Blood donation - Knowledge (XXG)

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as needed compared to periods without disasters. From 1988 to 2013, it has been reported that during every national disaster, there was a surplus of donations; a surplus that consisted of over 100 units. One of the most notable examples of this pattern was the September 11th attacks. A study observed that compared to the four weeks before September 11, there was an estimated increase of 18,700 donations from first-time donors for the first week after the attack: 4,000 was the average of donations from first-time donors before the attack which increased to about 22,700 donations; while repeat donors increased their donations by 10,000 per week: initially, donations were estimated to be around 16,400 which increased to 26,400 donations after September 11. Therefore, in the first week after the attack on 9/11, there was an overall estimated 28,700 increase in donations compared to the average weekly donations made four weeks prior to the attack. Increases in donations were observed in all blood donation centers, beginning on the day of the attack. While blood donations were above average after the first few weeks following 9/11, the number of donations fell from an estimated 49,000 donations in the first week to 26,000–28,000 donations between the second and fourth weeks after 9/11. Despite the substantial increase of donors, the rate that first-time donors would become repeat donors were the same before and after the attack.

457: 414: 1512:, blood donors receive the donation day as a paid holiday from work. In 2023, Poland introduced legislation that secured two days off work for employed persons when they donate - the donation day and the subsequent next day. Blood centers will also sometimes add incentives such as assurances that donors would have priority during shortages, free T-shirts, first aid kits, windshield scrapers, pens, and similar trinkets. There are also incentives for the people who recruit potential donors, such as prize drawings for donors and rewards for organizers of successful drives. Recognition of dedicated donors is common. For example, the 1252: 357: 1347:

some units in stock but lack others, ultimately causing the patients that need units for specific blood types to have delayed or canceled procedures. Additionally, every year there is an increase of around 5-7% for transfusions without an increase of donors to balance it as well as a growing population of elderly people that will need more transfusions in the future without a predicted increase in donations to reflect those growing numbers. This was supported in 1998 where blood donations to the Red Cross increased to 8%, totaling 500,000 units but hospitals' need for donations increased by 11%.

1474: 254: 1462: 1036: 5974: 653: 796: 511:(FDA). In 2017, the UK and US further reduced their restrictions to three months. In 2023, the FDA announced new policies easing restrictions on gay and bisexual men donating blood. These updated guidelines stipulate that men in monogamous relationships with other men, or who have not recently had sex, can donate. Individuals who report having sex with people who are HIV positive or have had sex with a new partner who has engaged in anal sex are still barred from blood donation. 57: 1549:, compared the merits of the commercial and non-commercial blood donation systems of the US and the UK, coming down in favor of the latter. The book became a bestseller in the US, resulting in legislation to regulate the private market in blood. The book is still referenced in modern debates about turning blood into a commodity. The book was republished in 1997 and the same ideas and principles are applied to analogous donation programs, such as 46: 1103: 955: 1167:

of 194,000 donations found only one donor with long-term complications. In the United States, a blood bank is required to report any death that might possibly be linked to a blood donation. An analysis of all reports from October 2008 to September 2009 evaluated six events and found that five of the deaths were clearly unrelated to donation, and in the remaining case they found no evidence that the donation was the cause of death.

1293: 1171: 1451: 808: 590:. It is a common misconception that directed donations are safer for the recipient; however, family members and close friends, especially parents who have not previously donated blood, frequently feel pressured into lying about disqualifying risk factors (e.g., drug use or prior sexual relationships) and their eligibility, which can result in a higher risk of infection with 77: 136:. Despite the many reasons that people donate, not enough potential donors actively donate. However, this is reversed during disasters when blood donations increase, often creating an excess supply that will have to be later discarded. In countries that allow paid donation some people are paid, and in some cases there are incentives other than money such as 1396:

blood donations can occur due to fear, lack of faith in the medical professionals, inconvenience, and the lack of consideration for donating, or perceived racial discrimination. Pathologist Leo McCarthy states that blood shortages routinely occur in the United States between July 4 and Labor day and between Christmas and New Year.

644:). The safety of donating blood during pregnancy has not been studied thoroughly, and pregnant women are usually deferred until six weeks after the pregnancy. Donors with aortic stenosis have traditionally been deferred out of concern that the acute volume depletion (475 mL) of blood donation might compromise cardiac output. 1379:. The theme of the 2012 World Blood Donor Day campaign, "Every blood donor is a hero" focuses on the idea that everyone can become a hero by giving blood. Based on data reported by 180 countries between 2011 and 2013, the WHO estimated that approximately 112.5 million units of blood were being collected annually. 390:

criteria, they are 'deferred'. This term is used because many donors who are ineligible may be allowed to donate later. Blood banks in the United States may be required to label the blood if it is from a therapeutic donor, so some do not accept donations from donors with any blood disease. Others, such as the

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also offers free outpatient and hospitalization benefits for blood donors, for example, 4 months of free outpatient treatment and hospitalization benefits after every donation. In Poland, after donating a specific amount of blood (18 litres for men and 15 for women), a person is gifted with the title

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Multiple studies have shown that the main reason people donate is due to prosocial motivators (e.g., altruism, selflessness, charity), general awareness regarding the demand for blood, increased confidence in oneself, helping a personal friend/relative, and social pressure. On the other hand, lack of

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Blood donations tend to always be high in demand with numerous accounts repeatedly stating periodic shortages over the decades. However, this trend is disrupted during national disasters. The trend demonstrates that people are donating the most during catastrophes when, arguably, donations are not

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of the arm from the needle insertion is the most common concern. One study found that less than 1% of donors had this problem. A number of less common complications of blood donation are known to occur. These include arterial puncture, delayed bleeding, nerve irritation, nerve injury, tendon injury,

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The amount of blood donated in one session – generally called a 'unit' – is defined by the WHO as 450 millilitres. Some countries like Canada follow this standard, but others have set their own rules, and sometimes there is variation even among different agencies within a country. For example, whole

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donation is a hybrid of the two and is common in developing countries. In this case, a friend or family member of the recipient donates blood to replace the stored blood used in a transfusion, ensuring a consistent supply. When a person has blood stored that will be transfused back to the donor at a

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awards a silver pin or pendant for 10 donations, a gold pin or pendant for 20 donations, a gold lapel pin for 50 donations while those reaching 100 donations attend a dinner ceremony where they are presented with a small porcelain statue depicting the logo of the IBTS (a pelican). The government of

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Donors are screened for health problems that would put them at risk for serious complications from donating. First-time donors, teenagers, and women are at a higher risk of a reaction. One study showed that 2% of donors had an adverse reaction to donation. Most of these reactions are minor. A study

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Donated plasma is replaced after 2–3 days. Red blood cells are replaced by bone marrow into the circulatory system at a slower rate, on average 36 days in healthy adult males. In one study, the range was 20 to 59 days for recovery. These replacement rates are the basis of how frequently a donor can

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are also evaluated. Elderly donors are sometimes also deferred on age alone because of health concerns. In addition to age, weight and height are important factors when considering the eligibility for donors. For example, the American Red Cross requires a donor to be 110 pounds (50 kg) or more

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In low-resource countries, directed donation from family members and friends is common, because there is no other realistic option. The practice causes ethical challenges, because the donor may feel coerced or may be receiving undisclosed payments. Additionally, relying on a social network means

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During a platelet donation, the blood is drawn from the patient and the platelets are separated from the other blood components. The remainder of the blood, red blood cells, plasma, and white blood cells are returned to the patient. This process is completed several times for a period of up to two

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The American Red Cross states that in the United States, someone needs blood every two seconds, and someone needs platelets every thirty seconds. There is not a consistent demand for each blood type. One type of blood being in stock does not guarantee that another type is. Blood banks may have

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Donors are usually kept at the donation site for 10–15 minutes after donating since most adverse reactions take place during or immediately after the donation. Blood centers typically provide light refreshments, such as orange juice and cookies, or a lunch allowance to help the donor recover. The

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The collected blood is usually stored in a blood bank as separate components, and some of these have short shelf lives. There are no storage methods to keep platelets for extended periods of time, though some were being studied as of 2008. The longest shelf life used for platelets is seven days.

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gives recommendations for blood donation policies, but in developing countries many of these are not followed. For example, the recommended testing requires laboratory facilities, trained staff, and specialized reagents, all of which may not be available or too expensive in developing countries.

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Apheresis is a blood donation method where the blood is passed through an apparatus that separates out one particular constituent and returns the remainder to the donor. Usually the component returned is the red blood cells, the portion of the blood that takes the longest to replace. Using this

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s are unpaid volunteers who donate blood for a community supply. In some countries, established supplies are limited and donors usually give blood when family or friends need a transfusion (directed donation). Many donors donate for several reasons, such as a form of charity, general awareness

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in the United States, and the consensus was that collecting during a disaster was impractical and that efforts should be focused on maintaining an adequate supply at all times. Blood centers in the U.S. often have difficulty maintaining even a three-day supply for routine transfusion demands.

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cannot donate without permission from a parent or guardian. In some countries, answers are associated with the donor's blood, but not name, to provide anonymity; in others, such as the United States, names are kept to create lists of ineligible donors. If a potential donor does not meet these

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to make sure the donation is not hazardous to their health. How often a donor can donate varies from days to months based on what component they donate and the laws of the country where the donation takes place. For example, in the United States, donors must wait 56 days (eight weeks) between

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donors can donate much more frequently because they do not lose significant amounts of red cells. The exact rate of how often a donor can donate differs from country to country. For example, plasmapheresis donors in the United States are allowed to donate large volumes twice a week and could

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The most common method is collecting the blood from the donor's vein into a container. The amount of blood drawn varies from 200 millilitres to 550 millilitres depending on the country, but 450 millilitres is typical. The blood is usually stored in a flexible plastic bag that also contains

627:, and this check is the most common reason that a donor is ineligible. Accepted hemoglobin levels for blood donations, by the American Red Cross, is 12.5g/dL (for females) and 13.0g/dL (for males) to 20.0g/dL, anyone with a higher or lower hemoglobin level cannot donate. 507:. In 2011, the UK (excluding Northern Ireland) reduced its blanket ban on MSM donors to a narrower restriction which only prevents MSM from donating blood if they have had sex with other men within the past year. A similar change was made in the US in late 2015 by the 2513:

Hoad VC, Seed CR, Kiely P, Styles CE, McManus H, Law M, Kaldor J, Gosbell IB. Removal of UK-donor deferral for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: A large donation gain in Australia. Vox Sang. 2023 Oct;118(10):891-894. doi: 10.1111/vox.13510. Epub 2023 Aug 11. PMID:

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Glynn, Simone A.; Busch, Michael P.; Schreiber, George B.; Murphy, Edward L.; Wright, David J.; Tu, Yongling; Kleinman, Steven H.; for the NHLBI REDS Study Group (2003-05-07). "Effect of a National Disaster on Blood Supply and Safety: The September 11 Experience".

571:, and many other places defer donors who lived in the United Kingdom for risk of vCJD, donors in the United Kingdom are only restricted for vCJD risk if they have had a blood transfusion in the United Kingdom. Australia removed its UK-donor deferral in July 2022. 884: 2684:

Dzik WH, Fleisher AG, Ciavarella D, Karlson KJ, Reed GE, Berger RL. Safety and efficacy of autologous blood donation before elective aortic valve operation. Ann Thorac Surg. 1992 Dec;54(6):1177-80; discussion 1180-1. doi: 10.1016/0003-4975(92)90090-q. PMID:

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of "Distinguished Honorary Blood Donor" as well as a medal. In addition, a popular privilege in larger Polish cities is the right to free use of public transport, but the conditions for obtaining a privilege may vary depending on the city. Also in Poland,

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blood donations in the United States are in the 460–500 ml range, while those in the EU must be in the 400-500 ml range. Other countries have smaller units – India uses 350 ml, Singapore 350 or 450 ml, and Japan 200 or 400 ml. Historically, donors in the

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Beard, M.; Garwood, M.; Cookson, P.; Bashir, S.; Hancock, V.; Pergande, C.; Smith, K.; Turner, C.; Wiltshire, M.; Thomas, S.; Cardigan, R. (2006). "In Vitro Evaluation of Buffy Coat Derived Platelet Concentrates in SSP+ Platelet Storage Medium".

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decreases the rates of donor deferral due to low hemoglobin, both at the first donation visit and at subsequent donations. Iron-supplemented donors have higher hemoglobin and iron stores. On the other hand, iron supplementation frequently causes

1279:, but this process is expensive and requires an extremely cold freezer for storage. Plasma can be stored frozen for an extended period of time and is typically given an expiration date of one year and maintaining a supply is less of a problem. 1538:, many US blood centers advertised free COVID-19 antibody testing as an incentive to donate; however, these antibody tests were also useful for blood centers in determining which donors could be flagged for convalescent plasma donations. 1274:

Red blood cells (RBC), the most frequently used component, have a shelf life of 35–42 days at refrigerated temperatures. For (relatively rare) long-term storage applications, this can be extended by freezing the blood with a mixture of

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would donate only 200 ml, though larger 300 and 400 ml donations have become more common, particularly in northern China and for heavier donors. In any case, an additional 5-10 ml of blood may be collected separately for testing.

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The amount of blood drawn and the methods vary. The collection can be done manually or with automated equipment that takes only specific components of the blood. Most of the components of blood used for transfusions have a short

1221:. These reactions tend to cause tingling in the lips, but may cause convulsions, seizure, hypertension, or more serious problems. Donors are sometimes given calcium supplements during the donation to prevent these side effects. 1895:

Gribble DM, Chaffin DJ, Bryant BJ. Cost-effectiveness of FDA variance for blood collection from individuals with hereditary hemochromatosis at a 398-bed hospital-based donor center. Immunohematology. 2009;25(4):170-3. PMID:

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donors are not always screened for recipient safety problems since the donor is the only person who will receive the blood. Since the donated blood may be given to pregnant women or women of child-bearing age, donors taking

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The World Health Organization set a goal in 1997 for all blood donations to come from unpaid volunteer donors, but as of 2006, only 49 of 124 countries surveyed had established this as a standard. Some countries, such as

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is an event in which donors come to donate allogeneic blood. These can occur at a blood bank, but they are often set up at a location in the community, such as a shopping center, workplace, school, or house of worship.

1489:, have made great strides in moving towards this standard, with 20 percent of donors in 2005 being unpaid volunteers and 80 percent in 2007, but 68 of 124 countries surveyed by WHO had made little or no progress. Most 866:

instead. In this case, the blood is not stored, but is pumped directly from the donor into the recipient. This was an early method for blood transfusion and is rarely used in modern practice. It was phased out during

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from that donor to fail in the future. (Closely related family members are usually the best match for a bone marrow transplant.) A directed donation from an unrelated friend, however, would not have the same risk.

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Glynn, Simone A.; Williams, Alan E.; Nass, Catharie C.; Bethel, James; Kessler, Debra; Scott, Edward P.; Fridey, Joy; Kleinman, Steven H.; Schreiber, George B.; Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (January 2003).

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Coulthard SL, Kaplan LJ, Cannon JW. What's new in whole blood resuscitation? In the trauma bay and beyond. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2024 Jun 1;30(3):209-216. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001140. Epub 2024 Feb 6. PMID:

405:, especially rare ones, are more common in certain ethnic groups. Historically, in the United States donors were segregated or excluded on race, religion, or ethnicity, but this is no longer a standard practice. 758:

are often used based on local requirements. Additional testing is expensive, and in some cases the tests are not implemented because of the cost. These additional tests include other infectious diseases such as

5996: 192:—or alternatively, is self-donated prior to when it will be needed. Generally, the notion of donation does not refer to giving to one's self, though in this context it has become somewhat acceptably idiomatic. 5111: 1189:

is generally the worst problem encountered. Falls due to loss of consciousness may result in injuries in rare cases. The risk for developing dizziness with fainting is increased in female and young donors.

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is a special case in donor testing in that many donors will test positive for it. The virus is not a hazard to a healthy recipient, but it can harm infants and other recipients with weak immune systems.

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In the United States it is estimated that 111 million citizens are eligible blood donors, or 37% of the population. However less than 10% of the 37% eligible blood donors donate annually. In the UK the

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Wiltbank TB, Giordano GF, Kamel H, Tomasulo P, Custer B (May 2008). "Faint and prefaint reactions in whole-blood donors: an analysis of predonation measurements and their predictive value".

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presents awards for voluntary donors who have made a certain number of donations under the Blood Donor Recruitment Programme starting with a "bronze award" for 25 donations. In Ireland the

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nominally donate 83 litres (about 22 gallons) in a year, whereas the same donor in Japan may only donate every other week and could only donate about 16 litres (about 4 gallons) in a year.

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Potential donors are evaluated for anything that might make their blood unsafe to use. The screening includes testing for diseases that can be transmitted by a blood transfusion, including

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Yuan S, Gornbein J, Smeltzer B, Ziman AF, Lu Q, Goldfinger D (Jun 2008). "Risk factors for acute, moderate to severe donor reactions associated with multicomponent apheresis collections".

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Gómez-Simón A; Navarro-Núñez L; Pérez-Ceballos E; et al. (Jun 2007). "Evaluation of four rapid methods for hemoglobin screening of whole blood donors in mobile collection settings".

1408:, blood donation prevents the accumulation of toxic quantities. Donating blood may reduce the risk of heart disease for men, but the link has not been firmly established and may be from 1576: 500: 460: 417: 5666: 3944: 308:

donation is when a person, often a family member, donates blood for transfusion to a specific individual. Directed donations are relatively rare when an established supply exists. A

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collection procedures to keep the blood from clotting. Since the anticoagulant is returned to the donor along with blood components that are not being collected, it can bind the

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and platelet transfusions the system is reversed: AB positive is the universal platelet donor type while both AB positive and AB negative are universal plasma donor types.

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Sometimes there are specific reasons for preferring one form or the other. Allogeneic donations have a lower risk of some complications than blood from a family member.

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Jingxing Wang; Nan Guo (corresponding); et al. (December 2010). "Who donates blood at five ethnically and geographically diverse blood centers in China in 2008".

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Directed donations from family members (e.g., a father donating blood to his child) carry extra risks for the recipient. Any blood transfusion carries some risk of a

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for whole blood and platelet donation and at least 130 pounds (59 kg) (males) and at least 150 pounds (68 kg) (females) for power red donations (double red

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The donor is also examined and asked specific questions about their medical history to make sure that donating blood is not hazardous to their health. The donor's

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may require a transfusion from the mother's own platelets. Autologous (self) donations may be preferred for someone with a rare blood type for a planned surgery.

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that is used for manufacturing into medications much like the plasma from whole blood. Plasma collected at the same time as plateletpheresis is sometimes called

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Lee CK, Ho PL, Chan NK, Mak A, Hong J, Lin CK (Oct 2002). "Impact of donor arm skin disinfection on the bacterial contamination rate of platelet concentrates".

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Wiltbank TB, Giordano GF; Giordano, Gerald F. (Jun 2007). "The safety profile of automated collections: an analysis of more than 1 million collections".

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can take place. Manual apheresis is extremely rare in the developed world because of this risk and automated procedures are as safe as whole blood donations.

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that people with large networks of healthy adults have a better chance of receiving life-saving treatment than people without the same social privileges.

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because a false negative could mean a contaminated unit. The blood is usually discarded if these tests are positive, but there are some exceptions, such as

594:. Additionally, in the less common case of a person with leukemia or other bone marrow disease, a familial blood transfusion can trigger the production of 6798: 4555:

Ranasinghe E, Harrison JF (Jun 2000). "Bruising following blood donation, its management and the response and subsequent return rates of affected donors".

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The limited storage time means that it is difficult to have a stockpile of blood to prepare for a disaster. The subject was discussed at length after the

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A.F. Eder; C.D. Hillyer; B.A. Dy; E.P. Notari; R.J. Benjamin (May 2008). "Adverse reactions to allogeneic whole blood donation by 16- and 17-year-olds".

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much more frequently than they can safely donate whole blood. These can be combined, with a donor giving both plasma and platelets in the same donation.

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Drake AW. "Public Attitudes and Decision Processes With Regard to Blood Donation: Final Report and Executive Summary". Cambridge, Mass: MIT; 1978:1–189.

5474: 2952: 1935: 345:. This blood is sometimes treated as a blood donation, but may be immediately discarded if it cannot be used for transfusion or further manufacturing. 4323: 2981: 1442:

levels in a clinical trial and showed that regular blood or plasma donations resulted in a significant reduction in PFAS levels for the participants.

6448: 3661: 578:, but between genetically related family members, there are additional risks. The donated blood must be irradiated to prevent a potentially deadly 2362: 1066:

can also be separated from whole blood, but they must be pooled from multiple donations. From three to ten units of whole blood are required for a

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Donors are screened for health risks that could make the donation unsafe for the recipient. Some of these restrictions are controversial, such as

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R. Miller; P.E. Hewitt; R. Warwick; M.C. Moore; B. Vincent (1998). "Review of counselling in a transfusion service: the London (UK) experience".

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The actual process varies according to the laws of the country, and recommendations to donors vary according to the collecting organization. The

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Blood testing in the US takes at least 48 hours. Because of the time required for testing, directed donations are not practical in emergencies.

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Eder AF, Hillyer CD, Dy BA, Notari EP, Benjamin RJ (May 2008). "Adverse reactions to allogeneic whole blood donation by 16- and 17-year-olds".

2493: 2720: 1239:. In most cases, the equipment that comes in direct contact with blood is discarded after use. Re-used equipment was a significant problem in 556: 6793: 3850: 3592: 2142: 5543: 4167: 2921: 1541:

Most allogeneic blood donors donate as an act of charity and do not expect to receive any direct benefit from the donation. The sociologist

6819: 6057: 5662: 4728: 3940: 3305: 990:. This combination keeps the blood from clotting and preserves it during storage up to 42 days. Other chemicals are sometimes added during 323: 920:

to prevent skin bacteria from contaminating the collected blood and also to prevent infections where the needle pierced the donor's skin.

413: 5613: 5239: 6426: 1439: 6553: 2201: 391: 6488: 5544:"The United States' potential blood donor pool: estimating the prevalence of donor-exclusion factors on the pool of potential donors" 4114:

Pottgiesser T, Specker W, Umhau M, Dickhuth HH, Roecker K, Schumacher YO (2008). "Recovery of hemoglobin mass after blood donation".

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A donor's arm at various stages of donation. The two photographs on the left show a blood pressure cuff being used as a tourniquet.

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must be determined if the blood will be used for transfusions. The collecting agency usually identifies whether the blood is type

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used to treat the wounded during World War II and variants on the process are still used to make a variety of other medications.

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While babesiosis is both preventable and treatable, until today, there was no way to screen for infections amongst blood donors

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Regular donors are often given some sort of non-monetary recognition. Time off from work is a common benefit. For example, in

555:. Screening may include questions about risk factors for various diseases, such as travel to countries at risk for malaria or 6179: 3432:

Sagi E, Eyal F, Armon Y, Arad I, Robinson M (Nov 1981). "Exchange transfusion in newborns via a peripheral artery and vein".

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are still paid for their donations. Donors are now paid between $ 25 and $ 50 per donation. In some countries, for example

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Sorensen, BS; Johnsen, SP; Jorgensen, J. (Feb 2008). "Complications related to blood donation: A population-based study".

4093: 1473: 1251: 875:, and doctors returning from treating wounded soldiers set up banks for stored blood when they returned to civilian life. 832: 360:

Blood donation campaigns are events that allow people to donate blood at schools, churches, and other community locations.

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There are two main methods of obtaining blood from a donor. The most frequent is to simply take the blood from a vein as

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Donated blood is tested by many methods, but the core tests recommended by the World Health Organization are these four:

6871: 6725: 6292: 4162: 1586: 1236: 692: 680:, is usually done before a transfusion. Type O negative is often cited as the "universal donor" but this only refers to 508: 97: 61: 39: 5439: 4354:

B. Newman; S. Graves (2001). "A study of 178 consecutive vasovagal syncopal reactions from the perspective of safety".

3898: 3500: 3247: 253: 6741: 6346:"The role of altruistic behavior, empathetic concern, and social responsibility motivation in blood donation behavior" 6154: 2978:"FDA approves first tests to screen for tickborne parasite in whole blood and plasma to protect the U.S. blood supply" 1513: 1505:, it is illegal to receive any compensation, monetary or otherwise, for the donation of blood or other human tissues. 35: 3075:

Kim, Daniel H.; Berkman, Emily; Clark, Jonna D.; Saifee, Nabiha H.; Diekema, Douglas S.; Lewis-Newby, Mithya (2023).

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The WHO reported in 2006 that 56 out of 124 countries surveyed did not use these basic tests on all blood donations.

6393: 6322: 5724:"Motivators and deterrents to blood donation among Black South Africans: a qualitative analysis of focus group data" 5638: 5517: 3164: 1633: 1158:

abdominal discomfort. The long-term effects of iron supplementation without measurement of iron stores are unknown.

847:, and it is often done with a machine specifically designed for this purpose. This process is especially common for 3218: 3026: 2588:

Goldman M, Fournier E, Cameron-Choi K, Steed T (May 2007). "Effect of changing the age criteria for blood donors".

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and the donor is directed to keep the bandage on for several hours. In hot climates, donors are advised to avoid

767:. Sometimes multiple tests are used for a single disease to cover the limitations of each test. For example, the 712: 579: 512: 402: 349: 314: 141: 6758: 2744: 2061: 6768: 4664: 2332: 2036: 1371:(WHO) recognizes World Blood Donor Day on 14 June each year to promote blood donation. This is the birthday of 543:

Donors are examined for signs and symptoms of diseases that can be transmitted in a blood transfusion, such as

221:, developing improved techniques for blood storage, and applied his expert knowledge to developing large-scale 5280:"Toward a More Stable Blood Supply: Charitable Incentives, Donation Rates, and the Experience of September 11" 3077:"Parental Refusals of Blood Transfusions from COVID-19 Vaccinated Donors for Children Needing Cardiac Surgery" 385:

for the process, and meet a certain criteria such as weight and hemoglobin levels, and this requirement means

356: 144:). Donating is relatively safe, but some donors have bruising where the needle is inserted or may feel faint. 6916: 3685:

Akerblom O, Kreuger A (1975). "Studies on citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) blood supplemented with adenine".

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Wales PW, Lau W, Kim PC (May 2001). "Directed blood donation in pediatric general surgery: Is it worth it?".

7086: 7065: 7016: 6996: 6643: 5478: 4465:

Berg, P; Heiden, M; Müller, S; Meyer, B; Witzenhausen, C; Ruppert-Seipp, G; Kehr, S; Funk, MB (2024-06-18).

4190:"Oral or parenteral iron supplementation to reduce deferral, iron deficiency and/or anaemia in blood donors" 2956: 1384: 1035: 599: 587: 132:

regarding the demand for blood, increased confidence in oneself, helping a personal friend or relative, and

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Atsma, F.; de Vegt, F. (Sep 2011). "The healthy donor effect: a matter of selection bias and confounding".

4330: 2977: 1091:

Apheresis is also used to collect more red blood cells than usual in a single donation (commonly known as "

699:

and no actual diagnosis is made. Some of the test results are later found to be false positives using more

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in the 1990s, and up to 250,000 blood plasma donors may have been exposed to HIV from shared equipment.

947:

and speed up the process. The donor may also be prompted to hold an object and squeeze it repeatedly to

768: 669: 652: 184:, and maintaining a constant supply is a persistent problem. This has led to some increased interest in 4508:"Blood Donation-Related Adverse Reactions: Results of an Online Survey among Donors in Germany (2018)" 4065: 827:, since most recipients (other than trauma patients) need only a specific component for transfusions. 6991: 6906: 6896: 6778: 6720: 6599: 6573: 6508: 5135:"Attitudes toward blood donation incentives in the United States: implications for donor recruitment" 2443: 1355: 1229: 948: 708: 591: 575: 206: 160: 4506:

Orru’, S; Poetzsch, K; Hoffelner, M; Heiden, M; Funk, MB; Keller-Stanislawski, B; Oberle, D (2021).

795: 7091: 6976: 6966: 6616: 2727: 2146: 1753:"Autologous (self-donated) Blood as an Alternative to Allogeneic (donor-donated) Blood Transfusion" 1531: 1466: 1428: 1315: 1255:

Whole blood is often separated, using a centrifuge, into components for storage and transportation.

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Blood is something we all expect to be there for us when we need it, yet only 4% of us give blood.

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are returned. If this is done manually and the donor receives the blood from a different donor, a

56: 7006: 6375: 5911: 5819: 5574: 5421: 5315: 5220: 5162: 5029: 4955: 4886: 4778: 4729:"Jerome H. Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences Volunteer Research Blood Program (RBP)" 4710: 4656: 4580: 4447: 4379: 4305: 4227: 4157: 4139: 3998: 3710: 3563: 3457: 3375: 3022: 2928: 2874: 2613: 2252: 1738:

T. Brown "Strengthening Blood Systems In Africa: Progress Under PEPFAR and Remaining Challenges"

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in the donation of blood, as it lacked scientific foundation, and resigned his position with the

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are rare, but donors are discouraged from using blood donation for the purpose of anonymous STD

266: 2143:"Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Perspectives of Public Health, Medical Genetics, and Primary Care" 1839:

Weaver, Meaghann S.; Yee, Marianne E. M.; Lawrence, Courtney E.; Fasano, Ross M. (2023-04-01).

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Cohen J (Jun 2004). "HIV/AIDS in China. An unsafe practice turned blood donors into victims".

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or a filter, store the desired part, and return the rest to the donor. This process is called

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A mechanical tray agitates the bag to mix the blood with anticoagulants and prevent clotting.

6763: 6710: 6676: 6650: 6516: 6456: 6418: 6357: 5952: 5942: 5895: 5858: 5850: 5801: 5751: 5735: 5693: 5558: 5397: 5346: 5291: 5196: 5146: 5011: 4947: 4870: 4762: 4694: 4640: 4564: 4527: 4519: 4478: 4431: 4363: 4289: 4254: 4209: 4201: 4123: 4032: 3814: 3798: 3757: 3741: 3694: 3657: 3547: 3441: 3406: 3359: 3088: 2858: 2792: 2782: 2597: 2533: 2197: 1868: 1852: 1710: 1581: 1372: 1135: 1067: 1057: 1030: 901: 852: 636: 583: 382: 234: 214: 3475: 1102: 954: 7050: 6864: 6631: 6626: 3915: 3902: 3192: 1601: 1542: 1142: 780: 760: 739: 681: 559:(vCJD). These questions vary from country to country. For example, while blood centers in 552: 395: 288:

Blood donations are divided into groups based on who will receive the collected blood. An

185: 156: 152: 133: 124: 45: 31: 5682:"Blood donor development: Effects of personality, motivational and situational variables" 4002: 1478: 6512: 6070:

L. Fusco "From Latin America to Asia, Rising Above Difficulties, Achieving New Heights"

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often participate in the collection process as well as the procedures that follow it.

30:"Give blood", "Blood donor", and "Blood drive" redirect here. For the TV episode, see 7080: 6921: 6714: 6581: 6362: 6345: 5899: 5697: 5562: 5200: 5150: 5016: 4999: 4766: 4698: 4568: 4435: 4293: 4231: 4127: 3973: 3551: 3410: 3379: 3363: 3326: 2695: 2664: 2601: 1494: 1405: 1096: 1081: 917: 386: 270: 137: 6379: 5989:"Here's another reason to donate blood: it reduces 'forever chemicals' in your body" 5915: 5823: 5578: 5425: 5319: 5224: 5166: 5033: 4959: 4890: 4782: 4714: 4660: 4629:"Comprehensive analysis of citrate effects during plateletpheresis in normal donors" 4584: 4383: 4143: 3567: 3461: 2878: 2617: 2468: 6970: 6611: 4910: 4205: 3714: 1218: 1151: 1006: 998: 868: 824: 685: 595: 529: 334: 226: 6247: 6183: 5681: 5279: 4874: 4451: 4309: 2537: 128: 109: 5334: 5295: 4815: 4799: 2118:"Variances for Blood Collection from Individuals with Hereditary Hemochromatosis" 6926: 6753: 6589: 5350: 5079: 3268: 2363:"FDA policy allowing more gay and bisexual men to donate blood goes into effect" 1424: 1178: 1121: 991: 968: 816: 772: 729: 722: 537: 533: 517: 485: – Female sex partners of men who have sex with men may not donate blood; 258: 189: 105: 69: 6115: 4089: 6854: 6666: 6029: 5078:. Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des produits de santé. Archived from 2121: 1570: 1432: 1265: 1194: 1155: 940: 909: 908:

on the inside of the elbow. The skin over the blood vessel is cleaned with an

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For direct transfusions a vein can be used but the blood may be taken from an

840: 764: 677: 673: 661: 620: 616: 525: 297: 222: 201: 181: 117: 6455:(5). Revue française de sociologie 5/2003 (Volume 44), pp. 147–162: 147–162. 5854: 5747: 5705: 5409: 5401: 5358: 5303: 5208: 4258: 4059:"Report on the promotion by Member States of voluntary unpaid blood donation" 4036: 3810: 3753: 3100: 3092: 2787: 2279:"HIV charities welcome the lifting of lifetime ban on gay men donating blood" 1864: 1856: 1387:

reports blood donation levels at "only 4%" while in Canada the rate is 3.5%.

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The final risk to blood donors is from equipment that has not been properly

1210: 1063: 1040: 1018: 979: 936: 872: 844: 521: 476: – Female sex partners of men who have sex with men may donate blood; 467: – Female sex partners of men who have sex with men may donate blood; 461:

Blood donation policies for female sex partners of men who have sex with men

113: 65: 50: 17: 6528: 6371: 6158: 5966: 5907: 5815: 5765: 5570: 5417: 5366: 5311: 5216: 5158: 5025: 4882: 4774: 4706: 4652: 4627:

Bolan CD, Greer SE, Cecco SA, Oblitas JM, Rehak NN, Leitman SF (Sep 2001).

4576: 4541: 4492: 4443: 4375: 4301: 4266: 4223: 4135: 4044: 3828: 3771: 3559: 3418: 3394: 3371: 3108: 3076: 2806: 2609: 2545: 1882: 1722: 1527: 896:

Insertion of a butterfly needle into a vein to begin the blood draw process

520:(birth defect-causing) medications are deferred. These medications include 401:

The donor's race or ethnic background is sometimes important since certain

5872: 3453: 2870: 2400: 1960: 1124:(strenuous exercise and games, alcohol) until a few hours after donation. 1001:

or it can also be processed into other medications using a process called

76: 6686: 6594: 6493: 6460: 6397: 3706: 3501:"ISBT Quarterly Newsletter, June 2006, "A History of Fresh Blood", p. 15" 1621: 1522: 1486: 1276: 1198: 1186: 1147: 983: 745: 398:. It is a genetic disorder that does not affect the safety of the blood. 4600:"Standard for Surveillance of Complications Related to Blood D Donation" 3250:(Report). Official Journal of the European Union. 2004-03-22. p. 14 7045: 7011: 5634: 5440:"Maintaining an Adequate Blood Supply Is Key to Emergency Preparedness" 3445: 1214: 1117: 1070:. Plateletpheresis provides at least one full dose from each donation. 987: 779:

test in addition to the basic antibody test to detect infected donors.

623:

level is tested to make sure that the loss of blood will not make them

548: 210: 6396:. National University of Taipei social work department. Archived from 6157:. American Red Cross Connecticut Blood Services Region. Archived from 5739: 5722:

Muthivhi, Tshilidzi; Olmsted, M.; Park, H.; Sha, Mandy (August 2015).

5492: 4523: 4483: 4466: 3802: 3745: 1534:

offers theatregoers standing discounts on theatre tickets. During the

839:

The other method is to draw blood from the donor, separate it using a

188:, whereby a patient's blood is salvaged during surgery for continuous 140:

from work. People can also have blood drawn for their own future use (

6956: 6141:"Dwa dni wolnego od pracy dla honorowego dawcy na stałe w przepisach" 5931:"Back to past leeches: repeated phlebotomies and cardiovascular risk" 2225:. National Center For Science Education (United States). 2015-08-05. 1498: 913: 863: 771:

will not detect a recently infected donor, so some blood banks use a

624: 568: 564: 6449:"Gifts of Blood and Organs: the Market and "Fictitious" Commodities" 5000:"Effects of rejuvenation and frozen storage on 42-day-old AS-3 RBCs" 4998:

Lockwood WB, Hudgens RW, Szymanski IO, Teno RA, Gray AD (Nov 2003).

4628: 4598:

Working Group on Complications Related to Blood Donation JF (2008).

4188:

Smith GA, Fisher SA, Doree C, Di Angelantonio E, Roberts DJ (2014).

3048:"Red blood cell transfusions in newborn infants: Revised guidelines" 2040: 7035: 7021: 7001: 3587:(fourth ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 30. 1509: 1472: 1460: 1449: 1250: 1240: 1169: 1101: 1034: 953: 882: 794: 651: 628: 455: 412: 355: 282: 252: 89: 75: 68:, secluded office for pre-donation blood pressure measurement and 55: 44: 3327:献血者血液検査結果の集計 / Hematologic and Biochemical Values in Blood Donors 7030: 6901: 6876: 6533:(subtitle) There's more to blood banking than just bagging blood 6289:"Blood drive in Huntsville offering free COVID-19 antibody test" 6085:"Guidelines for Implementation of Employee Blood Donation Leave" 3846: 3785:

Simon, Ernest R.; Chapman, Robert G.; Finch, Clement A. (1962).

3018: 2824: 2329:"The rules on blood donation in England change on 28th November" 1785: 1756: 656:

A patient's health screening report given after a blood donation

274: 6542: 5048:"Transfusion handbook, Summary information for Red Blood Cells" 80:

A patient donating blood at a Blood Bank in Córdoba, Argentina

6344:

Steele WR; Schreiber GB; Guiltinan A; et al. (Jan 2008).

6025: 3730:"The Mechanism of Action of Adenine in Red Cell Preservation*" 1431:, low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio, and 1415:

Research published in 2012 demonstrated that in patients with

1286: 735: 544: 504: 148: 6116:"Legge 21 ottobre 2005, n. 219 (Law 21 October 2005, n. 219)" 5837:

Tuomainen TP, Salonen R, Nyyssönen K, Salonen JT (Mar 1997).

3012:"Circular of Information for use of Blood and Blood Products" 2769:

Bhattacharya P; Chandra PK; Datta S; et al. (Jul 2007).

1302:

deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

5185:"How do I manage a blood shortage in a transfusion service?" 5790:"Hemochromatosis, iron, and blood donation: a short review" 5104:"American Red Cross Issues Emergency Need for Blood Donors" 5073:"Transfusion of Fresh Frozen Plasma, products, indications" 3843:"Plasma Equipment and Packaging, and Transfusion Equipment" 64:, Switzerland. From left to right: Two cell separators for 3006: 3004: 3002: 943:

is sometimes wrapped around the upper arm to increase the

27:

Blood withdrawal for use by another person via transfusion

4974:"Transfusion Handbook, summary information for Platelets" 2169:"Donors' Races to Be Sought To Identify Rare Blood Types" 442: – Men who have sex with men may not donate blood; 5475:"Current status of America's Blood Centers blood supply" 4064:. Commission of the European Communities. Archived from 2223:"How Science Students Helped End Segregated Blood Banks" 1577:

Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men

1547:

The Gift Relationship: From Human Blood to Social Policy

819:. This blood is typically separated into parts, usually 296:) donation is when a donor gives blood for storage at a 229:. This allowed medics to save thousands of lives of the 5929:

Manco, Melania; Fernandez-Real, Josè (1 January 2012).

1311: 329:

Blood is sometimes collected using similar methods for

6315:"Red Cross calls on donors to refuel the blood supply" 4324:"Adverse Effect of Blood Donation, Siriraj Experience" 2465:"Permanent exclusion criteria / Dyskwalifikacja stała" 2145:. CDC Office of Public Health Genomics. Archived from 1106:

A relatively large needle is used for blood donations.

715:. The donor is generally notified of the test result. 4158:"Blood Products Advisory Committee, 12 December 2003" 3332:(Report). Japanese Red Cross Society. 2017. p. 5 433: – Men who have sex with men may donate blood; 424: – Men who have sex with men may donate blood; 418:

Blood donation policies for men who have sex with men

313:

later date, usually after surgery, that is called an

237:

in the field, Drew protested against the practice of

72:, and on the right, chairs for whole blood donations. 6264:. Queens Chronicle. 25 February 2021. Archived from 6155:"Incentives program for blood donors and organizers" 6090:. New York State Department of Labor. Archived from 5680:

Edwards, Patrick W.; Zeichner, Amos (January 1985).

5178: 5176: 3613:

One major manufacturer of collection sets uses a 16

2953:"Precautionary West Nile virus blood sample testing" 1909:. Australian Red Cross Blood Service. Archived from 501:

restricting donations from men who have sex with men

6845: 6777: 6734: 6695: 6659: 6580: 3050:. Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS). Archived from 2248:"Drug Agency Reaffirms Ban on Gay Men Giving Blood" 1419:, repeated blood donation is effective in reducing 939:red blood cells as they flow through the needle. A 676:to less common antigens. More testing, including a 691:Most blood is tested for diseases, including some 4814:. Irish Blood Transfusion Service. Archived from 3874:. Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation. Archived from 2417:. US Food and Drug Administration. Archived from 2281:. National Aids Trust. 2011-09-08. Archived from 2120:. US Food and Drug Administration. Archived from 1734: 1732: 1412:because donors are screened for health problems. 1181:reactions can occur because of a rapid change in 6804:Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease 5604: 5602: 4001:(Greater Chesapeake and Potomac). Archived from 3130: 3128: 1193:The process has similar risks to other forms of 997:The plasma from whole blood can be used to make 6499:Harrison E (Nov 2007). "Blood cells for sale". 3905:UK National Blood Service. Retrieved 2009-10-26 3533: 3531: 2821:"Testing of Donor Blood for infectious disease" 2200:. Public Broadcasting Service (United States). 1438:A study published in JAMA Network Open tracked 1205:Donors sometimes have adverse reactions to the 3916:"Indications for Platelet Transfusion Therapy" 3304:. Health Sciences Authority. 31 October 2018. 6554: 5542:Riley W, Schwei M, McCullough J (July 2007). 4906:"Contaminated blood whistleblower dies in US" 4798:, Richard G. Marlink, Alison G. Kotin, p. 16 1300:The examples and perspective in this section 155:. The donor must also answer questions about 8: 6489:Deferred Donors: Anemia & Blood Donation 2006: 2004: 2002: 337:, which is used to treat conditions such as 172:donations and twice per seven-day period in 6799:Transfusion associated circulatory overload 6494:British guidelines for transfusion medicine 2922:"Advisory Committee on MSBTO, 28 June 2005" 2467:(in Polish). RCKiK Warszawa. Archived from 2014:. World Health Organization. Archived from 6809:Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction 6682:International Society of Blood Transfusion 6561: 6547: 6539: 6419:Catherine Waldby, The University of Sydney 4837:"Keeping China's blood supply free of HIV" 3728:Sugita, Yoshiki; Simon, Ernest R. (1965). 3584:Clinical Hematology: Theory and Procedures 3508:International Society of Blood Transfusion 3219:"How Much Blood Is Taken When You Donate?" 1318:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 1202:thrombophlebitis, and allergic reactions. 503:(MSM) because of the risk of transmitting 245:, which maintained the policy until 1950. 6361: 5956: 5946: 5862: 5805: 5755: 5477:. America's Blood Centers. Archived from 5015: 4531: 4482: 4213: 3818: 3761: 2796: 2786: 1934:. Canadian Blood Services. Archived from 1872: 1334:Learn how and when to remove this message 5335:"Blood and Disaster – Supply and Demand" 5050:. National Blood Transfusion Committee. 4976:. National Blood Transfusion Committee. 4796:Global AIDS Crisis: A Reference Handbook 1390: 806: 3918:. Southeastern Community Blood Center. 3187: 3185: 2661:"Donating – Frequently Asked Questions" 2560:"Iron Information for All Blood Donors" 1841:"Requests for Directed Blood Donations" 1613: 5717: 5715: 5686:Personality and Individual Differences 5382: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5273: 5271: 5269: 4918:from the original on 26 September 2019 3275:. National Blood Transfusion Council. 2663:. Blood Bank of Alaska. Archived from 2067:. Australian Red Cross Blood Service. 1636:from the original on 17 September 2024 945:pressure of the blood in the arm veins 381:Donors are typically required to give 112:, or of specific components directly ( 6794:Transfusion related acute lung injury 5995:. Guardian News & Media Limited. 4839:. US Embassy, Beijing. Archived from 3872:"Medicines derived from human plasma" 3070: 3068: 2955:. Héma-Québec, Canada. Archived from 2442:. Héma-Québec, Canada. Archived from 2357: 2355: 2353: 1957:"Tips for a Good Donation Experience" 1834: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1826: 333:, similar to the ancient practice of 88:occurs when a person voluntarily has 7: 5240:"Blood Shortages Become More Common" 4731:. American Red Cross. Archived from 4512:Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy 4329:. American Red Cross. Archived from 4170:from the original on 8 November 2008 2980:(Press release). FDA. 6 March 2018. 2726:. American Red Cross. Archived from 2039:. American Red Cross. Archived from 1959:. American Red Cross. Archived from 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1074:hours to collect a single donation. 900:The blood is drawn from a large arm 324:Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia 5254:from the original on April 15, 2021 5238:Hensley, Scott (October 25, 1999). 4904:Busby, Mattha (26 September 2019). 4645:10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41091165.x 4400:. US Food and Drug Administration. 4368:10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41121475.x 3943:. The American National Red Cross. 3620:"Blood banking laboratory supplies" 2306:. US Food and Drug Administration. 2198:"Red Gold, Innovators and Pioneers" 2095:. US Food and Drug Administration. 2093:"FDA regulations on donor deferral" 1907:"Giving Blood -> What to Expect" 1457:awards for 50, 25 and 100 donations 1375:, the scientist who discovered the 1111:Recovery and time between donations 217:. His research was in the field of 6521:10.1038/scientificamerican1107-108 6225:[Blood Donor Privileges]. 6122:from the original on 27 April 2009 5807:10.21307/immunohematology-2019-628 4952:10.1111/j.1365-3148.2006.00694_4.x 3787:"Adenine in red cell preservation" 3699:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1975.tb00484.x 3273:National AIDS Control Organisation 2863:10.1046/j.1423-0410.1998.7430133.x 2490:"Guidelines for UK Blood Services" 1391:Donator's incentive and deterrence 1174:Bruising three days after donation 879:Site preparation and drawing blood 756:transfusion transmitted infections 684:and whole blood transfusions. For 586:is a particular risk for directed 392:Australian Red Cross Blood Service 25: 6837:Transfusion transmitted infection 6262:"Donate blood, get antibody test" 5284:The American Journal of Bioethics 4812:"Blood Donor Information Leaflet" 3791:Journal of Clinical Investigation 3734:Journal of Clinical Investigation 3171:. 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Public Broadcasting Service. 3308:from the original on 2023-02-18 3279:from the original on 2023-02-18 3248:Commission Directive 2004/33/EC 3229:from the original on 2023-02-18 3199:from the original on 2008-12-04 3146:from the original on 2023-02-18 2903:from the original on 2020-04-24 2893:"Blood safety and availability" 2751:from the original on 2018-07-22 2702:from the original on 2008-05-29 2642:from the original on 2020-10-16 2570:from the original on 2020-10-16 2496:from the original on 2008-05-15 2339:from the original on 2019-10-15 2310:from the original on 2016-03-30 2260:from the original on 2013-05-24 2229:from the original on 2017-11-07 2204:from the original on 2008-05-17 2179:from the original on 2009-03-03 2099:from the original on 2008-05-14 2074:from the original on 2008-06-25 1988:from the original on 2008-06-29 1982:"WHO Blood Safety and Donation" 1592:List of blood donation agencies 1518:Irish Blood Transfusion Service 1217:in the donor's blood and cause 5788:Fields AC, Grindon AJ (2020). 4206:10.1002/14651858.CD009532.pub2 3081:Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 2440:"Donor Qualification criteria" 2415:"Avodart consumer information" 2387:Heim MU, Mempel W (1991). "". 2167:Severo, Richard (1990-01-13). 1654:M. E. Brecher, Editor (2005), 1116:needle site is covered with a 1080:is frequently used to collect 233:forces. As the most prominent 1: 6453:Revue Française de Sociologie 6287:Dunbar, Erin (1 March 2021). 6248:"Ceny I Zasady Kupna Biletów" 6223:"Keistimewaan Penderma Darah" 5520:. World Health Organization. 5495:. World Health Organization. 5278:Sass, Reuben G. (June 2013). 5183:McCarthy, Leo J. (May 2007). 4875:10.1126/science.304.5676.1438 3845:. Office of Medical History ( 3625:. Genesis BPS. Archived from 2538:10.1016/j.transci.2007.01.010 1984:. World Health Organization. 1679:. Mayo Clinic. Archived from 1224:In apheresis procedures, the 1039:Platelets collected by using 754:A variety of other tests for 60:Blood donation center at the 6726:Intraoperative blood salvage 5698:10.1016/0191-8869(85)90085-6 5296:10.1080/15265161.2013.781703 4398:"Fatalities Reported to FDA" 4163:Food and Drug Administration 2012:"World Blood Donor Day 2006" 1587:James Harrison (blood donor) 1477:Monument to blood donors in 1260:Storage and blood shelf life 602:proteins, which can cause a 509:Food and Drug Administration 209:(1904–1950) was an American 168:but only seven days between 98:biopharmaceutical medication 62:University Hospital of Basel 40:Blood drive (disambiguation) 6742:Blood compatibility testing 6423:"The logistics of altruism" 5612:. America's Blood Centers. 5351:10.1056/nejm200202213460813 3510:(ISBT/SITS). Archived from 3395:"Volunteer donor apheresis" 3136:"Why Should I Donate Blood" 1573:(history of blood donation) 1514:Singapore Red Cross Society 1314:, discuss the issue on the 935:forces that may physically 304:to an unknown recipient. A 36:Give blood (disambiguation) 7113: 6198:"Are you one of the 1.2m?" 4194:Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4092:. Community Blood Center. 3217:Eberts, Dan (2021-08-17). 2632:"Eligibility Requirements" 2037:"Sponsoring a Blood Drive" 1469:for 75 voluntary donations 1263: 1247:Storage, supply and demand 1016: 966: 833:People's Republic of China 339:hereditary hemochromatosis 199: 29: 6789:Transfusion hemosiderosis 6447:Philippe Steiner (2003). 6291:. WHNT 19. Archived from 5663:"Canadian Blood Services" 3966:"Double Up to Save Lives" 3298:"Blood facts and figures" 1932:"The Donation Experience" 1369:World Health Organization 1097:collect white blood cells 871:because of problems with 580:graft-versus-host disease 350:World Health Organization 202:Blood bank § History 6769:Monocyte monolayer assay 6054:"Donate Blood For Money" 5855:10.1136/bmj.314.7083.793 5402:10.1001/jama.289.17.2246 4259:10.1001/jama.299.19.2279 4037:10.1001/jama.299.19.2279 3093:10.1353/nib.2023.a924193 2788:10.3748/wjg.v13.i27.3730 2745:"Right Type, Right Time" 2333:NHS Blood and Transplant 1857:10.1542/peds.2022-058183 257:A blood collection bus ( 6644:Granulocyte transfusion 6180:"Red Cross Honour Roll" 5948:10.1186/1741-7015-10-53 5493:"World Blood Donor Day" 3995:"Double the Difference" 3302:Government of Singapore 3027:America's Blood Centers 2062:"Parental consent form" 1715:10.1053/jpsu.2001.22945 999:plasma for transfusions 949:increase the blood flow 6118:. Italian Parliament. 3581:M. L. Turgeon (2004). 2775:World J. Gastroenterol 1481: 1470: 1458: 1377:ABO blood group system 1256: 1175: 1107: 1048: 959: 931:) is used to minimize 902:vein close to the skin 897: 812: 804: 657: 604:bone marrow transplant 496: 453: 361: 331:therapeutic phlebotomy 285: 100:s by a process called 81: 73: 53: 34:. For other uses, see 6779:Transfusion reactions 6019:"Blood Plasma Safety" 3970:United Blood Services 2636:www.redcrossblood.org 2564:www.redcrossblood.org 1656:AABB Technical Manual 1597:World Blood Donor Day 1476: 1464: 1453: 1404:In patients prone to 1400:Donor health benefits 1254: 1173: 1105: 1038: 967:Further information: 957: 895: 810: 803:sailor donating blood 798: 695:. The tests used are 655: 588:granulocyte donations 459: 416: 359: 256: 166:whole-blood donations 79: 59: 48: 7097:Transfusion medicine 6759:Kleihauer–Betke test 6721:Exchange transfusion 6600:Platelet transfusion 6574:transfusion medicine 6461:10.3917/rfs.445.0147 5728:Transfusion Medicine 4940:Transfusion Medicine 4609:: 11. Archived from 3651:"What is Hemolysis?" 2526:Transfus. Apher. Sci 1465:Ruby award from the 1356:September 11 attacks 1312:improve this section 1230:transfusion reaction 1143:Iron supplementation 713:autologous donations 672:and will screen for 592:bloodborne pathogens 576:transfusion reaction 207:Charles Richard Drew 161:physical examination 6847:Blood group systems 6782:and adverse effects 6617:Fresh frozen plasma 6513:2007SciAm.297e.108H 6268:on 26 February 2021 6200:. 5 February 2004. 6074:. April 1998: p. 30 5610:"Facts About Blood" 4869:(5676): 1438–1439. 3941:"Platelet Donation" 3476:"Blood on the Hoof" 2721:"Plasma fact sheet" 2389:Beitr Infusionsther 1742:. April 1998: p. 30 1677:"Directed Donation" 1545:, in his 1970 book 1467:Singapore Red Cross 1023:Erythrocytapheresis 906:median cubital vein 791:Obtaining the blood 744:Serologic test for 642:erythrocytapheresis 370:blood donor session 316:autologous donation 142:autologous donation 92:drawn and used for 3999:American Red Cross 3901:2009-10-11 at the 3896:Component Donation 3446:10.1007/BF00443258 3393:Waxman DA (2002). 3269:"Donation Process" 2471:on August 30, 2009 2253:The New York Times 2173:The New York Times 1851:(4): e2022058183. 1782:"Recovered Plasma" 1630:American Red Cross 1571:Blood bank#History 1482: 1471: 1459: 1446:Donor compensation 1417:metabolic syndrome 1257: 1176: 1108: 1049: 1045:American Red Cross 960: 951:through the vein. 898: 813: 805: 658: 497: 487:Permanent deferral 478:Temporary deferral 454: 444:Permanent deferral 435:Temporary deferral 362: 286: 263:Japanese Red Cross 243:American Red Cross 239:racial segregation 219:blood transfusions 215:medical researcher 170:platelet apheresis 82: 74: 54: 7074: 7073: 6651:Blood substitutes 6639:White blood cells 6570:Blood transfusion 6394:"Richard Titmuss" 6143:. 11 August 2023. 5849:(7083): 793–794. 5740:10.1111/tme.12218 5396:(17): 2246–2253. 5244:Modern Healthcare 5010:(11): 1527–1532. 4524:10.1159/000516049 4484:10.1111/vox.13694 4362:(12): 1475–1479. 4253:(19): 2279–2286. 4031:(19): 2279–2286. 3803:10.1172/JCI104489 3746:10.1172/JCI105176 3594:978-0-7817-5007-3 3358:(12): 2686–2694. 2781:(27): 3730–3733. 2696:"Blood Type Test" 1536:COVID-19 pandemic 1344: 1343: 1336: 1099:for transfusion. 1086:concurrent plasma 893: 769:HIV antibody test 343:polycythemia vera 310:replacement donor 249:Types of donation 159:and take a short 96:and/or made into 16:(Redirected from 7104: 6764:Antibody elution 6711:plateletpheresis 6677:Blood management 6660:General concepts 6563: 6556: 6549: 6540: 6535: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6472: 6444: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6434: 6415: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6405: 6390: 6384: 6383: 6365: 6341: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6330: 6325:on 26 March 2021 6311: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6284: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6258: 6252: 6251: 6244: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6234: 6219: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6209: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6182:. Archived from 6176: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6166: 6151: 6145: 6144: 6137: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6127: 6112: 6106: 6105: 6103: 6102: 6096: 6089: 6081: 6075: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6050: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6040: 6034: 6028:. Archived from 6023: 6015: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6004: 5984: 5978: 5977: 5976: 5970: 5960: 5950: 5926: 5920: 5919: 5894:(9): 1883–1885. 5883: 5877: 5876: 5866: 5834: 5828: 5827: 5809: 5794:Immunohematology 5785: 5779: 5776: 5770: 5769: 5759: 5719: 5710: 5709: 5677: 5671: 5670: 5659: 5653: 5652: 5647: 5646: 5631: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5621: 5606: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5593: 5587: 5581:. Archived from 5557:(7): 1180–1188. 5548: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5529: 5514: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5504: 5489: 5483: 5482: 5471: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5461: 5455: 5449:. Archived from 5444: 5436: 5430: 5429: 5384: 5371: 5370: 5330: 5324: 5323: 5275: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5180: 5171: 5170: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5119: 5108:www.redcross.org 5100: 5094: 5093: 5091: 5090: 5084: 5077: 5069: 5063: 5062: 5060: 5059: 5044: 5038: 5037: 5019: 4995: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4985: 4970: 4964: 4963: 4934: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4901: 4895: 4894: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4848: 4833: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4823: 4808: 4802: 4793: 4787: 4786: 4761:(6): 1002–1005. 4750: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4740: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4682: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4672: 4639:(9): 1165–1171. 4624: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4604: 4595: 4589: 4588: 4552: 4546: 4545: 4535: 4503: 4497: 4496: 4486: 4462: 4456: 4455: 4430:(9): 1799–1808. 4419: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4409: 4394: 4388: 4387: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4341: 4335: 4328: 4320: 4314: 4313: 4288:(6): 1213–1219. 4277: 4271: 4270: 4242: 4236: 4235: 4217: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4175: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4122:(7): 1390–1397. 4111: 4105: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4076: 4070: 4063: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4020: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4010: 3991: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3981: 3972:. Archived from 3962: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3952: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3927: 3912: 3906: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3883: 3868: 3862: 3861: 3859: 3858: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3822: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3765: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3682: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3672: 3666: 3658:Becton-Dickinson 3655: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3637: 3631: 3624: 3617:(1.651 mm) size 3611: 3605: 3604: 3602: 3601: 3578: 3572: 3571: 3535: 3526: 3525: 3523: 3522: 3516: 3505: 3497: 3491: 3490: 3488: 3487: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3347: 3341: 3340: 3338: 3337: 3331: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3313: 3294: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3284: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3255: 3244: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3234: 3214: 3208: 3207: 3205: 3204: 3189: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3176: 3161: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3151: 3132: 3123: 3119: 3113: 3112: 3072: 3063: 3062: 3060: 3059: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3029:. Archived from 3016: 3008: 2997: 2996: 2991: 2989: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2965: 2964: 2949: 2943: 2942: 2940: 2939: 2933: 2927:. 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Archived from 1778: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1768: 1759:. Archived from 1749: 1743: 1736: 1727: 1726: 1703:J. Pediatr. Surg 1698: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1688: 1673: 1667: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1618: 1582:Blood substitute 1373:Karl Landsteiner 1339: 1332: 1328: 1325: 1319: 1295: 1294: 1287: 1283:Demand for blood 1136:plateletpheresis 1068:therapeutic dose 1031:Plateletpheresis 894: 777:HIV nucleic acid 740:subtypes 1 and 2 701:specific testing 668:and the donor's 637:body temperature 584:Alloimmunization 563:and the rest of 494: – No Data 493: 484: 475: 466: 451: – No Data 450: 441: 432: 423: 409:Recipient safety 279:Hyōgo Prefecture 235:African American 21: 7112: 7111: 7107: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7101: 7077: 7076: 7075: 7070: 6865:Secretor status 6841: 6781: 6773: 6730: 6691: 6655: 6632:Cryosupernatant 6627:Cryoprecipitate 6607:Red blood cells 6576: 6567: 6498: 6485: 6483:Further reading 6480: 6479: 6470: 6468: 6446: 6445: 6441: 6432: 6430: 6417: 6416: 6412: 6403: 6401: 6392: 6391: 6387: 6343: 6342: 6338: 6328: 6326: 6313: 6312: 6308: 6298: 6296: 6295:on 1 March 2021 6286: 6285: 6281: 6271: 6269: 6260: 6259: 6255: 6246: 6245: 6241: 6232: 6230: 6221: 6220: 6216: 6207: 6205: 6196: 6195: 6191: 6178: 6177: 6173: 6164: 6162: 6153: 6152: 6148: 6139: 6138: 6134: 6125: 6123: 6114: 6113: 6109: 6100: 6098: 6094: 6087: 6083: 6082: 6078: 6069: 6065: 6052: 6051: 6047: 6038: 6036: 6032: 6021: 6017: 6016: 6012: 6002: 6000: 5986: 5985: 5981: 5971: 5928: 5927: 5923: 5885: 5884: 5880: 5836: 5835: 5831: 5787: 5786: 5782: 5777: 5773: 5721: 5720: 5713: 5679: 5678: 5674: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5644: 5642: 5633: 5632: 5628: 5619: 5617: 5608: 5607: 5600: 5591: 5589: 5585: 5546: 5541: 5540: 5536: 5527: 5525: 5516: 5515: 5511: 5502: 5500: 5491: 5490: 5486: 5473: 5472: 5468: 5459: 5457: 5453: 5442: 5438: 5437: 5433: 5386: 5385: 5374: 5332: 5331: 5327: 5277: 5276: 5267: 5257: 5255: 5237: 5236: 5232: 5182: 5181: 5174: 5131: 5130: 5126: 5117: 5115: 5102: 5101: 5097: 5088: 5086: 5082: 5075: 5071: 5070: 5066: 5057: 5055: 5046: 5045: 5041: 4997: 4996: 4992: 4983: 4981: 4972: 4971: 4967: 4936: 4935: 4931: 4921: 4919: 4903: 4902: 4898: 4860: 4859: 4855: 4846: 4844: 4835: 4834: 4830: 4821: 4819: 4810: 4809: 4805: 4794: 4790: 4752: 4751: 4747: 4738: 4736: 4727: 4726: 4722: 4684: 4683: 4679: 4670: 4668: 4626: 4625: 4621: 4613: 4602: 4597: 4596: 4592: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4505: 4504: 4500: 4464: 4463: 4459: 4421: 4420: 4416: 4407: 4405: 4396: 4395: 4391: 4353: 4352: 4348: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4326: 4322: 4321: 4317: 4279: 4278: 4274: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4200:(7): CD009532. 4187: 4186: 4182: 4173: 4171: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4113: 4112: 4108: 4099: 4097: 4088: 4087: 4083: 4074: 4072: 4068: 4061: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4022: 4021: 4017: 4008: 4006: 3993: 3992: 3988: 3979: 3977: 3964: 3963: 3959: 3950: 3948: 3939: 3938: 3934: 3925: 3923: 3914: 3913: 3909: 3903:Wayback Machine 3894: 3890: 3881: 3879: 3870: 3869: 3865: 3856: 3854: 3841: 3840: 3836: 3784: 3783: 3779: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3684: 3683: 3679: 3670: 3668: 3664: 3653: 3649: 3648: 3644: 3635: 3633: 3629: 3622: 3618: 3612: 3608: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3537: 3536: 3529: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3503: 3499: 3498: 3494: 3485: 3483: 3474: 3473: 3469: 3434:Eur. J. Pediatr 3431: 3430: 3426: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3349: 3348: 3344: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3324: 3320: 3311: 3309: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3282: 3280: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3253: 3251: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3232: 3230: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3202: 3200: 3195:. Mayo Clinic. 3191: 3190: 3183: 3174: 3172: 3163: 3162: 3158: 3149: 3147: 3134: 3133: 3126: 3120: 3116: 3074: 3073: 3066: 3057: 3055: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3033: 3014: 3010: 3009: 3000: 2987: 2985: 2976: 2975: 2971: 2962: 2960: 2951: 2950: 2946: 2937: 2935: 2931: 2924: 2920: 2919: 2915: 2906: 2904: 2891: 2890: 2886: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2834: 2832: 2819: 2818: 2814: 2768: 2767: 2763: 2754: 2752: 2743: 2742: 2738: 2730: 2723: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2705: 2703: 2694: 2693: 2689: 2683: 2679: 2670: 2668: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2645: 2643: 2630: 2629: 2625: 2587: 2586: 2582: 2573: 2571: 2558: 2557: 2553: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2512: 2508: 2499: 2497: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2474: 2472: 2463: 2462: 2458: 2449: 2447: 2438: 2437: 2433: 2424: 2422: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2386: 2385: 2381: 2372: 2370: 2361: 2360: 2351: 2342: 2340: 2327: 2326: 2322: 2313: 2311: 2302: 2301: 2297: 2288: 2286: 2277: 2276: 2272: 2263: 2261: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2232: 2230: 2221: 2220: 2216: 2207: 2205: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2182: 2180: 2166: 2165: 2161: 2152: 2150: 2141: 2140: 2136: 2127: 2125: 2116: 2115: 2111: 2102: 2100: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2064: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2046: 2044: 2035: 2034: 2030: 2021: 2019: 2010: 2009: 2000: 1991: 1989: 1980: 1979: 1975: 1966: 1964: 1955: 1954: 1950: 1941: 1939: 1930: 1929: 1925: 1916: 1914: 1905: 1904: 1900: 1894: 1890: 1838: 1837: 1804: 1795: 1793: 1780: 1779: 1775: 1766: 1764: 1751: 1750: 1746: 1737: 1730: 1700: 1699: 1695: 1686: 1684: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1653: 1649: 1639: 1637: 1620: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1602:Xenotransfusion 1567: 1543:Richard Titmuss 1448: 1402: 1393: 1365: 1363:Donation levels 1340: 1329: 1323: 1320: 1309: 1296: 1292: 1285: 1268: 1262: 1249: 1226:red blood cells 1164: 1113: 1047:donation center 1033: 1017:Main articles: 1015: 971: 965: 883: 881: 857:red blood cells 821:red blood cells 793: 781:Cytomegalovirus 761:West Nile fever 725:surface antigen 705:False negatives 650: 613: 553:viral hepatitis 495: 491: 489: 482: 480: 473: 471: 464: 452: 448: 446: 439: 437: 430: 428: 421: 411: 396:hemochromatosis 379: 267:Myōdani Station 251: 204: 198: 186:autotransfusion 157:medical history 153:viral hepatitis 134:social pressure 125:developed world 104:(separation of 49:Blood donation 43: 32:The Blood Donor 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7110: 7108: 7100: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7087:Blood donation 7079: 7078: 7072: 7071: 7069: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6868: 6867: 6857: 6851: 6849: 6843: 6842: 6840: 6839: 6834: 6832:Serum sickness 6829: 6828: 6827: 6822: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6785: 6783: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6750: 6749: 6747:Cross-matching 6738: 6736: 6732: 6731: 6729: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6707:plasmapheresis 6699: 6697: 6693: 6692: 6690: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6672:Blood donation 6669: 6663: 6661: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6653: 6648: 6647: 6646: 6636: 6635: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6609: 6604: 6603: 6602: 6592: 6586: 6584: 6582:Blood products 6578: 6577: 6568: 6566: 6565: 6558: 6551: 6543: 6537: 6536: 6507:(5): 108–109. 6496: 6491: 6484: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6439: 6410: 6385: 6336: 6306: 6279: 6253: 6239: 6214: 6189: 6186:on 2012-09-28. 6171: 6146: 6132: 6107: 6076: 6063: 6045: 6010: 5979: 5921: 5878: 5829: 5800:(3): 108–112. 5780: 5771: 5734:(4): 249–258. 5711: 5692:(6): 743–751. 5672: 5654: 5626: 5598: 5534: 5509: 5484: 5481:on 2009-02-01. 5466: 5431: 5372: 5345:(8): 617–620. 5325: 5265: 5230: 5195:(5): 760–762. 5172: 5124: 5095: 5064: 5039: 4990: 4965: 4929: 4896: 4853: 4828: 4803: 4788: 4745: 4720: 4693:(2): 132–137. 4677: 4619: 4616:on 2010-02-15. 4590: 4563:(2): 113–116. 4547: 4518:(5): 272–283. 4498: 4477:(9): 953–962. 4457: 4414: 4389: 4346: 4315: 4272: 4237: 4180: 4149: 4106: 4081: 4050: 4015: 3986: 3957: 3932: 3907: 3888: 3863: 3834: 3797:(2): 351–359. 3777: 3740:(4): 629–642. 3720: 3677: 3642: 3606: 3593: 3573: 3546:(3): 204–208. 3527: 3492: 3467: 3440:(3): 283–284. 3424: 3385: 3342: 3318: 3289: 3260: 3239: 3209: 3181: 3156: 3142:. 2022-06-06. 3124: 3114: 3087:(3): 215–226. 3064: 3039: 3036:on 2009-10-07. 2998: 2969: 2944: 2934:on 28 May 2008 2913: 2884: 2857:(3): 133–139. 2841: 2812: 2761: 2736: 2733:on 2009-03-26. 2712: 2687: 2677: 2652: 2623: 2596:(4): 368–372. 2580: 2551: 2532:(3): 235–242. 2516: 2506: 2481: 2456: 2431: 2421:on May 9, 2009 2406: 2379: 2349: 2335:. 2017-11-28. 2320: 2295: 2270: 2256:. 2007-05-24. 2239: 2214: 2189: 2159: 2134: 2109: 2084: 2053: 2028: 1998: 1973: 1948: 1923: 1898: 1888: 1802: 1773: 1744: 1728: 1709:(5): 722–725. 1693: 1668: 1647: 1626:Blood Services 1612: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1566: 1563: 1555:sperm donation 1551:organ donation 1503:United Kingdom 1493:donors in the 1491:plasmapheresis 1447: 1444: 1421:blood pressure 1410:selection bias 1401: 1398: 1392: 1389: 1364: 1361: 1342: 1341: 1306:of the subject 1304:worldwide view 1299: 1297: 1290: 1284: 1281: 1264:Main article: 1261: 1258: 1248: 1245: 1207:sodium citrate 1183:blood pressure 1163: 1160: 1132:Plasmapheresis 1128:donate blood. 1112: 1109: 1078:Plasmapheresis 1027:Plasmapheresis 1014: 1011: 976:sodium citrate 964: 961: 904:, usually the 880: 877: 792: 789: 749: 748: 742: 732: 726: 666:A, B, AB, or O 649: 646: 633:blood pressure 612: 609: 596:alloantibodies 490: 481: 472: 463: 447: 438: 429: 420: 410: 407: 378: 375: 250: 247: 197: 194: 174:plasmapheresis 86:blood donation 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7109: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7084: 7082: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6972: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6882:Chido-Rodgers 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6866: 6863: 6862: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6848: 6844: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6786: 6784: 6780: 6776: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6748: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6740: 6739: 6737: 6733: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6716: 6715:leukapheresis 6712: 6708: 6704: 6701: 6700: 6698: 6694: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6664: 6662: 6658: 6652: 6649: 6645: 6642: 6641: 6640: 6637: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6614: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6601: 6598: 6597: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6564: 6559: 6557: 6552: 6550: 6545: 6544: 6541: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6482: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6443: 6440: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6414: 6411: 6400:on 2011-01-15 6399: 6395: 6389: 6386: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6340: 6337: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6310: 6307: 6294: 6290: 6283: 6280: 6267: 6263: 6257: 6254: 6249: 6243: 6240: 6228: 6224: 6218: 6215: 6203: 6199: 6193: 6190: 6185: 6181: 6175: 6172: 6161:on 2008-06-02 6160: 6156: 6150: 6147: 6142: 6136: 6133: 6121: 6117: 6111: 6108: 6097:on 2008-06-25 6093: 6086: 6080: 6077: 6073: 6067: 6064: 6059: 6055: 6049: 6046: 6035:on 2008-06-25 6031: 6027: 6020: 6014: 6011: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5983: 5980: 5975: 5968: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5925: 5922: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5882: 5879: 5874: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5833: 5830: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5784: 5781: 5775: 5772: 5767: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5718: 5716: 5712: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5676: 5673: 5668: 5664: 5658: 5655: 5651: 5640: 5636: 5630: 5627: 5615: 5611: 5605: 5603: 5599: 5588:on 2012-09-27 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5545: 5538: 5535: 5523: 5519: 5513: 5510: 5498: 5494: 5488: 5485: 5480: 5476: 5470: 5467: 5456:on 2013-12-24 5452: 5448: 5441: 5435: 5432: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5373: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5329: 5326: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5266: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5234: 5231: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5179: 5177: 5173: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5128: 5125: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5099: 5096: 5085:on 2008-06-25 5081: 5074: 5068: 5065: 5053: 5049: 5043: 5040: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4994: 4991: 4979: 4975: 4969: 4966: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4933: 4930: 4917: 4913: 4912: 4907: 4900: 4897: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4857: 4854: 4843:on 2008-09-07 4842: 4838: 4832: 4829: 4818:on 2007-11-19 4817: 4813: 4807: 4804: 4800: 4797: 4792: 4789: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4749: 4746: 4735:on 2008-03-15 4734: 4730: 4724: 4721: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4687:Vox Sanguinis 4681: 4678: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4623: 4620: 4612: 4608: 4601: 4594: 4591: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4551: 4548: 4543: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4502: 4499: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4471:Vox Sanguinis 4468: 4461: 4458: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4418: 4415: 4403: 4399: 4393: 4390: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4350: 4347: 4336:on 2008-06-25 4332: 4325: 4319: 4316: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4276: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4241: 4238: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4184: 4181: 4169: 4165: 4164: 4159: 4153: 4150: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4110: 4107: 4095: 4091: 4085: 4082: 4071:on 2008-08-03 4067: 4060: 4054: 4051: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4019: 4016: 4005:on 2007-05-13 4004: 4000: 3996: 3990: 3987: 3976:on 2006-12-30 3975: 3971: 3967: 3961: 3958: 3946: 3942: 3936: 3933: 3921: 3917: 3911: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3897: 3892: 3889: 3878:on 2009-01-01 3877: 3873: 3867: 3864: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3838: 3835: 3830: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3781: 3778: 3773: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3724: 3721: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3693:(2): 90–100. 3692: 3688: 3681: 3678: 3663: 3659: 3652: 3646: 3643: 3632:on 2008-06-25 3628: 3621: 3616: 3610: 3607: 3596: 3590: 3586: 3585: 3577: 3574: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3534: 3532: 3528: 3517:on 2008-08-03 3513: 3509: 3502: 3496: 3493: 3481: 3477: 3471: 3468: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3428: 3425: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3389: 3386: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3346: 3343: 3328: 3322: 3319: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3293: 3290: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3264: 3261: 3249: 3243: 3240: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3213: 3210: 3198: 3194: 3188: 3186: 3182: 3170: 3169:reference.com 3166: 3160: 3157: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3131: 3129: 3125: 3118: 3115: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3071: 3069: 3065: 3054:on 2007-02-03 3053: 3049: 3043: 3040: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3013: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2983: 2979: 2973: 2970: 2959:on 2007-09-13 2958: 2954: 2948: 2945: 2930: 2923: 2917: 2914: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2888: 2885: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2845: 2842: 2831:on 2008-05-09 2830: 2826: 2822: 2816: 2813: 2808: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2765: 2762: 2750: 2746: 2740: 2737: 2729: 2722: 2716: 2713: 2701: 2698:. WebMD.com. 2697: 2691: 2688: 2681: 2678: 2667:on 2008-06-06 2666: 2662: 2656: 2653: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2627: 2624: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2584: 2581: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2555: 2552: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2520: 2517: 2510: 2507: 2495: 2491: 2485: 2482: 2470: 2466: 2460: 2457: 2446:on 2006-11-08 2445: 2441: 2435: 2432: 2420: 2416: 2410: 2407: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2391:(in German). 2390: 2383: 2380: 2368: 2364: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2350: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2324: 2321: 2309: 2305: 2299: 2296: 2285:on 2014-02-02 2284: 2280: 2274: 2271: 2259: 2255: 2254: 2249: 2243: 2240: 2228: 2224: 2218: 2215: 2203: 2199: 2193: 2190: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2163: 2160: 2149:on 2008-03-08 2148: 2144: 2138: 2135: 2124:on 2007-07-08 2123: 2119: 2113: 2110: 2098: 2094: 2088: 2085: 2070: 2063: 2057: 2054: 2043:on 2008-05-26 2042: 2038: 2032: 2029: 2018:on 2008-06-17 2017: 2013: 2007: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1987: 1983: 1977: 1974: 1963:on 2006-12-14 1962: 1958: 1952: 1949: 1938:on 2007-02-03 1937: 1933: 1927: 1924: 1913:on 2007-08-29 1912: 1908: 1902: 1899: 1892: 1889: 1884: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1792:on 2008-06-12 1791: 1787: 1783: 1777: 1774: 1763:on 2008-06-12 1762: 1758: 1754: 1748: 1745: 1741: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1697: 1694: 1683:on 2008-05-24 1682: 1678: 1672: 1669: 1665: 1664:1-56395-196-7 1661: 1657: 1651: 1648: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1617: 1614: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1562: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1495:United States 1492: 1488: 1480: 1475: 1468: 1463: 1456: 1452: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1425:blood glucose 1422: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1406:iron overload 1399: 1397: 1388: 1386: 1380: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1352: 1348: 1338: 1335: 1327: 1317: 1313: 1307: 1305: 1298: 1289: 1288: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1272: 1267: 1259: 1253: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1203: 1200: 1196: 1191: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1172: 1168: 1162:Complications 1161: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1144: 1140: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1123: 1119: 1110: 1104: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1082:source plasma 1079: 1075: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1059: 1055: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1012: 1010: 1008: 1004: 1003:fractionation 1000: 995: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 970: 962: 956: 952: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 921: 919: 918:chlorhexidine 915: 911: 907: 903: 878: 876: 874: 870: 865: 860: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 837: 834: 828: 826: 822: 818: 809: 802: 797: 790: 788: 785: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 757: 752: 747: 743: 741: 737: 733: 731: 727: 724: 721: 720: 719: 716: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 689: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 654: 648:Blood testing 647: 645: 643: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 610: 608: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 572: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 541: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 514: 510: 506: 502: 488: 479: 470: 462: 458: 445: 436: 427: 419: 415: 408: 406: 404: 399: 397: 393: 388: 384: 376: 374: 371: 367: 358: 354: 351: 346: 344: 340: 336: 332: 327: 325: 320: 318: 317: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 292:(also called 291: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 255: 248: 246: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 203: 195: 193: 191: 187: 183: 177: 175: 171: 167: 162: 158: 154: 150: 145: 143: 139: 138:paid time off 135: 130: 126: 123:Today in the 121: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 102:fractionation 99: 95: 91: 87: 78: 71: 67: 63: 58: 52: 47: 41: 37: 33: 19: 6671: 6532: 6504: 6500: 6469:. Retrieved 6452: 6442: 6431:. Retrieved 6413: 6402:. Retrieved 6398:the original 6388: 6356:(1): 43–54. 6353: 6349: 6339: 6327:. Retrieved 6323:the original 6318: 6309: 6297:. Retrieved 6293:the original 6282: 6270:. Retrieved 6266:the original 6256: 6242: 6231:. Retrieved 6217: 6206:. Retrieved 6192: 6184:the original 6174: 6163:. Retrieved 6159:the original 6149: 6135: 6124:. Retrieved 6110: 6099:. Retrieved 6092:the original 6079: 6071: 6066: 6048: 6037:. Retrieved 6030:the original 6013: 6001:. Retrieved 5993:The Guardian 5992: 5982: 5938: 5935:BMC Medicine 5934: 5924: 5891: 5887: 5881: 5846: 5842: 5832: 5797: 5793: 5783: 5774: 5731: 5727: 5689: 5685: 5675: 5657: 5649: 5643:. Retrieved 5635:"Give Blood" 5629: 5618:. Retrieved 5590:. Retrieved 5583:the original 5554: 5550: 5537: 5526:. Retrieved 5512: 5501:. Retrieved 5487: 5479:the original 5469: 5458:. Retrieved 5451:the original 5434: 5393: 5389: 5342: 5338: 5328: 5290:(6): 38–45. 5287: 5283: 5256:. 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Retrieved 1681:the original 1671: 1666:, pp. 98–103 1655: 1650: 1640:18 September 1638:. 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