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inspection, a purple-brown mold (see arrow) becomes apparent. Small spores shaped like footballs can be observed among the mold with a 10x hand lens. As a result of numerous infectious sites, leaves might show a blighted appearance if the disease continues to spread. In disease-favorable conditions (cool nights with long dew periods), downy mildew will spread rapidly, destroying leaf tissue without affecting stems or petioles.
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has been a huge problem for both commercial producers and home growers. The disease was first reported in Italy in 2004, was reported in the U.S. in 2007 and 2008 and has been steadily increasing in prevalence, distribution, and economic importance since then. The highest disease occurrence in basil
197:
One way to control downy mildew is to eliminate moisture and humidity around the impacted plants. Watering from below, such as with a drip system, and improve air circulation through selective pruning. In enclosed environments, like in the house or in a greenhouse, reducing the humidity will help as
148:
Because the downy mildew pathogen does not overwinter in midwestern fields, crop rotations and tillage practices do not affect disease development. The pathogen tends to become established in late summer. Therefore, planting early season varieties may further reduce the already minor threat posed by
313:
become stunted with thickened clusters of pale curled leaves. These spikes have a silvery upper surface, while the undersides of leaves become blackened with spores. These dwarfed spikes are called "basal spikes". 'Lateral' or 'terminal' spikes occur further up the vine. An entire hop crop could be
134:
Initial symptoms include large, angular or blocky, yellow areas visible on the upper surface. They can also be distinguished by their sporadic yellow patch appearance. As lesions mature, they expand rapidly and turn brown. The under surface of infected leaves appears watersoaked. Upon closer
206:
Recent breeding efforts have produced resistant basil cultivars. Choosing resistant cultivars, in combination with other prevention and control measures, can help growers with high downy mildew pressure still produce a viable crop.
125:
production each spring. Yield loss associated with downy mildew is most likely related to soft rots that occur after plant canopies collapse and sunburn occurs on fruit. Cucurbit downy mildew only affects leaves of cucurbit plants.
120:
featured in NCBI-Taxonomy and HYP3. This pathogen does not produce survival structures in the northern states of the United States, and overwinters as live mildew colonies in Gulf Coast states. It progresses northward with
597:
Roberts, P.D., Raid, R.N., Harmon, P.F., Jordan, S.A., Palmateer, A.J., 2009. First Report of Downy Mildew Caused by a
Peronospora sp. on Basil in Florida and the United States. Plant Disease 93, 199-199.
573:
616:
Breese, Wendy A; Shattock, R C; Williamson, B; Hackett, Christine (August 1994). "In vitro spore germination and infection of cultivars of Rubus and Rosa by downy mildews from both hosts".
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on diseased leaves and/or on infected seed. The disease spreads in environments with high humidity and favors temperatures between 20-22 °C. Tufts of grayish to pale-colored
606:
Wick, R.L., Brazee, N.J., 2009. First Report of Downy Mildew Caused by a
Peronospora Species on Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum) in Massachusetts. Plant Disease 93, 318-318.
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https://www.johnnyseeds.com/on/demandware.static/-/Library-Sites-JSSSharedLibrary/default/dwc8916fa0/assets/information/7648-basil-downy-mildew-prevention.pdf
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309:). The disease is the single most devastating disease in Western United States hopyards, since the microbe thrives in moist climates. Infected young hop
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on the underside of leaves easily distinguish the infection from other foliar diseases. The disease is often controlled using the fungicides
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downy mildew. When downy mildew does pose a threat, the removal and destruction of plants displaying symptoms is good practice.
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are at least somewhat effective in protecting against downy mildew infection. Systemic fungicides are labeled for use against
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Fungicides applied specifically for downy mildew control may be unnecessary. Broad spectrum protectant fungicides such as
1368:
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274:) and other members of the gourd family). The disease is one of the most significant diseases of cucurbits worldwide.
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downy mildew, but are recommended only after diagnosis of this disease has been confirmed. In the United States, the
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Kandel, Shyam L.; Mou, Beiquan; Shishkoff, Nina; Shi, Ainong; Subbarao, Krishna V.; Klosterman, Steven J. (2019).
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712:"Spinach Downy Mildew: Advances in Our Understanding of the Disease Cycle and Prospects for Disease Management"
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an oomycete pathogen that poses a challenge to spinach production worldwide, especially in organic production.
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Garibaldi, A., Minuto, A., Minuto, G., Gullino, M.L., 2004. First Report of Downy Mildew on Basil (
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infects soybeans, reducing photosynthetic activity, yield, and quality. The fungus spreads by
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in the United States, where they are one of the most popular ornamental plants.
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655:. Taipei: Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center. pp. 86–87.
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and mancozeb was registered for control of the mildew under the trademark
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Shanmugasundaram, S.; Masuda, Ryoichi; Tsou, S.C.S.; Hong, T.L. (1991).
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has recently emerged as a major threat to the cultivation of ornamental
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Vegetable
Soybean Research Needs for Production and Quality Improvement
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764:. Fargo, North Dakota: North Dakota State University Extension Service
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537:. Minnesota Department of Agriculture. October 2015. Archived from
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grainews.ca: "Gowan buys Dow’s Gavel potato fungicide"
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for use against downy mildew. In Canada, a mixture of
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which can remain dormant in the soil for many years.
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91:of plants. Downy mildews exclusively belong to the
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751:Friskop, Andrew; Markell, Sam; Gulya, Tom (2009).
722:(5). American Phytopathological Society: 791–803.
683:Sinclair, James Burton; Backman, P. A. (1989).
287:is the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew.
102:, they are a particular problem for growers of
641:
639:
248:) is specific to cucurbits (e.g., cantaloupe (
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8:
1268:Effects of climate change on wine production
231:leaves occurs at temperatures around 68°F.
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322:A new and particularly aggressive form of
51:Example of downy mildew (left) along with
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114:that grow on vines. The prime example is
1364:Water mould plant pathogens and diseases
689:(3rd ed.). St Paul, MN: APS Press.
514:Department of Botany and Plant Pathology
436:(with a list of the downy mildew genera)
446:
785:
775:
588:) in Italy. Plant Disease 88, 312-312.
36:
7:
27:Name for several species of oomycete
479:Downy mildew - Plasmopara viticola.
872:International Grape Genome Program
630:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1994.tb04948.x
83:refers to any of several types of
25:
852:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
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1339:
338:attacks rose bushes (including
314:devastated in only a few days.
175:Environmental Protection Agency
686:Compendium of Soybean Diseases
1:
1299:Glossary of viticulture terms
931:Diurnal temperature variation
1309:Glossary of winemaking terms
535:New Active Ingredient Review
295:Hop Downy Mildew (caused by
753:"Downy Mildew of Sunflower"
505:Richard Latin, Karen Rane,
1385:
1078:Integrated pest management
729:10.1094/PDIS-10-18-1720-FE
245:Pseudoperonospora cubensis
29:
1337:
1273:Environmental stewardship
618:Annals of Applied Biology
44:
1201:Great French Wine Blight
298:Pseudoperonospora humuli
242:downy mildew (caused by
139:Treatment and management
1283:Sustainable agriculture
1064:Frost damage prevention
946:Regional climate levels
1304:Glossary of wine terms
761:Sunflower Publications
484:June 11, 2010, at the
358:Peronospora manshurica
324:impatiens downy mildew
211:Plant-specific mildews
227:Peronospora belbahrii
489:MSU Plant Pathology.
477:Schilder, Annemiek.
407:Plasmopara halstedii
117:Peronospora farinosa
1369:Fungus common names
1258:Adaptive management
430:(of tobacco plants)
395:Peronospora effusa,
284:Plasmopara viticola
202:Resistant cultivars
32:Downy Mildew (band)
1176:Botrytis bunch rot
996:Grapevine planting
926:Climate categories
507:"Pumpkin Diseases"
468:– ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
456:– ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
335:Peronospora sparsa
189:as early as 2008.
89:obligate parasites
87:microbes that are
30:For the band, see
1351:
1350:
1196:Grapevine yellows
528:"Oxathiapiprolin"
301:) is specific to
271:Citrullus lanatus
187:Gavel (fungicide)
78:
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16:(Redirected from
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1227:Uncinula necator
1216:Pierce's disease
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1054:Erosion control
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716:Plant Disease
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564:, 18 Jul 2008
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544:on 2017-11-07
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454:NCBI-Taxonomy
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254:), cucumber (
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240:Cucurbitaceae
235:Cucurbitaceae
234:
232:
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61:Causal agents
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19:
18:Downey mildew
1225:
1191:Downy mildew
1190:
1103:Weed control
1093:Millerandage
1070:
941:Microclimate
905:
898:
880:
867:Hybrid grape
847:Ampelography
840:horticulture
766:. Retrieved
760:
746:
719:
715:
705:
685:
678:
666:. Retrieved
648:
624:(1): 73–85.
621:
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546:. Retrieved
539:the original
534:
522:
516:, purdue.edu
513:
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251:Cucumis melo
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165:, and fixed
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81:Downy mildew
80:
79:
40:Downy mildew
1001:Propagation
838:Biology and
831:Viticulture
341:Rosa canina
318:Ornamentals
100:agriculture
95:family. In
1358:Categories
1329:Winemaking
1251:and issues
1249:Approaches
1211:Phylloxera
1181:Bot canker
1083:Irrigation
1059:Fertilizer
1032:management
961:Topography
951:Soil types
668:6 February
548:2017-11-09
441:References
412:sunflowers
401:Sunflowers
224:caused by
112:vegetables
97:commercial
1240:Vine moth
1206:Nematodes
1171:Black rot
1155:Pests and
1131:Noble rot
1126:Festivals
971:elevation
919:variation
889:Rootstock
788:ignored (
778:cite book
428:Blue mold
348:species.
328:impatiens
104:crucifers
65:oomycetes
1345:Category
1314:Oenology
1292:See also
1186:Dead arm
1158:diseases
1136:Ripeness
1088:Klopotec
1030:Vineyard
989:planting
987:Vineyard
936:Drainage
894:Vineyard
882:Veraison
877:Ripening
738:30939071
482:Archived
422:See also
416:oospores
410:infects
371:mancozeb
363:oospores
352:Soybeans
183:zoxamide
171:cucurbit
163:mancozeb
130:Symptoms
123:cucurbit
85:oomycete
1146:Weather
1141:Vintage
1113:Harvest
1098:Pruning
1049:Coulure
956:Terroir
768:4 March
391:spinach
385:Spinach
262:pumpkin
1039:Canopy
966:aspect
862:Grapes
736:
693:
659:
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278:Grapes
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