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229:
57:
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2310:; their consanguinity is one-eighth. For each additional removal of the cousin relationship, consanguinity is reduced by half, as the generations of separation increase by one. For each additional degree of the cousin relationship, consanguinity is reduced by a quarter as the generations of separation increase by one on both sides.
2317:
of ordinary cousins as they have half the common ancestors (i.e. one vs two). Double cousins have twice the consanguinity of ordinary cousins as they have twice the number of common ancestors (i.e. four vs two). Double first cousins share the same consanguinity as half-siblings. Likewise, double half
1472:
A maternal cousin is a cousin that is related to the mother's side of the family, while a paternal cousin is a cousin that is related to the father's side of the family. This relationship is not necessarily reciprocal, as the maternal cousin of one person could be the paternal cousin of the other. In
950:
is the number of generations subsequent to the common ancestor before a parent of one of the cousins is found. This means the degree is the separation of the cousin from the common ancestor less one. Also, if the cousins are not separated from the common ancestor by the same number of generations,
882:
Degree measures how distant the relationship is from the most recent common ancestor(s). If the cousins do not come from the same generation, removal is specified, as removal measures the difference in generations between the two cousins. When the removal is not specified, no removal is assumed.
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are reciprocal relationships. Parallel cousins are descended from same-sex siblings. A parallel first cousin relationship exists when both the subject and relative are maternal cousins, or both are paternal cousins. Cross cousins are descendants from opposite-sex siblings. A cross first cousin
1436:
are sometimes used to describe the direction of the removal of the relationship, especially in
Mennonite, Indian, and Pakistani families. These terms relate to a first cousin once removed, uncle/aunt referring to an older generation and niece/nephew for younger ones. For additional removals
2229:. Below, when discussing the coefficient of relationship, we assume the subject and the relative are related only through the kinship term. A coefficient of one represents the relationship one has with oneself. Consanguinity decreases by half for every generation of separation from the
2381:, more than half of all marriages are between first or second cousins (in some of the countries in this region, this may exceed 70%). Just outside this region, it is often legal but infrequent. Many cultures have encouraged specifically cross-cousin marriages. In other places, it is
2373:. Anthropologists believe it is used as a tool to strengthen the family, conserve its wealth, protect its cultural heritage, and retain the power structure of the family and its place in the community. Some groups encourage cousin marriage while others attach a strong
1968:
Half cousins are descended from half siblings and would share one grandparent. The children of two half siblings are first half cousins. If half siblings have children with another pair of half siblings, the resulting children would be double half first cousins.
1437:
grand/great are applied to these relationships. For example, a cousin-granduncle is a male first cousin twice removed that comes from an older generation, and a cousin-grandniece is a female first cousin twice removed who comes from a younger generation.
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cousins share the same consanguinity as first cousins as they both have two common ancestors. If there are half-siblings on one side and full siblings on the other, they would have three-halves the consanguinity of ordinary first cousins.
2210:
Step-cousins are either stepchildren of an individual's aunt or uncle, nieces and nephews of one's step-parent, or the children of one's parent's step-sibling. A cousin-in-law is the cousin of one's spouse or the spouse of one's cousin.
1762:
Edwin and
Frances are double first cousins because they share both sets of grandparents as they are cousins through both parents. They are cousins through the siblings Claudette and Alfred as well as the siblings Henry and Dorothy.
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is the difference between the number of generations from each cousin to the common ancestor. Two people can be removed but be around the same age due to differences in birth dates of parents, children, and other relevant ancestors.
886:
Various governmental entities have established systems for legal use that can precisely specify kinship with common ancestors any number of generations in the past; for example, in medicine and in law, a first cousin is a type of
2308:
914:
People are related with a type of cousin relationship if they share a common ancestor, and are separated from their most recent common ancestor by two or more generations. This means neither person is an
1773:, respectively, reproduce with different siblings from another family. This may also be referred to as "cousins on both sides". The resulting children are related to each other through both their
2820:
Date: September 27, 2012. Source: Tiong Tan, Clinical
Geneticist at Victorian Clinical Genetics Services and Researcher in Craniofacial Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute.
2321:
In a scenario where two monozygotic (identical) twins have children with another pair of monozygotic twins, the resulting double cousins would test as genetically similar as siblings.
2333:, it will not reveal itself unless both father and mother share it. Due to the risk that the trait is harmful, children of high-consanguinity parents have an increased risk of
2233:, as there are two parents for each child. When there is more than one common ancestor, the consanguinity between each ancestor is added together to get the final result.
2995:
1972:
While there is no agreed upon term, it is possible for cousins to share three grandparents if a pair of half siblings had children with a pair of full siblings.
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2366:
Cousin marriage is important in several anthropological theories, which often differentiate between matriarchal and patriarchal parallel and cross cousins.
2329:
Couples that are closely related have an increased chance of sharing genes, including mutations that occurred in their family tree. If the mutation is a
907:
2830:
Helgason, A; Pálsson, S; Gudbjartsson, DF; Kristjánsson, T; Stefánsson, K (2008). "An association between the kinship and fertility of human couples".
2239:
1962:
David and
Penelope are half cousins because they share only one grandparent (Alice) because they are related through half-siblings (Anne and Robert).
3222:
2204:
David and Mary are step-cousins because David's uncle (Charles) is now Mary's stepfather, Mary's mother (Karen) having married
Charles.
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Currently about 10% and historically as high as 80% of all marriages are between first or second cousins. Cousin marriages are often
2344:
Closely related couples have more children. Couples related with consanguinity equivalent to that of third cousins have the greatest
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away from their most recent common ancestor. For this definition degrees and removals are used to further specify the relationship.
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Between first cousins, there are two shared ancestors each with four generations of separation, up and down the family tree:
1402:(the cousins are of order one and two respectively; therefore, the difference in generations to the common ancestor is one).
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is sometimes used for the grandchild of a first cousin, or the first cousin of a grandparent: a first cousin twice removed.
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They seemed to treasure genetic relations in a way I had not encountered before, using such relational designations as "
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The relationship between every solid shaded box and a similar one on the other branch of the tree is that of a cousin.
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relationship exists when the subject and the relative are maternal cousin and paternal cousin to each other. In the
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2348:. This seems counterintuitive as closely related parents have a higher probability of having offspring that are
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The rules are the same for cousins-in-law, except they exist between shaded solid lines and shaded dotted lines.
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Double cousins are relatives who are cousins from two different branches of the family tree. This occurs when
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576:
70:
28:
2952:
Bittles, Alan H. (September 1994). "The Role and
Significance of Consanguinity as a Demographic Variable".
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2431:
2352:, yet closer kinship can also decrease the likelihood of immunological incompatibility during pregnancy.
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Consanguinity is a measure of how closely individuals are related to each other. It is measured by the
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108:
3111:""It's Ok, We're Not Cousins by Blood": The Cousin Marriage Controversy in Historical Perspective"
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is a relative that is the child of a parent's sibling; this is more specifically referred to as a
2971:
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623:
2797:"Genetic And Quantitative Aspects Of Genealogy – CALCULATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF RELATIONSHIP"
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Science Daily: Third
Cousins Have Greatest Number Of Offspring, Data From Iceland Shows.
2843:
935:). In the English system the cousin relationship is further detailed by the concepts of
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is sometimes used for a distant relative who is familiar enough to be greeted with a
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2933:
2519:"Genetic And Quantitative Aspects Of Genealogy – Types Of Collateral Relationships"
498:
483:
417:
17:
2818:
The
Conversation: What's the genetic disease risk for children of related couples?
2632:." They spoke of Mennonite names, Mennonite food, Low German, Russian immigration.
1441:
3127:
3069:
2724:"Genetic And Quantitative Aspects Of Genealogy - Classification Of Relationships"
2303:{\displaystyle \left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{4}+\left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{4}}
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For example, David and George are on opposing sides of the family tree and are
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The degree of the relationship is that of the relative with the lowest order.
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the cousin with the smallest separation is used to determine the degree. The
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41:"First cousin once removed" redirects here. For the documentary film, see
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1477:, Emma is David's maternal cousin and David is Emma's paternal cousin.
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The removal is the number of rows by which the relatives are separated.
923:), and neither is a sibling of the other's parent (are not the other's
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2698:"How is someone related to the child of their parent's half-sibling?"
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and are thus doubly related. Double first cousins share both sets of
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system used in the
English-speaking world, a cousin is a type of
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2389:. Supporters of cousin marriage often view the prohibition as
150:
91:
50:
2458:
King, Robert C.; Stansfield, William D. (2013). "Cousin".
3256:
3109:
Paul, Diane B.; Spencer, Hamish G. (23 December 2008).
3071:
2991:"Consanguinity, human evolution, and complex diseases"
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are used to specify a first cousin with no removals.
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2919:"Go Ahead, Kiss Your Cousin - DiscoverMagazine.com"
2614:Why I am a Mennonite: Essays on Mennonite identity
2302:
919:of the other, they do not share a parent (are not
3096:"The Surprising Truth About Cousins and Marriage"
2913:
2911:
2883:Date: February 8, 2008; Source: deCODE genetics.
2996:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2935:A Background Summary of Consanguineous Marriage
34:"Cousins" redirects here. For other uses, see
3272:
2471:
2469:
837:
8:
119:. There might be a discussion about this on
3228:Genealogy.com definition of various cousins
2941:(Technical report). Edith Cowan University.
2791:
2789:
2787:
2607:
2605:
2595:Genealogy of the Descendants of Peter Vilas
1489:example, David and Emma are cross cousins.
85:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3756:
3279:
3265:
3257:
3206:"The Love That Dare Not Speak Its Surname"
2989:Bittles, Alan; Black, Michael (Sep 2009).
2891:
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1979:
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830:
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253:
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3074:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 216.
3018:
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2671:"How closely related are double cousins?"
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212:Learn how and when to remove this message
194:Learn how and when to remove this message
139:Learn how and when to remove this message
2497:"What is a First Cousin, Twice Removed?"
1783:
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2598:. Madison, Wis: The editor. p. 17.
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2567:"Cousin-german definition and meaning"
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908:Princess Victoria, Duchess of Nemours
7:
2541:"Full cousin definition and meaning"
1398:(David is of the lowest order: one)
3240:Genealogy.com: What makes a cousin?
2896:Kershaw, Sarah (26 November 2009).
2742:"part 7 G4BB: World of Tinker-Toys"
875:in which relatives are two or more
48:Descendant of an ancestor's sibling
3204:Saletan, William (10 April 2002).
2393:, while opponents claim potential
166:tone or style may not reflect the
25:
3185:Brandon Keim (23 December 2008).
2955:Population and Development Review
2477:"Cousin Definition & Meaning"
66:This article has multiple issues.
2592:Vilas, Charles Harrison (1875).
227:
176:guide to writing better articles
155:
96:
55:
3187:"Cousin Marriage OK by Science"
74:or discuss these issues on the
3784:Genealogical numbering systems
2696:Quinn, Jillynne (2014-01-09).
2377:to it. In some regions in the
1:
3923:International Day of Families
3583:Australian Aboriginal kinship
3046:. consang.net. Archived from
3042:Alan Bittles; Michael Black.
2932:Bittles, Alan H. (May 2001).
2616:. Herald Press. p. 286.
2462:. Oxford University Press. 8.
2385:and culturally equivalent to
3128:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060320
2728:www.genetic-genealogy.co.uk
2669:Starr, Barry (2015-01-13).
2335:recessive genetic disorders
2313:Half cousins have half the
2231:most recent common ancestor
2227:coefficient of relationship
4073:
2572:Collins English Dictionary
2546:Collins English Dictionary
2359:
2218:
1482:parallel and cross cousins
1468:Parallel and cross cousins
1465:
40:
33:
26:
3884:National Grandparents Day
3294:
3068:Moore, Alexander (1998).
2799:. Genetic-genealogy.co.uk
2521:. Genetic-genealogy.co.uk
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1462:Gender-based distinctions
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43:First Cousin Once Removed
2756:"What Is a Step Cousin?"
2460:A Dictionary of Genetics
36:Cousins (disambiguation)
3986:Sociology of the family
3826:Philia (brotherly love)
3402:Second-degree relatives
3223:European kinship system
3010:10.1073/pnas.0906079106
2898:"Shaking Off the Shame"
2852:10.1126/science.1150232
2645:"Overview cross-cousin"
867:More generally, in the
29:Cousin (disambiguation)
3831:Storge (familial love)
3437:Third-degree relatives
3339:First-degree relatives
2432:Second-degree relative
2341:for more information.
2304:
911:
3981:Middle child syndrome
3940:National Adoption Day
3816:Agape (parental love)
2612:Harry Loewen (1988).
2407:Collateral descendant
2305:
902:
889:third-degree relative
652:Emotions and feelings
4021:Sibling estrangement
4001:Dysfunctional family
3991:Museum of Motherhood
3928:National Family Week
3794:Quarters of nobility
3003:(suppl 1): 1779–86.
2778:Webster's Dictionary
2744:. February 20, 2011.
2703:The Tech Interactive
2676:The Tech Interactive
2346:reproductive success
2240:
109:confusing or unclear
27:For other uses, see
4052:Kinship and descent
3961:Wedding anniversary
3918:American Family Day
3874:Father–Daughter Day
3821:Eros (marital love)
3570:Kinship terminology
3098:. 14 February 2014.
3044:"Global prevalence"
2844:2008Sci...319..813H
1976:Non-blood relations
1480:On the other hand,
1434:cousin-niece/nephew
806:Narcissistic parent
117:clarify the article
18:Double first cousin
3726:collateral descent
3245:2015-03-11 at the
3233:2015-03-08 at the
3208:– via Slate.
2902:The New York Times
2383:legally prohibited
2300:
2288:
2258:
912:
624:marital separation
4034:
4033:
4006:Domestic violence
3804:
3803:
3721:Lineal descendant
3691:Bilateral descent
3444:Great-grandparent
3329:Matrifocal family
3252:Genetic Genealogy
2760:www.reference.com
2287:
2257:
2208:
2207:
2199:
2198:
1966:
1965:
1957:
1956:
1767:
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1756:
1487:basic family tree
1475:Basic family tree
1430:cousin-uncle/aunt
1407:
1406:
1374:
1373:
964:Basic family tree
895:Basic definitions
854:
853:
811:Power and control
535:
534:
531:
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403:Significant other
383:Mixed-orientation
243:
222:
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214:
204:
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196:
170:used on Knowledge
168:encyclopedic tone
149:
148:
141:
89:
16:(Redirected from
4064:
3996:Astronaut family
3757:
3658:Iroquois kinship
3648:Sudanese kinship
3643:Hawaiian kinship
3618:Family of choice
3449:Great-grandchild
3324:Immediate family
3281:
3274:
3267:
3258:
3210:
3209:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3161:"Final Thoughts"
3157:
3151:
3150:
3140:
3130:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3022:
3012:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2915:
2906:
2905:
2893:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2793:
2782:
2781:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2762:. 4 August 2015.
2752:
2746:
2745:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2649:Oxford reference
2641:
2635:
2634:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2473:
2464:
2463:
2455:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2280:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2250:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1410:Additional terms
1400:with one removal
972:
971:
966:
965:
959:
846:
839:
832:
397:
254:
237:
231:
224:
217:
210:
199:
192:
188:
185:
179:
178:for suggestions.
174:See Knowledge's
159:
158:
151:
144:
137:
133:
130:
124:
100:
99:
92:
81:
59:
58:
51:
21:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4026:Sibling rivalry
3944:
3845:
3800:
3789:Seize quartiers
3755:
3696:Common ancestor
3680:
3672:
3638:Chinese kinship
3633:Nurture kinship
3623:Fictive kinship
3564:
3524:
3513:daughter-in-law
3467:
3432:
3397:
3364:Child (kinship)
3333:
3319:Conjugal family
3314:Extended family
3290:
3285:
3247:Wayback Machine
3235:Wayback Machine
3219:
3214:
3213:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3169:
3167:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3121:(12): 2627–30.
3108:
3107:
3103:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3053:
3051:
3041:
3040:
3036:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2968:10.2307/2137601
2951:
2950:
2946:
2938:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2917:
2916:
2909:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2879:
2875:
2838:(5864): 813–6.
2829:
2828:
2824:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2785:
2774:"cousin-in-law"
2772:
2771:
2767:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2708:
2706:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2681:
2679:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2653:
2651:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2624:
2611:
2610:
2603:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2577:
2575:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2551:
2549:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2502:
2500:
2499:. Genealogy.com
2495:
2494:
2490:
2482:Merriam-Webster
2475:
2474:
2467:
2457:
2456:
2445:
2440:
2417:Cousin marriage
2403:
2364:
2362:Cousin marriage
2358:
2356:Cousin marriage
2331:recessive trait
2327:
2274:
2273:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2223:
2217:
1978:
1495:
1470:
1464:
1412:
963:
962:
906:and her cousin
897:
850:
821:
820:
781:
771:
770:
756:Sexual activity
719:
711:
710:
654:
644:
643:
610:
602:
601:
545:
537:
536:
527:
503:
489:Mutual monogamy
370:
349:
251:
236:
232:
218:
207:
206:
205:
200:
189:
183:
180:
173:
164:This article's
160:
156:
145:
134:
128:
125:
114:
101:
97:
60:
56:
49:
46:
39:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4070:
4068:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4039:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3894:Children's Day
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3776:
3771:
3769:Pedigree chart
3765:
3763:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3736:Patrilineality
3733:
3731:Matrilineality
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3685:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3653:Eskimo kinship
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3574:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3534:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3505:
3503:Sibling-in-law
3500:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3477:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3343:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3309:Nuclear family
3306:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3237:
3225:
3218:
3217:External links
3215:
3212:
3211:
3196:
3177:
3165:Cousin Couples
3152:
3101:
3087:
3080:
3060:
3034:
2981:
2944:
2924:
2907:
2885:
2873:
2822:
2810:
2783:
2765:
2747:
2733:
2715:
2688:
2661:
2636:
2622:
2601:
2584:
2558:
2532:
2510:
2488:
2465:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2402:
2399:
2391:discrimination
2360:Main article:
2357:
2354:
2326:
2323:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2247:
2219:Main article:
2216:
2213:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1977:
1974:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1494:
1493:Multiplicities
1491:
1466:Main article:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1451:kissing cousin
1447:
1438:
1426:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
977:
975:
968:
967:
904:Queen Victoria
896:
893:
852:
851:
849:
848:
841:
834:
826:
823:
822:
819:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
782:
777:
776:
773:
772:
769:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
742:
741:
736:
731:
720:
717:
716:
713:
712:
709:
708:
703:
698:
697:
696:
691:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
655:
650:
649:
646:
645:
642:
641:
636:
631:
626:
617:
611:
608:
607:
604:
603:
600:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
573:
572:
570:Bachelor's Day
562:
557:
552:
546:
543:
542:
539:
538:
533:
532:
529:
528:
526:
525:
520:
515:
510:
504:
502:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
470:
467:
466:
456:
455:
454:
453:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
393:
392:
388:
387:
386:
385:
380:
379:
378:
376:Group marriage
369:
368:
367:
366:
361:
350:
348:
347:
342:
341:
340:
335:
324:
321:
320:
313:
312:
311:
310:
305:
300:
295:
294:
293:
288:
278:
273:
265:
264:
252:
249:
248:
245:
244:
220:
219:
202:
201:
184:September 2023
163:
161:
154:
147:
146:
104:
102:
95:
90:
64:
63:
61:
54:
47:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4069:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4016:Sibling abuse
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3956:Single parent
3954:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3809:Relationships
3807:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3752:
3751:Royal descent
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3679:
3675:
3669:
3668:Omaha kinship
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3598:Consanguinity
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3527:
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234:Relationships
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129:February 2023
122:
121:the talk page
118:
112:
110:
105:This article
103:
94:
93:
88:
86:
79:
78:
73:
72:
67:
62:
53:
52:
44:
37:
30:
19:
3889:Parents' Day
3879:Siblings Day
3869:Father's Day
3857:Mother's Day
3841:Polyfidelity
3836:Filial piety
3761:Family trees
3663:Crow kinship
3613:Estrangement
3508:Child-in-law
3462:
3428:Niece/Nephew
3199:
3190:
3180:
3168:. Retrieved
3164:
3155:
3118:
3115:PLOS Biology
3114:
3104:
3090:
3070:
3063:
3052:. Retrieved
3048:the original
3037:
3000:
2994:
2984:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2934:
2927:
2901:
2876:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2813:
2801:. Retrieved
2777:
2768:
2759:
2750:
2736:
2727:
2718:
2707:. Retrieved
2701:
2691:
2680:. Retrieved
2674:
2664:
2652:. Retrieved
2648:
2639:
2630:cousin-uncle
2629:
2627:
2613:
2594:
2587:
2576:. Retrieved
2570:
2561:
2550:. Retrieved
2544:
2535:
2523:. Retrieved
2513:
2501:. Retrieved
2491:
2480:
2459:
2368:
2365:
2343:
2328:
2325:Reproduction
2320:
2312:
2235:
2224:
2209:
1971:
1967:
1779:grandparents
1768:
1479:
1473:the example
1471:
1450:
1442:
1433:
1429:
1421:
1416:
1399:
1395:
1393:
952:
947:
945:
940:
936:
933:niece/nephew
913:
885:
881:
873:relationship
866:
862:first cousin
861:
857:
855:
499:Polyfidelity
484:Non-monogamy
428:Life partner
418:Cohabitation
307:
208:
190:
181:
165:
135:
126:
115:Please help
106:
82:
75:
69:
68:Please help
65:
3971:Birth order
3716:Inheritance
3701:Family name
3560:Stepsibling
3454:Great-uncle
3409:Grandparent
2379:Middle East
1443:grandcousin
1417:full cousin
877:generations
724:Bride price
582:Meet market
513:Concubinage
298:Grandparent
4057:Cousinship
4041:Categories
3976:Only child
3906:Family Day
3779:Ahnentafel
3741:Progenitor
3603:Disownment
3548:stepmother
3543:stepfather
3538:Stepparent
3530:Stepfamily
3518:son-in-law
3458:Great-aunt
3414:Grandchild
3054:2017-11-06
2962:(3): 567.
2803:28 October
2709:2024-08-04
2682:2024-08-04
2623:083613463X
2578:2024-08-04
2552:2024-08-04
2525:28 October
2438:References
2395:immorality
2339:inbreeding
1428:The terms
1415:The terms
766:Repression
751:Infidelity
664:Attachment
565:Engagement
544:Activities
438:Friendship
413:Girlfriend
391:Partner(s)
111:to readers
71:improve it
3966:Godparent
3678:Genealogy
3555:Stepchild
3304:Household
2184:{{{Blk}}}
2179:{{{Blk}}}
2092:Elizabeth
1662:Claudette
1449:The term
1440:The term
1084:Claudette
746:Hypergamy
718:Practices
706:Sexuality
679:Limerence
639:Widowhood
629:Annulment
555:Courtship
518:Courtesan
494:Polyamory
446:cross-sex
408:Boyfriend
359:Polyandry
77:talk page
3850:Holidays
3774:Genogram
3711:Heredity
3706:Heirloom
3628:Marriage
3593:Affinity
3588:Adoption
3374:daughter
3243:Archived
3231:Archived
3147:19108607
3029:19805052
2868:17831162
2860:18258915
2401:See also
2371:arranged
1947:Penelope
1862:Benjamin
1771:siblings
1519:Beatrice
1358:Ingeborg
1255:Felicity
921:siblings
917:ancestor
816:Stalking
796:Domestic
689:Platonic
674:Jealousy
669:Intimacy
659:Affinity
523:Mistress
508:Cicisbeo
479:Monogamy
460:Intimate
442:romantic
423:Same-sex
364:Polygyny
354:Polygamy
318:marriage
262:adoptive
3949:Related
3683:lineage
3608:Divorce
3578:Kinship
3491:husband
3386:brother
3381:Sibling
3299:History
3138:2605922
3020:2868287
2976:2137601
2840:Bibcode
2832:Science
2654:5 March
2503:Sep 26,
2427:Sibling
2097:Charles
1877:Cecilie
1805:Anthony
1795:William
1775:parents
1747:Frances
1677:Dorothy
1514:Richard
1079:Charles
953:removal
941:removal
869:kinship
801:Elderly
739:service
701:Passion
634:Divorce
615:Breakup
609:Endings
597:Wedding
587:Romance
550:Bonding
440: (
333:Husband
303:Sibling
271:Kinship
258:Genetic
240:Outline
107:may be
4047:Family
4011:Incest
3911:Canada
3481:Spouse
3463:Cousin
3391:sister
3357:father
3352:mother
3347:Parent
3288:Family
3170:4 June
3145:
3135:
3078:
3027:
3017:
2974:
2866:
2858:
2620:
2422:Family
2387:incest
2337:. See
2087:Arthur
1872:Robert
1672:Alfred
1509:Louise
1265:George
1180:Edward
988:Edwina
983:Joseph
948:degree
937:degree
910:, 1852
858:cousin
791:Dating
577:Mating
560:Dating
474:Casual
464:sexual
328:Spouse
308:Cousin
291:mother
286:father
281:Parent
276:Family
3899:Japan
3419:Uncle
3191:Wired
2972:JSTOR
2939:(PDF)
2864:S2CID
2350:unfit
2174:David
2107:Colin
2102:Karen
1995:Peter
1934:David
1800:Alice
1734:Edwin
1667:Henry
1353:Harry
1260:Frank
1170:David
1165:Daisy
1074:Marie
1001:Order
929:uncle
786:Child
779:Abuse
734:dowry
729:dower
620:Legal
250:Types
3862:U.S.
3746:Clan
3681:and
3486:wife
3423:Aunt
3172:2016
3143:PMID
3076:ISBN
3025:PMID
2856:PMID
2805:2014
2656:2020
2618:ISBN
2527:2014
2505:2015
2189:Mary
2000:Anne
1867:Anne
1504:Otto
1455:kiss
1432:and
1419:and
1270:Gwen
1175:Emma
1069:Paul
946:The
939:and
931:nor
925:aunt
684:Love
462:and
450:zone
338:Wife
3369:son
3133:PMC
3123:doi
3015:PMC
3005:doi
3001:107
2964:doi
2848:doi
2836:319
1144:3rd
1089:2nd
1050:1st
864:.
316:By
260:or
4043::
3933:UK
3189:.
3163:.
3141:.
3131:.
3117:.
3113:.
3023:.
3013:.
2999:.
2993:.
2970:.
2960:20
2958:.
2910:^
2900:.
2888:^
2862:.
2854:.
2846:.
2834:.
2786:^
2776:.
2758:.
2726:.
2700:.
2673:.
2647:.
2626:.
2604:^
2569:.
2543:.
2479:.
2468:^
2446:^
2397:.
1781:.
943:.
891:.
856:A
448:/
444:/
80:.
3456:/
3421:/
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83:(
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20:)
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