121:
104:
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251:. As they were quite different from those of the Inuit, he speculated that they were indicative of an ancient, preceding culture. Jenness named the culture "Dorset" after the location of the find. These artifacts showed a consistent and distinct cultural pattern that included sophisticated art distinct from that of the Inuit. For example, the carvings featured uniquely large hairstyles for women, and figures of both sexes wearing hoodless
359:
have followed the ice north. Most of the evidence suggests that they disappeared some time between 1000 and 1500. Radiocarbon dating has shown the Dorset were living in the
Cambridge Bay area as late as 1350 CE, while the Thule Inuit moved into the area around 1200 CE. Scientists have suggested that they disappeared because they were unable to adapt to climate change or that they were vulnerable to newly introduced disease.
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this technique in the time they had previously spent in Alaska. Settlement pattern data has been used to claim that the Dorset also extensively used a breathing-hole sealing technique and perhaps they would have taught this to the Inuit. But this has been questioned on the grounds that there is no evidence that the Dorset had dogs.
453:
who replaced them. Archaeological and legendary evidence is often thought to support some cultural contact, but this has been questioned. The Dorset people, for instance, engaged in seal-hole hunting, a method which requires several steps and includes the use of dogs. The Thule apparently did not use
203:
and Dorset ever met. Some modern genetic studies show the Dorset population were distinct from later groups and that "here was virtually no evidence of genetic or cultural interaction between the Dorset and the Thule peoples." However, the question of why the Dorset disappeared so completely has led
358:
The Dorset were highly adapted to living in a very cold climate, and much of their food is thought to have been from hunting sea mammals that breathe through holes in the ice. The massive decline in sea-ice which the
Medieval Warm Period produced would have strongly affected the Dorset. They could
173:, Canada, where the first evidence of its existence was found. The culture has been defined as having four phases due to the distinct differences in the technologies relating to hunting and tool making. Artifacts include distinctive triangular end-blades,
561:
also predominate in the preceding Saqqaq culture, suggesting genetic continuity between the two. The authors of the study suggested that the ancestors of the Saqqaq and Dorset entered North
America from Siberia in a single distinct migration about
509:(mtDNA) of Sadlermiut people was related to that of both the Dorset and Thule peoples, perhaps suggesting local admixture. However a subsequent 2012 genetic analysis showed no genetic link between the Sadlermiut and the Dorset.
730:
387:. They did not use bows or arrows. Instead, they seem to have relied on seals and other sea mammals that they apparently hunted from holes in the ice. Their clothing must have been adapted to the extreme conditions.
303:
technology which the
Dorsets lacked. Possibly, due to a shift from terrestrial to aquatic hunting, the bow and arrow became lost to the Dorset. Another piece of technology that is missing from the Dorset are
194:
The Dorset were first identified as a separate culture in 1925. The Dorset appear to have been extinct by 1500 at the latest and perhaps as early as 1000. The Thule people, who began migrating east from
410:
and filled them with seal oil. Burins were a type of stone flake with a chisel-like edge. They were probably either used for engraving or for carving wood or bone. Burins were also used by
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are diagnostic of the Dorset. The end-blades were hafted onto harpoon heads. They primarily used the harpoons to hunt seal, but also hunted larger sea mammals such as
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holes. For example, bone needles have long, narrow holes that were painstakingly carved or gouged. Both the Pre-Dorset and Thule (Inuit) had drills.
1150:
228:). According to legend, the first inhabitants were giants, taller and stronger than the Inuit but afraid to interact and "easily put to flight".
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1002:
978:
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120:
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up until 1902โ03, might have been the last remnants of the Dorset culture, as they had a culture and dialect distinct from the mainland
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in the 11th century, ended up spreading through the lands previously inhabited by the Dorset. It is not fully known whether the
103:
1206:
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566:, after which they remained genetically largely isolated for thousands of years. The Dorset were genetically distinct from the
1201:
30:
This article is about the Paleo-Eskimo culture in Arctic North
America. For the culture of the English county of Dorset, see
988:
502:. Encounters with Europeans and exposure to infectious disease caused the deaths of the last members of the Sadlermiut.
255:
with large, tall collars. Much research since then has revealed many details of the Dorset people and their culture.
1236:
545:
in August 2014 examined the remains of nineteen Dorset people buried in Canada and
Greenland between ca. 170
320:
1039:
808:
417:
The Dorset were highly skilled at making refined miniature carvings, and striking masks. Both indicate an active
693:
287:
The origins of the Dorset people are not well understood. They may have developed from the previous cultures of
1181:
840:
351:, which started to warm the Arctic considerably around the mid-10th century. With the warmer climates, the
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784:
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some to suggest that Thule invaders wiped out the Dorset people in "an example of prehistoric genocide."
430:
884:
803:
554:
391:
348:
188:
1120:
Renouf, M.A.P. (1999). "Prehistory of
Newfoundland Hunter-Gatherers: Extinctions or Adaptations?".
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1034:
469:
219:
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Scholars had thought that the
Sadlermiut, a people living in near isolation mainly on and around
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onwards). The
Terminal phase, if it existed, would likely be closely related to the onset of the
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27:
Paleo-Eskimo culture (500 BCEโ1500 CE) that preceded the Inuit in the Arctic of North
America
1131:
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Plummet, Patrick; Lebel, Serge (1997). "Dorset Tip Fluting: A Second 'American' Invention".
1044:
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who, after expanding out of Siberia, completely replaced the Dorset people around 1300
457:
Some elders describe peace with an ancient group of people, while others describe conflict.
870:
731:"The Dorset-Thule succession in Arctic North America: Assessing claims for culture contact"
1075:
Raghavan, Maanasa; DeGiorgio, Michael; Albrechtsen, Anders; et al. (29 August 2014).
526:
422:
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110:
58:
44:
324:
Map showing the decline of the Dorset culture and expansion of the Thule (900 to 1500 CE)
888:
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574:. The study also found no evidence of genetic mixing between Dorset people and the
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973:. Alaska Native Language Center Research Paper 9. University of Alaska Fairbanks.
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553:. The sixteen samples of mtDNA extracted were determined to belong to haplogroup
17:
379:-based Thule Inuit. Unlike the Inuit, they rarely hunted land animals, such as
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477:
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80:
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299:. There are, however, problems with this theory: these earlier cultures had
268:
184:
62:
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308:: there are no drill holes in Dorset artifacts. Instead, the Dorset gouged
328:
Dorset culture and history is divided into periods: the Early (500โ1
614:
446:
434:
425:, but there were some important variations which have been noted in both
384:
371:
The Dorset Parallel harpoon head: one of the most common among the Dorset
248:
174:
166:
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399:
376:
352:
276:
170:
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611:"Dorset DNA: Genes Trace the Tale of the Arctic's Long-Gone 'Hobbits'"
403:
395:
196:
162:
749:
534:
499:
472:'s 1824 drawing of Sadlermiut man paddling on inflated seal skins.
464:
319:
262:
252:
200:
309:
967:
Fortescue, Michael; Jacobson, Steven; Kaplan, Lawrence (1994).
945:
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became less predictable and was isolated from the High Arctic.
1015:
The Last Imaginary Place: A Human History of the Arctic World
421:. The Dorset culture was remarkably homogeneous across the
49:
Maximum extent of the Late Dorset culture (AD 500โ1000)
375:
The Dorset adaptation was different from that of the
673:"New Study Offers Clues to Swift Arctic Extinction"
557:(twelve samples), D2a (three samples) and D. These
86:
76:
68:
54:
970:Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: With Aleut Cognates
781:"Inuit stories of the Tuniit backed up by science"
729:
694:"The strange history of the North American Arctic"
651:"Inuit stories of the Tuniit backed up by science"
210:recount them encountering people they called the
1077:"The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic"
949:
932:
712:
223:
212:
178:
340:), as well as perhaps a Terminal phase (from
8:
935:, Supplementary Materials, p. 109, Table S1.
630:"When science meets aboriginal oral history"
37:
414:groups and had a distinctive mitten shape.
1222:Extinct Indigenous peoples of the Americas
723:
721:
605:
603:
43:
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563:
546:
329:
165:. The culture and people are named after
142:
1192:Archaeological cultures of North America
366:
109:Dorset carving of a polar bear found on
843:. June 2002. p. 34. Archived from
599:
449:connection between the Dorset and the
36:
1187:Indigenous peoples in Northern Canada
7:
161:(proto-Inuit) in the North American
869:Park, Robert W. (29 August 2014).
836:National Museum of Natural History
828:"Arctic Studies Center Newsletter"
571:
550:
337:
336:), and Late phases (500โ1000
333:
150:
146:
25:
871:"Stories of Arctic colonization"
802:Briggs, Jean L. (4 March 2015).
779:Ryder, Kassina (30 April 2010).
649:Ryder, Kassina (30 April 2010).
505:A 2002 paper suggested that the
119:
102:
1033:McGhee, Robert (4 March 2015).
527:Birnirk culture ยง Genetics
316:Historical and cultural periods
141:culture, lasting from 500
519:Saqqaq culture ยง Genetics
1:
1136:10.1080/00438243.1999.9980420
628:Alan, Kate (31 August 2014).
539:A genetic study published in
341:
1166:"Dorset Paleoeskimo Culture"
994:Ancient People of the Arctic
531:Thule people ยง Genetics
523:Paleo-Eskimo ยง Genetics
1227:1st millennium BC in Canada
1157:"In the bones of the world"
1151:"Dorset Culture in Nunavik"
1018:. Oxford University Press.
692:You, Jia (28 August 2014).
1253:
516:
475:
441:Interaction with the Inuit
402:. They made lamps, called
390:Triangular end-blades and
267:Stone remains of a Dorset
29:
1040:The Canadian Encyclopedia
809:The Canadian Encyclopedia
42:
1232:1st millennium in Canada
1217:Prehistory of the Arctic
1197:Archaeology of Greenland
728:Park, Robert W. (1993).
576:Greenlandic Norse people
126:Dorset carving of a seal
1096:10.1126/science.1255832
1012:McGhee, Robert (2005).
897:10.1126/science.1258607
841:Smithsonian Institution
445:There appears to be no
1207:Archaeology of Nunavut
785:Northern News Services
655:Northern News Services
473:
372:
332:), Middle (1โ500
325:
279:
224:
213:
179:
1202:Archaeology of Canada
535:Inuit ยง Genetics
468:
419:shamanistic tradition
370:
323:
266:
145:to between 1000
950:Raghavan et al. 2014
933:Raghavan et al. 2014
713:Raghavan et al. 2014
349:Medieval Warm Period
222:: แแแฆ, singular แแแ
153:, that followed the
1055:Arctic Anthropology
889:2014Sci...345.1004P
883:(6200): 1004โ1005.
850:on 25 December 2015
470:George Francis Lyon
39:
804:"Sadlermiut Inuit"
737:American Antiquity
678:The New York Times
492:Southampton Island
474:
373:
326:
280:
169:(now Kinngait) in
55:Geographical range
1237:Greenlandic Inuit
1123:World Archaeology
1025:978-0-19-518368-9
1004:978-0-7748-0854-5
980:978-1-55500-109-4
791:on 3 August 2017.
681:. 29 August 2014.
661:on 3 August 2017.
617:. 28 August 2014.
507:mitochondrial DNA
295:or (less likely)
157:and preceded the
96:
95:
72:500 BCE โ 1500 CE
32:Culture of Dorset
16:(Redirected from
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1035:"Dorset Culture"
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952:, p. 1.
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916:. Retrieved
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159:Thule people
139:Paleo-Eskimo
134:
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91:Thule people
559:haplogroups
381:polar bears
345: 1000
249:Cape Dorset
167:Cape Dorset
87:Followed by
77:Preceded by
1176:Categories
854:13 October
594:References
588:Qajartalik
562:4000
517:See also:
496:Hudson Bay
478:Sadlermiut
461:Sadlermiut
412:Pre-Dorset
363:Technology
310:lenticular
289:Pre-Dorset
183:) made of
155:Pre-Dorset
81:Pre-Dorset
913:206560802
766:162383674
437:regions.
427:Greenland
408:soapstone
269:longhouse
245:artifacts
243:received
232:Discovery
220:syllabics
185:soapstone
175:oil lamps
63:Greenland
1153:, Avataq
1105:25170159
1089:(6200).
1068:40316446
991:(2001).
918:8 August
905:25170138
615:NBC News
582:See also
513:Genetics
435:Labrador
400:narwhals
236:In 1925
1082:Science
885:Bibcode
876:Science
699:Science
542:Science
447:genetic
406:, from
385:caribou
377:whaling
353:sea ice
283:Origins
277:Nunavut
259:History
171:Nunavut
1113:353853
1111:
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1066:
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1001:
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764:
758:281966
756:
533:, and
490:, and
404:qulliq
396:walrus
392:burins
306:drills
293:Saqqaq
253:parkas
214:Tuniit
197:Alaska
189:burins
187:, and
180:qulliq
163:Arctic
137:was a
135:Dorset
1109:S2CID
1064:JSTOR
909:S2CID
848:(PDF)
831:(PDF)
762:S2CID
754:JSTOR
500:Inuit
451:Thule
271:near
247:from
225:Tuniq
201:Inuit
69:Dates
1101:PMID
1020:ISBN
999:ISBN
975:ISBN
920:2015
901:PMID
856:2008
555:D2a1
429:and
398:and
383:and
218:(in
133:The
1132:doi
1091:doi
1087:345
893:doi
881:345
746:doi
564:BCE
547:BCE
494:in
330:BCE
143:BCE
1178::
1159:,
1128:30
1126:.
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602:^
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572:CE
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342:c.
338:CE
334:CE
291:,
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151:CE
147:CE
61:,
1138:.
1134::
1115:.
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