
569:, SS
567:China
503:, SS
475:, SS
471:, SS
463:, SS
459:, SS
455:, SS
350:, SS
2808:UASC
2803:CSAV
2763:OOCL
2758:CSCL
2406:2016
2381:2015
2355:2008
2289:2019
2259:2008
2226:2008
2179:2008
2132:2011
2102:2008
2044:2013
2019:2008
1985:2008
1955:2013
1917:2013
1885:2013
1860:2008
1819:ISBN
1796:2008
1765:2008
1708:2008
1672:2008
1625:2008
1592:2008
1550:2008
1505:2012
1454:2020
1325:Kobe
1167:and
1141:TEUs
1110:and
1030:and
969:and
941:Old
755:Old
674:iron
624:The
614:The
607:and
595:The
588:The
559:coal
443:and
382:and
194:.com
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79:1848
2987:APL
2898:ZIM
2835:MOL
2830:NYK
2820:HMM
2746:NOL
2731:APL
2726:ANL
2705:MSC
2600:SS
2591:SS
2552:APL
2424:APL
2167:APL
1973:APL
1848:APL
1660:APL
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