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of the roadway, with plantings designed throughout the area. An emphasis on non-curbed sidewalks allows water to flow more freely into the areas of permeable surface on the side of the streets. Because of the plantings, the run off water from the urban area does not all directly go into the ground, but can also be absorbed into the surrounding environment. Monitoring conducted by
Seattle Public Utilities reports a 99 percent reduction of storm water leaving the drainage project.
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Public
Utilities created a pilot program called Street Edge Alternatives Project. The project focuses on designing a system "to provide drainage that more closely mimics the natural landscape prior to development than traditional piped systems". The streets are characterized by ditches along the side
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production. Soils that are otherwise excellent may be waterlogged for a week of the year, which is sufficient to kill fruit trees and cost the productivity of the land until replacements can be established. In each of these cases appropriate drainage carries off temporary flushes of water to prevent
662:
production requires complete control of water, as fields need to be flooded or drained at different stages of the crop cycle. The
Netherlands has also led the way in this type of drainage, not only to drain lowland along the shore, but actually pushing back the sea until the original nation has been
499:
Drainage in planters refers to the implementation of effective drainage systems specifically designed for plant containers or pots. Proper drainage is crucial in planters to prevent waterlogging and promote healthy plant growth. Planter
Drainage involves the incorporation of drainage holes, drainage
448:
Channel drainage, which intercepts water along the entire run of the channel. Channel drainage is typically manufactured from concrete, steel, polymer or composites. The interception rate of channel drainage is greater than point drainage and the excavation required is usually much less
376:(SUDS) are designed to encourage contractors to install drainage system that more closely mimic the natural flow of water in nature. Since 2010 local and neighbourhood planning in the UK is required by law to factor SUDS into any development projects that they are responsible for.
356:
Over the past 30 years, geotextile, PVC filters, and HDPE filters have become the most commonly used soil filter media. They are cheap to produce and easy to lay, with factory controlled properties that ensure long term filtration performance even in fine silty soil conditions.
478:
buildups against the wall and may cause significant damage. If the water pressure is not drained appropriately, retaining walls can bow, move, and fracture, causing seams to separate. The water pressure can also erode soil particles, leading to voids behind the wall and
352:
can be considered. The use of these materials has become increasingly more common due to their ease of use, since they eliminate the need for transporting and laying stone drainage aggregate, which is invariably more expensive than a synthetic drain and concrete liners.
504:, water accumulation, and other issues that can negatively impact plant health. By providing adequate drainage in planters, it supports optimal plant growth and contributes to the overall success of gardening or landscaping projects.
511:
Surface drains are typically used to manage runoff from paved surfaces, such as sidewalks and parking lots. Catch basins, which collect water and debris, are connected to underground pipes that carry the water away from the
382:
is a channel drainage system designed to eliminate the need for further pipework systems to be installed in parallel to the drainage, reducing the environmental impact of production as well as improving water collection.
445:(points). Gullies connect to drainage pipes beneath the ground surface, so deep excavation is required to facilitate this system. Support for deep trenches is required in the shape of planking, strutting or shoring.
305:
applications. Geotextiles are designed to retain fine soil particles while allowing water to pass through. In a typical drainage system, they would be laid along a trench which would then be filled with coarse
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drainage considered during their construction. Typical retaining walls are constructed of impermeable material, which can block the path of groundwater. When groundwater flow is obstructed, hydrostatic
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will pass water very slowly downward, meanwhile plant roots suffocate because the excessive water around the roots eliminates air movement through the soil.
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pumps and agreements between regional authorities. The elimination of the lake occurred between 1849 and 1852, creating thousands of km of new land.
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457:(polymer, plastic, steel or iron) or a single slot (slot drain) that run along the ground surface (typically manufactured from steel or iron).
731:
658:, United States. After periods of high rainfall, drainage pumps are employed to prevent damage to the citrus groves from overly wet soils.
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in the 15th century permitted drainage of some of the marginal land, but the final drainage of the lake had to await the design of large,
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channel, PVC and HDPE are all materials available for slot drainage which have become industry standards on construction projects.
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is responsible for drainage in construction projects. During the construction process, they set out all the necessary levels for
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seeps through the geotextile and flows through the stone to an outfell. In high groundwater conditions a perforated plastic (
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Subsurface drains, on the other hand, are designed to manage water that seeps into the soil beneath the planting surface.
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519:, which are gravel-filled trenches with perforated pipes at the bottom, are the most common type of subsurface drain.
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layers, or specialized drainage systems to ensure excess water can escape from the planter. This helps to prevent
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from passing into and clogging the drain. Geotextiles are synthetic textile fabrics specially manufactured for
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after a heavy rain. Protuberances create turbulent water, preventing sediment from settling in the channel.
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713:, and one would not consider drainage necessary. However, irrigation water always contains minerals and
430:, and the general workforce, as well as subcontractors. Typically, most jurisdictions have some body of
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or relatively impervious rock layers may underlie shallow soils. Drainage is especially important in
334:) pipe is laid along the base of the drain to increase the volume of water transported in the drain.
110:
372:
Drainage has undergone a large-scale environmental review in the recent past in the United
Kingdom.
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1513:
721:. Irrigated land may need periodic flushes with excessive irrigation water and drainage to control
322:. The geotextile is then folded over the top of the stone and the trench is then covered by soil.
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and must have drainage improvements if they are to be used for agriculture. An example is the
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491:. To prevent soil erosion, geotextile filter fabrics are installed with the drainage system.
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967:"Broadside eulogy dedicated to Patrick, Earl of Marchmount, Sir Hugh Dalrymple, and others"
272:
The invention of hollow-pipe drainage is credited to Sir Hugh
Dalrymple, who died in 1753.
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In moist climates, soils may be adequate for cropping with the exception that they become
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The largest project of this type in the world has been in process for centuries in the
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had access to water and drainage facilities. Waste water was directed to covered
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to govern to what degree a landowner can alter the drainage from their parcel.
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need artificial drainage to improve production or to manage water supplies.
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in the above soil. Traditional retaining wall drainage systems can include
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The surface opening of channel drainage usually comes in the form of
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Alternatively, a prefabricated plastic drainage system made of
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from an area with excess water. The internal drainage of most
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is the natural or artificial removal of a surface's water and
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Drainage options for the construction industry include:
422:
Civil engineers and construction managers work alongside
579:, which are primarily used for high value crops such as
241:
and drainage systems. All houses in the major cities of
204:(anaerobic conditions that harm root growth), but many
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gradually caused the formation of one large lake, the
268:, a historical drain in the City of Sydney, Australia
969:. National Library of Scotland Digital Gallery. 1705
625:, or lake of Haarlem. The invention of wind-powered
26:"Land drainage" redirects here. For other uses, see
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102:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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992:"Street Edge Alternatives (SEA Streets) Project"
606:times, swampland and small lakes. Turf cutting (
717:, which can be concentrated to toxic levels by
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825:Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance
285:New storm water drainage systems incorporate
8:
1019:"4 Expert Tips for Perfect Planter Drainage"
555:. In the northern United States and Europe,
507:Drainage options for the planter include:
46:It has been suggested that this article be
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441:Point drainage, which intercepts water at
1330:: Saltmod coupled to a groundwater model
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984:
945:. Rainbird Publishers. pp. 176–178.
941:The Encyclopedia of Ancient Civilisations
536:An agricultural drainage channel outside
162:Learn how and when to remove this message
643:may have seasonally or permanently high
571:. Some of these were drained using open
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551:soils may need drainage to be used for
837:, who introduced land drainage to the
289:filters that retain and prevent fine
16:Removal of water from an area of land
7:
689:layer of mineralized soil, called a
100:adding citations to reliable sources
465:Earth retaining structures such as
1029:from the original on June 30, 2023
670:for brief periods each year, from
374:Sustainable urban drainage systems
341:, often incorporating geotextile,
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850:Potable cold and hot water supply
253:, which lined the major streets.
1147:Irrigation environmental impacts
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709:Drier areas are often farmed by
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860:Sewage traps, drains, and vents
815:Drainage system (geomorphology)
678:. Soils that are predominantly
528:Reasons for artificial drainage
87:needs additional citations for
877:Sewage collection and disposal
28:Land drainage (disambiguation)
1:
1180:Drainage system (agriculture)
1107:Agricultural water management
1067:The dictionary definition of
810:Drainage system (agriculture)
1223:Hydrological transport model
563:which gradually filled with
395:In the construction industry
426:and supervisors, planners,
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1251:Groundwater energy balance
743:Bankstown, New South Wales
25:
19:For the medical term, see
18:
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1301:Agro-hydro-salinity group
361:21st century alternatives
303:environmental engineering
235:Indus Valley Civilization
200:soils can prevent severe
179:High-density polyethylene
63:Proposed since June 2024.
1328:SahysMod polygonal model
1323:SaltMod integrated model
1228:Runoff model (reservoir)
937:Arthur Coterell (1980).
685:Other soils may have an
1308:Hydrology (agriculture)
559:created numerous small
415:and sewers involved in
181:pipe installation in a
1261:Hydraulic conductivity
884:by subsurface drainage
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225:Remains of a drain at
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1318:Leaching model (soil)
1313:Soil salinity control
1142:Irrigation management
1137:Irrigation statistics
882:Soil salinity control
763:Building construction
575:and trenches to make
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257:18th and 19th century
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21:Incision and drainage
1205:Surface water/runoff
1059:at Wikimedia Commons
96:improve this article
1282:Acid sulphate soils
1157:Subsurface drainage
741:A typical drain in
674:melt or from heavy
654:-growing region of
590:. The area between
1218:Hydrological model
1185:Watertable control
1122:Surface irrigation
918:Watertable control
908:Trencher (machine)
773:Drain commissioner
719:evapotranspiration
663:greatly enlarged.
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469:also need to have
461:In retaining walls
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1256:Groundwater model
1213:Contour trenching
1195:Drainage by wells
1190:Drainage research
1175:Drainage equation
1055:Media related to
1025:. 15 April 2023.
913:Urban exploration
805:Drainage research
800:Drainage equation
789:Drainage by wells
487:, drain pipes or
308:granular material
276:Current practices
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113: –
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107:Find sources:
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85:This article
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1494:Construction
1479:Architecture
1475:
1417:
1292:Saline soils
1287:Alkali soils
1156:
1069:
1031:. Retrieved
1022:
1000:the original
995:
971:. Retrieved
961:
940:
932:
903:Trench drain
796:or watershed
785:or watershed
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684:
665:
645:water tables
641:river deltas
635:
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432:drainage law
421:
419:operations.
417:construction
411:, drainage,
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247:Mohenjo-daro
232:
202:waterlogging
198:agricultural
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94:Please help
89:verification
86:
62:
51:
1458:Storm drain
1428:Interchange
1238:Groundwater
996:Seattle.gov
888:Storm drain
867:Rain gutter
745:, Australia
668:waterlogged
604:prehistoric
588:Netherlands
553:agriculture
495:In planters
471:groundwater
324:Groundwater
318:, stone or
281:Geotextiles
266:Tank Stream
183:storm drain
53:Storm drain
1534:Categories
1519:Urban park
1499:Playground
1423:Footbridge
1266:Watertable
1114:Irrigation
925:References
893:Stormwater
711:irrigation
698:damage to
695:tree fruit
687:impervious
615:subsidence
581:vegetables
557:glaciation
489:weep holes
424:architects
343:coco fiber
316:sea shells
287:geotextile
122:newspapers
111:"Drainage"
1476:See also:
830:Hydrology
758:Bar ditch
704:perennial
649:flatwoods
592:Amsterdam
577:mucklands
481:sinkholes
366:Seattle's
1540:Drainage
1443:Pipeline
1438:Overpass
1418:Drainage
1408:Causeway
1345:Sand dam
1070:drainage
1057:Drainage
1027:Archived
845:Plumbing
751:See also
602:was, in
567:to make
502:root rot
455:gratings
413:culverts
389:concrete
239:sewerage
190:Drainage
1514:Theatre
1509:Stadium
1033:July 1,
973:5 April
706:crops.
691:hardpan
656:Florida
619:erosion
596:Haarlem
573:ditches
569:marshes
549:Wetland
443:gullies
350:filters
243:Harappa
212:History
136:scholar
58:Discuss
1504:Public
1463:Tunnel
1453:Skyway
1398:Bridge
949:
700:annual
652:citrus
611:mining
600:Leiden
538:Magome
312:gravel
291:grains
227:Lothal
138:
131:
124:
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109:
48:merged
1484:Arena
1433:Levee
1403:Canal
1165:Ditch
715:salts
676:rains
565:humus
561:lakes
542:Japan
512:site.
449:deep.
405:roads
299:civil
206:soils
143:JSTOR
129:books
50:into
1448:Road
1035:2023
975:2015
947:ISBN
680:clay
672:snow
660:Rice
639:and
608:peat
598:and
399:The
339:HDPE
320:rock
301:and
295:soil
245:and
237:had
233:The
115:news
1413:Dam
702:or
613:),
347:rag
345:or
330:or
328:PVC
293:of
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