Drum kit - Knowledge (XXG)

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place. The top cymbal is mounted on a thin rod, which is inserted into the hollow cymbal stand. The thin rod is connected to a foot pedal. When the foot pedal is pressed down, it causes the thin rod to move down, causing the upper cymbal to move and strike the lower. When the foot is lifted off the pedal, the upper cymbal rises, due to the pedal's spring-loaded mechanism. The hi-hats can be sounded by striking the cymbals with one or two sticks or just by closing and opening the cymbals with the foot pedal. The ability to create rhythms on the hi-hats with the foot alone expands the drummer's ability to create sounds, as the hands are freed up to play on the drums or other cymbals. Different sounds can be created by striking "open hi-hats" (without the pedal depressed, which creates a noisy sound nicknamed "sloppy hats") or a crisp "closed hi-hats" sound (with the pedal pressed down). High hats can also be struck with the pedal partially depressed.

518: 1633:(audio monitor) system is usually fed from the electronic sounds rather than the live acoustic sounds. The drums can be heavily dampened (made to resonate less or have the sound subdued), and their tuning and quality is less critical in the latter scenario. In this way, much of the atmosphere of the live performance is retained in a large venue, but without some of the problems associated with purely microphone-amplified drums. Triggers and sensors can also be used in conjunction with conventional or built-in microphones. If some components of a kit prove more difficult to mic than others (e.g., an excessively "boomy" low tom), triggers may be used on only the more difficult instruments, balancing out a drummer's/band's sound in the mix. 1517:), to using a mix of acoustic drums/cymbals and electronic pads, to using an acoustic kit in which the drums and cymbals have triggers, which can be used to sound electronic drums and other sounds, to having an exclusively electronic kit, which is often set up with the rubber or mesh drum pads and rubber "cymbals" in the usual drum kit locations. A fully electronic kit weighs much less and takes up less space to transport than an acoustic kit and it can be set up more quickly. One of the disadvantages of a fully electronic kit is that it may not have the same "feel" as an acoustic kit, and the drum sounds, even if they are high-quality samples, may not sound the same as acoustic drums. 2690:(from a recording or from another musician who is playing or singing the song) and improvise. The degree of improvisation differs among different styles. Jazz and jazz fusion drummers may have lengthy improvised solos in every song. In rock music and blues, there are also drum solos in some songs, although they tend to be shorter than those in jazz. Drummers in all popular music and traditional music styles are expected to be able to improvise accompaniment parts to songs, once they are told the genre or style (e.g., shuffle, ballad, blues). 2622: 2585:. In live sound applications, drum shields are used so that the audio engineer can have more control over the volume of drums that the audience hears through the PA system mix, or to reduce the overall volume of the drums, as a way to reduce the overall volume of the band. In some recording studios, foam and fabric baffles are used in addition to, or in place of, clear panels. The drawback with foam/cloth baffle panels is that the drummer cannot see well other performers, the record producer, or the audio engineer. 1456: 1791: 1317: 146: 2594:

advantage), and helps to prevent damage to the flooring or floor coverings. In shows where multiple drummers will bring their kits onstage over the night, it is common for drummers to mark the location of their stands and pedals with tape, to allow for quicker positioning of a kit to a drummer's accustomed position. Bass drums and hi-hat stands commonly have retractable spikes, to help them grip surfaces such as carpet, or rubber feet, to remain stationary on hard surfaces.

1099: 1209:. The hi-hat has a similar function to the ride cymbal; the two are rarely played consistently for long periods at the same time, but one or the other is often used to keep what is known as the "ride rhythm" (e.g., eighth or sixteenth notes) in a song. The hi-hats are played by the right stick of a right-handed drummer. Changing between ride and hi-hat, or between either and a "leaner" sound with neither, is often used to mark a change from one song section to another. 972: 1493:; as such, the volume of electronic drums can be much lower than an acoustic kit. Some use electronic drums as practice instruments because they can be listened to with headphones, which enable a drummer to practice without disturbing others. Others use electronic drums to take advantage of the huge range of sounds that modern drum modules can produce, which range from sampled sounds of real drums, cymbals, and percussion instruments such as gongs or 1509:. Also, even after all the individual drum and cymbal mics are sound checked, the engineer needs to listen to the drummer play a standard groove, to check that the balance between the kit instruments is right. Finally, the engineer needs to set up the monitor mix for the drummer, which the drummer uses to hear their instruments and the instruments and vocals of the rest of the band. With a fully electronic kit, many of these steps can be eliminated. 1893:

but rock kits may use 24", fusion 20", jazz 18", and, in larger bands, up to 26". A second crash cymbal is common, typically an inch or two larger or smaller than the 16" one, with the larger of the two to the right for a right-handed drummer. A big band drummer may use crashes up to 20" and a ride up to 24" or, very rarely, 26". A rock kit may also substitute a larger ride cymbal or larger hi-hats, typically 22" for the ride and 15" for the hats.

1272: 1749: 938: 2013: 1444: 1050: 2250: 1881: 548: 36: 1812:) and often displacing the cymbal, or by adding a floor tom. Normally another cymbal is added as well, so there are separate ride and crash cymbals, either on two stands, or the ride cymbal mounted on the bass drum to the player's right and the crash cymbal on a separate stand. The standard cymbal sizes are 16" for the crash, and 18"–20", ride, with the 20" ride cymbal the most common. 1436: 859: 2378: 1985: 1473: 2607:, held on the lap, on a leg, or mounted on a stand, is used for near-silent practice with drumsticks. A set of practice pads mounted to simulate an entire drum kit is known as a practice kit. In the 2010s, these have largely been superseded by electronic drums, which can be listened to with headphones for quiet practice and by kits with non-sounding mesh heads. 1299:, are known as accent cymbals. While any cymbal can be used to provide an accent, the term is more narrowly applied to cymbals for which the main purpose is to provide an accent. Accent cymbals include chime cymbals, small-bell domed cymbals, and those cymbals with a clear sonorous/oriental chime to them, such as specialized crash, splash, and china cymbals. 2634:

hexagonal. Ratchet-type wrenches allow high-tension drums to be tuned easily. Spin keys (utilizing a ball joint) allow for rapid head changing. Torque-wrench keys are available, graphically revealing the torque given to each lug. Also, tension gauges, or meters, which are set on the head, aid drummers to achieve a consistent tuning. Drummers can tune drums "

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reduce the visual impact of a large kit, kits that need to fit into small spaces in coffeehouses, traveling kits to reduce luggage volume, and junior kits for very young players. Smaller drums also tend to be quieter, again suiting smaller venues, and many of these kits extend this with extra muffling, which allows for quiet or even silent practice.

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sounds to specific triggers. Recordings or samples of barking dogs, sirens, breaking glass, and stereo recordings of aircraft taking off and landing have all been used. Along with the more obvious electronically generated drums, there are other sounds that (depending on the device used) can also be played/triggered by electronic drums.

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drummer's sets were starting to evolve in size to support the various acts. However, by 1930, films with audio were more popular, and many were accompanied by pre-recorded soundtracks. This technological breakthrough put thousands of drummers who served as sound effects specialists out of work, with some drummers obtaining work as

1041:(four-piece, five-piece, etc.) is largely a reflection of the number of toms, as conventionally only the drums are counted, and these configurations all contain one snare and one or more bass drums, (though not regularly any standardized use of two bass/kick drums) the balance usually being made up by toms. 3124:

Information on Dodds is found in his own contemporary journals/biography "The Baby Dodds Story" – Louisiana State University Press, 1992, and from a contemporary witness – drummer George Wettling, who confirms that Dodds was the first drummer to keep the now-famous broken-triplet beat that became the

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for tuning their drums and adjusting some drum hardware. Besides the basic type of drum key (a T-handled wrench) there are various tuning wrenches and tools. Basic drum keys are divided into three types which allows for tuning of three types of tuning screws on drums: square (most used), slotted, and

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Drummers using electronic drums, drum machines, or hybrid acoustic-electric kits (which blend traditional acoustic drums and cymbals with electronic pads) typically use a monitor speaker, keyboard amplifier, or even a small PA system to hear the electronic drum sounds. Even a drummer playing entirely

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frequencies, or overall volume on a snare, bass, or tom. Controlling the ring is useful in studio or live settings when unwanted frequencies can clash with other instruments in the mix. There are internal and external muffling devices which rest on the inside or outside of the drumhead, respectively.

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If a second hanging tom is used, it is 10" diameter and 8" deep for fusion, or 13" diameter and one inch deeper than for the 12" diameter tom. Otherwise, a 14" diameter hanging tom is added to the 12", both being 8" deep. In any case, both toms are most often mounted on the bass drum with the smaller

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Trigger pads and drums, on the other hand, when deployed in a conventional set-up, are most commonly used to produce sounds not possible with an acoustic kit, or at least not with what is available. Any sound that can be sampled/recorded can be played when the pad is struck, by assigning the recorded

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Trigger sensors are most commonly used to replace the acoustic drum sounds, but they can also be used effectively with an acoustic kit to augment or supplement an instrument's sound for the needs of the session or show. For example, in a live performance in a difficult acoustical space, a trigger may

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Hi-hat cymbals (nicknamed "hats") consist of two cymbals mounted, one upside down, with their bottoms facing each other, on a hollow metal support cylinder with folding support legs that keep the support cylinder vertical. Like the bass drum, the hi-hat has a foot pedal. The bottom cymbal is fixed in

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or a double pedal on a single bass drum, which enables a drummer to play a double-bass-drum style with only one drum. This saves space in recording/performance areas and reduces time and effort during set-up, taking down, and transportation. Double bass drumming is a technique used in certain genres,

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Budget constraints and space considerations in musical theater pit orchestras led bandleaders to pressure percussionists to cover more percussion parts. Metal consoles were developed to hold Chinese tom-toms, with swing-out stands for snare drums and cymbals. On top of the console was a "contraption"

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Some drummers wear special drummer's gloves to improve their grip on the sticks when they play. Drumming gloves often have a textured grip surface made of a synthetic or rubber material and mesh or vents on the parts of the glove not used to hold sticks, to ventilate perspiration. Some drummers wear

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are used for overheads and room mics, an approach which is more common with sound recording applications. Close miking of drums may be done using stands or by mounting the microphones on the rims of the drums, or even using microphones built into the drum itself, which eliminates the need for stands

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Other kits will normally have 12" and 13" hanging toms and either a 14" hanging tom on a stand, a 14" floor tom, or a 16" floor tom. It is common to have 10" and 12" hanging toms, with a 16" floor tom. This configuration is often called a hybrid setup. The bass drum is most commonly 22" in diameter,

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performance controllers, after electronic keyboards. Drum controllers may be built into drum machines, they may be standalone control surfaces (e.g., rubber drum pads), or they may emulate the look and feel of acoustic percussion instruments. The pads built into drum machines are typically too small

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Electronic drums are used for many reasons. Some drummers use electronic drums for playing in small venues, such as coffeehouses or church services, where a very low volume for the band is desired. Since fully electronic drums do not create any acoustic sound (apart from the quiet sound of the stick

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Drum kit music is either written in music notation (called "drum parts"), learned and played by ear, improvised, or some combination of any of all three of these methods. Professional session musician drummers and big-band drummers are often required to read drum parts. Drum parts are most commonly

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to improve the bass response at the lowest frequencies. Bass drumhead patches protect the drumhead from the impact of the felt beater. Bass drum pillows are fabric bags with filling or stuffing that can be used to alter the tone or resonance of the bass drum. A less expensive alternative to using a

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that are playing in a small bar, will often just use acoustic drums. Of course, if the same small jazz groups play on the mainstage of a big jazz festival, the drums will be miced so that they can be adjusted in the sound system mix. A middle-ground approach is used by some bands that play in small

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Muffling the bass can be achieved with the same muffling techniques as for the snare, but bass drums in a drum kit are more commonly muffled by adding pillows, a sleeping bag, or other soft filling inside the drum, between the heads. Cutting a small hole in the resonant head can also produce a more

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Multiple snare drums, usually in the form of side snares. A side snare is usually positioned to the left of the drummer (opposite the floor toms and to the left of the hi hat). Side snares are used, similarly to effects cymbals, when an additional and different sound is required. Generally only one

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Although these kits may be small with respect to the number of drums used, the drums themselves are most often of normal size, or even larger in the case of the bass drum. Kits using smaller drums, in both smaller and larger configurations, are for particular uses, such as boutique kits designed to

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A three-piece drum set is the most basic set. A conventional three-piece kit consists of a bass drum, a 14"-diameter snare drum, 12"–14" hi-hats, a single 12"-diameter hanging tom, 8"–9" in depth, and a suspended 14"–18" cymbal, the latter two mounted on the bass drum. These kits were common in the

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In the 1920s, freelance drummers were hired to play at shows, concerts, theaters, and clubs to support dancers and musicians of various genres. Orchestras were hired to accompany silent films, and the drummer was responsible for providing the sound effects. Sheet music from the 1920s shows that the

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is used, while previously the bass clef was used. However, even if the bass, or no, clef is used, each line and space is assigned an instrument in the kit, rather than a pitch. In jazz, traditional music, folk music, rock music, and pop music, drummers are expected to be able to learn songs by ear

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or from cloth-backed vinyl. They give minimal protection from bumps and impacts, but they do protect drums and cymbals from precipitation. They are adequate for drums transported in private vehicles to local gigs and sessions. They are often the only option for young drummers who are just starting

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A trigger pad could contain up to four independent sensors, each of them capable of sending information describing the timing and dynamic intensity of a stroke to the drum module/brain. A circular drum pad may have only one sensor for triggering, but a 2016-era cymbal-shaped rubber pad/cymbal will

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than acoustic drums, assuming that the electronic drum module has levels that the drummer has preset in their practice room; in contrast, when an acoustic kit is sound checked, most drums and cymbals need to be mic'd and each mic needs to be tested by the drummer so its level and tone equalization

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Most drummers have a single main ride, located near their dominant hand – within easy playing reach, as it is used regularly – often a 20"–22" in diameter, but diameters of 16"–26" are not uncommon. It is usually a medium-heavy- to heavy-weight cymbal whose sound that

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Before the development of the classic drum kit, drums and cymbals used in military and orchestral music settings were played separately by different percussionists. In the 1840s, percussionists began to experiment with foot pedals as a way to enable them to play more than one instrument, but these

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The five-piece kit is the full-size kit and is the most common configuration used across various genres and styles. It adds a third tom to the four-piece kit, making for three toms in all. A fusion kit will normally add a 14" tom, either a floor tom or a hanging tom on a stand to the right of the

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12 inches in diameter and 8 inches deep would be described by Tama as 8 inches × 12 inches, but by Pearl as 12 inches × 8 inches, and a standard diameter Ludwig snare drum 5 inches deep is a 5-inch × 14-inch instrument, while the UK's Premier Manufacturer offers the same dimensions as a 14-inch ×

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Crash cymbals are usually the strongest accent markers within the kit, marking crescendos and climaxes, vocal entries, and major changes of mood, swells, and effects. A crash cymbal is often accompanied by a strong kick on the bass drum pedal, both for musical effect and to support the stroke. It

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A drum solo is an instrumental section that highlights the drums. While other instrument solos are typically accompanied by the other rhythm section instruments (e.g., bass guitar and electric guitar), for most drum solos, the band members stop playing so that all focus will be on the drummer. In

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after observing Dodds' drumming. Dodds asked Ludwig to raise the newly produced low-hat cymbal nine inches to make them easier to play, thus creating the modern hi-hat cymbal. Dodds was one of the first drummers to play the broken-triplet beat that became the standard rhythm of modern ride cymbal

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Sticks are traditionally made from wood (particularly maple, hickory, and oak), but more recently, metal, carbon fiber, and other materials have been used for sticks. The prototypical wooden drum stick was primarily designed for use with the snare drum, and optimized for playing snare rudiments.

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Some cymbals may be considered effects in some kits but "basic" in another set of components. Likewise, Ozone crashes have the same purpose as a standard crash cymbal, but are considered to be effects cymbals due to their rarity, and the holes cut into them, which provide a darker, more resonant

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is a departure from the repetitive rhythm pattern in a song. A drum fill can be used to "fill in" the space between the end of one verse and the beginning of another verse or chorus. Fills vary from a simple few strokes on a tom or snare to a distinctive rhythm played on the hi-hat, to sequences

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Some drummers arrive at the venue with their drum kit and use the mics and mic stands provided by the venue's sound engineer. Other drummers bring all their own mics, or selected mics (e.g., good-quality snare and bass drum mics), to ensure that they have good quality mics on hand. In bars and

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of acoustic drum sounds. Different drum software products offer a recording function, the ability to select from several acoustically distinctive drum kits (e.g., jazz, rock, metal), as well as the option to incorporate different songs into the session. Some computer software can turn any hard

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Drummers often bring a carpet, mats, or rugs to venues to prevent the bass drum and hi-hat stand from "crawling" (moving away) on a slippery surface, which can be caused by the drum head striking the bass drum. The carpet also reduces short reverberations (which is generally but not always an

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and dance feel. The drum kit was initially referred to as a "trap set", and from the late 1800s to the 1930s, drummers were referred to as "trap drummers". By the 1870s, drummers were using an overhang pedal. Most drummers in the 1870s preferred to do double-drumming without any pedal to play

2512:. Drummers are often given a large speaker cabinet with a 15" subwoofer to help them monitor their bass drum sound (along with a full-range monitor speaker to hear the rest of their kit). Some sound engineers and drummers prefer to use an electronic vibration system, colloquially known as a " 645:

multiple drums, rather than use an overhang pedal. Companies patented their pedal systems, such as that of drummer Edward "Dee Dee" Chandler of New Orleans in 1904 or 1905. This led to the bass drum being played by percussionists standing and using their feet, hence the term "kick drum".

1900:. Adding cymbals beyond the basic ride, hi-hats, and one-crash configuration requires more stands, in addition to the standard drum hardware packs. Because of this, many higher-cost kits for professionals are sold with little or no hardware, to allow the drummer to choose the stands and 2280:

are common objects. Also used are external clip-on muffles. Internal mufflers that lie on the inside of the drumhead are often built into a drum, but are generally considered less effective than external muffles, as they stifle the initial tone, rather than simply reducing its sustain.

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can be mounted alongside other kit components. These pads make no significant acoustic sound themselves (if not modified to do otherwise), but are used purely to trigger the electronic sounds from the "drum brain". They are played with the same drum sticks as are used on other drum kit

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Dodds' way of playing press rolls ultimately evolved into the standard jazz ride-cymbal pattern. Whereas many drummers would play very short press rolls on the backbeats, Dodds would start his rolls on the backbeats but extend each one to the following beat, providing a smoother time

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are tuned much higher than a tom of the same diameter, typically have drum shells made of metal, and are normally played with very light, thin, non-tapered sticks. Timbales are more common in Latin music. They have thin heads and a very different tone than a tom but are used by some

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kits were often offered in a five-piece kit, usually with one plastic crash cymbal trigger and one ride cymbal trigger. Fully electronic drums do not produce any acoustic sound beyond the quiet tapping of sticks on the plastic or rubber heads. Their trigger-pads are wired up to a

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Low-volume cymbals are a specialty type of cymbal, made to produce about 80% less volume than a typical cymbal. The entire surface of the cymbal is perforated by holes. Drummers use low-volume cymbals to play in small venues or as a way to practice without disturbing others.

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muffled tone, and allows the manipulation of internally placed muffling. The Evans EQ pad places a pad against the batterhead and, when struck, the pad moves off the head momentarily, then returns to rest against the head, thus reducing the sustain without choking the tone.

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Sticks come in a variety of weights and tip designs; 7N is a common jazz stick with a nylon tip, while a 5B is a common wood tipped stick, heavier than a 7N but with a similar profile, and a common standard for beginners. Numbers range from 1 (heaviest) to 10 (lightest).

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are reduced-diameter timbales designed for drum kit usage, the smaller diameter allowing for thicker heads providing the same pitch and head tension. They are recognizable in genres of the 2010s and more traditional forms of Latin, reggae, and numerous other styles.

959:. Its distinctive sound can be attributed to the bed of stiff metal wires held under tension against the bottom head (known as the snare head). When the top head (known as the batter head) is struck with a drumstick, the snare wires vibrate, creating a snappy, 1081:

Gong drums are a rare extension of a drum kit. This single-headed mountable drum appears similar to a bass drum (around 20–24 inches in diameter) but is played with sticks rather than a foot-operated pedal and therefore has the same purpose as a floor tom.

2360:. Using a sizzler is the non-destructive alternative to drilling holes in a cymbal and putting metal rivets in the holes. Another benefit of using a "sizzler" chain is that the chain is removable, with the cymbal being easily returned to its normal sound. 601:

devices would not be mass-produced for another 75 years. By the 1860s, percussionists started combining multiple drums into a kit. The bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, and other percussion instruments were all struck with hand-held drumsticks. Drummers in

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was often limited due to an insufficient amount of money able to purchase a full percussionist team. This contributed to the creation of the drum kit by developing techniques and devices that would enable one person to replace multiple percussionists.

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cannot be played with drumsticks without risking damage to the head and bearing edge, which is not protected by a metal drum rim. For use in a drum kit, they may be fitted with a metal drum head and played with sticks with care, or played by hand.

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A stick bag is the standard way for a drummer to bring drumsticks to a live performance. For easy access, the stick bag is commonly mounted on the side of the floor tom, just within reach of the drummer's right hand, for a right-handed drummer.

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several bars long that are short virtuosic drum solos. As well as adding interest and variation to the music, fills serve an important function in indicating significant changes of sections in songs as well as linking them together. A

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are usually muted with the fingers or hand, to reduce the length or volume of ringing (e.g., the cymbal choke technique which is a key part of heavy metal drumming). Cymbals can also be muted with special rubber rings or duct tape.

729:, modified the military marching setup, experimenting with playing the drum rims instead of woodblocks, hitting cymbals with sticks (which was not yet common), and adding a side cymbal above the bass drum, which became known as the 616:

was developed to enable one person to play both bass and snare drums with sticks, while the cymbals could be played by tapping the foot on a "low-boy". With this approach, the bass drum was usually played on beats one and three (in

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techniques. Once the drums are recorded, the other instruments (rhythm guitar, piano, etc.), and then vocals, are added. To ensure that the drum tempo is consistent at this type of recording, the drummer usually plays along with a

2104:, thinner and larger than the main ride, was once common as a second ride or crash/ride, even in a four-piece kit, but is now less so (jazz drummers, however, may still have two or more ride cymbals, even as part of a small kit). 1267:

consisting of one splash and one china, or more rarely a second crash, a splash, and a china, to match some of their starter packs of ride, crash, and hi-hats. However, any combination of options can be found in the marketplace.

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that mute the attached microphone when the signal is below a threshold volume. This allows the sound engineer to use a higher overall volume for the drum kit by reducing the number of "active" mics which could produce unwanted

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In jazz, using the smallest kits and at very high volumes, ride cymbals may be played with the technique and sound of a crash cymbal. Some hi-hats will also give a useful crash, particularly thinner hats or those with a severe

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can be used to extend the range of tom-toms, particularly when the drummer owns them for other musical settings; a traditional timbale is tuned far higher than a tom of the same diameter, so the result is not always the most

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Tom-tom drums, or toms for short, are drums without snares and played with sticks (or whatever tools the music style requires) and are the most numerous drums in most kits. They provide the bulk of most drum fills and solos.

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of the two next to the hi-hats (which are to the left for a right-handed drummer). These kits are particularly useful for smaller venues, where space is limited, such as coffeehouses, cafés, hotel lounges, and small pubs.

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took the idea of marching rhythms and combined the bass drum, snare drum, and "traps" – a term used to refer to the percussion instruments associated with immigrant groups, which included miniature cymbals,

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Another type of drum muffler is a piece of rubber that fits over the entire drumhead or cymbal. It interrupts contact between the stick and the head, which dampens the sound. They are typically used in practice settings.

2328:. Drums have also been used for therapy and learning purposes, such as when an experienced player will sit with a number of students and by the end of the session have all of them relaxed and playing complex rhythms. 2449:

can adjust the levels of the drums and cymbals, some bands that play quieter genres of music and in small venues, such as coffeehouses, play acoustically, without mics or PA amplification. Small jazz groups, such as

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5-inch snare. The sizes of drums and cymbals given below are typical. Many instruments differ slightly or radically from them. Where no size is given, it is because there is too much variety to give a typical size.

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Drum kits are traditionally categorized by the number of drums, ignoring cymbals and other instruments. Snare, tom-tom, and bass drums are always counted; other drums, such as octobans, may or may not be counted.

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Drummers use a variety of accessories when practicing. Metronomes and beat counters are used to develop a sense of a steady beat. Drum muffling pads may be used to lessen the volume of drums during practicing. A

891:, in which both sticks are held the same way, which is considerably more popular among younger generations of drummers these days, and even some older drummers who may have been in a band in the 80s and so forth. 838:

some drum solos, the other rhythm section instrumentalists may play "punches" at certain points – sudden, loud chords of short duration. Drum solos are common in jazz but are also used in several

1964:. Some rockabilly kits and beginner kits for very young players omit the hi-hat stand. In rockabilly, this allows the drummer to play standing rather than seated. A very simple jazz kit for informal or amateur 2237:(known to kit drummers as "soft sticks") may be used. It is not uncommon for rock drummers to use the "wrong" (butt) end of a stick for a heavier sound; some makers produce tipless sticks with two butt ends. 1566:

are sensors that can be attached to acoustic drum kit components. In this way, an electronic drum sound will be produced when the instrument is played/struck, as well as the original acoustic sound, if so

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Drummers' usage of electronic drum equipment can range from adding a single electronic pad to an entire drum kit (e.g., to have access to an instrument that might otherwise be impractical, such as a large

2516:" or "throne thumper" to monitor the bass drum, because this lowers the stage volume. With a "butt shaker", the "thump" of each bass drum strike causes a vibration in the drum stool; this way the drummer 1128:

were brought to market to provide entry-level cymbals for the novice drummer. The kits normally contain four cymbals: one ride, one crash, and a pair of hi-hats. Some contain only three cymbals, using a

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bass drum; in either case, making the tom lineup 10", 12" and 14". Having three toms enables drummers to have high-, middle-, and low-pitched toms, which gives them more options for fills and solos.

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Triggers sensors in use, here they are red and mounted on the rims of the snare drum, bass drum and hanging toms. The larger box in the same color of red is the "brain" to which they are connected.

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The ride cymbal is most often used for keeping a constant rhythm pattern, every beat or more often, as the music requires. Development of this ride technique is generally credited to jazz drummer

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in music are cymbals, a version of which were used throughout the ancient Near East very early in the Bronze Age period. Cymbals are mostly associated with Turkey and Turkish craftsmanship, where

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carved with an engraving needle, sound balancing meant that musicians had to be moved back in the room. Drums were often put far from the horn (part of the mechanical transducer) to reduce sound

742:. Recording technology was crude, which meant loud sounds could distort the recording. To get around this, Dodds used woodblocks and drum rims as quieter alternatives to cymbals and drum skins. 1063:

are smaller toms designed for use in a drum kit, extending the tom range upwards in pitch, primarily by their great depth and small diameter. They are also called rocket toms and tube toms.

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Some sizzlers feature pivoting arms that allow the chains to be quickly lowered onto, or raised from, the cymbal, allowing the effect to be used for some songs and removed for others.

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If the toms are omitted completely, or the bass drum is replaced by a pedal-operated beater on the bottom skin of a floor tom and the hanging toms omitted, the result is a two-piece

2336:

There are various types of stick holder accessories, including bags that can be attached to a drum and angled sheath-style stick holders, which can hold a single pair of sticks.

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acoustic drums may use a monitor speaker to hear the drums, especially if playing in a loud rock or metal band, where there is substantial onstage volume from large, powerful

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venues: they do not mic every drum and cymbal, but only the instruments that the sound engineer wants to be able to control in the mix, such as the bass drum and the snare.

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As with all musical instruments, the best protection is provided by a combination of a hard-shelled case with interior padding, such as foam, next to the drums and cymbals.

1201:

A unique effect can be created by striking an open hi-hat (where the two cymbals are apart) and then closing the cymbals with the foot pedal. This effect is widely used in

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and duct tape, and improvised methods, such as placing a wallet near the edge of the head. Some drummers muffle the sound of a drum by putting a cloth over the drumhead.

916:

The bass drum (also known as the "kick drum") is the lowest-pitched drum and usually provides the beat or timing element with basic pulse patterns. Some drummers may use

850:

that would otherwise be unsuitable with an ensemble. In live concerts, drummers may be given extended drum solos, even in genres where drum solos are rare on recordings.

674:, drum kits were often marching-band-style bass drums with many percussion items around them and suspended from them. Drum kits became a central part of jazz, especially 4143: 823:

is a short drum fill that introduces a singer's entrance into the piece. A fill ending with a cymbal crash on beat one is often used to lead into a chorus or verse.

714:

tray (shortened to "trap"), used to hold items like whistles, klaxons, and cowbells. These kits were dubbed "trap kits". Hi-hat stands became available around 1926.

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Tools of the trade: 7N, 5B, "double bummer", and side drum No. 3 sticks, standard 19 cane rutes, sheathed 7 cane rutes, nylon brushes, steel brushes, and cartwheels

662:

In 1912, drummers replaced sticks with wire brushes and, later, metal fly swatters as the louder sounds made by using drumsticks could overpower other instruments.

1930: 1782:

1950s and 1960s and are still used. It is a common configuration of kits sold through mail order, and, with smaller sized drums and cymbals, of kits for children.

4591: 710:. They started incorporating these elements into ragtime, which had been popular for a few decades, creating an approach that evolved into a jazz drumming style. 2214:

The meanings of both numbers and letters vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, and some sticks are not described using this system at all, just being known as

3134:

pp. 8–9, Jon Cohan's- "Star Sets"- Wording, see page nine; paragraphs 1–4. Further: see the Percussive Arts Society, 'Hall of Fame' Article, by Rick Mattingly].

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is a metal chain, or combination of chains, that is hung across a cymbal, creating a distinctive metallic sound when the cymbal is struck, similar to that of a

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Typical ways to muffle a snare or tom include placing an object on the outer edge of the drumhead. A piece of cloth, a wallet, gel, or fitted rings made of

2566:

In some styles or settings—such as country music clubs or churches, small venues, or when a live recording is being made—the drummer may use a transparent

149: 2483:

at any one time. When a drum kit is entirely miked and amplified through the sound reinforcement system, the drummer or the sound engineer can add other

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Hardware is the name given to the metal stands that support the drums, cymbals, and other percussion instruments. Generally, the term also includes the

1533:

are playable with hands or sticks and are often built to resemble the general form of acoustic drums. There are also percussion controllers such as the

1255:

when used in a drum kit, though this is a non-classical or colloquial designation that has become standardized. Most extended kits include one or more

2397:

Mid-price hard cases are of similar construction to suitcases, commonly made of fiber composite. The offer more protection from bumps than cloth bags.

1352:, particularly mounted on the hi-hat stand above the cymbals; an ordinary tambourine can be used, or a tambourine produced specially for drum kit use. 1167:, or other exotic or lighter metal rides, as the main or only ride in their kit, particularly for jazz, gospel, or ballad/folk sounds. In the 1960s, 4480: 517: 4571: 3629: 1868:

patterns, the lack of second hanging tom in a four-piece kit allows the cymbal to be positioned closer to the drummer, making it easier to play.

2466:, which can handle high sound-pressure levels, are usually used to close-mic drums, which is predominantly the way to mic drums for live shows. 1629:

The sound of electronic drums and cymbals themselves is heard by the drummer and possibly other musicians in close proximity, but, even so, the

632:

time). While the music was first designed to accompany marching soldiers, this simple and straightforward drumming approach led to the birth of

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that would be impractical to take to a small gig, to electronic and synthesized sounds, including non-instrument sounds such as ocean waves.

1070:

drummers/percussionists to extend the tom range upwards. Alternatively, they can be fitted with tom heads and tuned as shallow concert toms.

2222:(typically a 2B or 3B) for example. Many famous drummers endorse sticks made to their particular preference and sold under their signature. 4136: 3966: 3050: 3719: 884:

in marching ensembles where the sticks are most commonly held with an overhand grip for the right hand and an underhand grip for the left

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triggers can also be installed into acoustic drum and percussion instruments. Pads that trigger a MIDI device can be homemade from a

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A four-piece kit extends the three-piece by adding one tom, either a second hanging tom mounted on the bass drum (a notable user is

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nightclubs, the microphones supplied by the venue can sometimes be in substandard condition, due to the heavy use they experience.

2726:) in headphones. The ability to play accurately along with a click track has become an important skill for professional drummers. 1736:

Drummers often set up their own drum hardware onstage and adjust it to their comfort level. Major bands on tour will often have a

4510: 3745: 955:. When applied in this fashion, it supplies strong regular accents played by the non-dominant hand and is the backbone for many 150: 4611: 4606: 4576: 4277: 4129: 3692: 4182: 4161: 3084: 2713:

In the 2020s, drum parts in many popular music styles are often recorded apart from the other instruments and singers, using

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who knows how to set up the drummer's hardware and instruments in the desired location and with the desired configuration.

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Virtual drums are a type of audio software that simulates the sound of a drum kit using synthesized drum kit sounds or

1137:

below. Most drummers extend the normal configuration by adding another crash, a splash, and/or a china/effects cymbal.

100: 161: 160: 155: 2381:

From left: traps case, floor tom case, snare case (front), twin hanging toms case, cymbal case, bass drum case (rear)

1904:

they prefer. At the other extreme, many inexpensive, entry-level kits are sold as a five-piece kit complete with two

769:

Kit drumming, whether accompanying voices and other instruments or performing a drum solo, consists of two elements:

72: 4541: 4500: 4449: 3802: 2735: 2442: 2317: 1968:

consists of a bass drum, snare drum, and hi-hat, often with only a single cymbal (normally a ride, with or without

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and progressive rock. During drum solos, drummers have a degree of creative freedom, allowing them to use complex

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and fragile to be played with sticks, so they are usually played with fingers. Dedicated drum pads such as the

2638:" or use a digital drum tuner, which "measures tympanic pressure" on the drumhead to provide accurate tuning. 156: 152: 151: 777:

that sets the basic time-feel and provides a rhythmic framework for the song (examples include a backbeat or

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Assorted accessories such as spare washers, cymbal sleeves, wire snare cords, washers for tension rods, etc.

1582:(sound module/"brain") with suitable sampled/modeled or synthesized drum sounds, amplification equipment (a 1193:

Two hi-hat cymbals mounted in a pedal-operated stand, which allows the drummer to close or open the cymbals.

3827: 2581:) to dampen the onstage volume of the drums. A screen that completely surrounds the drum kit is known as a 154: 4390: 3935: 3221: 1908:, most often one straight and one boom, and some even with a standard cymbal pack, a stool, and a pair of 1339: 707: 338: 153: 145: 86: 3196: 1113:

In most drum kits and drum/percussion kits, cymbals are as prominent as the drums themselves. The oldest

4400: 4152: 3626: 2876: 2651: 2166: 1615: 1455: 1264: 648: 526: 408: 3339: 1790: 1232:. Alternatively, specialized crash/ride and ride/crash cymbals are designed to combine both functions. 2000:, consisting of double bass drums, two-floor toms, and an extended set of cymbals (three crashes with 1480:, are often built in the form of an acoustic drum kit. The unit's sound module is mounted to the left. 4325: 2714: 2467: 2353: 1884:

A basic five-piece kit, with one crash cymbal and no effects cymbals, complete with throne and sticks

1556: 1388: 1343: 917: 703: 268: 68: 3416: 1602:

often contain two; one for the body and one for the bell at the center of the cymbal, and perhaps a

1316: 157: 4459: 4439: 4065: 3952: 2647: 1665: 1184: 1098: 283: 162: 3273: 3008: 4556: 4454: 4110: 4040: 3170: 2804: 2784: 2749: 2665: 2463: 1486: 796: 522: 158: 2534:

A number of accessories are designed for the bass drum. The bass drum can take advantage of the

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for such microphones, reducing both clutter and set-up time, as well as better isolating them.

4561: 4490: 4055: 4015: 3910: 3715: 3468: 3359: 3349: 3320: 3310: 3149: 3105: 3080: 3055: 2990: 2980: 2951: 2941: 2703: 2539: 2480: 2226: 2060: 2044: 1989: 1764:, both measured in inches. Many drum kit manufacturers have recently been expressing sizes as 1737: 1296: 922: 867: 843: 792: 722: 495: 449: 248: 2129:

Less common extensions found particularly, but not exclusively, in very large kits, include:

4546: 3767: 3390: 2841: 2794: 2509: 2308:

Muffled drums are often associated with funeral ceremonies as well, such as the funerals of

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so the audience can hear them, and they can be amplified to any level without the risks of

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speaker design, in which a tuned port (a hole and a carefully measured tube) are put in a

2434: 2313: 2112: 1945: 1913: 1909: 1901: 1880: 1824:, and 16" otherwise. This configuration is common in jazz and rock. Notable users include 1714: 1669: 1595: 1563: 778: 726: 690: 656: 613: 602: 333: 328: 3248: 2679:

groove with bass (bottom), back beat snare, and cymbal (top) is common in popular music.

4566: 4444: 4418: 4080: 4070: 4030: 2976: 2881: 2635: 2523: 2474:

For some styles of music, drummers use electronic effects on drums, such as individual

2446: 2309: 2027: 1897: 1833: 1794: 1619: 1546: 1526: 1506: 1477: 1459: 1292: 1275: 1252: 1246: 1229: 774: 491: 483: 3741: 3441: 1014:(generally the widest and largest toms, which also makes them the lowest-pitched toms) 93: 4530: 4375: 4220: 4210: 4025: 4000: 2858: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2740:

Manufacturers using the American traditional format in their catalogs include these:

2492: 2433:("mics") are used with drum kits to pick up the sound of the drums and cymbals for a 2357: 2176: 2154: 2101: 2031: 2001: 1969: 1941: 1820:

When a floor tom is added to make a four-piece kit, the floor tom is usually 14" for

1809: 1659: 1623: 1494: 1404: 1366: 1256: 1164: 1106: 1074: 606: 396: 313: 278: 253: 207: 3688: 2249: 1271: 4408: 4200: 4050: 4035: 4020: 4005: 3990: 3306: 2891: 2819: 2809: 2699: 2604: 2484: 2451: 2445:. While most drummers use microphones and amplification in live shows, so that the 2258: 2230: 2122:

above. Another versatile extension becoming increasingly common is the use of some

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and/or to pick up the sound of the drum kit so that it can be amplified through a

2012: 1443: 1049: 3604: 3376:

Remnant, M. (1989). Musical instruments. (pp. 159–174). London: B.T. Batsford Ltd

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and a practice pad or other piece of foam rubber, which is possible in two ways:

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All cymbals, other than rides, hi-hats, and crashes/splashes, are usually called

4464: 4090: 3979: 3345: 2799: 2789: 2719: 2676: 2561: 2535: 2513: 2423: 2400: 1993: 1965: 1865: 1861: 1845: 1829: 1825: 1769: 1611: 1570: 1419:(anything ordinary that can be struck to produce sounds, patterns, and grooves). 1335:

Other instruments that have regularly been incorporated into drum kits include:

1328: 1172: 1168: 1146: 1133:

instead of the separate ride and crash. The sizes closely follow those given in

1125: 1018: 983: 730: 671: 641: 637: 547: 474: 258: 202: 35: 3877: 1435: 858: 795:

that provide variety and add interest to the drum sound. Fills could include a

4485: 4365: 4355: 4290: 4225: 4105: 4045: 3995: 3853:"Vintage Snare Drums online Ludwig, Slingerland, Leedy, Camco, Gretsch, Sonor" 3363: 2994: 2972:

The Drum Handbook: Buying, Maintaining and Getting the Best from Your Drum Kit

2774: 2707: 2475: 2455: 2430: 2321: 2197: 2080: 1961: 1957: 1853: 1849: 1760:

Traditionally, in America and the United Kingdom, drum sizes are expressed as

1680: 1673: 1542: 1534: 1501: 1396: 1349: 1324: 1152: 1130: 975: 946: 847: 839: 718: 694: 686: 679: 499: 435: 416: 318: 233: 182: 3792:

Ryan , A. (n.d.). Learning to play the drum: an experiential. 43(4), 435–444.

3324: 2955: 4345: 4310: 4285: 4230: 4215: 4095: 3975: 3662: 2853: 2723: 2571: 2438: 2404: 2377: 2372: 2140: 1949: 1730: 1697: 1583: 1538: 1490: 1114: 1086: 1034: 1011: 956: 911: 881: 832: 809: 784: 764: 675: 503: 464: 445: 424: 323: 293: 273: 177: 172: 1984: 963:

buzzing sound, along with the sound of the stick striking the batter head.

3300: 1610:

be placed on each drum or cymbal and used to trigger a similar sound on a

4380: 4305: 4253: 4243: 4195: 4190: 4121: 3944: 3148:. Vol. 3 (2 ed.). New York: Grove's Dictionaries. p. 373. 2630: 2616: 2262: 2180: 2160: 2074: 2051: 1857: 1720: 1355: 1175:

used a sizzle cymbal as a second ride, particularly during guitar solos.

1118: 1066: 1060: 1030: 1023: 1005: 960: 952: 699: 460: 456: 2419: 2202: 4330: 4263: 4248: 4205: 4085: 3939: 2836: 2780:

Those using the European measures of diameter and depth include these:

2567: 2390: 2344: 2267: 2170: 2070: 1530: 1416: 979: 633: 572: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 412: 288: 243: 238: 17: 1594:

speakers are required to hear the electronically produced sounds. See

1472: 4340: 4335: 4315: 4300: 4295: 4075: 4010: 2488: 2084: 1400: 1392: 734: 470: 420: 404: 192: 1896:

Most five-piece kits, except for entry-level, also have one or more

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Huber, David Miles. "The MIDI Manual". Carmel, Indiana: SAMS, 1991.

2316:. The use of muffled drums has been written about by such poets as 2233:

in jazz and similar soft music. More rarely, other beaters such as

1948:

acts. Such kits are particularly favored in musical genres such as

1848:, and various jazz drummers throughout the 20th century, including 1679:

Hardware is carried along with sticks and other accessories in the

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are also popular among drummers since they also work as earplugs.

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problems associated with microphones and PAs in certain settings.

1471: 1454: 1442: 1434: 1315: 1270: 1202: 1188: 936: 857: 516: 507: 486:, a pair of cymbals that can be played with a foot-operated pedal 419:

or special wire or nylon brushes; and uses their feet to operate

4370: 2147: 2095: 1821: 1552: 1521: 1514: 1448: 1376: 1206: 511: 400: 4125: 3948: 872:

Most drummers hold the drumsticks in one of two types of grip:

3274:"Drum Solos: A Brief History… And Can You Keep It Down A Bit?" 3171:"A Quick History of the Drum Machine, from the 1980s to Today" 2023:

Common extensions beyond the standard configurations include:

541: 29: 2685:

written on a standard five-line staff. As of 2016, a special

1520:

Electronic drum pads are the second most widely used type of

1485:

hitting the sensor pads), all of the drum sounds come from a

1037:, respectively) are sometimes considered toms. The naming of 3663:"Vintage Olympic – a unique online history of Olympic drums" 2543:

specialized bass drum pillow is to use an old sleeping bag.

2047:

are standard for some genres, particularly heavy metal music

1224:

provides a fuller sound and is a commonly taught technique.

1159:

cuts through other instrumental sounds. Some drummers use a

1124:

While most drummers purchase cymbals individually, beginner

144: 2385:

Three types of protective covers are common for kit drums:

2066:

A second floor tom, either larger or smaller than the first

1650:

surface into a virtual drum kit using only one microphone.

1462:

playing a kit with both acoustic and electronic drums, 2005

1109:, with a multitude of cymbals. Rio de Janeiro, 7 March 2008 799:

at the end of a musical section or act as a drum showpiece.

733:. William Ludwig developed the "sock" or early low-mounted 3520:"The History of Electronic Drum Sets – 1960s to the 2010s" 3828:"Electronic Drums Market Insight, Size, Forecast to 2024" 2664:

Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can

2348:

Paiste 2002 18" medium cymbal fitted with a chain sizzler

2143:(single-headed bass drums, played with sticks or mallets) 3803:"Practice Pad | Learn To Use A Practice Pad Effectively" 3341:

All About Drums: A Fun and Simple Guide to Playing Drums

3125:

standard pulse/roll of what we call ride cymbal playing.

655:

in 1909 and patented the first commercially successful

3222:"Steve Smith on the Art & History of Drum Soloing" 3768:"1805.4 – "The Muffled Drum" | Romantic Circles" 2934:

A Dictionary for the Modern Percussionist and Drummer

2179:

percussion, such as the tuned bass drums used in the

2137:

Multiple bass drums beyond the double bass drum setup

1733:, which is particularly useful for large drum kits. 1729:

Many or even all of the stands may be replaced by a

4473: 4427: 4399: 4276: 4181: 4172: 2520:their beat on the posterior, rather than hears it. 1860:. For jazz, which normally emphasizes the use of a 1606:trigger, to allow drummers to produce this effect. 60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3901: 3899: 941:Snare drum on a modern light-duty snare drum stand 636:music, when the simple marching beats became more 2911:These two words may also be combined as "drumset" 2266:Common types of mufflers include muffling rings, 3574:. 1985. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. 3144:Sheridan, Chris (2002). Kernfeld, Barry (ed.). 3077:The Drum Book: The History of the Rock Drum Kit 2698:On early recording media (until 1925), such as 2407:are standard for professional touring drummers. 2119: 1029:The smallest and largest drums without snares ( 148: 3473:Grinnell College Musical Instrument Collection 1346:, especially in classic rock and other genres. 862:A pair of drumsticks held in traditional grip. 605:appeared in stage shows, where the budget for 4137: 3960: 3648: 3646: 3389:. The Percussive Arts Society. Archived from 3070: 3068: 2389:Drum bags are made from robust cloth such as 360: 8: 3546:"Brief History of Electronic Drums – Part 1" 1614:. These sounds are then amplified through a 3716:"Funeral of Queen Victoria – British Pathé" 2225:Besides drumsticks, drummers will also use 2134:side snare is used in a kit, if any at all. 678:. The modern drum kit was developed in the 4178: 4144: 4130: 4122: 3967: 3953: 3945: 3302:Beginning Drumset: Complete Drumset Method 3102:Star sets: Drum Kits of the Great Drummers 3038:. Oxford University Press. pp. 74–75. 1134: 1038: 367: 353: 133: 1291:Cymbals, of any type, used to provide an 588:Learn how and when to remove this message 494:and is used in many types of popular and 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 4481:Classification of percussion instruments 3582: 3580: 3079:. London: Balafon Books. pp. 8–12. 3009:"Classic: The Birth Of Bass Drum Pedals" 2620: 2343: 1879: 1797:playing a classic four-piece kit in the 1097: 1048: 970: 781:). Grooves can set the mood of the song. 738:playing. He also popularized the use of 2924: 2904: 750:for those motion-picture sound tracks. 682:era, during the 1920s, in New Orleans. 490:The drum kit is a part of the standard 411:set up to be played by one person. The 303: 223: 136: 4166:List of percussion instruments by type 3907:Jazz – From its Origins to the Present 3247:says, Brant David (11 February 2014). 3051:Jazz – From its Origins to the Present 1936:playing a two-piece kit while standing 4592:North American percussion instruments 3104:. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Hal Leonard. 2123: 2063:, in addition to the main ride cymbal 1988:A seven-piece kit typically used for 7: 3689:"Drum Sets | Steve Weiss Music" 2079:A second pair of hi-hats mounted as 1500:A fully electronic kit is easier to 570:adding citations to reliable sources 430:A standard kit usually consists of: 58:adding citations to reliable sources 4537:19th-century percussion instruments 3748:from the original on 1 January 2018 3494:"The Evolution of the China Cymbal" 1295:, rather than a regular pattern or 880:, originally developed for playing 415:typically holds a pair of matching 3718:. Britishpathe.com. 18 July 2010. 3695:from the original on 18 April 2012 3640:SOS Publications. Aug 1995. Print. 3169:LeBlanc, Jason (30 January 2018). 3036:A History of the American Drum Kit 1768:, still in inches. For example, a 1424: 25: 651:and his brother Theobald founded 4511:List of vibraphone manufacturers 3774:from the original on 21 May 2014 3742:"Longfellow's "A Psalm of Life"" 3722:from the original on 4 July 2014 3627:DIY Drum Pads and Pedal Triggers 3146:The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz 2261:that can reduce the ring, boomy 546: 409:auxiliary percussion instruments 34: 1363:Keyboard percussion instruments 1008:of varying diameters and depths 557:needs additional citations for 45:needs additional citations for 4572:Electronic musical instruments 4162:List of percussion instruments 3770:. Rc.umd.edu. September 2004. 3197:"What is a Drum Fill, Really?" 3048:Porter/Hull man/Hazel (1993). 1944:kit, originally developed for 1578:In either case, an electronic 1476:Drum controllers, such as the 1263:. Major cymbal makers produce 452:moved by a foot-operated pedal 1: 4516:List of timpani manufacturers 4506:List of marimba manufacturers 3905:Porter/Hullman/Hazel (1993). 3597:""Marimba Lumina Described". 3572:Electronic and Computer Music 640:. This resulted in a greater 521:Japanese heavy metal drummer 4496:List of cymbal manufacturers 3603:. Buchla.com. Archived from 3442:"Birth of the Modern Hi-Hat" 3249:"A History of the Drum Solo" 2932:Strain, James Allen (2017). 2661: 2552:gloves to prevent blisters. 2175:Instruments "borrowed" from 2165:Instruments "borrowed" from 1278:O-zone "vented" crash cymbal 951:The snare drum provides the 399:context) is a collection of 3253:A Journal of Musical Things 2487:to the drum sound, such as 2016:A very large kit played by 1912:drum sticks. In the 2010s, 986:and conventional toms, 1975 4628: 4501:List of drum manufacturers 4450:Indoor percussion ensemble 3421:Steve Hoffman Music Forums 2736:List of drum manufacturers 2733: 2645: 2642:Notation and improvisation 2614: 2559: 2443:sound reinforcement system 2370: 2318:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 2257:Drum muffles are types of 2253:Mylar muffle ring on snare 2218:(typically a 7N or 9N) or 2195: 2126:in a mainly acoustic kit. 2120:other acoustic instruments 1657: 1465: 1312:Other acoustic instruments 1244: 1216: 1182: 1144: 1121:has made them since 1623. 1004:Traditional double-headed 989: 944: 909: 865: 830: 807: 762: 4239: 4159: 3986: 2426:with rim-mounted tom mics 2107:An additional electronic 2100:Multiple ride cymbals; a 1816:Four piece with floor tom 1752:A two-piece kit in action 1056:with an array of octobans 3338:Mattingly, Rick (2006). 2969:Nicholls, Geoff (2003). 2938:Rowman & Littlefield 2770:Slingerland Drum Company 2153:Sound effects such as a 3932:History of the Drum Set 3524:Electronic Drum Advisor 3075:Nichols, Geoff (1997). 2666:download the audio file 1838:Jimi Hendrix Experience 1799:Jimi Hendrix Experience 1505:can be adjusted by the 1415:, and jam and kerosene 653:Ludwig & Ludwig Co. 4612:Rockabilly instruments 4607:Rock music instruments 4577:Folk music instruments 4153:Percussion instruments 3807:rockdrummingsystem.com 3417:"Ringo´s cymbal sound" 3299:Sweeney, Pete (2004). 2626: 2462:In miking a drum kit, 2427: 2382: 2349: 2274:Snare drum and tom-tom 2254: 2207: 2020: 2009: 1937: 1885: 1801: 1753: 1668:pedal and clutch, and 1481: 1463: 1452: 1440: 1332: 1279: 1265:cymbal extension packs 1194: 1110: 1057: 987: 942: 918:two or more bass drums 863: 529: 407:, and sometimes other 165: 4401:Electronic percussion 4016:Double- and half-time 3878:"Drum Notation Guide" 3652:Peckman (2007), p.31. 3387:"Warren 'Baby' Dodds" 2975:. San Francisco, CA: 2877:Percussion instrument 2848:Styles and techniques 2652:Musical improvisation 2624: 2468:Condenser microphones 2422: 2380: 2347: 2252: 2205: 2167:orchestral percussion 2015: 1987: 1932: 1883: 1793: 1751: 1744:Common configurations 1475: 1458: 1446: 1438: 1319: 1274: 1192: 1135:Common configurations 1101: 1052: 1039:common configurations 974: 940: 861: 649:William F. Ludwig Sr. 527:Madison Square Garden 520: 498:styles, ranging from 164: 4597:Occupations in music 4428:Percussion groupings 4278:Unpitched percussion 3857:vintagedrumguide.com 3832:psmarketresearch.com 3667:vintageolympic.co.uk 3632:3 March 2016 at the 3393:on 27 September 2011 2715:multitrack recording 1557:piezoelectric sensor 1073:Attack timbales and 566:improve this article 54:improve this article 4552:Drum kit components 4460:Percussion ensemble 4440:Marching percussion 4183:Keyboard percussion 4066:Percussion notation 3100:Cohan, Jon (1995). 3034:Britt, Dan (2018). 2722:(a type of digital 2648:Percussion notation 2464:dynamic microphones 2094:Different types of 2056:Extra crash cymbals 1672:or pedals, and the 1185:Hi-hat (instrument) 4455:Percussion section 4174:Pitched percussion 3686:Steve Weiss Music 3607:on 1 November 2012 3526:. 18 November 2017 3278:Professional Moron 2940:. pp. 62–63. 2805:Premier Percussion 2785:Brady Drum Company 2730:Drum manufacturers 2627: 2598:Practice equipment 2485:electronic effects 2428: 2383: 2350: 2255: 2208: 2150:, tuned or untuned 2021: 2010: 1938: 1886: 1802: 1754: 1596:Triggered drum kit 1487:keyboard amplifier 1482: 1464: 1453: 1441: 1333: 1303:Low-volume cymbals 1280: 1195: 1111: 1058: 988: 982:with a mixture of 943: 864: 530: 166: 27:Musical instrument 4542:Blues instruments 4524: 4523: 4491:Percussion mallet 4272: 4271: 4119: 4118: 3550:The Electric Drum 3500:. 11 January 2017 3355:978-1-423408-18-5 3344:. Milwaukee, WI: 3316:978-0-739034-74-3 3280:. 1 November 2015 3228:. 9 February 2011 3201:OnlineDrummer.com 2986:978-1-4768-5225-6 2947:978-0-8108-8693-3 2670: 2577:(also known as a 2540:speaker enclosure 2235:cartwheel mallets 2061:crash/ride cymbal 2050:Extra hanging or 2045:double bass pedal 2041:Double bass drums 1259:and at least one 868:Grip (percussion) 723:Mississippi River 685:Drummers such as 598: 597: 590: 538:Early development 525:'s drum riser at 496:traditional music 377: 376: 249:Crash/ride cymbal 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 4619: 4582:Jazz instruments 4179: 4146: 4139: 4132: 4123: 3969: 3962: 3955: 3946: 3918: 3903: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3884:. 18 August 2009 3874: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3799: 3793: 3790: 3784: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3738: 3732: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3712: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3684: 3678: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3659: 3653: 3650: 3641: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3601:. n.p. n.d. Web" 3593: 3587: 3584: 3575: 3570:Manning, Peter. 3568: 3562: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3542: 3536: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3490: 3484: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3469:"hi-hat cymbals" 3464: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3438: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3413: 3407: 3406: 3400: 3398: 3383: 3377: 3374: 3368: 3367: 3335: 3329: 3328: 3305:. Van Nuys, CA: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3244: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3192: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3166: 3160: 3159: 3141: 3135: 3132: 3126: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3072: 3063: 3046: 3040: 3039: 3031: 3025: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3005: 2999: 2998: 2966: 2960: 2959: 2929: 2912: 2909: 2842:List of drummers 2795:Meinl Percussion 2625:An Arno drum key 2611:Tuning equipment 2124:electronic drums 1998:progressive rock 1934:Slim Jim Phantom 1766:diameter x depth 1762:depth x diameter 1710:Snare drum stand 1706:brackets or arms 1683:, and includes: 1468:Electronic drums 1431:Electronic drums 1054:Anders Johansson 927:progressive rock 878:traditional grip 842:genres, such as 725:riverboats with 631: 630: 629: 628: 593: 586: 582: 579: 573: 550: 542: 448:, played with a 369: 362: 355: 134: 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 4627: 4626: 4622: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4617: 4616: 4527: 4526: 4525: 4520: 4469: 4423: 4414:Electronic drum 4395: 4268: 4235: 4168: 4164: 4155: 4150: 4120: 4115: 4101:Rosanna shuffle 3982: 3973: 3927: 3922: 3921: 3904: 3897: 3887: 3885: 3876: 3875: 3871: 3861: 3859: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3826: 3825: 3821: 3811: 3809: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3791: 3787: 3777: 3775: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3751: 3749: 3744:. Blupete.com. 3740: 3739: 3735: 3725: 3723: 3714: 3713: 3709: 3698: 3696: 3687: 3685: 3681: 3671: 3669: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3651: 3644: 3634:Wayback Machine 3624: 3620: 3610: 3608: 3595: 3594: 3590: 3585: 3578: 3569: 3565: 3555: 3553: 3544: 3543: 3539: 3529: 3527: 3518: 3517: 3513: 3503: 3501: 3492: 3491: 3487: 3477: 3475: 3467:Vetter, Roger. 3466: 3465: 3461: 3451: 3449: 3440: 3439: 3435: 3425: 3423: 3415: 3414: 3410: 3396: 3394: 3385: 3384: 3380: 3375: 3371: 3356: 3337: 3336: 3332: 3317: 3298: 3297: 3293: 3283: 3281: 3272: 3271: 3267: 3257: 3255: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3231: 3229: 3220: 3219: 3215: 3205: 3203: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3179: 3177: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3156: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3133: 3129: 3123: 3119: 3112: 3099: 3098: 3094: 3087: 3074: 3073: 3066: 3047: 3043: 3033: 3032: 3028: 3018: 3016: 3007: 3006: 3002: 2987: 2968: 2967: 2963: 2948: 2931: 2930: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2915: 2910: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2887:Electronic drum 2872:Drum kit tuning 2867: 2850: 2833: 2828: 2738: 2732: 2696: 2687:percussion clef 2682: 2681: 2680: 2673: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2654: 2646:Main articles: 2644: 2629:Drummers use a 2619: 2613: 2600: 2591: 2564: 2558: 2549: 2532: 2524:In-Ear Monitors 2505: 2435:sound recording 2417: 2375: 2369: 2342: 2334: 2326:Theodore O'Hara 2314:John F. Kennedy 2306:Historical uses 2292:Silencers/mutes 2247: 2200: 2194: 2189: 2073:, or a pair of 2030:, particularly 2028:Effects cymbals 1982: 1946:cocktail lounge 1927: 1902:bass drum pedal 1898:effects cymbals 1878: 1818: 1788: 1779: 1746: 1715:Bass drum pedal 1670:bass drum pedal 1662: 1656: 1647:digital samples 1643: 1470: 1433: 1405:cardboard boxes 1314: 1305: 1289: 1253:effects cymbals 1249: 1243: 1241:Effects cymbals 1238: 1221: 1215: 1187: 1181: 1149: 1143: 1096: 1047: 994: 969: 949: 935: 914: 908: 903: 898: 870: 856: 835: 829: 812: 806: 767: 761: 756: 740:Chinese cymbals 727:Louis Armstrong 691:Zutty Singleton 668: 657:bass drum pedal 627: 622: 621: 620: 619: 618: 614:Double-drumming 603:musical theater 594: 583: 577: 574: 563: 551: 540: 535: 438:, mounted on a 383:(also called a 373: 344: 343: 334:Electronic drum 299: 298: 219: 218: 217: 163: 126: 115: 109: 106: 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4625: 4623: 4615: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4602:Rhythm section 4599: 4594: 4589: 4587:Membranophones 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4529: 4528: 4522: 4521: 4519: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4477: 4475: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4445:Front ensemble 4442: 4437: 4431: 4429: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4405: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4282: 4280: 4274: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4187: 4185: 4176: 4170: 4169: 4160: 4157: 4156: 4151: 4149: 4148: 4141: 4134: 4126: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4081:Rhythm section 4078: 4073: 4071:Purdie shuffle 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4031:Drum tablature 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3987: 3984: 3983: 3974: 3972: 3971: 3964: 3957: 3949: 3943: 3942: 3926: 3925:External links 3923: 3920: 3919: 3895: 3882:DRUM! Magazine 3869: 3844: 3819: 3794: 3785: 3759: 3733: 3707: 3679: 3654: 3642: 3638:Sound on Sound 3625:White, Paul. " 3618: 3588: 3576: 3563: 3552:. 10 July 2015 3537: 3511: 3485: 3459: 3446:DRUM! Magazine 3433: 3408: 3378: 3369: 3354: 3330: 3315: 3309:. p. 12. 3291: 3265: 3239: 3226:DRUM! Magazine 3213: 3187: 3161: 3154: 3136: 3127: 3117: 3110: 3092: 3085: 3064: 3041: 3026: 3013:DRUM! Magazine 3000: 2985: 2979:. p. 16. 2977:Backbeat Books 2961: 2946: 2936:. Lanham, MD: 2923: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2913: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2882:Rhythm section 2879: 2874: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2862: 2861: 2856: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2844: 2839: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2823: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2778: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2734:Main article: 2731: 2728: 2695: 2692: 2674: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2657: 2656: 2655: 2643: 2640: 2615:Main article: 2612: 2609: 2599: 2596: 2590: 2587: 2560:Main article: 2557: 2554: 2548: 2545: 2531: 2530:Bass drum gear 2528: 2504: 2501: 2447:sound engineer 2416: 2413: 2409: 2408: 2398: 2395: 2371:Main article: 2368: 2365: 2341: 2338: 2333: 2330: 2310:Queen Victoria 2246: 2243: 2196:Main article: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2173: 2163: 2157: 2151: 2144: 2138: 2135: 2116: 2115: 2105: 2098: 2092: 2087: 2077: 2067: 2064: 2057: 2054: 2048: 2038: 2032:splash cymbals 1981: 1978: 1926: 1923: 1877: 1874: 1834:Mitch Mitchell 1817: 1814: 1795:Mitch Mitchell 1787: 1784: 1778: 1775: 1745: 1742: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1718: 1712: 1707: 1701: 1695: 1690: 1658:Main article: 1655: 1652: 1642: 1639: 1620:audio feedback 1576: 1575: 1568: 1547:Marimba Lumina 1527:Roland Octapad 1507:sound engineer 1478:Roland V-Drums 1466:Main article: 1460:Pat Mastelotto 1432: 1429: 1421: 1420: 1386: 1380: 1374: 1360: 1353: 1347: 1313: 1310: 1304: 1301: 1288: 1287:Accent cymbals 1285: 1257:splash cymbals 1247:Effects cymbal 1245:Main article: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1217:Main article: 1214: 1211: 1183:Main article: 1180: 1177: 1145:Main article: 1142: 1139: 1095: 1092: 1046: 1043: 1027: 1026: 1021: 1017:Single-headed 1015: 1009: 1000:They include: 990:Main article: 968: 965: 945:Main article: 934: 931: 910:Main article: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 893: 892: 885: 866:Main article: 855: 852: 831:Main article: 828: 825: 808:Main article: 805: 802: 801: 800: 782: 763:Main article: 760: 757: 755: 752: 667: 664: 623: 607:pit orchestras 596: 595: 554: 552: 545: 539: 536: 534: 531: 492:rhythm section 488: 487: 484:Hi-hat cymbals 481: 473:, including a 467: 453: 442: 375: 374: 372: 371: 364: 357: 349: 346: 345: 342: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 310: 309: 306: 305: 301: 300: 297: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 230: 229: 226: 225: 221: 220: 216: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 169: 168: 167: 141: 140: 128: 127: 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4624: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4472: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4398: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4376:Temple blocks 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 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3071: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3060:0-13-512195-7 3057: 3053: 3052: 3045: 3042: 3037: 3030: 3027: 3015:. 8 June 2012 3014: 3010: 3004: 3001: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2973: 2965: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2928: 2925: 2918: 2908: 2905: 2898: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2869: 2864: 2860: 2859:Jazz drumming 2857: 2855: 2852: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2834: 2830: 2825: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2782: 2781: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2765:Ludwig-Musser 2763: 2761: 2760:Gretsch Drums 2758: 2756: 2755:Drum Workshop 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2742: 2741: 2737: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2700:wax cylinders 2693: 2691: 2688: 2678: 2667: 2653: 2649: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2632: 2623: 2618: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2597: 2595: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2573: 2569: 2563: 2555: 2553: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2537: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2521: 2519: 2515: 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1980:Extended kits 1979: 1977: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1942:cocktail drum 1935: 1931: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1906:cymbal stands 1903: 1899: 1894: 1890: 1882: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1810:Talking Heads 1807: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1785: 1783: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1758: 1750: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1734: 1732: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1688:Cymbal stands 1686: 1685: 1684: 1682: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1661: 1660:Drum hardware 1653: 1651: 1648: 1641:Virtual drums 1640: 1638: 1634: 1632: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1607: 1605: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1592:stage monitor 1590:, etc.), and 1589: 1585: 1581: 1572: 1569: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1516: 1510: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1496: 1495:tubular bells 1492: 1488: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1461: 1457: 1450: 1445: 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shield 2575:drum screen 2562:Drum screen 2556:Drum screen 2536:bass reflex 2514:butt shaker 2476:noise gates 2456:organ trios 2431:Microphones 2424:Carl Palmer 2415:Microphones 2216:Smooth Jazz 2187:Accessories 1994:jazz fusion 1990:heavy metal 1862:ride cymbal 1846:the Turtles 1830:The Beatles 1826:Ringo Starr 1777:Three-piece 1770:hanging tom 1612:drum module 1574:components. 1451:trigger pad 1413:oil barrels 1397:brake drums 1329:bongo drums 1169:Ringo Starr 1147:Ride cymbal 1141:Ride cymbal 1045:Other drums 923:heavy metal 848:polyrhythms 844:heavy metal 731:ride cymbal 672:World War I 475:ride cymbal 427:pedals. 339:Drum module 259:Bell cymbal 203:Ride cymbal 4531:Categories 4486:Drum stick 4391:Wood block 4366:Tambourine 4356:Snare drum 4226:Vibraphone 4106:Snare rush 4076:Quadruplet 4046:Ghost note 3996:Blast beat 3976:Drum beats 3599:buchla.com 3498:reverb.com 3364:1150827839 3180:3 November 3086:0879304766 3019:3 November 2995:1084269003 2919:References 2775:Tama Drums 2708:distortion 2675:The basic 2583:drum booth 2405:road cases 2322:John Mayne 2220:Speed Rock 2198:Drum stick 2169:, such as 2141:Gong drums 2081:cable hats 2006:China-type 1962:jump blues 1958:rockabilly 1925:Small kits 1876:Five-piece 1854:Buddy Rich 1850:Art Blakey 1786:Four-piece 1681:traps case 1674:drum stool 1543:Don Buchla 1535:vibraphone 1502:soundcheck 1409:washboards 1365:, such as 1350:Tambourine 1340:Wood block 1331:in his kit 1153:Baby Dodds 1131:crash/ride 1115:idiophones 1087:hand drums 1035:gong drums 1012:Floor toms 976:Keith Moon 947:Snare drum 933:Snare drum 921:including 896:Components 827:Drum solos 793:variations 787:and other 785:Drum fills 719:Baby Dodds 708:woodblocks 695:Ray Bauduc 687:Baby Dodds 680:vaudeville 638:syncopated 465:floor toms 436:snare drum 417:drumsticks 319:Drum stick 284:Tambourine 183:Snare drum 80:newspapers 69:"Drum kit" 4557:Drum kits 4346:Mark tree 4311:Castanets 4286:Bass drum 4231:Xylophone 4216:Tubaphone 3991:Back beat 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