1410:
497:
113:
721:
143:
3024:
751:
468:(the posteriormost division of its body). The telson on this specimen is uncrushed, although its base and distal part (its end) are not preserved. The preserved fragment is 12.6 cm (5.0 in) long, the complete telson potentially having had a length of 18 cm (7.1 in). It had its greatest width, 1.3 cm (0.51 in), on the base, while in the middle, the telson was 1.1 cm (0.43 in) wide.
3327:
504:
941:, then unknown in the latter except for a juvenile specimen in which it was poorly and fragmentarily preserved. These two eurypterids were found in the same locality, the Beartooth Butte Formation. He had already suggested this back in 2004, in his unpublished thesis. To determine whether this was the case or not, he studied the only known specimen of
880:. This family differed from the others by a series of morphological characteristics that included a carinated (or "crested", as he defined it) telson and a granulate (with granules), pustular (with pustules) or squamate (with scales) ornamentation. Waterston compared the rib-like ornamentation and carina ("keel") of
594:
consists of a dorsal uncrushed impression of most of a telson with a peculiar ornamentation. It was loaned by the
American Princeton University paleontology professor Benjamin Franklin Howell to the American paleontologist Erik Norman Kjellesvig-Waering, who found this fossil unique enough as to have
475:
was long and very narrow, with a spike-like shape, styliform and slightly carinated (with a not very pronounced "keel", ridge). This keel spread over the entire length of the central part of the telson. The telson was thicker at the carinated part, becoming less thick at its lateral margins (its
484:
of the telson was highly distinctive, forming a series of raised and backwardly curved rib-like lines evenly spaced from one another on each lateral margin of the telson. As the lines got closer to its distal part, they became more strongly curved. Between each of these rib-like marks was a
1020:
at the top of the cladogram, without including it in any specific eurypterid clade. Furthermore, the internal classification and phylogenetics of eurypterids have been substantially revised since 1983, making
Plotnick's cladogram greatly misaligned from current knowledge.
845:
would not be an exception to these changes; having only been assigned to
Stylonuridae due to its long and narrow telson (even though no member of this family or of Eurypterida as a whole was known at the time to have had an ornamentation similar to
973:
due to the lack of information regarding the telson of the latter. However, in 2013, the
American and British palaeontologists James C. Lamsdell and Paul Antony Selden doubted this conclusion, noting that the preservation style of the specimen of
370:
consisting of rib-like curved lines on each side of the telson with reticulated (net-like) patterns between them. This ornamentation was unique, and was not known to have occurred in any other eurypterid at the time of the specimen's discovery.
1409:
1539:
of the
Beartooth Butte section had a high salinity, higher than the other sections of paleontological importance in the formation, that resembled that of marine environments. With there also being evidence for the presence of
599:
and considered that comparison with other eurypterids was "superfluous" as the length of the telson and its ornamentation were sufficient for identification from other genera. Thus, in 1955, he named the new genus and
850:
as
Kjellesvig-Waering admitted), the genus' classification within this family would be rendered as tentative in 1966 by Kjellesvig-Waering himself, although it would be continued by the Norwegian paleontologist
2442:
2564:
Waterston, Charles D. (1979). "Problems of functional morphology and classification in stylonuroid eurypterids (Chelicerata, Merostomata), with observations on the
Scottish Silurian Stylonuroidea".
676:), albeit only tentatively. During this study, Kjellesvig-Waering said that new specimens found by the American paleontologists Robert Howland Denison and Eugene Stanley Richardson, Jr. showed that
1570:) fish. There is also a fossil plant flora, which Dorf interpreted as having come from terrestrial sources. A small amount of eurypterids can also be found at the section, these being
696:
eurypterid abdomens are divided in). No year of discovery of these specimens or further explanation about them was given, and later studies never mentioned them. The position of
2363:"From success to persistence: Identifying an evolutionary regime shift in the diverse Paleozoic aquatic arthropod group Eurypterida, driven by the Devonian biotic crisis"
442:
currently classified as part of
Stylonuridae had lengths ranging from 10 centimetres (3.9 inches) to 1.15 metres (3 feet 9 inches), the smallest of them being
3390:
496:
3454:
3377:
517:
1606:) have been discovered. Eurypterids are present in this section as well, even in more abundance than fish, although they remain largely unstudied.
904:
as too fragmentary for inclusion into a specific eurypterid family, and so did the
Norwegian paleontologist Odd Erik Tetlie in an unpublished PhD
1008:
on a cladogram in a thesis. The cladogram below follows
Plotnick's thesis, which has been simplified to only include major eurypterid clades and
3474:
595:
its own genus. Despite the little material of which it consisted, he argued that the telson was one of the most diagnostic parts of eurypterid
3464:
3103:
3093:
2615:
950:
982:
discovered in the same locality and that its morphology did not bear close resemblance to any other eurypterid species, again questioning
3449:
2488:
2413:
3055:
2275:
1427:
was discovered on Early Devonian deposits at the Beartooth Butte Formation. The fossil in which it was preserved is a dolomitic (with
635:, was not given by Kjellesvig-Waering. However, an American biologist who also used this name in 1995 for a new living species of the
3070:
580:
837:. The family has since been revised, with new genera having been assigned to it, other genera having been moved to other clades (
366:(the posteriormost division of the body), which was long, narrow, styliform and with a central carina ("keel"). It had a special
3314:
3098:
3040:
1620:
858:
In 1979, the British geologist Charles D. Waterston erected a new eurypterid family, Parastylonuridae, and included the genera
3088:
3078:
3032:
708:
and later classify it as an uncertain animal with an unknown position within Eurypterida. Some researchers have even doubted
3459:
3050:
3045:
961:
animal that had been erroneously labelled as a eurypterid, but he did not manage to reliably ensure the classification of
620:
324:
892:
was not retained by later researchers either, with the American professor and paleobiologist Roy E. Plotnick classifying
3083:
3060:
946:
900:
within Eurypterida in 1983. The American paleontologist Victor P. Tollerton, Jr. did the same in 1989 after considering
461:
1419:, an extinct species of fish found at the Beartooth Butte Formation. Fossil fish are highly abundant in this formation.
3469:
2144:
142:
460:
is a poorly known eurypterid that is only known from one single specimen. It has been interpreted as representing a
2517:
Tollerton, Victor P. (1989). "Morphology, taxonomy, and classification of the order Eurypterida Burmeister, 1843".
742:
on the right) in which it is known. The structure of the telson of this genus has been compared with the telson of
672:
Stylonuridae. He would reaffirm this in 1966 during a study in which he revised the superfamily Stylonuracea (now
112:
2716:
2608:
1615:
556:
522:
308:
2320:
2214:"Cope's rule and Romer's theory: patterns of diversity and gigantism in eurypterids and Palaeozoic vertebrates"
3023:
992:
Due to the scarce known fossil material of the genus and its uncertain relation with and within Eurypterida,
2162:
1508:
value. One of them is the section at the Beartooth Butte peak, discovered by Dorf in 1934 and aged as being
628:
1012:
genera not pertaining to any of them. The position of the genus on it holds no informative value regarding
3345:
2526:
693:
315:, in the United States. The first half of the name of the genus honors the discoverer of this formation,
3416:
2419:
680:
was a gigantic eurypterid whose reticulated patterns on the telson repeated on its opisthosomal (of the
1520:(the physical characteristics of the rocks) of the place as being proper of a non-marine, red-colored
3444:
3330:
2601:
2284:
2261:
2153:
1673:
1596:
1513:
1497:
1485:. This is opposed to the dark brown to black color of the fossils in which other eurypterids such as
596:
568:
552:
379:
304:
290:
2531:
1590:
575:. In 1988, this university was reorganized, and many of its eurypterid specimens, including that of
2367:
2108:
1602:
1524:
1290:
481:
476:
sides). It was bordered by a flattened rim, which was obliquely striated and had traces of pointed
417:
367:
129:
641:
2581:
2552:
2505:
2470:
2462:
2400:
2171:
1428:
925:
838:
137:
2443:"Like father, like son? Not amongst the eurypterids (Chelicerata) from Beartooth Butte, Wyoming"
912:
could be provisionally kept in Parastylonuridae for the time being due to its similarities with
720:
485:
reticulated (net-like) pattern consisting of very fine, also raised and not as prominent lines.
3421:
1415:
3403:
3395:
2919:
2852:
2844:
2544:
2392:
2384:
2349:
2302:
2253:
2235:
2189:
2121:
Anales del Instituto de Biología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Serie Zoología
3408:
2484:"Phylogeny and palaeoecology of the Adelophthalmoidea (Arthropoda; Chelicerata; Eurypterida)"
3259:
2973:
2965:
2955:
2947:
2927:
2898:
2814:
2763:
2573:
2536:
2497:
2454:
2423:
2376:
2339:
2329:
2292:
2243:
2227:
2198:
1521:
1504:(both in the United States) that is divided into several sections, some of which have great
1459:
1451:
1059:
705:
669:
297:
2133:
953:(EDAX). This way, Tetlie was able to confirm that it was not some other organism such as a
3288:
3134:
2991:
2932:
2888:
2791:
2778:
2218:
1536:
1505:
1239:
821:
805:
786:
477:
852:
797:
was classified as part of Stylonuridae. At the time, this family consisted of the genera
2288:
2269:
Lamsdell, James C.; Braddy, Simon J.; Loeffler, Elizabeth J.; Dineley, David L. (2010).
841:
groups) and some genera having even been completely removed from the order Eurypterida.
651:
615:, who discovered the Beartooth Butte Formation on 1934. The second part consists on the
345:
3204:
3162:
3120:
2983:
2910:
2870:
2862:
2786:
2344:
2248:
1532:
1489:
have been found in the area, which again raises doubts regarding the classification of
1336:
1165:
937:
866:
777:
756:
750:
730:
388:
386:
have made the classification of this genus problematic. Currently, it is considered as
210:
1584:. Near the Beartooth Butte section, at the known as Cottonwood Canyon section, fossil
1473:
fossil was not a misidentified plant or vertebrate. Nevertheless, the fossil in which
3438:
3211:
3183:
3176:
3148:
3127:
2880:
2819:
2809:
2801:
2755:
2745:
2737:
2693:
2657:
2483:
2474:
2362:
2315:
2270:
1580:
1321:
1261:
1187:
1143:
1076:
1016:
though, as it was placed together with the rest of the genera Plotnick considered as
997:
876:
860:
833:
815:
799:
673:
616:
320:
70:
2585:
2556:
2509:
2404:
2213:
657:
351:
3169:
3001:
2937:
2893:
2768:
1555:
1042:
1000:, a science branch studying organisms and their evolutionary history) analyses and
700:
in Stylonuridae would not be accepted by future researchers, who would first refer
432:
378:
by the American paleontologist Erik Norman Kjellesvig-Waering in 1955, the strange
375:
282:
238:
1535:) conditions, with the environment possibly having been an estuarine channel. The
2184:
3266:
3243:
3141:
2835:
2728:
2666:
2648:
1563:
1541:
1226:
1130:
1093:
1028:
681:
627:, "wing"), which has been widely used for eurypterid genera. The meaning of its
612:
584:
444:
316:
184:
45:
3368:
1684:
1682:
3232:
3218:
3197:
3190:
3155:
2996:
2684:
2675:
2624:
2577:
2566:
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
2540:
2501:
1559:
1482:
958:
827:
572:
435:
270:
197:
90:
55:
2548:
2388:
2306:
2239:
3309:
3293:
3283:
2642:
2334:
1527:
in which rocks were deposited in quiet, shallow and estuarine (proper of an
1517:
1447:
1432:
1001:
979:
965:
within Eurypterida. He thus only tentatively, and not formally, synonymized
413:
274:
174:
154:
95:
39:
2396:
2353:
2257:
2231:
2203:
1462:) of the fossils containing plants from the same place had a coat of small
400:
being a eurypterid at all has also been questioned. The locality in which
3362:
3252:
3225:
2185:"A revision of the families and genera of the Stylonuracea (Eurypterida)"
1585:
1567:
888:
and assigned the genus to this new family. Waterston's classification of
549:
545:
294:
121:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
3382:
2466:
2458:
2175:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1528:
1501:
1455:
1439:
689:
685:
601:
560:
530:
412:
and a few other eurypterids. The genus is believed to have lived in an
332:
312:
100:
75:
2380:
2636:
2113:
from Mexico (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Anthonomini) associated with
1928:
1926:
1509:
1463:
905:
725:
636:
564:
465:
439:
404:
was found, the Beartooth Butte Formation, is home to fossils of many
363:
301:
278:
164:
32:
3339:
2297:
1795:
1793:
1720:
1718:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
611:, honors the American geologist and Princeton University professor
1857:
1855:
1408:
954:
782:
749:
719:
646:
450:
409:
393:
340:
266:
1554:
has been found together with many other organisms, predominantly
2316:"Babes in the wood – a unique window into sea scorpion ontogeny"
1478:
1443:
1436:
1004:. An exception to this was made in 1983, when Plotnick included
908:
in 2004 despite having previously stated in the same paper that
405:
3343:
2597:
1810:
1808:
2593:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1688:
2415:
Eurypterid phylogeny with remarks on the origin of arachnids
1665:
1663:
916:. These similarities would also lead Tetlie to suggest that
2271:"Early Devonian stylonurine eurypterids from Arctic Canada"
1842:
1840:
1827:
1825:
1823:
2158:, a new genus of Eurypterida from the Devonian of Wyoming"
1446:
recovered from the same locality were mostly preserved in
607:
based on this fossil. The first part of the generic name,
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
396:
with unclear relationships) within Eurypterida, although
2003:
2001:
1756:
1754:
1752:
2132:
Dunlop, Jason A.; Penney, David; Jekel, Denise (2020).
928:
genera, although he did not act upon this possibility.
567:
was housed at the former paleontological museum of the
2134:"A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives"
1531:, the final part of a river that joins the sea and of
764:
represents a telson of another species of this genus,
2368:
Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution
1477:
was preserved has a deep red color provoked by high
3352:
3302:
3276:
3242:
3112:
3069:
3031:
2982:
2964:
2946:
2918:
2907:
2879:
2861:
2843:
2832:
2800:
2777:
2754:
2736:
2725:
2709:
2702:
1799:
1743:
1724:
1709:
1654:
996:has not usually been included in phylogenetic (of
1944:
1932:
1861:
1544:, it has been proposed that the habitat in which
503:
760:and its counterpart. It has been suggested that
1772:
2090:
2043:
1905:
1814:
1669:
2609:
2212:Lamsdell, James C.; Braddy, Simon J. (2009).
1516:of the Early Devonian). Dorf interpreted the
789:Eurypterida. It includes one single species,
785:with unclear relationships) genus within the
8:
2482:Tetlie, Odd Erik; Poschmann, Markus (2008).
2361:Lamsdell, James C.; Selden, Paul A. (2017).
2314:Lamsdell, James C.; Selden, Paul A. (2013).
931:In 2007, Tetlie proposed that the fossil of
3340:
2915:
2840:
2733:
2706:
2616:
2602:
2594:
111:
22:
2530:
2343:
2333:
2296:
2247:
2202:
1968:
1846:
1831:
855:during his 1974 revision of Eurypterida.
2183:Kjellesvig-Waering, Erik Norman (1966).
2152:Kjellesvig-Waering, Erik Norman (1955).
563:, in the United States. Originally, the
382:and the little known fossil material of
319:, while the second half consists in the
1636:
2078:
2055:
2031:
2019:
2007:
1992:
1980:
1956:
1917:
1880:
1760:
664:Originally, Kjellesvig-Waering placed
1784:
1454:(the fine-grained material embedding
978:was different from that of the other
645:specified that it is composed by the
7:
1548:lived was estuarine and far inland.
884:with the structure of the telson of
704:to another eurypterid family called
362:consists of an incomplete uncrushed
2489:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
1496:The Beartooth Butte Formation is a
1314:
1283:
1276:
1254:
1232:
1180:
1158:
1136:
1126:
1034:
1024:
2276:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
14:
581:Peabody Museum of Natural History
525:where the only known specimen of
3455:Early Devonian first appearances
3326:
3325:
3022:
2422:. pp. 1–344. Archived from
989:assignation within Eurypterida.
951:energy dispersive X-ray analysis
521:Ubication of the section of the
502:
495:
374:Originally described as part of
141:
3315:Timeline of eurypterid research
1945:Dunlop, Penney & Jekel 2020
1933:Dunlop, Penney & Jekel 2020
1862:Dunlop, Penney & Jekel 2020
1621:Timeline of eurypterid research
935:could represent the telson of
775:is currently classified as an
431:was originally described as a
128:, including a close-up on the
1:
3475:Fossil taxa described in 1955
273:, a group of extinct aquatic
3465:Eurypterids of North America
947:scanning electron microscope
120:Interpretive drawing of the
2145:Natural History Museum Bern
1773:Tetlie & Poschmann 2008
1597:Branchioscorpio richardsoni
1423:The only known specimen of
712:being a eurypterid at all.
358:The only known specimen of
124:and only known specimen of
18:Extinct genus of arthropods
3491:
3450:Enigmatic chelicerate taxa
2091:Lamsdell & Selden 2013
2044:Lamsdell & Selden 2017
1906:Lamsdell & Selden 2013
1815:Lamsdell & Selden 2017
1670:Lamsdell & Braddy 2009
1500:extending from Wyoming to
1487:Strobilopterus princetonii
1466:granules, confirming that
938:Strobilopterus princetonii
692:(the dorsal halves of the
3323:
3020:
2717:List of eurypterid genera
2631:
2578:10.1017/S0080456800012813
2541:10.1017/S0022336000041275
2502:10.1017/S1477201907002416
2441:Tetlie, Odd Erik (2007).
2412:Tetlie, Odd Erik (2004).
1616:List of eurypterid genera
1591:Acanthoscorpio mucronatus
1334:
1319:
1312:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1259:
1252:
1237:
1230:
1185:
1178:
1163:
1156:
1141:
1134:
1124:
1107:
1090:
1073:
1056:
1039:
1032:
791:Dorfopterus angusticollis
605:Dorfopterus angusticollis
557:Beartooth Butte Formation
544:only known specimen, its
523:Beartooth Butte Formation
510:Beartooth Butte Formation
309:Beartooth Butte Formation
289:, has been discovered in
248:Dorfopterus angusticollis
244:
237:
138:Scientific classification
136:
119:
110:
25:
2321:BMC Evolutionary Biology
2107:Clark, Wayne E. (1995).
655:, meaning "narrow", and
253:Kjellesvig-Waering, 1955
232:Kjellesvig-Waering, 1955
2519:Journal of Paleontology
2447:Journal of Paleontology
2335:10.1186/1471-2148-13-98
2163:Journal of Paleontology
1800:Kjellesvig-Waering 1966
1744:Kjellesvig-Waering 1955
1725:Kjellesvig-Waering 1966
1710:Kjellesvig-Waering 1955
1655:Kjellesvig-Waering 1955
533:, in the United States.
529:has been discovered in
331:), meaning "wing". The
2232:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0700
2204:10.5962/bhl.title.5219
2117:(Malvales: Tiliaceae)"
1603:Hydroscorpius denisoni
1420:
769:
757:Strobilopterus proteus
747:
579:, were donated to the
448:and the biggest being
3417:Paleobiology Database
2420:University of Bristol
2262:Supplemental material
2058:, pp. 1423–1424.
1674:supplemental material
1581:Jaekelopterus howelli
1481:deposits coming from
1412:
753:
723:
548:, was found on Lower
445:Ctenopterus cestrotus
3460:Devonian eurypterids
2436:(password-protected)
2141:World Spider Catalog
1689:Lamsdell et al. 2010
1498:geological formation
1416:Cosmaspis transversa
569:Princeton University
518:class=notpageimage|
2289:2010CaJES..47.1405J
1746:, pp. 696–697.
1291:Parahughmilleroidea
489:History of research
339:is composed by the
3470:Fossils of Wyoming
2845:Onychopterelloidea
2572:(10–12): 251–322.
2459:10.1666/06-033R1.1
2109:"A new species of
1421:
770:
748:
728:of the species of
724:Comparison of the
661:, meaning "neck".
464:impression of its
281:of the single and
3432:
3431:
3404:Open Tree of Life
3346:Taxon identifiers
3337:
3336:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3009:
2966:Adelophthalmoidea
2948:Waeringopteroidea
2920:Carcinosomatoidea
2853:Onychopterellidae
2828:
2827:
2381:10.1111/evo.13106
2283:(11): 1405–1415.
2190:Fieldiana Geology
2147:. pp. 1–304.
2034:, pp. 75–76.
1935:, pp. 17–30.
1493:as a eurypterid.
1401:
1400:
1392:
1391:
1383:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1365:
1364:
1356:
1355:
1347:
1346:
1301:
1300:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1197:
870:and, doubtfully,
258:
257:
233:
38:407.6–393.3
3482:
3425:
3424:
3412:
3411:
3399:
3398:
3386:
3385:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3341:
3329:
3328:
3303:Related articles
3260:Merostomichnites
3026:
2974:Adelophthalmidae
2956:Waeringopteridae
2928:Carcinosomatidae
2916:
2899:Strobilopteridae
2841:
2815:Hibbertopteridae
2764:Parastylonuridae
2734:
2707:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2595:
2589:
2560:
2534:
2513:
2478:
2453:(6): 1423–1431.
2437:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2408:
2357:
2347:
2337:
2310:
2300:
2265:
2251:
2208:
2206:
2179:
2148:
2138:
2128:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1884:
1878:
1865:
1859:
1850:
1844:
1835:
1829:
1818:
1812:
1803:
1797:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1747:
1741:
1728:
1722:
1713:
1707:
1692:
1686:
1677:
1667:
1658:
1652:
1572:D. angusticollis
1472:
1460:sedimentary rock
1458:or fossils in a
1315:
1284:
1277:
1255:
1233:
1181:
1159:
1137:
1127:
1060:Ruedemannipterus
1035:
1025:
988:
967:D. angusticollis
706:Parastylonuridae
590:The specimen of
543:
506:
505:
499:
438:of medium size.
287:D. angusticollis
231:
224:
209:
196:
146:
145:
115:
105:
42:
31:Temporal range:
23:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3420:
3415:
3407:
3402:
3394:
3389:
3381:
3376:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3348:
3338:
3333:
3319:
3298:
3289:Chasmataspidida
3272:
3238:
3135:Campylocephalus
3108:
3065:
3027:
3006:
2992:Hughmilleriidae
2978:
2960:
2942:
2933:Megalograptidae
2909:
2903:
2889:Dolichopteridae
2875:
2863:Moselopteroidea
2857:
2834:
2824:
2810:Drepanopteridae
2796:
2792:Hardieopteridae
2779:Kokomopteroidea
2773:
2750:
2727:
2721:
2698:
2627:
2622:
2592:
2563:
2532:10.1.1.726.6218
2516:
2481:
2440:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2411:
2360:
2313:
2298:10.1139/E10-053
2268:
2219:Biology Letters
2211:
2182:
2151:
2136:
2131:
2115:Mortoniodendron
2106:
2102:
2097:
2093:, pp. 2–3.
2089:
2085:
2081:, p. 1424.
2077:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2030:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2006:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1904:
1887:
1883:, p. 1430.
1879:
1868:
1860:
1853:
1845:
1838:
1830:
1821:
1813:
1806:
1798:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1763:, p. 1423.
1759:
1750:
1742:
1731:
1723:
1716:
1708:
1695:
1691:, p. 1408.
1687:
1680:
1668:
1661:
1653:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1612:
1537:paleoenviroment
1506:paleontological
1470:
1407:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1348:
1302:
1240:Moselopteroidea
1217:
1208:
1199:
986:
822:Melbournopterus
806:Campylocephalus
718:
541:
536:
535:
534:
520:
514:
513:
512:
511:
507:
491:
451:Pagea plotnicki
426:
349:("narrow") and
254:
251:
230:
222:
207:
194:
140:
132:of the fossil.
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
37:
36:
29:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3488:
3486:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3437:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3413:
3400:
3387:
3374:
3358:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3335:
3334:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3278:
3277:Related groups
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3248:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3205:Onychopterella
3201:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3163:Hibbertopterus
3159:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3121:Adelophthalmus
3116:
3114:
3113:Notable genera
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3075:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2984:Pterygotioidea
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2913:
2911:Diploperculata
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2871:Moselopteridae
2867:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2838:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2787:Kokomopteridae
2783:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2738:Rhenopteroidea
2731:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2687:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2598:
2591:
2590:
2561:
2525:(5): 642–657.
2514:
2496:(2): 237–249.
2479:
2438:
2409:
2358:
2311:
2266:
2226:(2): 265–269.
2209:
2197:(9): 169–197.
2180:
2170:(4): 696–697.
2149:
2129:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2083:
2060:
2048:
2036:
2024:
2012:
2010:, p. 136.
1997:
1995:, p. 282.
1985:
1973:
1971:, p. 253.
1969:Waterston 1979
1961:
1949:
1937:
1922:
1910:
1885:
1866:
1851:
1849:, p. 655.
1847:Tollerton 1989
1836:
1834:, p. 298.
1832:Waterston 1979
1819:
1804:
1802:, p. 177.
1789:
1787:, p. 111.
1777:
1775:, p. 246.
1765:
1748:
1729:
1727:, p. 183.
1714:
1712:, p. 697.
1693:
1678:
1659:
1657:, p. 696.
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1611:
1608:
1576:S. princetonii
1558:fish but also
1533:brackish water
1406:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1337:Pterygotioidea
1333:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1166:Rhenopteroidea
1162:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1023:
1018:incertae sedis
1010:incertae sedis
971:S. princetonii
922:Parastylonurus
914:Parastylonurus
898:incertae sedis
886:Parastylonurus
867:Parastylonurus
793:. Originally,
778:incertae sedis
766:S. princetonii
754:A specimen of
731:Parastylonurus
717:
716:Classification
714:
516:
515:
509:
508:
501:
500:
494:
493:
492:
490:
487:
471:The telson of
425:
422:
389:incertae sedis
256:
255:
252:
242:
241:
235:
234:
220:
216:
215:
212:incertae sedis
205:
201:
200:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
134:
133:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
30:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3487:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3342:
3332:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3212:Pentecopterus
3209:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3184:Megalograptus
3181:
3179:
3178:
3177:Jaekelopterus
3174:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3149:Drepanopterus
3146:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3128:Brachyopterus
3125:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3104:South America
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3094:North America
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3056:Carboniferous
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3033:Geochronology
3030:
3025:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2881:Eurypteroidea
2878:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2831:
2821:
2820:Mycteroptidae
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2802:Mycteropoidea
2799:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2756:Stylonuroidea
2753:
2747:
2746:Rhenopteridae
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2694:Sclerophorata
2691:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:Euchelicerata
2655:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2614:
2612:
2607:
2605:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2426:on 2021-07-30
2425:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2375:(1): 95–110.
2374:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2130:
2127:(1): 107–112.
2126:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2092:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2049:
2046:, p. 97.
2045:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2022:, p. 28.
2021:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1986:
1983:, p. 75.
1982:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1962:
1959:, p. 72.
1958:
1953:
1950:
1947:, p. 29.
1946:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1920:, p. 67.
1919:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1864:, p. 28.
1863:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1817:, p. 96.
1816:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1566:and dipnoan (
1565:
1561:
1557:
1556:heterostracan
1553:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1418:
1417:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1379:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:Mixopteroidea
1317:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1262:Eurypteroidea
1257:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1203:
1202:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1188:Stylonuroidea
1183:
1182:
1176:
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1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1153:
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1144:Mycteropoidea
1139:
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1129:
1128:
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1100:
1097:
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1079:
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1077:Vernonopterus
1071:
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998:phylogenetics
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949:(SEM) and an
948:
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923:
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903:
899:
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877:Lamontopterus
873:
869:
868:
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861:Hardieopterus
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840:
836:
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834:Tarsopterella
830:
829:
824:
823:
818:
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816:Drepanopterus
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808:
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800:Brachyopterus
796:
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788:
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741:
740:P. hendersoni
738:on the left,
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715:
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648:
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638:
634:
633:angusticollis
630:
629:specific name
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617:Ancient Greek
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337:angusticollis
334:
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321:Ancient Greek
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293:of the Early
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3189:
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3175:
3170:Hughmilleria
3168:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3002:Pterygotidae
2938:Mixopteridae
2894:Eurypteridae
2769:Stylonuridae
2689:
2680:
2671:
2662:
2653:
2569:
2565:
2522:
2518:
2493:
2487:
2450:
2446:
2428:. Retrieved
2424:the original
2414:
2372:
2366:
2328:(98): 1–46.
2325:
2319:
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2223:
2217:
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2111:Lonchophorus
2110:
2100:Bibliography
2086:
2051:
2039:
2027:
2015:
1988:
1976:
1964:
1952:
1940:
1913:
1908:, p. 2.
1780:
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1601:
1595:
1589:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1564:osteostracan
1551:
1550:
1545:
1495:
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1474:
1467:
1464:carbonaceous
1424:
1422:
1414:
1413:Specimen of
1405:Paleoecology
1335:
1320:
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1164:
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1110:
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1043:Unionopterus
1041:
1040:
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853:Leif Størmer
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826:
820:
814:
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781:(that is, a
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772:
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755:
743:
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735:
729:
709:
701:
697:
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665:
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642:Lonchophorus
640:
632:
624:
608:
604:
591:
589:
576:
538:
537:
526:
472:
470:
457:
456:
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428:
427:
401:
397:
387:
383:
376:Stylonuridae
373:
359:
357:
350:
344:
336:
328:
286:
283:type species
261:
260:
259:
247:
246:
239:Type species
226:
225:
211:
125:
26:
20:
15:
3445:Eurypterida
3354:Dorfopterus
3267:Palmichnium
3244:Ichnogenera
3142:Carcinosoma
2836:Eurypterina
2729:Stylonurina
2667:Prosomapoda
2649:Chelicerata
2647:Subphylum:
2625:Eurypterids
2156:Dorfopterus
2079:Tetlie 2007
2056:Tetlie 2007
2032:Tetlie 2004
2020:Tetlie 2004
2008:Tetlie 2004
1993:Tetlie 2004
1981:Tetlie 2004
1957:Tetlie 2004
1918:Tetlie 2004
1881:Tetlie 2007
1761:Tetlie 2007
1552:Dorfopterus
1546:Dorfopterus
1542:fresh water
1491:Dorfopterus
1483:iron oxides
1475:Dorfopterus
1468:Dorfopterus
1435:mixed with
1425:Dorfopterus
1227:Eurypterina
1131:Stylonurina
1111:Dorfopterus
1094:Dunsopterus
1029:Eurypterida
1014:Dorfopterus
1006:Dorfopterus
994:Dorfopterus
984:Dorfopterus
976:Dorfopterus
963:Dorfopterus
943:Dorfopterus
933:Dorfopterus
918:Dorfopterus
910:Dorfopterus
902:Dorfopterus
894:Dorfopterus
890:Dorfopterus
882:Dorfopterus
872:Dorfopterus
848:Dorfopterus
843:Dorfopterus
811:Ctenopterus
795:Dorfopterus
773:Dorfopterus
762:Dorfopterus
744:Dorfopterus
710:Dorfopterus
702:Dorfopterus
698:Dorfopterus
682:opisthosoma
678:Dorfopterus
666:Dorfopterus
613:Erling Dorf
609:Dorfopterus
592:Dorfopterus
585:Connecticut
577:Dorfopterus
539:Dorfopterus
527:Dorfopterus
473:Dorfopterus
458:Dorfopterus
429:Dorfopterus
424:Description
402:Dorfopterus
398:Dorfopterus
384:Dorfopterus
360:Dorfopterus
317:Erling Dorf
277:. Only one
262:Dorfopterus
227:Dorfopterus
198:Eurypterida
185:Chelicerata
181:Subphylum:
126:Dorfopterus
27:Dorfopterus
3439:Categories
3233:Stylonurus
3219:Pterygotus
3198:Mixopterus
3191:Megarachne
3156:Eurypterus
3041:Ordovician
2997:Slimonidae
2908:Infraorder
2685:Dekatriata
2676:Planaterga
2643:Arthropoda
2430:2021-08-01
1785:Clark 1995
1627:References
1560:arthrodire
1450:while the
1002:cladograms
980:arthropods
959:vertebrate
945:through a
926:synonymous
828:Stylonurus
736:P. ornatus
597:morphology
573:New Jersey
436:eurypterid
433:stylonurid
380:morphology
355:("neck").
275:arthropods
271:eurypterid
175:Arthropoda
3310:Metastoma
3294:Xiphosura
3284:Arachnida
3071:Geography
2635:Kingdom:
2549:0022-3360
2527:CiteSeerX
2475:131602038
2389:1558-5646
2307:0008-4077
2240:1744-9561
1632:Citations
1586:scorpions
1518:lithology
1448:phosphate
1442:. Fossil
1433:limestone
924:could be
839:taxonomic
414:estuarine
307:) in the
161:Kingdom:
155:Eukaryota
3369:Q5297745
3363:Wikidata
3331:Category
3253:Arcuites
3226:Slimonia
3051:Devonian
3046:Silurian
2833:Suborder
2726:Suborder
2703:Taxonomy
2641:Phylum:
2637:Animalia
2586:86903384
2557:46953627
2510:59488956
2405:42573178
2397:27783385
2354:23663507
2258:19828493
1610:See also
1568:lungfish
1522:infilled
1456:crystals
1440:minerals
1429:dolomite
694:segments
690:tergites
652:angustus
553:deposits
550:Devonian
546:holotype
346:angustus
295:Devonian
291:deposits
204:Family:
171:Phylum:
165:Animalia
151:Domain:
122:holotype
3409:3581782
3396:1265557
3383:4650052
3099:Oceania
3061:Permian
2467:4541258
2418:(PhD).
2345:3679797
2285:Bibcode
2249:2865068
2176:1300354
1529:estuary
1525:channel
1502:Montana
726:telsons
686:abdomen
668:in the
619:suffix
602:species
561:Wyoming
555:on the
531:Wyoming
418:channel
416:inland
333:species
313:Wyoming
219:Genus:
191:Order:
3089:Europe
3079:Africa
2710:Genera
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1510:Emsian
1452:matrix
906:thesis
684:, its
670:family
658:collum
649:words
639:genus
637:weevil
625:pteron
621:πτερόν
565:fossil
480:. The
478:scales
466:telson
462:dorsal
440:Genera
410:plants
364:telson
352:collum
343:words
329:pteron
325:πτερόν
302:Emsian
298:period
279:fossil
33:Emsian
3422:18961
3391:IRMNG
2690:Clade
2681:Clade
2672:Clade
2663:Clade
2654:Clade
2582:S2CID
2553:S2CID
2506:S2CID
2471:S2CID
2463:JSTOR
2401:S2CID
2172:JSTOR
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335:name
323:word
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267:genus
265:is a
3378:GBIF
3084:Asia
2545:ISSN
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2254:PMID
2236:ISSN
1600:and
1578:and
1479:iron
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1437:clay
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