231:, Singer and Grismaijer claim to have examined the bra-wearing attitudes and behaviors of over 4,700 US women in 5 major cities, and that half of the women questioned had had breast cancer. Women who had had breast cancer were asked about their bra-wearing habits prior to their diagnosis of cancer. The data presented in the book have never been published in a
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found "no aspect of bra wearing, including bra cup size, recency, average number of hours a day worn, wearing a bra with an underwire, or age first began regularly wearing a bra, was associated with risks" of breast cancer. The study included detailed studies of women's lifestyle and bra-wearing
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There is no scientifically credible evidence... and the proposed mechanism—that bras prevent elimination of toxins by blocking lymph flow—is not in line with scientific concepts of how breast cancer develops. Internet traffic on the issue is mostly inspired by one study with several
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scientific flaws, Dr. Gansler said. The study, never published in a peer-reviewed journal, did not adjust for known breast cancer risk factors that might be associated with bra-wearing behavior, like weight and age. Also, study participants knew the hypothesis before taking the survey.
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Internet and e-mail rumors and at least one book have suggested that bras cause breast cancer by obstructing lymph flow. There is no good scientific or clinical basis for this claim, and a 2014 study of more than 1,500 women found no association between wearing a bra and breast cancer
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The authors' proposal that bras block the lymphatic system which leads to accumulated toxins and cancer was likewise contradicted by scientific study. The
National Institutes of Health examined cancer rates among women who had their underarm lymph nodes removed as part of
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treatment: "The surgery, which is known to block lymph drainage from breast tissue, did not detectably increase breast cancer rates, the study found, meaning that it is extremely unlikely that wearing a bra, which affects lymph flow minimally if at all, would do so."
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and led to a buildup of fluid within the breast tissue. According to the authors, bra-induced constriction of the breast lymphatic vessels could concentrate unnamed, hypothetical toxins within the breast tissue, which might ultimately lead to cancer.
199:, leading to an increased risk of breast cancer. The book's claims are considered unfounded by the scientific community, and researchers have criticized the authors' methodology as faulty. Major medical organizations including the
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Get It Out! Eliminating the Cause of
Diverticulitis, Kidney Stones, Bladder Infections, Prostate Enlargement, Menopausal Discomfort, Cervical Dysplasia, PMS, and More
362:
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because of a purported effect on lymphatic circulation. They believed that constriction from tightly worn bras inhibited the proper functioning of the
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It's easy to see how high blood pressure has become a major medical scam. Blood pressure measurements can be whatever the doctor wants them to be.
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Get It Up! Revealing the Simple
Surprising Lifestyle that Causes Migraines, Alzheimer's, Stroke, Glaucoma, Sleep Apnea, Impotence,...and More!
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In 2000, as a follow-up to misreporting of a UK study, British health professionals stated that bras cause no increase in breast cancer risk.
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is a "major medical scam" because "blood pressure measurements can be whatever the doctor wants them to be."
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Get It Off! Understanding the Cause of Breast Pain, Cysts, and Cancer, Illustrated with A Little Breast Play
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states, "There are no scientifically valid studies that show wearing bras of any type causes breast cancer."
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Medical and scientific bodies have generally not supported the book's claims about bras and breast cancer:
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journal, and researchers identified a number of methodological flaws in the authors' claims.
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282:(US) states that bras have not been shown to increase a woman's risk of breast cancer.
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is a 1995 book by Sydney Ross Singer and Soma
Grismaijer that proposes a link between
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This article is about the 1995 nonfiction book. For the 1945 Peter
Cheyney novel, see
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The Doctor Is Out! Exposing the High Blood
Pressure, Low Thyroid and Diabetes Scams
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have found no evidence that bra-wearing increases breast-cancer risk.
342:"Your bra could kill you—and other breast cancer myths busted"
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states, "Breast implants, using antiperspirants, and wearing
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habits and found no correlation between bra use and cancer.
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Singer and
Grismaijer argued that bra-wearing might cause
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Dressed to Kill: The Link
Between Breast Cancer and Bras
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513:Singer, Sydney; Grismaijer, Soma (2001).
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438:Singer, Sydney; Grismaijer, Soma (2001).
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558:"Claims of bra link to cancer dismissed"
541:Fact Sheet on Breast Cancer Risk Factors
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606:Chen L, Malone KE, Li CI (2014).
612:Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
87:/Penguin Putnam (first edition)
580:"Don't burn your bra just yet"
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578:Stuart, Julia (2000-11-02).
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547:. Accessed July 10, 2008.
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369:. September 6, 2017
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260:menopausal symptoms
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49:First edition cover
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618:(10): 2181–2185.
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373:2018-07-16
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75:Nonfiction
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
