262:(NDs) are carbon nanoparticles which can vary from ~4-100 nm in diameter. NDs are typically formed in two ways: from micron-sized diamond particles under high-pressure high-temperature conditions, called high-pressure high-temperature nanodiamonds (HPHT NDs) and by shock-wave compression, called detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs). The surfaces of these NDs can be modified by processes such as oxidation and aminification to alter adsorption properties.
355:
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25:
237:. The addition of an amphiphilic block copolymer effectively lowers this critical micelle concentration by shifting the monomer exchange equilibrium. These carriers are comparable to liposomes, however the lack of an aqueous core makes polymeric micelles less accommodating to a wide variety of drugs.
442:
245:
Microspheres are hollow, micron-sized carriers often formed via self-assembly of polymeric compounds which are most often used to encapsulate the active drug for delivery. Drug release is often achieved by diffusion through pores in the microsphere structure or by degradation of the microsphere
205:. Disadvantages associated with using liposomes as drug carriers involve poor control over drug release. Drugs which have high membrane-permeability can readily 'leak' from the carrier, while optimization of
246:
shell. Some of the research currently being done uses advanced assembly techniques, such as precision particle fabrication (PPF), to create microspheres capable of sustained control over drug release.
209:
stability can cause drug release by diffusion to be a slow and inefficient process. Much of the current research involving liposomes is focused on improving the delivery of anticancer drugs such as
156:
A wide variety of drug carrier systems have been developed and studied, each of which has unique advantages and disadvantages. Some of the more popular types of drug carriers include
145:) or by triggered release at the drug's target by some stimulus, such as changes in pH, application of heat, and activation by light. Drug carriers are also used to improve the
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surrounding an aqueous core. This hydrophobic/hydrophilic composition is particularly useful for drug delivery as these carriers can accommodate a number of drugs of varying
408:
184:. Different types of drug carrier utilize different methods of attachment, and some carriers can even implement a variety of attachment methods.
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into systemic circulation. This can be accomplished either by slow release of a particular drug over a long period of time (typically
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Berkland, Cory; Kim, Kyekyoon; Pack, Daniel (2009). "Precision
Polymer Microparticles for Controlled-Release Drug Delivery".
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788:"A Novel Macromolecular Prodrug Concept Exploiting Endogenous Serum Albumin as a Drug Carrier for Cancer Chemotherapy"
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Designing Better Cancer Drugs
Insight into Carrier Molecules' Functionality which may yield Safer Cancer Treatments
35:
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Mochalin, V.; Pentecost, A.; Li, X. M.; Neitzel, I.; Nelson, M.; Wei, C.; He, T.; Guo, F.; Gogotsi, Y. (2013).
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498:"Controllable Drug Release and Simultaneously Carrier Decomposition of SiO2-Drug Composite Nanoparticles"
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477:. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry. pp. 3–9.
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Nagy, Z. K.; Balogh, A.; Vajna, B.; Farkas, A.; Patyi, G.; Kramarics, A.; Marosi, G. (December 2011).
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745:"Comparison of Electrospun and Extruded Soluplus-Based Solid Dosage Forms of Improved Dissolution"
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172:. Different methods of attaching the drug to the carrier have been implemented, including
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694:"Adsorption of Drugs on Nanodiamond: Toward Development of a Drug Delivery Platform"
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Kratz, F.; Muller-Driver, R.; Hofmann, I.; Drevs, J.; Unger, C. (10 March 2000).
557:"Nanoliposomes in Cancer Therapy: Marketed Products and Current Clinical Trials"
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Zhang, Silu; Chu, Zhiqin; Yin, Chun; Zhang, Chunyuan; Lin, Ge; Li, Quan (2013).
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Lin, Chung-Lun; Lin, Cheng-Huang; Chang, Huan-Cheng; Su, Meng-Chih (2015).
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Biodegradable hydrogels for bone regeneration through growth factor release
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TalĂ©ns-Visconti R, DĂez-Sales O, de Julián-Ortiz JV, Nácher A (Apr 2022).
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153:, of many drugs with poor water solubility and/or membrane permeability.
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which serves to improve the selectivity, effectiveness, and/or safety of
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Polymeric micelles are drug carriers formed by the aggregation of some
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Development of acid-sensitive copolymer micelles for drug delivery
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Liposomes are structures which consist of at least one
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Weighting cancer drugs to make them hit tumors harder
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
826:on 10 February 2022 – via WorldCat, PubMed.
732:on 10 February 2022 – via WorldCat, PubMed.
681:on 10 February 2022 – via WorldCat, PubMed.
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561:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
443:"Pharmaceutical Vehicles | DrugBank Online"
16:Inert medium used in drug-delivery systems
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
502:Journal of the American Chemical Society
775:on 10 February 2022 – via PubMed.
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176:, integration into the bulk structure,
129:is a substrate used in the process of
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635:"Protein Attachment on Nanodiamonds"
47:adding citations to reliable sources
639:The Journal of Physical Chemistry A
407:The following research papers from
749:Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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34:needs additional citations for
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235:critical micelle concentration
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620:10.1021/bk-2004-0879.ch014
659:10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01031
698:Molecular Pharmaceutics
614:(Chapter 14): 197–213.
471:Svenson, Sönke (2004).
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227:amphiphile\amphiphilic
307:Protein-DNA complexes
854:TechnologyReview.com
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869:Medicinal chemistry
651:2015JPCA..119.7704L
135:drug administration
221:Polymeric micelles
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567:(8): 4249.
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483:1132091618
452:2022-02-10
429:References
397:Dendrimers
266:Nanofibers
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174:adsorption
69:newspapers
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