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284:. ESA has agreed to contribute 8 million Euros to the Double Star programme. This funding was used for refurbishment and pre-integration of the European instruments, acquisition of data for four hours per day and co-ordination of scientific operations. This schedule enabled Double Star to operate simultaneously with ESA's
350:
The mission formally ended on
October 14, 2007, when the TC-1 spacecraft re-entered the Earth's atmosphere after being decommissioned (an unavoidable consequence of its equatorial orbit). The TC-2 spacecraft and payload continued to operate until late 2008, when contact was lost.
271:
by studying the effects of the Sun on the Earth's environment. After a nominal mission of one year (from the launch of TC-2 in July 2004), the Double Star mission was extended twice by both agencies until the end of
September 2007.
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launch vehicle on
December 29, 2003, at 19:06 UTC. Its purpose was to investigate Earth's huge 'magnetotail', the region where particles are accelerated towards the planet's magnetic poles by a process known as 'reconnection'.
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267:. It consisted of two satellites: an Equatorial satellite (TC-1) and Polar satellite (TC-2). Double Star followed in the footsteps of ESA's
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TC-1 was launched into an equatorial elliptical orbit of 570 x 78 970 km with inclination 28.5° to the equator from the
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The TC-2 spacecraft was launched into a polar elliptical orbit of 700 x 39 000 km, inclination 90° to the equator from
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The Double Star mission used two satellites in Earth orbit - each designed, developed, launched, and operated by the
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363:. This apogee of this mission was the deepest into space China had ever sent a spacecraft at that time.
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343:. It focuses on physical processes taking place over the magnetic poles and the development of
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388:"ESA Science & Technology - The first Sino-European satellite completes its mission"
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259:(ESA). It was the first space mission launched by China to investigate
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123:
In Orbit: 20 years, 1 month and 27 days (TC-2)
3823:
Earth observation satellites of the
European Space Agency
339:) was launched July 25, 2004 at 07:05 UTC, also by a
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Space Today (names the spacecraft as TC-1 and TC-2)
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176:
166:
140:
135:
117:
104:
89:
77:
59:
49:
37:
2792:China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
1002:Space Applications and Telecommunications Centre
1012:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
2760:
2225:
892:
454:
8:
32:
234:ESA quadrilateral mission insignia for the
3382:
3029:
3015:
2811:
2787:China National Space Administration (CNSA)
2767:
2753:
2745:
2232:
2218:
2210:
1236:
1220:
1161:European Launcher Development Organisation
915:
899:
885:
877:
461:
447:
439:
31:
3729:Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft
2802:People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps
429:Imperial College Earth Missions website
379:
3838:Earth observation satellites of China
1123:Space Situational Awareness Programme
7:
3796:. Failed missions marked with †sign
2170:
1166:European Space Research Organisation
982:Space Research and Technology Centre
3818:China National Space Administration
2194:
282:China National Space Administration
253:China National Space Administration
3633:BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
25:
2576:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
762:Sura Ionospheric Heating Facility
291:The first equatorial spacecraft (
121:3 years, 9 months, 15 days (TC-1)
2526:Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy
2193:
2181:
2169:
2158:
2157:
987:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
228:
27:Chinese-European joint satellite
424:ESA Science and Technology page
368:Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center
361:Xichang Satellite Launch Center
181:Xichang Satellite Launch Center
3848:Geospace monitoring satellites
2006:Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer
92:
1:
3505:Space laboratories and cargos
2330:Communication and engineering
618:Interplanetary magnetic field
560:Magnetosphere particle motion
319:The second polar spacecraft (
3003:(interplanetary exploration)
2451:Satellite navigation system
2421:Data relay satellite system
251:based space mission by the
3864:
3792:Future missions marked in
3495:List of Chinese astronauts
2076:Mars sample return mission
1896:European Data Relay System
1576:Meteosat Second Generation
1489:James Webb Space Telescope
1351:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
1033:European Data Relay System
1007:Concurrent Design Facility
623:Heliospheric current sheet
144:29 December 2003
3788:
3014:
2810:
2797:China Manned Space Agency
2782:
2731:
2149:
1699:Meteosat Third Generation
1558:Meteosat First Generation
1219:
1207:Planetary Science Archive
992:European Astronaut Centre
914:
402:"ESA Double Star Summary"
227:
223:
211:14 October 2007
190:
186:
131:
127:
45:
2477:Astronomical observation
575:Van Allen radiation belt
555:Magnetosphere chronology
1118:Living Planet Programme
977:Space Operations Centre
484:Atmospheric circulation
3581:Tiangong space station
2442:Tianlian Constellation
1429:Hubble Space Telescope
997:Space Astronomy Centre
494:Earth's magnetic field
154:25 July 2004
3279:Space Solar Telescope
3020:Projects and missions
2776:Chinese space program
2733:Future spacecraft in
2650:Planetary exploration
1226:Projects and missions
908:European Space Agency
598:Coronal mass ejection
518:Earth's magnetosphere
257:European Space Agency
3386:Uncrewed expeditions
2970:Exploration programs
1826:European Robotic Arm
1670:Sentinel-5 Precursor
771:Other magnetospheres
633:Solar particle event
311:) was launched by a
3780:Lanyue Lunar Lander
2991:(lunar exploration)
2985:(human spaceflight)
2151:Future missions in
1197:European Space Camp
928:Guiana Space Centre
34:
18:Double Star Mission
3643:Telecommunications
3422:Crewed expeditions
2241:Chinese spacecraft
2001:Ceres Polar Lander
1836:Telecommunications
162:, 07:05 UTC (TC-2)
152:, 19:06 UTC (TC-1)
3803:
3802:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3370:
3369:
3289:Earth observation
3033:Planetary science
3010:
3009:
2818:and landing sites
2742:
2741:
2569:Lunar exploration
2248:Earth observation
2207:
2206:
2145:
2144:
1763:
1762:
1545:Earth observation
1375:Comet Interceptor
1366:Rosalind Franklin
1338:Trace Gas Orbiter
1289:Planetary science
1215:
1214:
1128:Science Programme
874:
873:
728:Research projects
696:
667:
608:Geomagnetic storm
525:Birkeland current
355:Launch and orbits
242:
241:
113:
54:Earth observation
41:Tan Ce (Explorer)
16:(Redirected from
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3117:
3109:
3101:
3093:
3085:
3077:
3069:
3061:
3052:
3044:
3030:
3016:
2942:(In development)
2936:(In development)
2812:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2746:
2533:(joint with ESA)
2257:(joint with ESA)
2234:
2227:
2220:
2211:
2197:
2196:
2185:
2173:
2172:
2161:
2160:
2137:Schiaparelli EDM
1996:Calathus Mission
1820:Georges Lemaître
1778:ISS contribution
1237:
1221:
916:
901:
894:
887:
878:
712:Van Allen Probes
694:
665:
477:Submagnetosphere
463:
456:
449:
440:
406:
405:
404:. 8 August 2023.
398:
392:
391:
384:
323:, also known as
295:, also known as
232:
218:
216:
203:Deorbited (TC-1)
161:
159:
151:
149:
136:Start of mission
118:Mission duration
111:
94:
85:2004-029A (TC-2)
83:2003-061A (TC-1)
35:
21:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3843:Twin satellites
3808:
3807:
3804:
3799:
3784:
3768:
3763:
3755:
3747:
3739:
3731:
3722:
3720:
3713:
3708:
3700:
3692:
3684:
3676:
3668:
3660:
3658:Chinasat Series
3652:
3638:
3613:
3608:
3600:
3592:
3575:
3570:
3562:
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3538:
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3196:
3191:
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3151:
3141:
3131:
3123:
3115:
3107:
3099:
3091:
3083:
3075:
3067:
3059:
3050:
3042:
3021:
3006:
2997:(space station)
2965:
2856:Launch vehicles
2850:
2845:Siziwang Banner
2806:
2778:
2773:
2743:
2738:
2727:
2711:Microsatellites
2706:
2645:
2564:
2472:
2446:
2416:
2325:
2243:
2238:
2208:
2203:
2141:
2110:
1978:
1972:
1953:LISA Pathfinder
1910:
1908:
1901:
1831:
1814:Albert Einstein
1802:Johannes Kepler
1759:
1540:
1398:
1396:
1389:
1284:
1228:
1211:
1170:
1149:
1037:
1016:
965:
943:Launch vehicles
937:
910:
905:
875:
870:
817:
766:
723:
647:
579:
513:
472:
470:Magnetospherics
467:
415:
410:
409:
400:
399:
395:
386:
385:
381:
376:
357:
286:Cluster mission
278:
269:Cluster mission
255:(CNSA) and the
233:
214:
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157:
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153:
147:
145:
122:
99:
84:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3797:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3764:(2016–present)
3758:
3756:(1971–present)
3753:Shijian Series
3750:
3748:(2016–present)
3742:
3734:
3725:
3723:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3709:(2024–present)
3703:
3701:(2024–present)
3695:
3693:(2019–present)
3687:
3685:(2008–present)
3679:
3677:(2024–present)
3674:Tiandu 1 and 2
3671:
3669:(2018–present)
3663:
3661:(1994–present)
3655:
3653:(1994–present)
3646:
3644:
3640:
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3637:
3636:
3629:
3627:
3623:
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3619:
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3611:
3609:(2022–present)
3603:
3601:(2022–present)
3595:
3593:(2021–present)
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3395:
3389:
3387:
3380:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3354:
3352:(1999–present)
3341:
3339:(2006–present)
3333:
3331:(2016–present)
3325:
3323:(2002–present)
3320:Haiyang Series
3317:
3315:(2013–present)
3309:
3301:
3299:(2018–present)
3292:
3290:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3275:
3265:
3257:
3252:Einstein Probe
3249:
3247:(2022–present)
3241:
3239:(2021–present)
3233:
3231:(2020–present)
3225:
3223:(2017–present)
3217:
3215:(2015–present)
3208:
3206:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3184:
3174:
3164:
3154:
3144:
3134:
3126:
3124:(2021–present)
3118:
3116:(2020–present)
3110:
3108:(2020–present)
3102:
3100:(2018–present)
3094:
3092:(2018–present)
3086:
3078:
3076:(2014–present)
3070:
3068:(2013–present)
3062:
3053:
3051:(2010–present)
3045:
3036:
3034:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
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2986:
2980:
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2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2847:(landing site)
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2794:
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2605:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2588:
2583:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2531:Einstein Probe
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2473:
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590:
588:
586:
582:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
550:Magnetosphere
548:
546:
545:Magnetosheath
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
520:
516:
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397:
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389:
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364:
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354:
352:
348:
346:
342:
341:Long March 2C
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:Double Star 2
317:
314:
313:Long March 2C
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
293:Double Star 1
289:
287:
283:
275:
273:
270:
266:
265:magnetosphere
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
237:
231:
226:
222:
210:
206:
202:
198:
193:
189:
185:
182:
179:
175:
172:
171:Long March 2C
169:
165:
143:
139:
134:
130:
126:
120:
116:
110:
107:
103:
97:
95:
88:
82:
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69:
65:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
30:
19:
3805:
3793:
3356:
3303:
3277:
3267:
3186:
3176:
3166:
3156:
3146:
3136:
3097:Yutu-2 rover
3073:Chang'e 5-T1
2934:Long March 9
2929:Long March 8
2924:Long March 7
2919:Long March 6
2914:Long March 5
2894:Long March 4
2874:Long March 3
2869:Long March 2
2864:Long March 1
2734:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2636:
2629:
2603:Chang'e 5-T1
2557:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2508:
2254:
2186:
2175:
2162:
2152:
2061:Lunar Lander
1979:and proposed
1964:
1751:
1743:
1735:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1703:
1697:
1689:
1681:
1587:
1532:
1524:
1516:
1508:
1500:
1381:
1373:
1365:
1356:
1337:
1314:Mars Express
1276:
1154:Predecessors
1133:Horizon 2000
844:Ring systems
839:Lunar swirls
716:
699:
675:
570:Ring current
565:Plasmasphere
540:Magnetopause
396:
382:
365:
358:
349:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
318:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
290:
279:
247:was a joint
244:
243:
235:
100:28382 (TC-2)
98:28140 (TC-1)
67:
50:Mission type
29:
3740:(1969–2006)
3737:FSW Program
3690:Tianlian II
3523:(2016–2019)
3515:(2011–2018)
3489:Shenzhou 18
3484:Shenzhou 17
3479:Shenzhou 16
3474:Shenzhou 15
3469:Shenzhou 14
3464:Shenzhou 13
3459:Shenzhou 12
3454:Shenzhou 11
3449:Shenzhou 10
3378:spaceflight
3304:Double Star
3084:(2013–2016)
2979:(cancelled)
2516:Longjiang-2
2255:Double Star
2199:WikiProject
2071:MarcoPolo-R
2021:Don Quijote
1991:Ariane 5 ME
1955:(2015–2017)
1885:Galileo FOC
1879:Galileo IOV
1851:(1989–1993)
1790:Jules Verne
1771:spaceflight
1602:(2009–2013)
1590:(2003–2007)
1588:Double Star
1584:(2002–2012)
1572:(1995–2011)
1566:(1991–2000)
1560:(1977–1997)
1473:(2009–2013)
1467:(2009–2013)
1443:(1995–1998)
1425:(1989–1993)
1419:(1983–1986)
1413:(1978–1996)
1407:(1975–1982)
1345:BepiColombo
1332:(2005–2014)
1326:(2004–2016)
1310:(2003–2006)
1304:(1997–2005)
1298:(1985–1992)
1267:(2000–2024)
1255:(1990–2009)
1249:(1977–1987)
1182:Arianespace
750:Unwin Radar
676:Double Star
613:Heliosphere
603:Solar flare
325:DoubleStar2
297:DoubleStar1
245:Double Star
236:Double Star
177:Launch site
141:Launch date
109:ESA website
33:Double Star
3812:Categories
3719:Technology
3682:Tianlian I
3626:Navigation
3568:Tianzhou 6
3560:Tianzhou 5
3552:Tianzhou 4
3544:Tianzhou 3
3536:Tianzhou 2
3528:Tianzhou 1
3520:Tiangong 2
3512:Tiangong 1
3444:Shenzhou 9
3439:Shenzhou 7
3434:Shenzhou 6
3429:Shenzhou 5
3413:Shenzhou 8
3408:Shenzhou 4
3403:Shenzhou 3
3398:Shenzhou 2
3393:Shenzhou 1
3081:Yutu rover
2816:Spaceports
2407:Tsinghua-1
2402:Tiantong 1
2382:OlympicSat
2086:Phootprint
2066:Marco Polo
1907:Technology
1737:MetOp-SG-B
1729:MetOp-SG-A
1705:Sentinel-4
1676:ADM-Aeolus
1656:Sentinel-3
1638:Sentinel-2
1624:Sentinel-1
1552:Copernicus
1447:XMM-Newton
1265:Cluster II
1071:Copernicus
1042:Programmes
970:Facilities
920:Spaceports
798:Ganymedian
671:Cluster II
652:Satellites
628:Heliopause
585:Solar wind
535:Ionosphere
509:Polar wind
504:Jet stream
374:References
329:Explorer 2
305:Explorer 1
215:2007-10-14
208:Decay date
158:2004-07-25
148:2003-12-29
3706:Queqiao 2
3307:(2003–07)
3204:cosmology
3188:Tianwen-3
3178:Tianwen-4
3168:Chang'e 8
3158:Chang'e 7
3148:Tianwen-2
3129:Chang'e 6
3113:Chang'e 5
3105:Tianwen-1
3089:Chang'e 4
3065:Chang'e 3
3056:Yinghuo 1
3048:Chang'e 2
3043:(2007–09)
3040:Chang'e 1
2961:Kaituozhe
2701:Tianwen-4
2694:Tianwen-3
2687:Tianwen-2
2667:Tianwen-1
2662:Chang'e 2
2657:Yinghuo-1
2638:Chang'e 8
2631:Chang'e 7
2625:Chang'e 6
2620:Chang'e 5
2608:Chang'e 4
2591:Chang'e 3
2586:Chang'e 2
2581:Chang'e 1
2432:Queqiao 2
2367:ChinaStar
2127:CryoSat-1
2101:STE-QUEST
2036:Eddington
2026:e.Deorbit
1977:Cancelled
1849:Olympus-1
1691:EarthCARE
1612:CryoSat-2
1461:(2006–13)
1437:(1992–93)
1423:Hipparcos
1397:cosmology
834:Gas torus
829:Flux tube
813:Neptunian
803:Saturnian
757:SuperDARN
658:Full list
530:Bow shock
499:Geosphere
249:satellite
238:mission.
112:(archive)
79:COSPAR ID
3606:Mengtian
2995:Tiangong
2977:Shuguang
2956:Kuaizhou
2835:Wenchang
2718:Fengniao
2468:Beidou-3
2463:BeiDou-2
2458:BeiDou-1
2412:Xiwang 1
2362:ChinaSat
2276:Huanjing
2188:Wikinews
2164:Category
1784:Columbus
1708:) (2024)
1518:ARRAKIHS
1471:Herschel
1453:INTEGRAL
1383:EnVision
1336:ExoMars
1192:EUMETSAT
1083:Columbus
1076:Sentinel
956:Ariane 6
951:Ariane 5
419:ESA page
333:Tan Ce 2
301:Tan Ce 1
276:Overview
200:Disposal
60:Operator
3794:italics
3773:Related
3761:XPNAV 1
3698:Qianfan
3666:Queqiao
3598:Wentian
3583:modules
3269:Xuntian
3138:Shensuo
3026:Science
3001:Tianwen
2989:Chang'e
2840:Xichang
2830:Taiyuan
2825:Jiuquan
2735:italics
2680:Shensuo
2672:Zhurong
2552:Xuntian
2521:Queqiao
2428:Queqiao
2397:Sinosat
2392:Shijian
2387:Qianfan
2357:Asiasat
2311:Tianhui
2261:Fengyun
2176:Commons
2153:italics
2122:Cluster
2106:THESEUS
2091:SOLARIS
1966:PROBA-3
1959:OPS-SAT
1941:PROBA-V
1935:PROBA-2
1923:PROBA-1
1873:HYLAS-1
1867:GIOVE-B
1861:GIOVE-A
1855:Artemis
1683:Biomass
1582:Envisat
1521:(2030s)
1320:Rosetta
1308:SMART-1
1302:Huygens
1253:Ulysses
1233:Science
1108:ExoMars
1098:GALILEO
1088:CryoSat
1049:Artemis
1028:ESTRACK
933:Esrange
864:Neptune
849:Jupiter
808:Uranian
788:Martian
778:Hermian
681:Geotail
345:aurorae
213: (
156: (
146: (
105:Website
91:SATCAT
3732:(2020)
3590:Tianhe
3571:(2023)
3563:(2022)
3555:(2022)
3547:(2021)
3539:(2021)
3531:(2017)
3362:(2025)
3328:TanSat
3273:(2026)
3263:(2024)
3255:(2023)
3192:(2030)
3182:(2029)
3172:(2028)
3162:(2026)
3152:(2025)
3142:(2024)
3132:(2024)
3060:(2011)
2723:Xinyan
2613:Yutu-2
2347:Apstar
2321:Ziyuan
2316:Yaogan
2306:Tansuo
2301:TanSat
2291:Shiyan
2266:Gaofen
2132:GEOS 1
2115:Failed
2081:ODINUS
2051:Hopper
2046:Hermes
2041:EXPERT
1969:(2024)
1949:(2015)
1931:(2007)
1919:(1998)
1845:(1978)
1843:GEOS 2
1828:(2021)
1822:(2014)
1816:(2013)
1810:(2012)
1804:(2011)
1796:Cupola
1792:(2008)
1756:(2027)
1748:(2025)
1740:(2025)
1732:(2025)
1724:(2025)
1716:(2025)
1713:ALTIUS
1694:(2024)
1686:(2024)
1537:(2035)
1529:(2035)
1526:Athena
1513:(2029)
1505:(2026)
1495:Euclid
1483:CHEOPS
1465:Planck
1435:Eureca
1417:EXOSAT
1386:(2031)
1378:(2029)
1370:(2028)
1361:(2024)
1353:(2023)
1324:Philae
1296:Giotto
1281:(2031)
1247:ISEE-2
1061:Aurora
859:Uranus
854:Saturn
793:Jovian
735:EISCAT
707:THEMIS
695:(2015)
693:
666:(2016)
664:
489:Aurora
219:(TC-1)
167:Rocket
68:·
66:
3745:QUESS
3635:(BDS)
3376:Human
3358:SMILE
3348:CBERS
3244:ASO-S
3236:CHASE
3228:GECAM
3212:DAMPE
2559:SMILE
2510:Kuafu
2499:GECAM
2494:DAMPE
2489:CHASE
2484:ASO-S
2372:HKSTG
2286:Jilin
2096:SPICA
1891:EGNOS
1753:FORUM
1745:SMILE
1618:Swarm
1594:MetOp
1570:ERS-2
1564:ERS-1
1510:ARIEL
1502:PLATO
1459:CoRoT
1405:Cos-B
1368:rover
1278:Vigil
1202:GEWEX
1145:Pride
1103:ELIPS
1093:EGNOS
783:Lunar
745:SHARE
740:HAARP
701:Polar
686:IMAGE
662:Arase
261:Earth
70:
38:Names
3296:CSES
3260:SVOM
3220:HXMT
2596:Yutu
2545:SVOM
2504:HXMT
2430:and
2377:LGSP
2352:APMT
2342:FH-1
2296:SMMS
2056:LOFT
2031:EChO
2011:CSTS
1986:AIDA
1929:YES2
1721:FLEX
1606:SMOS
1600:GOCE
1534:LISA
1477:Gaia
1358:Hera
1259:SOHO
1113:FLPP
961:Vega
718:Wind
337:TC-2
309:TC-1
64:CNSA
2983:CMS
2538:SST
2271:FSW
1947:IXV
1917:ARD
1769:ISS
1441:ISO
1411:IUE
1066:ATV
1054:ESM
691:MMS
263:'s
93:no.
72:ESA
3814::
3350:)
3058:â€
2281:HY
1664:3B
1662:/
1660:3A
1658:/
1650:2C
1648:/
1646:2B
1644:/
1642:2A
1640:/
1632:1B
1630:/
1628:1A
1626:/
370:.
347:.
335:,
331:,
327:,
307:,
299:,
288:.
3497:)
3493:(
3346:(
2768:e
2761:t
2754:v
2737:.
2233:e
2226:t
2219:v
1702:(
1322:/
900:e
893:t
886:v
462:e
455:t
448:v
390:.
217:)
160:)
150:)
20:)
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