119:
it would no doubt find a ready- sale, as all go-ahead business men want such a time-saver . . ." By streamlining their production under the guidance of Herman
Hoffmeister (1886–1930), Brunsviga was able to support mass production at reasonable cost of devices meeting market needs. The company also worked on reducing the weight and dimensions of their final product to facilitate the dispatch by launching miniature series (A,B and J) or other compact models such as the Brunsviga 13, allowing them as well to reduce selling prices. Simultaneously, in the early 1920s, numerous sectors such as Insurance companies, Statistics, Geodesy, Astronomy or Engineering implemented the use of the calculating machine into their calculation processes. Even more broadly, every sector with a requirement for precise calculation processes found itself in need of calculating machines. The brutal population growth and even bigger demands in the matter of economical calculation required such calculations to be done quickly and at rational costs.
28:
128:
36:
77:
executives of the German's sewing machine firm Grimme & Natalis bought Odhner's patent for his device. His intention was to use the same production tools for both sewing and calculating machines. The patent included distribution rights in
Germany, Belgium and Switzerland and the calculating machines were launched under the brand's name "Brunsviga", in reference to the city of
90:
89 German patents and 152 of other countries' were filed based on his inventions. Some machines were now able to perform simultaneously multiple operations (not more than three), as did the Trinks-Triplex, launched shortly before World War I whose 19 typing levers could display results as long as 20 numbers.
89:
The first device, the "A" type, was launched in July 1892 under the name
Brunsviga and resembled Odhner's devices. Multiple modifications to its design as well as capabilities were made afterwards by the engineer Franz Trinks, who was then head executive of Brunsvinga. In the twenty years to follow,
135:
The market penetration of the brand was accompanied by the filing of numerous patents. Before 1915, Germany alone accounted for more than a hundred patents, and 200 others were filed internationally. In 1906, Brunsviga's sales agents were based in London, Paris, Stockholm, Conception, Buenos Aires,
118:
In 1872, in a specialized journal, the conditions for calculating machines to meet market needs were written as follows: "If a reliable calculating machine could be manufactured to retail at a low price, say five dollars, with which addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division could be done,
76:
In 1878, as he tried to expand his business, Odhner partnered with Karl Königsberger, a commercial advisor and merchant in the guild of Saint-Petersburg. The latter filed patents in numerous countries including
Germany with the German patent n° 7393.11 on November 19th 1878. In 1892, one of the top
216:
took full control of
Brunsviga Maschinenwerke AG. Shortly after, in 1962, most of the existing models (11S, 11E, 16E, 13BR, 18 RK, D 18 R, D13 R/1 D13 R2) saw their production stopped. The only ones remaining on the market up until 1963 were the 13RK, B20 and B183. The 13RM from the old range
104:
employed a thousand people. Between 1926 and 1930, after launching Nova and type 13, 40,000 devices were produced equalling the production in numbers of nearly 30 years between 1892 and 1921. According to Peter
Faulstich in his article, the name Brunsviga was used for fifty years to refer to
659:
217:
remained available up until 1964. The RT4 (1970–1971), which was made in Spain, was the last device launched by
Olympia, but as a limited edition numbering only around 1500 copies. In 1972, Olympia stopped for good the production of mechanical calculating devices.
46:
is a calculating machine company whose history goes back to 1892 with devices upgrading from mechanical to electrical thereafter. The firm Grimme & Natalis that manufactured the machines changed their name to
Brunsviga Maschinenwerke A.G. in 1927.
652:
167:
for instance, showed an image of a worker with his
Brunsviga. Artists too were sought to publish in the monthly company magazine. For the twenty year's anniversary of Brunsviga in 1912, a brochure was published under the title
293:(de) Jasmin Ramm-Ernst, Stahlgehirne : Mechanische Rechenmaschinen als eine neue Form von Technik (ca. 1850–1930) am Beispiel des Fabrikats Brunsviga, Stuttgart, Deutscher Apotheker, 2015, 283 p. (ISBN 978-3-7692-6531-6)
180:(1860–1934) took care of the illustrations. Lastly, the writer Abraham Halberthal (1881–1969), under the pseudonym A. Halbert, published short stories in the company monthly magazine to present the calculating machine.
93:
The launch of the
Brunsviga Novas occurred around 1925, the same year as that of the Brunsviga 13. In 1929, Franz Trinks developed his last model, the Brunsviga Dupla, which happened to be electrical. He died in 1931.
236:(de) Brunsviga-Gesichte 1892-1912 : 20 Jahre Rechenmaschinenfabrikation. 20 000 Brunsviga Rechenmaschinen verkauft 20000, Braunschweig, 1912., Moos am Bodensee, Verlag Greis, 2020, 36 p. (ISBN 978-3-941937-36-9)
59:(1845–1905), a Swedish engineer who emigrated to Russia for work purposes in 1868 or 1869 after having studied mechanics at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. Odhner was hired by his fellow Swede
67:
covered mechanical calculating devices that were able to perform all the four arithmetic operations. Odhner improved and simplified the expensive devices by implementing a different transmission system.
136:
São Paulo and Johannesburg. The company now had branch offices in the Netherlands and in Denmark. In 1931, adding to the 30 offices in Germany, 90 more opened their doors in foreign countries
429:
462:
63:(Albert Nobel's brother) who was the head of an arms factory. His job there was to fix the so-called Thomas Arithmometers, named after their designer in the 1820s. The term
691:
723:
176:
later republished it as a short story. The painter and graphist from Brunswick, Karl Bock (1873–1940), created the cover of the brochure while Austrian artist
311:
718:
492:
145:
163:
Alongside marketing strategies, the firm made use of specialized magazines as well as the press to promote the use of calculating machines: the
583:
254:
421:
635:
152:
In 1909, the company introduced the tagline "the brain of steel" alongside an illustration from fellow Brunswick native mathematician
450:
371:
97:
In 1952 60 years after the first model, 60 different types were available on the market and the firm accounted for 265.000 sales.
683:
728:
400:
173:
304:
56:
177:
201:
101:
484:
250:
127:
27:
559:
153:
607:
Stouffer, Samuel A. (1958). "Karl Pearson - An Appreciation on the 100th Anniversary of his Birth".
544:
164:
160:(1885–1954) chose to modify the drawing of the head, and the tagline read "calculate everything".
35:
575:
631:
567:
157:
144:
363:
563:
348:
Peter, Faulstich. "Brunsviga (1892–1959). Mechanische Rechenmaschinen als Welterfolg".
712:
579:
213:
193:
189:
78:
64:
60:
200:. Some Brunsviga machines can also be found in museums such as the model C at the
197:
17:
392:
192:
used it at the very beginning of his work on nuclear chain reaction, also
455:
The Manufacturer and Builder: A Practical Journal of Industrial Progress
571:
55:
The Brusvinga device finds its roots in the arithmometer developed by
489:
Mon Bureau, le Magazine de l'Organisation Commerciale et Industrielle
143:
126:
34:
26:
184:
Notable scientists and collectors using the Brunsviga machine
393:"Cris' site on antique mechanical four-species calculators"
485:"Documentation générale sur l'outillage du Bureau moderne"
188:
Many scientists worked with the Brunsviga. Amongst them,
532:. Waldorf-Astoria Zigarettenfabrik AG (published 1913).
81:, where the firm Grimme & Natalis was based.
653:"On the Dynamics of Exploited Fish Populations"
609:Journal of the American Statistical Association
461:. New York: Western & Company: 264. 1872.
364:"Brunsviga Trinks-Triplex Calculating Machine"
204:. The Henri Poincaré Institute also owns one.
123:A dense and international distribution network
688:rechnen-ohne-strom - historische Rechenhilfen
305:"The Life and Works of W.T. Odhner (part II)"
8:
251:"The Life and Works of W.T. Odhner (Part I)"
226:
724:Electromechanical calculator companies
350:Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte
170:When calculating machines have a heart
85:Types of Brunsviga calculating devices
530:Als die Rechenmaschine ein Herz bekam
7:
528:Müller-Partenkirchen, Fritz (1927).
343:
341:
339:
337:
335:
333:
331:
289:
287:
285:
283:
281:
279:
277:
275:
273:
271:
244:
242:
232:
230:
114:An adequate response to market needs
140:Some efficient marketing strategies
131:Maquina-de-calcular Brunsviga, 1912
628:Methods in Computational Chemistry
156:. In the late 1920s, the graphist
31:Brunsviga 15 Mechanical Calculator
25:
148:Brunsviga tagline, Brain of Steel
513:"Talks with the Brunsviga Man".
303:Leipälä, Timo (September 2003).
249:Leipälä, Timo (September 2003).
719:Mechanical calculator companies
694:from the original on 2024-01-06
665:from the original on 2023-04-28
589:from the original on 2024-01-12
545:"Scientific Uses of the MANIAC"
495:from the original on 2024-01-12
465:from the original on 2024-04-23
432:from the original on 2024-01-13
403:from the original on 2024-01-13
374:from the original on 2024-01-13
317:from the original on 2011-06-28
257:from the original on 2023-05-21
651:Beverton, Raymond J.H.; Holt.
552:Journal of Statistical Physics
483:Geoffroy, L. (October 1928) .
39:Original Odhner-Arithmos-Typ-5
1:
630:. Springer (published 1987).
102:Brunsviga Maschinenwerke AG
745:
426:www.arithmeum.uni-bonn.de
626:Wilson, Stephen (2013).
57:Willgodt Theophil Odhner
543:Anderson, H.L. (1986).
515:The Manchester Guardian
491:. Booklet176: 475–476.
352:(37 Jahre H2): 101–114.
451:"Calculating Machines"
368:americanhistory.si.edu
196:, Stephen Wilson' and
149:
132:
105:calculating machines.
40:
32:
684:"Brunsviga / Olympia"
212:In 1959, the company
147:
130:
38:
30:
729:Companies of Germany
154:Carl Friedrich Gauss
564:1986JSP....43..731A
397:www.crisvandevel.de
165:Manchester Guardian
109:Reasons for success
572:10.1007/BF02628301
150:
133:
41:
33:
422:"Brunsviga Dupla"
16:(Redirected from
736:
703:
702:
700:
699:
680:
674:
673:
671:
670:
664:
657:
648:
642:
641:
623:
617:
616:
604:
598:
597:
595:
594:
588:
549:
540:
534:
533:
525:
519:
518:
510:
504:
503:
501:
500:
480:
474:
473:
471:
470:
447:
441:
440:
438:
437:
418:
412:
411:
409:
408:
389:
383:
382:
380:
379:
360:
354:
353:
345:
326:
325:
323:
322:
316:
309:
300:
294:
291:
266:
265:
263:
262:
246:
237:
234:
172:, whose author,
21:
744:
743:
739:
738:
737:
735:
734:
733:
709:
708:
707:
706:
697:
695:
682:
681:
677:
668:
666:
662:
655:
650:
649:
645:
638:
625:
624:
620:
606:
605:
601:
592:
590:
586:
547:
542:
541:
537:
527:
526:
522:
512:
511:
507:
498:
496:
482:
481:
477:
468:
466:
449:
448:
444:
435:
433:
420:
419:
415:
406:
404:
391:
390:
386:
377:
375:
362:
361:
357:
347:
346:
329:
320:
318:
314:
307:
302:
301:
297:
292:
269:
260:
258:
248:
247:
240:
235:
228:
223:
210:
186:
178:August Mandlick
158:Günther Clausen
142:
125:
116:
111:
87:
74:
53:
23:
22:
18:Draft:Brunsviga
15:
12:
11:
5:
742:
740:
732:
731:
726:
721:
711:
710:
705:
704:
675:
643:
637:978-1489919854
636:
618:
599:
535:
520:
505:
475:
442:
413:
384:
355:
327:
295:
267:
238:
225:
224:
222:
219:
209:
206:
185:
182:
141:
138:
124:
121:
115:
112:
110:
107:
86:
83:
73:
70:
52:
49:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
741:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
716:
714:
693:
690:(in German).
689:
685:
679:
676:
661:
654:
647:
644:
639:
633:
629:
622:
619:
615:(281): 23–27.
614:
610:
603:
600:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
546:
539:
536:
531:
524:
521:
516:
509:
506:
494:
490:
486:
479:
476:
464:
460:
456:
452:
446:
443:
431:
427:
423:
417:
414:
402:
398:
394:
388:
385:
373:
369:
365:
359:
356:
351:
344:
342:
340:
338:
336:
334:
332:
328:
313:
306:
299:
296:
290:
288:
286:
284:
282:
280:
278:
276:
274:
272:
268:
256:
252:
245:
243:
239:
233:
231:
227:
220:
218:
215:
214:Olympia Werke
207:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
183:
181:
179:
175:
171:
166:
161:
159:
155:
146:
139:
137:
129:
122:
120:
113:
108:
106:
103:
98:
95:
91:
84:
82:
80:
71:
69:
66:
62:
58:
50:
48:
45:
37:
29:
19:
696:. Retrieved
687:
678:
667:. Retrieved
646:
627:
621:
612:
608:
602:
591:. Retrieved
558:(5–6): 732.
555:
551:
538:
529:
523:
514:
508:
497:. Retrieved
488:
478:
467:. Retrieved
458:
454:
445:
434:. Retrieved
425:
416:
405:. Retrieved
396:
387:
376:. Retrieved
367:
358:
349:
319:. Retrieved
298:
259:. Retrieved
211:
194:Karl Pearson
190:Enrico Fermi
187:
174:Fritz Müller
169:
162:
151:
134:
117:
99:
96:
92:
88:
79:Braunschweig
75:
65:arithmometer
61:Ludvig Nobel
54:
43:
42:
202:Smithsonian
198:Sydney Holt
713:Categories
698:2024-01-23
669:2024-01-21
593:2024-01-21
517:: 7. 1911.
499:2024-01-21
469:2024-01-21
436:2024-01-23
407:2024-01-23
378:2024-01-23
321:2024-01-23
261:2024-01-21
221:References
72:Beginnings
580:122676398
100:In 1952,
44:Brunsviga
692:Archived
660:Archived
584:Archived
493:Archived
463:Archived
430:Archived
401:Archived
372:Archived
312:Archived
255:Archived
560:Bibcode
208:Decline
51:Origins
634:
578:
663:(PDF)
656:(PDF)
587:(PDF)
576:S2CID
548:(PDF)
315:(PDF)
308:(PDF)
632:ISBN
568:doi
715::
686:.
658:.
613:53
611:.
582:.
574:.
566:.
556:43
554:.
550:.
487:.
457:.
453:.
428:.
424:.
399:.
395:.
370:.
366:.
330:^
310:.
270:^
253:.
241:^
229:^
701:.
672:.
640:.
596:.
570::
562::
502:.
472:.
459:4
439:.
410:.
381:.
324:.
264:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
