423:. Their complaint, along with the NAACP's companion train case, was rejected by ICC hearing examiner Isadore Freidson on their first pass. The case would have died at that point had it not been for Roundtree's outreach to Congressman Adam Clayton Powell in Sarah Keys' Congressional district to protest the hearing examiner's ruling and demand a hearing by the full 11-man commission. Following Powell's intervention, the full hearing was granted, and Roundtree and Robertson were given 30 days to file exceptions. In those exceptions, they invoked both the commerce clause of the US Constitution as well as the Supreme Court's reasoning in
502:
and Black clients were routinely referred to white attorneys in order to maximize their chances in court, Roundtree and
Robertson broke with tradition. They pressed the cases of Black clients before white judges and juries and prevailed, winning sizeable recoveries in accident and negligence cases. Their 1957 victory in a negligence case against a Washington, DC psychiatric facility, which resulted in the maximum recovery allowable under the Federal Tort Claims Act at that time, was widely regarded as a turning point not only for Black clients in the Nation's Capital, but for Black attorneys as well.
531:
along the towpath near the scene of the crime, was arrested on the word of an eyewitness who claimed Crump resembled the Black man he had seen standing over Meyer's body moments after the murder. He had then been indicted without a preliminary hearing. Convinced that Crump's limited mental capacity rendered him incapable of perpetrating a murder of such stealth and meticulousness, Roundtree took on the United States government in a July 1965 trial in which the notoriety of the victim drew record crowds of lawyers, law students, and reporters to the United States
District Court.
535:
than the man described by the eyewitness. Stunning the court with the brevity and simplicity of her thirty-minute case, Roundtree called only three witnesses, each of whom testified to Crump's good character, and she presented but a single exhibit: Raymond Crump himself. The not-guilty verdict in the case cemented
Roundtree's reputation among Washington trial lawyers and judges, and resulted in her appointment to high-profile murder cases, including the 1977 defense of John Griffin in a sensational retrial for his alleged role in the murder of
33:
569:
Day Award, the
American Bar Association's 2000 Margaret Brent Women Lawyers of Achievement Award, the 2004 Living Legacy Award from the Howard University School of Divinity, and the 2006 Award of Excellence from the Charlotte, North Carolina Chapter of the Thurgood Marshall Scholarship Fund. In 2011, she received the Janet B. Reno Torchbearer Award from the Women's Bar Association of the District of Columbia, which she had integrated in 1962.
306:. When Rachel Graham was a teenager, she ran from a white man who had reportedly tried to molest her. Enraged, he stomped on her feet, making sure she would never run again. Although Rachel Bryant Graham had only a third-grade education, she wielded great influence in Charlotte's black community. Through her involvement in the colored women's club movement she formed a friendship with
412:
service. For
Roundtree, the case became a personal mission. "It was as though I sat looking in a mirror, so strong was my sense of walking where Sarah Keys had walked," Roundtree recalled in her 2019 autobiography, Mighty Justice. The Keys case challenged the right of a private bus carrier to impose its Jim Crow laws on black passengers traveling across state lines.
518:(later an Associate Judge on the US District Court for the District of Columbia Circuit). The nomination precipitated a firestorm of controversy, with several of the Association's board members vehemently opposing Roundtree's nomination. Only when Green demanded a vote by the full membership was Roundtree admitted to the Women's Bar as its first Black member.
620:
her death in 2018, the Women's Bar of DC created The Dovey
Roundtree Rule to guide Washington law firms in increasing the hiring of minority women for leadership positions. In March 2013, an affordable senior living facility in the Southeast Washington DC community where she ministered was named "The Roundtree Residences" in her honor.
230:, which had just begun ordaining women at a level beyond mere preachers in 1960. With her controversial admission to the all-white Women's Bar of the District of Columbia in 1962, she broke the color bar for minority women in the Washington legal community. In one of Washington's most sensational and widely covered murder cases,
619:
In 2011 a scholarship fund was created in her name by the
Charlotte Chapter of the National Alumnae Association of Spelman College. Roundtree also received the 2011 Torchbearer Award from the Women's Bar Association of the District of Columbia, the organization which she integrated in 1962. Following
611:, the First Lady cited Roundtree's historic contributions to the law, the military and the ministry, and stated: "It is on the shoulders of people like Dovey Johnson Roundtree that we stand today, and it is with her commitment to our core ideals that we will continue moving toward a better tomorrow."
568:
Roundtree was honored by local and national bar associations and legal and religious institutions. She received the 1995 Distinguished Alumna Award from the Howard Law Alumni Of
Greater Washington, the 1995 National Bar Association Charlotte E. Ray Award, the 1996 Spirit of Spelman College Founder's
501:
While fighting the civil rights battle on the national level, Roundtree and her partner, Julius
Robertson, undertook to represent Black clients in civil and criminal matters in the segregated courtrooms of Washington, DC. At a time when Black lawyers had to leave the courthouses to use the bathrooms
338:
Roundtree publicly challenged the racial discrimination she confronted in the rigidly segregated Army even as she recruited other
African-American women for the WAAC on assignment in the Deep South. Traveling in uniform in the winter of 1943 without Army protection, she was evicted from a Miami bus
534:
Against the elaborate circumstantial case presented by US Attorney Alfred Hantman and his legal team, Roundtree pitted a single fact: Crump's diminutive size. At five feet three and a half inches and 130 pounds, Roundtree argued, Crump was four to five inches shorter and at least 50 pounds lighter
559:
In the latter years of her practice, Roundtree forged a unique role for herself, melding her ministerial duties at Washington's Allen Chapel AME Church, located in one of the city's most violent neighborhoods, with her legal practice, concentrating her focus on family and ecumenical law. Through
530:
that solidified her reputation in the Washington, D.C. legal community. For a fee of one dollar, Roundtree took on the defense of Ray Crump, Jr., accused of the execution-style shooting of Meyer as she took her daily walk along the C & O Canal. Crump, who had been found by police wandering
505:
The sudden death of her partner Julius Robertson of a heart attack in November 1961 marked a turning point for Dovey Roundtree, who as an African-American woman found herself a sole practitioner in a legal community still dominated by men. "At a time when a female lawyer of any race was regarded
329:
teaching position she had taken up on college graduation in 1938, she sought out Bethune in Washington, D.C. for assistance in obtaining employment in the burgeoning defense industry. Bethune immediately tapped her for the select group of 40 African-American women who were to become the first to
411:
bus driver to yield her seat to a white Marine. Dovey Roundtree's former Howard Law School professor, Frank Reeves, then head of the Washington DC office of the NAACP, referred Sarah Keys to Dovey Roundtree because of Roundtree's own experiences with bus segregation during her World War II WAC
339:
and forced under threat of arrest to yield her seat to a white Marine. She persisted in her recruiting, bringing African-American women into the Corps in such numbers that although the women served in segregated units, the groundwork was laid for an interracial Army four years before President
560:
religious organizations and legal groups, she became a public advocate for the welfare of young children, who she believed were imperiled by societal violence and the disintegration of the family. She continued in this role following her retirement from active legal practice in 1996.
492:
ruling and called upon the ICC to enforce the ruling it had handed down itself in 1955. Under pressure from the Attorney General, the Commission at last acted upon its own rulings and in September 1961 put a permanent end to segregation in travel across state lines.
302:, Roundtree and her mother and sisters went to live with her maternal grandmother, Rachel Bryant Graham, and her husband, the Rev. Clyde L. Graham, a minister in the A.M.E. Zion Church. Her grandmother weathered the death of her first husband, who was killed by the
506:
skeptically, I'd derived a significant measure of credibility from my association with Julius," she later wrote, adding that in the wake of Robertson's death, "there were times when I felt truly vulnerable." Sustained by her ordination into the ministry of the
257:
law firm of Roundtree, Knox, Hunter and Parker in 1970 following the death of her first law partner Julius Robertson in 1961, Roundtree was special consultant for legal affairs to the AME Church, and General Counsel to the
427:, handed down in May of that same year, and applied Brown explicitly to the area of public transportation. On November 7, 1955, in a historic ruling in which the ICC departed from its long history of adherence to the
639:
and his wife, Patty Quillin, funded a scholarship that Spelman named for Dovey Johnson Roundtree. Calling the donation "a historic gift in response to the historic moment we are experiencing", Spelman president
510:
on November 30, 1961, Dovey Roundtree went on to build a thriving law practice, working as a sole practitioner for nine years before founding a second law firm, Roundtree Knox Hunter and Parker, in 1970.
580:-winner Katie McCabe, won the 2009 Letitia Woods Brown Memorial Book Prize from the Association of Black Women Historians. It was reissued in 2019 by Algonquin Books (Workman Publishing) with the title
401:
In 1952, during her first year of legal practice, Roundtree, along with her partner and mentor, Julius Winfield Robertson, took on a bus desegregation case that would make legal history:
1416:
1386:
363:(FEPC) a permanent entity. Her FEPC involvement brought her into contact with the person who would inspire her to take on the law as her life's mission: Constitutional lawyer
1401:
1215:
Green, Joyce Hens. "Oral History of Honorable Joyce Hens Green," Second Interview, September 16, 1999, Historical Society of the District of Columbia Circuit, pp. 65–67
1411:
218:, Roundtree was selected by Bethune for the first class of African-American women to be trained as officers in the newly created Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (later the
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1446:
1436:
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When the matter was dismissed by the US District Court for the District of Columbia on jurisdictional grounds, Roundtree and Robertson took their complaint to the
1376:
604:
1259:
645:
195:(64 MCC 769 (1955)), which Dovey Roundtree brought before the ICC with her law partner and mentor Julius Winfield Robertson, was invoked by Attorney General
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375:
in the fall of 1947, one of only five women in her class. From 1947 to 1950, she immersed herself in the assault on school segregation being mounted by
514:
In 1962, she broke another barrier with her nomination for membership to the all-white Women's Bar Association of the District of Columbia by attorney
478:
case was felt. On May 29, 1961, responding to the protests of civil rights leaders, Kennedy issued a Justice Department petition in which he cited
1327:
1461:
295:
314:. Bethune's vision inspired Roundtree to excel academically, rise above poverty and Jim Crow, target a medical career, and work her way through
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468:
310:, who at that time traveled extensively through the South as head of the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs, the precursor to the
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403:
191:
127:
1208:
Greason, Walter David, "Looking Only Straight Ahead: Olivia Stuart Henry and the Controversy Over Women's Ordination in the AME Church,"
775:
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noted that Hastings' overall gift of $ 120 million to Spelman and two other institutions was the largest single donation ever made to
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360:
227:
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on the occasion of the initial release of her autobiography. In a letter made public at a July 23, 2009, tribute to Roundtree at the
1406:
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case lay dormant from 1955 to 1961, its intent largely blunted by the ICC commissioner who had dissented from the majority opinion,
234:, tried in the summer of 1965 on the eve of the Watts riots, Roundtree won acquittal for the black laborer accused of the murder of
325:
generated unprecedented numbers of jobs for African Americans in the country's "defense preparedness" program. Resigning from the
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407:(1955). The case originated in a complaint by an African-American WAC private named Sarah Louise Keys, who had been forced by a
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368:
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259:
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416:
204:
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676:"Petition for Rule-Making Filed by Attorney General on Behalf of the United States," ICC Docket No. MC-C-3358, May 29, 1961.
355:
Roundtree first entered the civil rights arena in October 1945 in a nine-month postwar assignment with black labor leader
1272:
Roundtree, Dovey Johnson, and Katie McCabe, Mighty Justice: My Life in Civil Rights, Algonquin Books, New York, NY, 2019.
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To Serve My Country, To Serve My Race: The Story of the Only African American WACs Stationed Overseas during World War II
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for the first time in the field of interstate bus travel. In the Keys case, and in the companion railway case that the
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584:. Her memoir inspired two children's books, both co-authored by Katie McCabe, a 2020 middle-grade adaptation entitled
536:
389:
384:
239:
1295:
We Served America Too!': Personal Recollections of African Americans in the Women's Army Corps during World War II.
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in the first bus desegregation case to be brought before the ICC resulted in the only explicit repudiation of the "
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Though hailed by the press as a historic breakthrough and a "symbol of a movement that cannot be held back," the
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38:
371:. Inspired by Murray's belief that the greatest instrument for social change was the law, Roundtree enrolled at
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776:"Previous Margaret Brent Women Lawyers of Achievement Award Recipients - Commission on Women in the Profession"
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275:
189:" doctrine in the field of interstate bus transportation by a court or federal administrative body. That case,
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lawyer in the television series "Sweet Justice", and the recipient, along with retired Supreme Court Justice
1190:
Dunie, Morrey. "Wife Felled with Ax: Woman Claims Hospital Negligence in Husband's Escape, Wins $ 25,000,"
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577:
446:
420:
1277:
Dear Sisters, Dear Daughters: Words of Wisdom from Multicultural Attorneys Who've Been There and Done That
1184:
526:
It was Roundtree's successful defense of the Black laborer accused of the 1964 murder of Kennedy mistress
445:
297 ICC 335 (1955), the ICC broke with its precedent and ruled that the nondiscrimination language of the
271:
1023:
641:
219:
32:
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Chapman, William. "Crump Free In Murder on Towpath: Verdict Reached in Meyer Slaying after 11 Hours,"
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344:
294:, the second oldest of four daughters of James Eliot Johnson, a printer in the local offices of the
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World War II—Hometown and Home Front Heroes: Life Experience Stories from the Carolinas' Piedmont
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298:, and Lela Bryant Johnson, a seamstress and domestic. Following the death of her father in the
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471:
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J. Monroe Johnson. It was not until the summer of 1961, when the violence resulting from the
376:
196:
1309:
Weinraub, Judith. "A Long Life of Sweet Justice: Dovey Roundtree, Attorney and Role Model."
515:
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226:. In 1961 she became one of the first women to receive full ministerial status in the
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208:
1290:, edited by Margaret Bigger, A. Borough Books, Charlotte NC, 2003, pp. 187–190.
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106:
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1267:
When the Nation Was in Need: Blacks in the Women's Army Corps during World War II
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713:
Green, Joyce Hens, Oral History, Second Interview, September 16, 1999, pp. 65-67.
1326:
NPR: A new focus on the women who helped end discrimination on interstate buses
548:
367:, an impassioned civil rights activist and legal academic who later founded the
299:
1231:
House, Toni. "D.C. Jury Acquits John Griffin, Final Hanafi-Slaying Defendant,"
1342:
1341:
Roundtree interview with Maureen Bunyan, Religion and Ethics Newsweekly 1998
1297:
UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, MI. Facsimile edition printed 1995.
1251:, New York University Press, NY and London, 1996, pp. 129, 336, 343.
178:
1332:
1223:
632:
972:
419:, the federal administrative body charged with the enforcement of the
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train as officers in the newly created Women's Army Auxiliary Corps.
321:
It was Bethune to whom Roundtree turned to in 1941, as the threat of
1132:"Netflix CEO donating $ 120 million to historically black colleges"
159:
1199:
Escobar, Gabriel, "Saluting Military Pioneers, Past and Present,"
483:
438:
1286:
Roundtree, Dovey Johnson, "Recruited by Mary McLeod Bethune," in
1095:
1337:
1053:"Dovey Johnson Roundtree, Barrier-Breaking Lawyer, Dies at 104"
1164:, Columbia University Press, New York, 1983, pp. 86–107.
572:
Roundtree's autobiography, initially released with the title
1162:
Journey from Jim Crow: The Desegregation of Southern Transit
1256:
A Woman's War Too: US Women in the Military in World War II
1183:
Curtis, Mary. "An exceptional life, rooted in Charlotte,"
924:"Petition for Rule Making," Dept. of Justice, May 29, 1961.
623:
In June 2020, amid nationwide protests over the murder of
359:, who was staging a national campaign to make the wartime
318:
from 1934 to 1938, at the height of the Great Depression.
1346:
New York Times obituary on Dovey Roundtree, May 21, 2018
1300:
Warner, Honorable John. "Tribute to Dovey J. Roundtree,"
1171:, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1995, pp. 267–268.
1004:
1002:
387:
which in 1954 culminated in the epochal Supreme Court's
173:(April 17, 1914 – May 21, 2018) was an African-American
1351:
Politico Tribute to Dovey Roundtree, December 30, 2018
1262:, Washington, DC 1996, pp. 128–141, 327–354.
1228:. Lickle Publishing, Inc., New York, 1997, p. 103
551:
in April 2014 and died at the age of 104 in May 2018.
539:
children in 1973 at a District of Columbia residence.
474:
to take action against the ICC that the impact of the
1092:"Association of Black Women Historians - Awards Page"
722:
Chapman, William, "Crump Free in Murder on Towpath,"
181:
minister, and attorney. Her 1955 victory before the
154:
146:
121:
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109:
and criminal defense lawyer, minister, Army veteran
102:
88:
72:
46:
23:
1145:Netflix to fund scholarships at Morehouse, Spelman
761:Weinraub, Judith, "A Long Life of Sweet Justice",
203:' campaign in his successful battle to compel the
1269:, Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, NJ and London, 1992.
1160:Barnes, Catherine A. "A Legal Breakthrough," in
443:NAACP v. St. Louis-San Francisco Railway Company
935:"Freedom to Travel | American Experience | PBS"
1169:A Good Life: Newspapering and other Adventures
821:
605:Women in Military Service for America Memorial
486:train case, along with the 1960 Supreme Court
343:mandated the desegregation of the military by
1417:African-American United States Army personnel
1331:The official site of Dovey Johnson Roundtree
819:
817:
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1260:National Archives and Records Administration
646:Historically Black Colleges and Universities
1387:Activists for African-American civil rights
1402:African-American female military personnel
246:, a woman with romantic ties to President
31:
20:
1412:African Methodist Episcopal Church clergy
1220:Greenberg, Milton. "Dovey Roundtree," in
214:A protégé of black activist and educator
1147:, bizjournals.com. Accessed May 5, 2022.
656:
582:Mighty Justice: My Life in Civil Rights
296:African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
150:William Roundtree (1946-1947; divorced)
1467:Writers from Charlotte, North Carolina
1447:Military personnel from North Carolina
1437:Lawyers from Charlotte, North Carolina
1432:Howard University School of Law alumni
996:Green, Oral History, Second Interview.
262:. She was the inspiration for actress
1377:20th-century African-American lawyers
1283:, Chicago, IL, 2000, pp. 300–302
433:(1896) ruling, the Commission banned
7:
1022:LeFlore, Danielle (April 27, 2015).
599:Roundtree was saluted by First Lady
555:Advocacy for children and the family
404:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company
282:Women Lawyers of Achievement Award.
192:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company
133:First black member of DC Women's Bar
128:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company
1240:McCabe, Katie. "She Had a Dream,"
1094:. October 18, 2009. Archived from
508:African Methodist Episcopal Church
361:Fair Employment Practice Committee
228:African Methodist Episcopal Church
14:
1024:"Who Is Dovey Johnson Roundtree?"
125:Co-Counsel for the petitioner in
1336:Author web site of Katie McCabe
238:socialite (and former wife of a
1306:, Senate S2723, April 13, 2000.
449:prohibited segregation itself.
373:Howard University School of Law
369:National Organization for Women
312:National Council of Negro Women
260:National Council of Negro Women
211:laws in public transportation.
207:to enforce its rulings and end
97:Howard University School of Law
83:Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S.
1226:: the Law that Changed America
441:had filed shortly after Keys (
417:Interstate Commerce Commission
290:Dovey Mae Johnson was born in
205:Interstate Commerce Commission
183:Interstate Commerce Commission
1:
1442:Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
1422:American civil rights lawyers
1397:African-American centenarians
1392:Activists from North Carolina
1382:20th-century American lawyers
1275:Roundtree, Dovey Johnson, in
627:, a $ 40 million donation to
848:Dear Sisters, Dear Daughters
253:The founding partner of the
1462:Women's Army Corps soldiers
1457:American women centenarians
861:When the Nation Was in Need
844:When the Nation Was in Need
687:When the Nation Was In Need
609:Arlington National Cemetery
588:, and a 2021 picture book,
390:Brown v. Board of Education
266:'s depiction of a maverick
171:Dovey Mae Johnson Roundtree
1483:
1254:Poulos, Paula Nassen, ed.
1196:, January 23, 1957, p. A1.
574:Justice Older than the Law
379:and Howard Law professors
300:influenza epidemic of 1919
232:United States v. Ray Crump
596:Illustrator Honor Award.
292:Charlotte, North Carolina
286:Early life and influences
65:Charlotte, North Carolina
39:Charlotte, North Carolina
30:
1407:African-American lawyers
1281:American Bar Association
748:Warner, Honorable John,
701:The A.M.E. Church Review
547:Dovey Johnson Roundtree
397:Desegregating bus travel
276:American Bar Association
136:American Bar Association
1180:, July 31, 1965, p. A1.
1032:McKinney and Associates
726:, July 31, 1965, p. A1.
698:Greason, Walter David,
578:National Magazine Award
447:Interstate Commerce Act
421:Interstate Commerce Act
25:Dovey Johnson Roundtree
1452:Spelman College alumni
1427:American women lawyers
1185:The Charlotte Observer
825:Roundtree and McCabe,
37:Roundtree pictured in
1279:, ed. Karen Clanton,
1247:Moore, Brenda L., in
1210:The AME Church Review
900:Journey from Jim Crow
887:Journey From Jim Crow
665:Journey From Jim Crow
642:Mary Schmidt Campbell
592:, which won the 2022
160:doveyjohnsonroundtree
1303:Congressional Record
750:Congressional Record
467:' campaign prompted
345:Executive Order 9981
1315:, February 4, 1995.
1312:The Washington Post
1293:Sims-Wood, Janet. '
1258:, published by the
1237:, November 6, 1977.
1205:, December 8, 1997.
1202:The Washington Post
1193:The Washington Post
1177:The Washington Post
1167:Bradlee, Benjamin.
1120:. January 16, 2023.
1098:on October 18, 2009
977:www.rkhplawfirm.com
973:"Attorney Profiles"
960:The Washington Post
786:on December 3, 2010
765:, February 4, 1995.
763:The Washington Post
724:The Washington Post
590:We Wait for the Sun
489:Boynton v. Virginia
308:Mary McLeod Bethune
272:Sandra Day O'Connor
216:Mary McLeod Bethune
1265:Putney, Martha S.
1079:Charlotte Observer
1057:The New York Times
1028:Voice Matters Blog
594:Coretta Scott King
528:Mary Pinchot Meyer
482:and the companion
435:separate but equal
430:Plessy v. Ferguson
385:George E. C. Hayes
357:A. Philip Randolph
244:Mary Pinchot Meyer
220:Women's Army Corps
187:separate but equal
131:(64 MCC 769 (1955)
1212:, pp. 45–55.
874:Rebels in the Law
752:, April 13, 2000.
564:Awards and honors
472:Robert F. Kennedy
377:Thurgood Marshall
197:Robert F. Kennedy
168:
167:
114:Years active
51:Dovey Mae Johnson
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1134:. June 17, 2020.
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1118:"Mighty Justice"
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516:Joyce Hens Green
497:Washington, D.C.
469:Attorney General
381:James Nabrit Jr.
255:Washington, D.C.
199:during the 1961
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915:Barnes, McCabe.
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629:Spelman College
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316:Spelman College
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248:John F. Kennedy
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93:Spelman College
89:Alma mater
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1100:. Retrieved
1096:the original
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784:the original
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704:, pp. 45-55.
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625:George Floyd
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365:Pauli Murray
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351:Legal career
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334:Army service
323:World War II
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304:Ku Klux Klan
289:
268:civil rights
264:Cicely Tyson
252:
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224:World War II
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175:civil rights
170:
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142:Award winner
126:
107:Civil rights
78:(2018-05-21)
76:May 21, 2018
18:
1372:2018 deaths
1367:1914 births
939:www.pbs.org
737:A Good Life
1361:Categories
1154:References
902:, McCabe,
842:, Putney,
549:turned 100
393:decision.
236:Georgetown
177:activist,
57:1914-04-17
1037:April 22,
735:Bradlee,
522:Ray Crump
347:in 1948.
274:, of the
242:officer)
222:) during
117:1951–1996
1077:Curtis,
1008:McCabe,
898:Barnes,
885:Barnes,
859:Putney,
838:McCabe,
685:Putney,
667:, p. 99.
663:Barnes,
461:Democrat
278:'s 2000
209:Jim Crow
179:ordained
41:in 1994
1224:GI Bill
1102:May 23,
1063:May 23,
982:May 24,
944:May 24,
872:Smith,
790:May 23,
633:Netflix
155:Website
615:Legacy
147:Spouse
67:, U.S.
652:Notes
631:from
543:Death
484:NAACP
439:NAACP
138:2000
1222:The
1104:2018
1065:2018
1039:2015
984:2018
946:2018
792:2018
635:CEO
480:Keys
476:Keys
454:Keys
383:and
162:.com
73:Died
47:Born
607:at
240:CIA
1363::
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1001:^
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55:(
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