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70:
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280:. This process requires pressures that may reach 100 millimetres of mercury (3.9 inHg) (13.3 kPa) in humans and 450 millimetres of mercury (18 inHg) (60 kPa) in penguins. The forces required to expel the feces are generated through muscular contractions and a build-up of gases inside the gut, prompting the sphincter to relieve the pressure and release the feces.
79:
288:
After an animal has digested eaten material, the remains of that material are discharged from its body as waste. Although it is lower in energy than the food from which it is derived, feces may retain a large amount of energy, often 50% of that of the original food. This means that of all food eaten,
587:
The reason this analysis is possible at all is due to the digestive system not being entirely efficient, in the sense that not everything that passes through the digestive system is destroyed. Not all of the surviving material is recognizable, but some of it is. Generally, this material is the best
575:
of the people who produced them through the analysis of seeds, small bones, and parasite eggs found inside. Feces may contain information about the person excreting the material as well as information about the material. They also may be analyzed chemically for more in-depth information on the
375:. To maintain nutrients in soil it is therefore important that feces returns to the area from which they came, which is not always the case in human society where food may be transported from rural areas to urban populations and then feces disposed of into a river or sea.
1168:
make olfactory contact with human feces minimal. Disgust is experienced primarily in relation to the sense of taste (either perceived or imagined) and, secondarily to anything that causes a similar feeling by sense of smell, touch, or vision.
389:
Depending on the individual and the circumstances, human beings may defecate several times a day, every day, or once every two or three days. Extensive hardening of the feces that interrupts this routine for several days or more is called
2330:
595:. This reaction creates a casing of sugar that preserves the feces from the elements. To extract and analyze the information contained within, researchers generally have to freeze the feces and grind it up into powder for analysis.
432:
At different times in their life, human beings will expel feces of different colors and textures. A stool that passes rapidly through the intestines will look greenish; lack of bilirubin will make the stool look like clay.
552:
stones". They serve a valuable purpose in paleontology because they provide direct evidence of the predation and diet of extinct organisms. Coprolites may range in size from a few millimetres to more than 60 centimetres.
428:
babies expel soft, pale yellowish, and not quite malodorous matter; but once the baby begins to eat, and the body starts expelling bilirubin from dead red blood cells, its matter acquires the familiar brown color.
300:
odors from long distances. Some may specialize in feces, while others may eat other foods. Feces serve not only as a basic food, but also as a supplement to the usual diet of some animals. This process is known as
567:
excavations or surveys. Intact paleofeces of ancient people may be found in caves in arid climates and in other locations with suitable preservation conditions. These are studied to determine the
2607:
1804:
354:. Provided the seed can withstand the pathway through the digestive system, it is not only likely to be far away from the parent plant, but is even provided with its own fertilizer.
2550:
2363:
1164:
in adults. Children under two years typically have no disgust response to it, suggesting it is culturally derived. Disgust toward feces appears to be strongest in cultures where
1744:
105:
2222:
2637:
1843:
1116:– horse manure, roadapple (before motor vehicles became common, horse droppings were a big part of the rubbish communities needed to clean off roads)
2279:
2577:
1399:"Catabolic pathway for the production of skatole and indoleacetic acid by the acetogen Clostridium drakei, Clostridium scatologenes, and swine manure"
254:
The perceived bad odor of feces has been hypothesized to be a deterrent for humans, as consuming or touching it may result in sickness or infection.
1137:
783:
is also commonly used in medical contexts. Outside of scientific contexts, these terms are less common, with the most common layman's term being
2599:
2471:
2667:
2055:
1812:
1361:
1742:
Dittmar, Heinrich; Drach, Manfred; Vosskamp, Ralf; Trenkel, Martin E.; Gutser, Reinhold; Steffens, Günter (2009). "Fertilizers, 2. Types".
584:
analysis. The success rate of usable DNA extraction is relatively high in paleofeces, making it more reliable than skeletal DNA retrieval.
2542:
711:
in the dog feces helped to relax the fibrous structure of the hide before the final stages of tanning. Dog feces collectors were known as
346:. An advantage for a plant in having fruit is that animals will eat the fruit and unknowingly disperse the seed in doing so. This mode of
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and pandas are born with sterile intestines, and require bacteria obtained from eating the feces of their mothers to digest vegetation.
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indicator archaeologists can use to determine ancient diets, as no other part of the archaeological record is so direct an indicator.
1874:
2316:
2389:
2152:
704:. Collected dog feces, known as "pure", "puer", or "pewer", were mixed with water to form a substance known as "bate", because
1896:
Harhangi, HR; Le Roy, M; van Alen, T; Hu, BL; Groen, J; Kartal, B; Tringe, SG; Quan, ZX; Jetten, MS; Op; den Camp, HJ (2012).
1720:
2308:
The ghost map : the story of London's most terrifying epidemic--and how it changed science, cities, and the modern world
2061:
1559:
2214:
1584:
Meyer-Rochow, Victor Benno; Gal, Jozsef (2003). "Pressures produced when penguins pooh?calculations on avian defaecation".
350:
is highly successful, as seeds dispersed around the base of a plant are unlikely to succeed and often are subject to heavy
1961:
2629:
916:
367:, and play an important role in ecosystems by recycling organic matter back into a simpler form that plants and other
1835:
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is also in common use, although it is widely considered vulgar or offensive. There are many other terms, see below.
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305:, and occurs in various animal species such as young elephants eating the feces of their mothers to gain essential
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1318:
38:
1898:"Hydrazine synthase, a unique phylomarker with which to study the presence and biodiversity of anammox bacteria"
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The appearance of human fecal matter varies according to diet and health. Normally it is semisolid, with a
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509:
182:
2444:
2412:"Feces definition – Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms"
763:
1998:
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482:
477:
372:
166:
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2178:"Composition and properties of Indonesian palm civet coffee (Kopi Luwak) and Ethiopian civet coffee"
1654:
45:
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69:
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329:
1464:"Microbial metabolites of tryptophan in the intestinal tract with special reference to skatole"
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633:, or civet coffee, is coffee made from coffee beans that have been eaten and excreted by
243:-containing compounds), as well as amines and carboxylic acids. Skatole is produced from
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2002:
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The feces of animals often have special names (some of them are slang), for example:
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2543:"Yes, poop is gross. But that's not the only reason for its shameful social stigma"
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2215:"Elephant Dung Coffee: World's Most Expensive Brew Is Made With Pooped-Out Beans"
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1713:"Everybody poops. But here are 9 surprising facts about feces you may not know"
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A process that preserves feces in a way that they may be analyzed later is the
1985:"A Molecular Analysis of Dietary Diversity for Three Archaic Native Americans"
1953:
1605:
1397:
Whitehead, T. R.; Price, N. P.; Drake, H. L.; Cotta, M. A. (25 January 2008).
1303:
1298:
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1104:
845:"Feces" is used more in biology and medicine than in other fields (reflecting
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possess gut bacteria capable of producing biofuel. The bacterium in question,
465:
277:
263:
244:
158:
151:
2600:"The Oral History Of The Poop Emoji (Or, How Google Brought Poop To America)"
1753:
1652:
Heinrich B, Bartholomew GA (1979). "The ecology of the
African dung beetle".
1613:
1430:
540:
they give evidence about the diet of an animal. They were first described by
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2326:
2127:"Your Home Technical Manual – 3.4d Construction Systems – Mud Brick (Adobe)"
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2011:
1939:
1538:
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119:) are the solid or semi-solid remains of food that was not digested in the
289:
a significant amount of energy remains for the decomposers of ecosystems.
30:
This article is about feces in general. For specifically human feces, see
2306:
1921:
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1422:
1386:(Seventh ed.). Basle, Switzerland: CIBA-GEIGY Ltd. pp. 657–660.
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1016:
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671:
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359:
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17:
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2245:
1051:(individual) – droppings (also include urine as white crystals of
627:) huts, or even in throwing sports, especially with cow and camel dung.
292:
Many organisms feed on feces, from bacteria to fungi to insects such as
203:
is the principal compound responsible for the unpleasant smell of feces.
1182:
1161:
1093:
1058:
1043:
846:
697:
317:
232:
200:
2083:
Stokstad, Erik (28 July 2000). "Divining Diet and
Disease From DNA".
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2660:
Poop
Culture: How America Is Shaped by Its Grossest National Product
815:
78:
44:"Fecal matter" redirects here. For the American punk rock band, see
1352:(Fifth ed.). New York: Harper & Row, Publishers. p.
1136:
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1039:
983:
978:
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1989:
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896:, to diagnose the presence or absence of a medical condition, a
840:
793:
421:
402:
335:
269:
228:
143:
52:
1505:"Evidence that disgust evolved to protect from risk of disease"
1222:, and is commonly an interest of young children and teenagers.
1062:
689:
581:
371:
may absorb once again. This cycling of matter is known as the
1836:"Cars Could Run on Recycled Newspaper, Tulane Scientists Say"
2438:
420:, the first stool expelled, a newborn's feces contains only
1021:
Individual droppings – cow pats, meadow muffins, etc.
907:(with each movement a defecation event) is also common in
309:, or by other animals such as dogs, rabbits, and monkeys.
1638:
Biology, 8th
Edition, Campbell & Reece, 2008: Biology
2440:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
2047:
139:, and dead epithelial cells from the lining of the gut.
1777:
1160:
In all human cultures, feces elicit varying degrees of
1344:
Tortora, Gerard J.; Anagnostakos, Nicholas P. (1987).
1107:(usually mixed with animal bedding and urine) –
2280:"Rohm and Haas Innovation - The Leather Breakthrough"
1579:
1577:
827:; out of various major dictionaries, only one enters
678:, which is among the world's most expensive coffees.
873:
normally are used to refer to non-human animal feces
1552:Langley, Leroy Lester; Cheraskin, Emmanuel (1958).
1029:(and formerly other quarry animals) – fewmets
544:in 1829. Prior to this, they were known as "fossil
2244:
1345:
647:provide fertilizer for the world's most expensive
1983:Poinar, Hendrik N.; et al. (10 April 2001).
674:are used to digest coffee beans in order to make
357:Organisms that subsist on dead organic matter or
2282:. Rohmhaas.com. 1 September 1909. Archived from
1867:"Bacteria Eat Human Sewage, Produce Rocket Fuel"
1954:"Definition of coprolite | Dictionary.com"
823:, there is no singular form, making the word a
37:"Dog poop" redirects here. For other uses, see
1745:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
1635:Cummings, Benjamin; Campbell, Neil A. (2008).
779:is the scientific terminology, while the term
2495:"Coprophagy in nineteenth-century psychiatry"
1805:"Panda Poop Might Help Turn Plants Into Fuel"
1129:Sign ordering owners to clean up after pets,
686:is a brand of paper made from elephant dung.
682:is also made from elephant dung in Thailand.
131:. Feces contain a relatively small amount of
27:Solid or semisolid remains of undigested food
8:
900:sometimes is requested for testing purposes.
512:, can be used to synthesize the rocket fuel
338:also may be found in feces. Animals who eat
165:in agriculture. They can also be burned as
2352:Ramachandran, Smriti Kak (19 March 2015).
1468:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
1339:
1337:
1335:
819:meaning "dregs". In most English-language
2518:
2354:"Cow dung, urine can cure cancer: BJP MP"
2208:
2206:
2020:
2010:
1929:
1528:
1479:
1438:
737:are major ingredients of the traditional
1503:Curtis V, Aunger R, Rabie T (May 2004).
1462:Yokoyama, M. T.; Carlson, J. R. (1979).
1382:Diem, K.; Lentner, C. (1970). "Faeces".
316:light, are important to raptors such as
2499:Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease
1834:Ray, Kathryn Hobgood (25 August 2011).
1331:
857:In hunting and tracking, terms such as
497:, is burned as fuel in many countries.
424:, which gives it a yellow-green color.
413:, gives feces the typical brown color.
2447:from the original on 25 September 2015
1403:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
1377:
1375:
1373:
615:Animal dung occasionally is used as a
2474:from the original on 19 February 2012
2466:Steven Dowshen, MD (September 2011).
2418:from the original on 11 November 2013
2225:from the original on 3 September 2017
1803:Handwerk, Brian (11 September 2013).
1723:from the original on 17 November 2019
1711:Stromberg, Joseph (22 January 2015).
1641:(8th ed.). Pearson. p. 890.
177:uses have been found. In the case of
135:products such as bacterially altered
112:
7:
2640:from the original on 30 October 2016
2493:Moore, Alison M. (8 November 2018).
2265:participating institution membership
1964:from the original on 9 November 2020
1348:Principles of anatomy and physiology
915:There are many synonyms in informal
849:'s tradition of classical Latin and
655:, tea is made from the droppings of
576:individual who excreted them, using
2366:from the original on 1 October 2019
2158:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1865:Handwerk, Brian (9 November 2005).
919:for feces, just like there are for
2580:from the original on 31 March 2019
2392:from the original on 11 March 2019
2064:from the original on 1 August 2020
1877:from the original on 13 March 2020
1784:from the original on 13 March 2021
1676:10.1038/scientificamerican1179-146
1562:from the original on 1 August 2020
1100:(feces extruded at ground surface)
941:), whereas most belong chiefly to
324:and thus find their prey by their
223:contributes to the smell of feces.
25:
2610:from the original on 3 April 2018
2574:"Why do humans hate poo so much?"
2553:from the original on 31 July 2020
2333:from the original on 4 March 2022
1846:from the original on 4 March 2022
888:is a common term in reference to
268:Feces are discharged through the
142:Feces are discharged through the
2687:
2400:– via The Free Dictionary.
1232:
77:
68:
2414:. Medterms.com. 19 March 2012.
829:variation from plural agreement
312:Feces and urine, which reflect
2662:. United States: Feral House.
2630:"America Needs its own Emojis"
2628:Darlin, Damon (7 March 2015),
2468:"Stool Test: Bacteria Culture"
1885:– via wildsingapore.com.
1065:(large accumulations) –
1005:Individually – droppings
189:and feces together are called
123:, and has been broken down by
1:
2511:10.1080/16512235.2018.1535737
2443:, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,
2311:. New York: Riverhead Books.
2213:Topper, R (15 October 2012).
2197:10.1016/j.foodres.2004.05.008
1002:As bulk material – dung
532:feces and is classified as a
2097:10.1126/science.289.5479.530
2437:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,
2185:Food Research International
2050:. Oxford University Press.
1692:. City of Manhattan, Kansas
456:The feces of animals, e.g.
2753:
2044:Feder, Kenneth L. (2008).
1153:
876:In husbandry and farming,
838:
751:stated that they can cure
639:Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
475:
440:
401:coating. A combination of
382:
261:
50:
43:
36:
29:
2252:Oxford English Dictionary
1606:10.1007/s00300-003-0563-3
1319:Zooplankton fecal pellets
563:, often found as part of
520:Coprolites and paleofeces
39:Dog poop (disambiguation)
2305:Johnson, Steven (2006).
2153:"Dung Throwing contests"
1902:Appl. Environ. Microbiol
1871:National Geographic News
1754:10.1002/14356007.n10_n01
772:consuming bird droppings
409:, which comes from dead
51:Not to be confused with
2257:Oxford University Press
1748:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
607:A pet waste station in
447:Human feces § Uses
247:via indoleacetic acid.
181:, fecal transplants or
2658:Praeger, Dave (2007).
2012:10.1073/pnas.061014798
1521:10.1098/rsbl.2003.0144
1218:Poop is the center of
1146:
1134:
1015:Bulk material –
987:
773:
692:feces was used in the
612:
224:
204:
169:or dried and used for
1555:The Physiology of Man
1481:10.1093/ajcn/32.1.173
1384:in: Scientific Tables
1140:
1128:
982:
943:child-directed speech
839:Further information:
809:is the plural of the
769:Cyclosia papilionaris
766:
606:
580:analysis and ancient
510:Brocadia anammoxidans
476:Further information:
215:
199:
183:fecal bacteriotherapy
157:Feces can be used as
2606:, 18 November 2014,
2176:Marcone, M. (2004).
1922:10.1128/AEM.07113-11
1423:10.1128/AEM.02458-07
931:, or both; some are
500:Animals such as the
478:Dry animal dung fuel
464:, often are used as
437:Uses of animal feces
373:biogeochemical cycle
2255:(Online ed.).
2165:on 11 October 2007.
2003:2001PNAS...98.4317P
1914:2012ApEnM..78..752H
1809:National Geographic
1690:"Document: Krestel"
1668:1979SciAm.241e.146H
1655:Scientific American
1598:2003PoBio..27...56M
1515:(Suppl 4): S131–3.
1415:2008ApEnM..74.1950W
1150:Feelings of disgust
1121:Society and culture
1103:Feces when used as
231:of feces is due to
46:Fecal Matter (band)
2634:The New York Times
2572:Goldman, Jason G.
2286:on 19 October 2012
1815:on 3 December 2019
1259:Coprophilous fungi
1147:
1135:
999:Non-human animals
988:
892:. For example, in
774:
676:Black Ivory coffee
613:
485:, such as that of
320:, who can see the
225:
205:
2737:Animal physiology
2669:978-1-932595-21-5
2505:(sup1): 1535737.
2263:(Subscription or
2091:(5479): 530–531.
2057:978-0-19-533117-2
1363:978-0-06-350729-6
1179:Pile of Poo emoji
905:bowel movement(s)
749:Shankarbhai Vegad
635:Asian palm civets
593:Maillard reaction
16:(Redirected from
2744:
2716:Article on Feces
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2161:. Archived from
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2129:. Archived from
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2014:
1997:(8): 4317–4322.
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1811:. Archived from
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1274:Fecal microbiota
1269:Excretory system
1242:
1237:
1236:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1189:
991:Feces of animals
951:palindromic word
542:William Buckland
443:Reuse of excreta
322:near ultraviolet
227:The distinctive
221:hydrogen sulfide
163:soil conditioner
114:
87:A comparison of
81:
72:
21:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
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1558:. McGraw-Hill.
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1509:Proc. Biol. Sci
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1294:Metabolic waste
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1181:represented in
1175:
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609:Tucker, Georgia
601:
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483:Dry animal dung
480:
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454:
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439:
411:red blood cells
387:
381:
286:
266:
260:
251:gives skatole.
249:Decarboxylation
210:
208:Characteristics
133:metabolic waste
129:large intestine
121:small intestine
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2681:External links
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2470:. Kidshealth.
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2191:(9): 901–912.
2168:
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2133:on 6 July 2007
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1154:Main article:
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383:Main article:
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348:seed dispersal
285:
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1166:flush toilets
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1120:
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1096:etc. –
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747:. Politician
746:
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702:Victorian era
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62:
58:
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47:
40:
33:
19:
2703:
2702:
2701:profile for
2698:
2659:
2653:
2642:, retrieved
2633:
2623:
2612:, retrieved
2604:Fast Company
2603:
2594:
2582:. Retrieved
2567:
2555:. Retrieved
2546:
2537:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2476:. Retrieved
2461:
2449:, retrieved
2439:
2432:
2420:. Retrieved
2406:
2394:. Retrieved
2380:
2370:17 September
2368:. Retrieved
2357:
2347:
2335:. Retrieved
2307:
2300:
2288:. Retrieved
2284:the original
2274:
2250:
2239:
2227:. Retrieved
2218:
2188:
2184:
2171:
2163:the original
2156:
2147:
2135:. Retrieved
2131:the original
2121:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2066:. Retrieved
2046:
2039:
1994:
1988:
1978:
1966:. Retrieved
1957:
1948:
1908:(3): 752–8.
1905:
1901:
1891:
1879:. Retrieved
1870:
1860:
1848:. Retrieved
1839:
1829:
1817:. Retrieved
1813:the original
1808:
1798:
1786:. Retrieved
1772:
1743:
1737:
1725:. Retrieved
1716:
1706:
1694:. Retrieved
1684:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1637:
1630:
1592:(1): 56–58.
1589:
1585:
1564:. Retrieved
1554:
1547:
1512:
1508:
1498:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1406:
1402:
1392:
1383:
1347:
1220:toilet humor
1217:
1207:
1199:
1176:
1173:Social media
1159:
1081:leaf beetles
1077:caterpillars
1071:Herbivorous
1036:– scat
994:
973:
969:
965:
961:
953:
946:
936:
914:
904:
898:stool sample
885:
877:
870:
866:
862:
858:
844:
814:
806:
804:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
775:
767:
742:
728:
717:
713:pure finders
712:
688:
684:Haathi Chaap
666:In northern
665:
645:Giant pandas
643:
638:
629:
614:
590:
586:
559:are ancient
555:
538:paleontology
534:trace fossil
523:
499:
481:
455:
431:
415:
396:
392:constipation
388:
365:detritivores
358:
356:
334:
311:
294:dung beetles
291:
287:
267:
253:
226:
185:are in use.
171:construction
156:
141:
116:
108:
101:
100:
61:
2478:11 February
2422:11 November
2337:21 February
2229:10 December
1840:Tulane News
1696:11 February
1314:Whale feces
1254:Coprophilia
1249:Coprophagia
1196:PILE OF POO
1177:There is a
1156:Human feces
958:crude humor
925:euphemistic
923:. Many are
909:health care
890:human feces
791:. The term
759:Terminology
744:Panchagavya
718:Elephants,
706:proteolytic
700:during the
696:process of
557:Palaeofeces
502:giant panda
385:Human feces
379:Human feces
330:territorial
314:ultraviolet
303:coprophagia
179:human feces
91:(left) and
32:Human feces
2726:Categories
2614:9 November
2290:27 October
2267:required.)
2068:3 December
1881:3 December
1850:3 December
1819:3 December
1727:3 December
1566:3 December
1326:References
1304:Sanitation
1299:Night soil
1279:Fecal plug
1210:in Japan.
1143:Kensington
1105:fertilizer
1090:Earthworms
1075:, such as
1034:carnivores
929:colloquial
882:is common.
729:In India,
631:Kopi luwak
599:Other uses
530:fossilized
466:fertilizer
452:Fertilizer
441:See also:
416:After the
369:autotrophs
344:frugivores
296:, who can
278:defecation
264:Defecation
258:Physiology
245:tryptophan
159:fertilizer
152:defecation
2359:The Hindu
1614:0722-4060
1431:0099-2240
1309:Scatology
1208:unchi-kun
1198:, called
1193:💩
1053:uric acid
960:(such as
945:(such as
935:(such as
917:registers
903:The term
871:droppings
851:Neo-Latin
805:The word
801:Etymology
735:cow urine
672:elephants
649:green tea
546:fir cones
526:coprolite
514:hydrazine
407:bilirubin
352:predation
332:markers.
307:gut flora
175:medicinal
137:bilirubin
93:cow feces
18:Droppings
2638:archived
2608:archived
2578:Archived
2551:Archived
2547:Upworthy
2529:30425610
2472:Archived
2451:17 March
2445:archived
2416:Archived
2396:18 April
2390:Archived
2364:Archived
2331:Archived
2327:70483471
2223:Archived
2219:HuffPost
2113:83373644
2105:10939960
2062:Archived
2031:11296282
1968:16 March
1962:Archived
1940:22138989
1875:Archived
1844:Archived
1788:16 March
1782:Archived
1721:Archived
1622:43386022
1560:Archived
1539:15252963
1449:18223109
1264:Cow dung
1226:See also
1141:Sign in
1094:lugworms
1083:–
1059:Seabirds
1042:–
1017:cow dung
956:) or to
894:medicine
835:Synonyms
731:cow dung
668:Thailand
663:leaves.
653:Malaysia
625:mudbrick
619:to make
418:meconium
360:detritus
318:kestrels
218:molecule
125:bacteria
89:elephant
2695:Scholia
2644:1 March
2584:8 April
2576:. BBC.
2557:8 April
2520:6225515
2386:"stool"
2085:Science
1999:Bibcode
1931:3264106
1910:Bibcode
1778:"STCWA"
1664:Bibcode
1594:Bibcode
1530:1810028
1440:2268313
1411:Bibcode
1188:U+1F4A9
1183:Unicode
1162:disgust
1073:insects
1044:spraint
949:or the
933:profane
847:science
709:enzymes
698:leather
694:tanning
659:fed on
548:" and "
326:middens
284:Ecology
276:during
233:skatole
201:Skatole
191:excreta
173:. Some
150:during
127:in the
95:(right)
2697:has a
2666:
2527:
2517:
2325:
2315:
2246:"pure"
2137:9 July
2111:
2103:
2054:
2029:
2019:
1938:
1928:
1760:
1620:
1612:
1537:
1527:
1490:367144
1488:
1447:
1437:
1429:
1360:
1289:Manure
1284:Jenkem
1190:
1145:, 2024
1133:, 2011
1114:Horses
1109:manure
1011:Cattle
879:manure
869:, and
807:faeces
753:cancer
741:drink
724:koalas
720:hippos
617:cement
573:health
550:bezoar
495:cattle
472:Energy
462:manure
274:cloaca
241:sulfur
237:thiols
235:, and
148:cloaca
109:faeces
57:facies
2732:Feces
2705:Feces
2699:topic
2269:n., 6
2261:
2181:(PDF)
2109:S2CID
2022:31832
1618:S2CID
1214:Jokes
1202:unchi
1085:frass
1067:guano
1049:Birds
1040:Otter
1032:Wild
986:feces
984:Horse
921:urine
886:Stool
867:spoor
821:usage
813:word
811:Latin
781:stool
777:Feces
739:Hindu
680:Paper
661:guava
651:. In
621:adobe
578:lipid
561:feces
536:. In
506:zebra
491:bison
487:camel
458:guano
399:mucus
340:fruit
336:Seeds
298:sense
187:Urine
102:Feces
53:faces
2664:ISBN
2646:2017
2616:2016
2586:2020
2559:2020
2525:PMID
2480:2012
2453:2015
2424:2013
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