31:
192:
Realizing the importance of aviation, Todd started the first Junior Aero Club in 1908 to foster the education of future aviators. The club met at Todd's residence in New York, where her living room had become her workshop and was decorated by aircraft models of her own design and other mechanical
188:
The framework was constructed out of straight-grained spruce, the upper coverings of the wings were muslin, the lower covering was seven-ounce army duck. Piano wire held the wings together. The airplane had two seats, and was 36 ft (11 m) in length, powered by modified Rinek motor.
121:, an autobiographical article mentions her grandfather (probably on her mother's side), from whom she inherited her mechanical and inventive talent. Todd's death certificate lists her mother's maiden name as "Unknown Reynolds" and her father as "Unknown Todd".
204:
Commissioner of Public Works. She also considered applying for a permit to fly it anywhere in the United States. Her permit was denied, however. Nevertheless, on
November 7, 1910, the aircraft made a powered hop of 20 ft (6.1 m) over the
137:(she claims in her article that she became the first woman to receive an appointment in the executive department of that state). Then she went back to New York to continue her work with patents, began to study law, and became a member of the first
252:. "'Miss Todd' is a short, stop-motion, musical animation about the first woman in the world to build and design an airplane." The film is inspired by E. Lillian Todd. The film won the Foreign Film Award Gold Medal at the 2013
172:, was among those interested in Todd's work. Mrs. Sage became Todd's patron and gave her $ 7,000 to design and build her aircraft. Todd's first full-sized biplane began construction as early as the fall of 1908 by the
115:, on June 12, 1865. The 1870 U.S. census lists her as "Lily," living with her mother Mary Todd and her sister Cora in the U.S. capital. Her father is not mentioned in the census, however. In the November 1909 issue of
141:(circa 1890). In 1896, she was issued a patent for a typewriter copy-holder (number 553292) which she shared with George W. Parker. Todd later worked as a secretary to the director-general of the
366:
99:
issue of
November 28, 1909, identified her as the first woman in the world to design airplanes, which she started in 1906 or earlier. In 1910, her last design flew, test-piloted by
216:
Todd's career in airplane design ended abruptly after she was hired by Mrs. Sage in
January 1911, despite Mrs. Sage's interest in aviation and the financing of Todd's biplane.
610:
331:
State of
California, Department of Public Health, Vital Statistics, Standard Certificate of Death for E. Lilian Todd filed October 9, 1937 in Los Angeles County
193:
toys. Todd was also credited with inventing and patenting a cabinet with a folding table, a cannon that could be triggered by solar power, a sundial, and an
160:, as well as a sketch of an airplane in a 1906 Parisian newspaper. Later that year, Todd attracted national attention when she exhibited her first design at
138:
152:
After about 1903, Todd turned her attention to "mechanical and aeronautic toys." She was further inspired after seeing airships in London and at the 1904
229:
585:
370:
620:
605:
403:
590:
595:
249:
341:
490:
256:. Additionally, the team put out a book entitled "Miss Todd and Her Wonderful Flying Machine," published by Compendium, Inc.
129:
Todd received her education in
Washington, D.C., and taught herself typewriting to earn a living. Her first job was at the
153:
236:
in
Pasadena. Her body was cremated and her remains were sent to New York where they were buried on June 8, 1938, in the
233:
615:
600:
165:
248:
In 2013, director and animator
Kristina Yee created a short film entitled "Miss Todd" with a student team at the
117:
146:
625:
200:
As she mentions in the 1909 article, Todd wanted to pilot her own airplane and applied for permission at the
228:, during the first half of the 1920s, as noted in the Voter Registrations of 1924 and onward. She moved to
253:
290:
260:
161:
142:
458:
419:
580:
575:
225:
73:
548:
173:
95:
486:
483:
Mrs. Russell Sage: Women's
Activism and Philanthropy in Gilded Age and Progressive Era America
399:
393:
237:
112:
86:
54:
206:
270:, by Kirsten W. Larson, illustrated by Tracy Subisak. The book is for ages seven and up.
30:
569:
210:
201:
177:
100:
90:
194:
169:
134:
263:
released the video "Icarus," which entirely features animation from "Miss Todd."
345:
342:"Woman's Home Companion [October/ November/ December 1909 etc.]: index"
266:
In 2020, Calkins Creek published a non-fiction picture book about Lilian Todd,
540:
93:, was a self-taught inventor who grew up with a love for mechanical devices.
157:
285:
283:
133:, but she left two years later to work in the office of the governor of
440:
311:
502:
130:
515:
367:"Guide to the New York University Woman's Law Class Records"
232:, California, in 1936. Todd died on September 26, 1937, at
485:(Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2006)
268:
WOOD, WIRE, WINGS: Emma Lilian Todd
Invents an Airplane
213:
at the controls, but proved unable to sustain flight.
85:(12 June 1865 – 26 September 1937), originally from
62:
40:
21:
503:Order For Interment for Remains of E. Lillian Todd
291:"A woman inventor who plans and expects to fly"
8:
327:
325:
224:After the death of Mrs. Sage, Todd moved to
501:Moravian Cemetery, Staten Island, New York
505:, June 8th, 1938, www.moraviancemetery.com
29:
18:
197:device that could be attached to a tree.
435:
433:
168:, the widow of financier and politician
139:Woman's Law Class of New York University
459:"The first woman to design an airplane"
279:
143:Women's National War Relief Association
611:Aviation history of the United States
420:"1912-01-26: Aeroplane for Guardsmen"
16:American aviation pioneer (1865–1937)
7:
250:National Film and Television School
14:
392:Ann Lewis Cooper, Sharon Rajnus.
164:in an aero show. Philanthropist
586:20th-century American inventors
551:from the original on 2021-12-15
398:. Zenith Imprint. p. 141.
541:"Elizaveta - Icarus - YouTube"
1:
441:"E. Lillian Todd (section 1)"
395:Stars of the Sky, Legends All
312:"E. Lillian Todd (section 2)"
154:Louisiana Purchase Exposition
621:Burials at Moravian Cemetery
606:Aviation in New York (state)
234:Huntington Memorial Hospital
591:20th-century American women
642:
596:American aviation pioneers
259:In 2015, the music artist
207:Garden City aviation field
28:
424:content.lib.auburn.edu
254:Student Academy Awards
118:Woman's Home Companion
162:Madison Square Garden
520:www.misstoddfilm.com
300:. November 28, 1909.
226:Pasadena, California
147:Spanish–American War
74:Pasadena, California
244:Cultural references
616:Aircraft designers
601:Aviation inventors
298:The New York Times
240:on Staten Island.
174:Wittemann Brothers
96:The New York Times
66:September 26, 1937
445:earlyaviators.com
405:978-1-61060-752-0
316:earlyaviators.com
238:Moravian Cemetery
111:Todd was born in
80:
79:
633:
560:
559:
557:
556:
537:
531:
530:
528:
526:
516:"Miss Todd Film"
512:
506:
499:
493:
479:
473:
472:
470:
469:
455:
449:
448:
437:
428:
427:
416:
410:
409:
389:
383:
382:
380:
378:
373:on July 12, 2009
369:. Archived from
363:
357:
356:
354:
353:
344:. Archived from
338:
332:
329:
320:
319:
308:
302:
301:
295:
287:
202:Richmond Borough
113:Washington, D.C.
87:Washington, D.C.
83:Emma Lilian Todd
69:
55:Washington, D.C.
51:
49:
33:
19:
641:
640:
636:
635:
634:
632:
631:
630:
626:Women engineers
566:
565:
564:
563:
554:
552:
545:www.youtube.com
539:
538:
534:
524:
522:
514:
513:
509:
500:
496:
481:Crocker, Ruth.
480:
476:
467:
465:
457:
456:
452:
439:
438:
431:
418:
417:
413:
406:
391:
390:
386:
376:
374:
365:
364:
360:
351:
349:
340:
339:
335:
330:
323:
310:
309:
305:
293:
289:
288:
281:
276:
246:
222:
186:
127:
109:
76:
71:
67:
58:
52:
47:
45:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
639:
637:
629:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
568:
567:
562:
561:
532:
507:
494:
474:
463:Rosie Riveters
450:
429:
411:
404:
384:
358:
333:
321:
303:
278:
277:
275:
272:
245:
242:
230:Corona Del Mar
221:
218:
185:
182:
126:
123:
108:
105:
78:
77:
72:
70:(aged 72)
64:
60:
59:
53:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
23:E. Lilian Todd
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
638:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
573:
571:
550:
546:
542:
536:
533:
521:
517:
511:
508:
504:
498:
495:
492:
491:0-253-34712-2
488:
484:
478:
475:
464:
460:
454:
451:
446:
442:
436:
434:
430:
425:
421:
415:
412:
407:
401:
397:
396:
388:
385:
372:
368:
362:
359:
348:on 2010-10-17
347:
343:
337:
334:
328:
326:
322:
317:
313:
307:
304:
299:
292:
286:
284:
280:
273:
271:
269:
264:
262:
257:
255:
251:
243:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
219:
217:
214:
212:
211:Didier Masson
208:
203:
198:
196:
190:
183:
181:
179:
178:Staten Island
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
131:Patent Office
124:
122:
120:
119:
114:
106:
104:
102:
101:Didier Masson
98:
97:
92:
91:New York City
88:
84:
75:
65:
61:
56:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
553:. Retrieved
544:
535:
523:. Retrieved
519:
510:
497:
482:
477:
466:. Retrieved
462:
453:
444:
423:
414:
394:
387:
375:. Retrieved
371:the original
361:
350:. Retrieved
346:the original
336:
315:
306:
297:
267:
265:
258:
247:
223:
215:
199:
195:aeolian harp
191:
187:
170:Russell Sage
151:
135:Pennsylvania
128:
116:
110:
94:
89:, and later
82:
81:
68:(1937-09-26)
44:12 June 1865
35:Todd in 1907
581:1937 deaths
576:1865 births
220:Later years
166:Olivia Sage
145:during the
570:Categories
555:2021-01-05
468:2022-03-25
352:2010-07-23
274:References
48:1865-06-12
261:Elizaveta
158:St. Louis
125:Adulthood
107:Childhood
549:Archived
377:July 23,
184:Airplane
525:28 July
46: (
489:
402:
57:, U.S.
294:(PDF)
209:with
527:2015
487:ISBN
400:ISBN
379:2010
63:Died
41:Born
176:of
156:in
572::
547:.
543:.
518:.
461:.
443:.
432:^
422:.
324:^
314:.
296:.
282:^
180:.
149:.
103:.
558:.
529:.
471:.
447:.
426:.
408:.
381:.
355:.
318:.
50:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
