826:(λαοκρατία, "people's rule"), based upon "self-administration, involvement of new categories (mainly women and youths) and popular courts". At the same time, the mechanisms of the "revolutionary order" created by ΕΑΜ were often employed to eliminate political opponents. Within "Free Greece" as the area under EAM control was known, EAM's rule was broadly popular as the elected councils that EAM set up to rule the villages were made up of local people and were responsible to local people. Before the occupation, Greece was ruled in a very centralised way with prefects appointed by the government in Athens ruling the villages and decisions about even matters of purely local concern being made in Athens. A recurring complaint before the war was the decision-making process in Athens was slow and indifferent to local opinion while EAM's system of "people's councils" was considered an improvement. Likewise, the legal system before the war was widely considered to be cumbersome and unfair in the sense that poor and illiterate farmers could not afford a lawyer nor understand the law, causing them to be victimized by those who did. Even for those who could afford lawyers, trials were held only in the district capitals, requiring those concerned to make time-consuming trips to testify. EAM's system of "people's courts" which met in the villages every weekend to hear cases was very popular as the "people's courts" did not require lawyers and the rules of the "people's courts" were very easy to understand. The "people's courts" usually made their decisions quite quickly and tended to respect the informal rules of the village instead of being concerned with the legalities. The "people's courts" were very draconian in their punishments with people who stole or killed livestock being executed for instance, but the simplicity and speed of the "people's courts" together with the convenience of trials being held locally were all felt to compensate. In both the "people's courts" and "people's councils", EAM did not use
688:
experience of defeat in April 1941 made many Greeks receptive to EAM's message. Before the 4th of August Regime was established in 1936, Greek politics were characterized by a "clientelist" system under which a politician, who was usually from a well-off family, would set up a patronage machine that would deliver goods and services in his riding in exchange for the votes of the local people. Under the clientelist system in Greece, issues of ideology or even popularity were often irrelevant as all that mattered was the ability of a politician to reward the men who had voted for him. The clientelist system made politics in Greece very much a transactional and personalized affair, and as a result, most Greek political parties were weakly organized. Greek men usually voted more for the man best perceived to be able to reward his voters rather than a party. Greek politicians jealously guarded control of their patronage machines, and vigorously resisted efforts to create better organized political parties as a threat to their own power. Most notably the attempt by
Eleftherios Venizelos in the 1920s to give the
1048:
and journalists; in contrast before the war, almost the only men elected to represent rural areas were doctors and lawyers. Electoral fraud had been common in rural Greece even before the 4th of August regime was imposed in 1936, and
Mazower wrote "...in this respect at least, things were not much different during the war in "Free Greece", and we should avoid idealising the National Council as an expression of free will". Mazower cautioned that these elections organized by EAM bore a close similarity to the elections organized in wartime Yugoslavia by the Partisans, and that in the same way that the wartime "People's Democracy" in Yugoslavia became a Communist dictatorship after the war, the same thing might have happened in Greece had EAM came to power after the war. Through very sympathetic towards EAM, Mazower wrote that historians should avoid "excessive naivety" about what EAM meant by "revolutionary elections". However, Mazower also wrote that EAM was generally "not regarded as an instrument of Soviet oppression, but on the contrary, as an organisation fighting for national liberation".
728:
the victory of the Greeks up in the mountains of Epirus and in
Albania, where they pushed the Italians out, abruptly, and without any declaration of war, that came later when they had crossed our border; the enthusiasm of the Greeks at that time was such that, and so great the heroism of the boys that were constantly leaving for the Albanian mountains to confront the enemy that had so underhandedly tried to cross the border. And in Athens, every Greek victory was something...very triumphant. And suddenly, we the victors, had become slaves to a much greater power, the Germans...Suddenly, we found ourselves faced with a conqueror that we had already won against, because the Germans had brought in the Italians...that is, Italian orders on the walls, kommandatoura, blockades...for instance, to go from Filothei where we lived by bus (with the very rare buses then) the Italians would make checks. At a stop, they would board the bus, searching around, yelling "Madonna"...and we
875:
devastating effects of the Great Famine of 1941-42 and to carry out social reforms intended to ensure that everyone would receive food. There was constant tension between the demands of the national EAM leadership vs. the local "People's
Committees" who often resisted orders to supply food to other villages in "Free Greece". As part of its "Popular Front" message, EAM appealed to Greek nationalism, saying all Greeks should unite under its banner to fight against the occupation. As EAM was the resistance group most committed to fighting the occupation, many Greek Army officers joined EAM. By 1944, about 800 Army officers together with about 1, 000 officers from the prewar reserves were commanding ELAS
693:
for resistance work. Starting under the 4th of August regime and even more so under the Triple occupation, the clientist system broke down as none of the politicians had the power to alter the policies carried out by the
Bulgarians, Italians and Germans. Much of EAM's appeal centered around the fact that it argued the people should mobilize and organize themselves to cope with the disastrous occupation, instead of passively hoping that one of the traditional politicians might be able to arrange some deal with the Germans to improve living conditions. The British historian David Close wrote: "EAM became a party unique in Greek history in achieving mass support while its leaders remained obscure".
1000:) was one of the first to engage the subject of the Holocaust. The plot concerned two Greek Jews who have both fled to "Free Greece" to escape being deported to the death camps named Haim, the son of a wealthy businessman and Moses, a former employee of Haim's father who has joined EAM. Haim who has become a Zionist plans to move to Palestine after the war and is uncomfortable with living with Christians, but Moses urges him to stay in Greece, arguing that in the "New Greece" that EAM is creating that there will be no more ethnic, racial or religious bigotry. The play ends with Moses persuading Haim to give up his "prewar mentality" and both men become
2854:
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464:
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of Greek women, and EAM as the first organization that took female concerns seriously won significant female support. To justify involving women in public life, EAM argued that in a time of national emergency it was necessary for all Greeks to serve in the resistance. American historian Janet Hart noted that nearly all of the female EAM veterans whom she interviewed in 1990 said their main reason for joining EAM was "intense love of country", noting that in Greece the concept of patriotism is closely linked to the more individualistic concept of
714:"The first goal EAM had set was the fight for life. Against hunger. The first song that was heard was (starts to sing) 'For life and for freedom, bread for our people! The old, women, men and children, for our beloved country.' That was the first hymn of EAM that was heard around the city. It was sung to an old island tune and it went, 'Brothers and sisters, we who are faced with starvation and slavery; we will fight with all our hearts and our strength; for life and for freedom, so that our people might have bread.' That was our first song."
3116:
2632:
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672:(ΑΚΕ). ΕΑΜ's charter called for the "liberation of the Nation from foreign yoke" and the "guaranteeing of the Greek people's sovereign right to determine its form of government". At the same time, while the door was left open to cooperation with other parties, the ΚΚΕ, with its large size concerning its partners, assumed a clearly-dominant position within the new movement. Furthermore, the ΚΚΕ's well-organized structure and its experience with the conditions and necessities of underground struggle were crucial to ΕΑΜ's success.
745:
782:
2889:
2771:
1015:(EKKA), as well as the various minor groupings, were regionally active and mostly military organizations centred on the persons of their leaders, EAM was a true nation-wide mass political movement that tried to "enlist the support of all sections of the population". Although precise numbers do not exist, out of a total Greek population of 7.5 million, at its height in late 1944 EAM numbered, from a low estimate of 500,000–750,000 (according to
930:"I couldn’t go anywhere without my parents knowing where I was going, with whom I was going with, when I would be back. I never went anywhere alone. That is, until the occupation came and I joined the resistance. In the meantime, because we were right in the midst of the enemy, we had an underground press, there at the house...It was very dangerous had to support us...The minute you confront the same danger as a boy, the minute
3189:
36:
702:
793:. Public knowledge of the plans created "a kind of pre-insurrectional atmosphere", which in February 1943 led to a mounting series of strikes in Athens, culminating in an ΕΑΜ-organized demonstration on 5 March, which forced the collaborationist government to back down. In the event, only 16,000 Greeks went to Germany, representing 0.3% of the foreign labour force total.
413:. The fact that a great many of the Communists in Greece had been tortured under the 4th of August Regime, and that the party had been heavily infiltrated by the secret police had contributed much to an embittered, paranoid view of the world. The majority of the Communists had acquired a mentality that saw power as something to be gained and not to be shared.
968:. To address traditional concerns about "family honor", EAM had a strict rule forbidding sexual relationships outside of marriage between male and female members. One female EAM member in a 1990 interview recalled: "We girls and boys weren't really allowed to have romances" Despite the emphasis upon the equality of sexes, in its propaganda recruiting for the
437:" tactic, and tried to engage other parties from the left and the centre, including established pre-war politicians. However, the efforts proved largely fruitless. On 16 July, however, the "National Workers' Liberation Front" (Εθνικό Εργατικό Απελευθερωτικό Μέτωπο, ΕΕΑΜ) was established, bringing the country's labour union organizations together.
1057:
1129:
loyal to the Soviet Union, and that therefore EAM membership was incompatible with being Greek. Former members of EAM were considered by the police to be "dangerous to public welfare", and a great many of the women who served in EAM were raped while a smaller number were executed as "enemies of the Greek family and state".
922:) by Yorgos Kotzioulos, the story line concerns an old man living in a village named Barba Zikos who argues with his son Stavos about EAM's reforms; the elder Zikos contends that equality for women will destroy the traditional Greek family while his son maintains that sexual equality will make the Greek family stronger.
149:
842:
programme. Furthermore, the majority of the Greek
Communists were intellectuals from urban areas who before the war had paid little thought to the problems of rural Greece, and thus most Communists found that the Party's theories were not relevant in the predominately rural "Free Greece". Several of the ELAS
906:
and stated: "In today's struggle for liberty, the mass participation of the modern girl is especially impressive. In city demonstrations, we see her as a pioneer, a fighter, courageous and defying death: first in the line of battle the country girl defends her bread, her crops; but we see her even as an
1076:
with 6 ministers. Disagreements regarding the disarmament of ELAS and the formation of a national army made their ministers, on 1 December, resign. ΕΑΜ organized a demonstration in Athens on 3 December 1944 against
British interference. The exact details of what happened have been debated ever since,
905:
who was against women serving in EAM taken out and shot; regardless if this story was true or not, it was widely believed, and the slogan for EAM members was "respect women or die!" A typical EAM pamphlet "The Modern Girl and Her
Demands" criticized the traditional patriarchal nature of Greek society
887:
A notable aspect of EAM was the emphasis upon sexual equality, which attracted much support from Greek women. Before the war, Greek women were expected to be highly subservient to men, being treated as almost slaves by their fathers, and after their marriages, by their husbands. In rural areas, three
718:
About 300,000 Greeks starved to death during the Great Famine, and as the best organized resistance group, EAM attracted much support. Additionally, the experience of being occupied by
Fascist Italy, a nation that Greece had defeated in 1940-41 caused many to join EAM. Another EAM veteran recalled in
1047:
The elections organized by EAM in 1944 to its
National Council undeniably included a far broader and representative sampling of Greek society than ever before with women sitting on the National Council and in addition on the National Council there were farmers, journalists, workmen, village priests,
925:
One female EAM member later recalled in an interview as an old women in the 1990s: "we women were, socially, in a better position, at a higher level than now...Our organization and our own government...gave so many rights to women that only much later, decades later we were given." Another woman EAM
900:
In terms of gender relations, EAM effected a revolution in the areas under its control, and many Greek women recalled serving in EAM as an empowering experience. EAM differed from the other resistance groups by involving women in its activities and sometimes granting them positions of authority such
892:
serving in rural Greece during the war reported that women were "regarded as little better than animals and treated about the same". Since women did not have the right to vote or hold office in Greece, the clientist system had led Greek politicians to almost totally ignore the concerns and interests
692:
more structure was defeated by various Liberal grandees as a threat to the clientelist system. Unlike the traditional Greek parties that were loose coalitions of various politicians, the Greek Communist Party was a well-organized party designed for an underground struggle, and was much better suited
727:
were the winners, and that played a large role; that is, if the Greeks in Albania hadn't won against the Italians, we might have been otherwise. But, since we felt so proud of winning, so...the feeling in the souls of the young people in Greece and of others, of everyone, was so enormous because of
1128:
to EAM members, the government was suggesting that EAM was a criminal organization of the most unsavory type, which reflected a broader campaign to present resistance by EAM to the Axis occupation as illegitimate and wrong. The government's line was always that EAM was an "anti-national" movement
946:
killed by the tanks, they could no longer say to you, ‘You, you’re a woman, so sit inside while I go to the cinema.’ You gained your equality when you showed what you could endure in terms of the difficulties, the dangers, the sacrifices, and all as bravely and with the same degree of cunning as a
740:
Another reason for EAM's appeal was a desire for a better future after all the wartime sufferings and humiliations, and the feeling that the Greece of the 4th of August Regime was not that future. The 1930s were remembered as the time of the Great Depression and the oppressive 4 August Regime, and
709:
On 10 October, ΕΑΜ published its manifesto and announced itself and its aims to the Greek people. During the autumn of 1941, its influence expanded throughout Greece, either through pre-existing Communist cells or through the spontaneous actions of local "people's committees". The Great Famine had
841:
In Free Greece, there was much differences of opinion about the sort of society that EAM should establish. The Greek Communist Party following Moscow's orders to establish a "Popular Front" against fascism allowed other parties a say in ruling "Free Greece", which considerably diluted its Marxist
752:
Following Communist practice, ΕΑΜ took care to set up a refined system with which to engage and mobilize the mass of the people. ΕΑΜ committees were thus established on a territorial and occupational basis, starting from the local (village or neighbourhood) level and moving up, and subsidiary
687:
In many ways, EAM was a continuation of the Popular Front that the KKE had attempted to create in 1936, but was far more successful. In 1941, the conditions of extreme poverty owing to the economic exploitation by the Axis occupation, most notably the Great Famine of 1941-42 together with the
951:
EAM allowed women to vote in the elections it organized and for the first time in Greek history declared that men and women would receive equal pay. EAM tried to establish a universal education system in rural areas, using the slogan "A school in every village", and made education for girls
874:
The EAM established "People's Committees" to govern villages in "Free Greece" who were supposed to be elected by all people over the age of 17, through in practice EAM sometimes set up "People's Committees" without elections. Much of the work of the "People's Committees" was to mitigate the
362:
force in the country, and the only one with nationwide presence. At the same time, from late 1943 onwards, the political enmity between ΕΑΜ and rival resistance groups from the centre and right evolved into a virtual civil war, while its relationship with the British and the British-backed
854:
were frustrated during with the way that the Party's leadership remained focused on the urban working class as the "vanguard of the revolution", charging that Party needed to broaden its appeal in rural areas. It was pressure from Velouchiotis who has emerged as the most successful of the
1116:, ΚΚΕ was outlawed, and ΕΑΜ/ELAS vilified as an attempt at "communist takeover" and accused of various crimes against political rivals. The issue remains a highly controversial subject. During the civil war and afterwards, those who joined EAM were vilified by the government as
723:"The Greek Resistance was one of the most spontaneous, that is, it wasn't necessary for someone to tell us, "come join this organization to fight the Germans" but, by ourselves, as soon as we saw the Germans were coming down, we experienced a "shock" because,
984:
were always raped to punish them for having in the opinion of the Battalions betrayed their sex by abandoning the traditional subservient role expected of them. It was also common for the Security Battalions to rape women who merely had relatives serving as
4564:
1136:
to power in 1981, however, ΕΑΜ was recognized as a resistance movement and organization (as were already recognized other resistance organizations by the previous conservative governments) and the fighters of ELAS were honoured and given state pensions.
1095:
was signed, leading to the disbandment of ELAS. In April, the SKE and ELD parties left ΕΑΜ. ΕΑΜ was not dissolved but was now for all intents and purposes merely an expression of the ΚΚΕ. During the 1945–1946 period, a conservative terror campaign (the
3206:
883:
were veterans of the Albanian campaign of 1940–41, the "epic of 1940" when Greece defied the world's expectations by defeating Italy, and gave as one of their reasons for joining EAM a desire to uphold Greek national honor by continuing the fight.
1081:
opened fire on the crowd, resulting in 25 dead protesters (including a six-year-old boy) and 148 wounded. The clash escalated into a month-long conflict between ELAS and the British and Greek governmental forces, known as the "December events"
1031:
in 1944. Although the poorer sections of society were naturally well represented, the movement included many of the pre-war elites as well: no fewer than 16 generals and over 1,500 officers of the army, thirty professors of the
952:
compulsory. Women were enlisted in EAM were engaged in social work such as running the food kitchens in towns and villages in "Free Greece" while also working as nurses and washerwomen. At least a quarter of the
379:. The organization reached its peak after liberation in late 1944, when it controlled most of the country, before suffering a catastrophic military defeat against the British and the government forces in the
643:
At the ΚΚΕ's 7th Plenum, the establishment of ΕΑΜ was decided despite the refusal of mainstream politicians to participate. ΕΑΜ was founded on 27 September 1941 by representatives of four left-wing parties:
3218:
420:
and occupation of the country in April–May 1941, several hundred members were able to escape and flee to the underground. Their first task was to reform the party, along with subsidiary groups like the
1019:) up to some 2,000,000 (according to EAM itself) members in its various affiliated organizations, including 50,000–85,000 men in ELAS. The American political scientist Michael Shafer in his 1988 book
409:(KKE) was outlawed and its members persecuted. Its hierarchy and organization suffered heavy blows from Metaxas' efficient security forces, and more than 2,000 Communists were imprisoned or sent to
3813:
498:
4728:
964:
complained in a radio message to SOE headquarters in Cairo that "many weapons are wasted in the hands of women", charging that it was absurd on the part of ELAS to have women fighting as
5347:
433:, the newly reconstituted Communist Party found itself firmly on the anti-Axis camp , a line confirmed by the Party's 6th Plenum during 1–3 July. The Communists were committed to a "
1004:. The play's message was that all Greeks, regardless of their religion will a place in the "New Greece", where Moses insists "Here everything is shared. We live like brothers".
2357:
790:
630:
53:
980:, untranslatable Greek words for which there are no precise English equivalents, but which roughly mean "bravery" and "courage". Women who joined EAM when captured by the
5377:
947:
man. Those old ideas fell aside. That is, the resistance always tried to put the woman next to the man, instead of behind him. She fought a double liberation struggle."
5322:
3864:
493:
5372:
2366:
4862:
3120:
1068:
After Liberation in October 1944, the tensions between ΕΑΜ and anticommunist forces, which were supported by Britain, escalated. Originally, as agreed at the
863:
wrote that EAM "was far from being a Communist monolith", and there was much lively debate within EAM about how a "People's Democracy" was to function. The
5342:
2315:
Wievorka, Olivier; Tebinka, Jacek (2006). "Resisters: From Everyday Life to Counter-state". In Gildea, Robert; Wievorka, Olivier; Warring, Anette (eds.).
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812:
463:
368:
819:", in April; for the first time in Greek electoral history, women were allowed to vote. In the elections, it is estimated that 1,000,000 people voted.
5382:
4125:
3823:
3623:
3563:
3409:
3399:
4985:
4225:
3803:
2842:
2350:
961:
754:
216:
3894:
5327:
1124:
evokes a lifestyle of extreme criminality, as the word is applied to the most disreputable criminals such as serial rapists. By applying the term
623:
4820:
789:
One of the great successes of ΕΑΜ was the mobilization against the plans of the Germans and the collaborationist government to send Greeks into
5367:
5352:
4107:
100:
5312:
4440:
3818:
2901:
2326:
2034:
2015:
1967:
72:
5357:
4077:
2793:
605:
4763:
346:(KKE), but its membership throughout the occupation included several other leftist and republican groups. ΕΑΜ became the first true mass
4072:
3449:
3434:
2343:
385:
clashes. This marked the beginning of its gradual decline, the disarmament of ELAS, and the open persecution of its members during the "
79:
5307:
5046:
3454:
888:
quarters of Greek women were illiterate in the 1930s, and were generally not allowed to go outside alone. One agent from the American
616:
3162:
796:
ELAS fought against German, Italian and Bulgarian occupation forces as well as, by late 1943, anticommunist rival organizations, the
4855:
4718:
4481:
4200:
2956:
2223:
2180:
2158:
2133:
1991:
119:
4980:
3787:
770:
766:
526:
355:
226:
86:
5362:
5066:
4965:
4102:
3354:
2951:
2518:
1008:
797:
4995:
3461:
3076:
2379:
503:
3475:
3377:
2233:
Stavrianos, L. S. (1952). "The Greek National Liberation Front (EAM): A Study in Resistance Organization and Administration".
4474:
4460:
4097:
4092:
4060:
3573:
2871:
2866:
2619:
2609:
1012:
1007:
The position of EAM/ELAS in occupied Greece was unique in several aspects: whereas the other two main resistance groups, the
801:
68:
57:
3777:
758:
661:
306:
5021:
4757:
4288:
3879:
3064:
3589:
1040:
and many ordinary priests. At any given time in 1943 and 1944, about 10% of German forces in Greece were engaged in anti-
5337:
4848:
4805:
4467:
4204:
4053:
3884:
3808:
3497:
3387:
3193:
2936:
2706:
957:
889:
762:
669:
422:
233:
2415:
430:
5253:
5031:
4812:
4777:
4354:
4186:
4087:
3889:
3444:
808:
3201:
3091:
1154:
1100:") was launched against ΕΑΜ-ΚΚΕ supporters. The country became polarized, eventually leading to the outbreak of the
5332:
5302:
5297:
5056:
4889:
4733:
4713:
4488:
4455:
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1073:
478:
4150:
2430:
5237:
5016:
5011:
4990:
4349:
4332:
4320:
4145:
4065:
3930:
3798:
3772:
3767:
2987:
2667:
816:
681:
653:
536:
483:
453:
406:
364:
343:
335:
298:
294:
204:
3349:
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3568:
2911:
2906:
2701:
2450:
302:
2089:
Hart, Janet (Winter 1992). "Cracking the Code: Narrative and Political Mobilization in the Greek Resistance".
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93:
807:ΕΑΜ-ELAS activity resulted in the complete liberation of a large area of the mountainous Greek mainland from
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4420:
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4250:
4135:
3940:
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3169:
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2775:
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2509:
2499:
2440:
1174:
46:
3404:
5036:
3904:
3656:
3542:
3537:
3324:
3320:
3157:
689:
541:
4155:
665:
5117:
4949:
4723:
4608:
4591:
4498:
4359:
4017:
3869:
3651:
3382:
3339:
3245:
2783:
2696:
2060:
Hart, Janet (Fall 1990). "Women in the Greek Resistance: National Crisis and Political Transformation".
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859:
leaders which forced the Party to start making an appeal to rural people in 1942. The British historian
645:
386:
254:
4929:
684:. Siantos with his affable manner and modest ways was much more popular in the party than Zachariadis.
4170:
3899:
744:
334:) was an alliance of various political parties and organizations which fought to liberate Greece from
4904:
4771:
4634:
4559:
4493:
4245:
4230:
4140:
3492:
3255:
3213:
3032:
2758:
2504:
2445:
1159:
1078:
1033:
677:
546:
426:
402:
351:
242:
4240:
3844:
1199:
781:
5147:
4785:
4629:
4571:
4405:
4400:
4364:
3987:
3945:
3935:
3751:
3594:
3558:
3532:
3507:
3359:
3334:
3300:
3295:
3265:
2876:
2743:
2614:
981:
649:
376:
5202:
5187:
5182:
4909:
4576:
4430:
4410:
4032:
4007:
3992:
3604:
3527:
3522:
3285:
3275:
3270:
3250:
3147:
2748:
2494:
2455:
2258:
2250:
2106:
2077:
1133:
1069:
1023:
estimated the total EAM membership in 1944 as about 1.5 million while ELAS fielded about 50, 000
601:
372:
270:
265:
710:
radicalized Greek opinion. One woman from Athens who joined EAM later recalled in an interview::
5162:
5157:
5137:
4750:
4708:
4649:
4601:
4581:
4384:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4160:
4130:
4027:
4022:
3982:
3977:
3925:
3859:
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3736:
3716:
3599:
3329:
3315:
3310:
3152:
3047:
3037:
2941:
2858:
2735:
2649:
2601:
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2425:
2420:
2391:
2322:
2219:
2198:
2176:
2154:
2129:
2044:
2030:
2011:
1987:
1963:
1189:
1164:
1092:
847:
274:
174:
17:
5228:
5223:
5172:
5167:
5142:
5102:
5097:
4939:
4899:
4293:
4165:
3746:
3741:
3731:
3721:
3683:
3290:
3280:
3133:
3115:
3083:
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2513:
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2190:
2098:
2069:
1184:
1169:
1037:
851:
673:
657:
597:
584:
417:
371:, in the areas it had liberated in spring 1944. Tensions were resolved provisionally in the
339:
178:
170:
822:
In the territories that it controlled, ΕΑΜ implemented its own political concept, known as
5274:
5248:
5152:
5132:
5107:
5092:
4919:
4639:
4586:
4539:
4526:
4235:
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4002:
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3972:
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3305:
3042:
2711:
2523:
2489:
1179:
1149:
1101:
1061:
390:
347:
3087:
901:
as appointing women as judges and deputies. A popular story was that Velouchiotis had an
2270:
Thermos, Elias (January 1968). "From Antartes to Symmorites: Road to Greek Fratricide".
5207:
5197:
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5127:
4934:
3839:
3726:
3512:
3502:
3128:
3096:
3059:
2888:
2770:
2553:
2212:
2004:
488:
367:
was characterized by mutual mistrust, leading EAM to establish its own government, the
319:
5291:
5269:
5112:
5087:
4944:
4924:
4644:
4624:
4082:
3616:
2823:
2788:
2568:
2262:
2110:
2081:
1980:
833:
434:
238:
1044:
operations while during the course of occupation ELAS killed about 19, 000 Germans.
4792:
4379:
3225:
3143:
3138:
3052:
3024:
3019:
2946:
2928:
2923:
2828:
2818:
2810:
2805:
2573:
2563:
2168:
1194:
1016:
860:
828:
741:
many Greeks, especially younger Greeks, did not have fond memories of that decade.
258:
871:
bands were often independent-minded men who did not always follow the Party line.
773:" (ELAN), was established later, but its strength and role were severely limited.
2316:
2144:
2119:
5243:
5177:
5061:
4914:
4596:
4220:
3909:
3633:
3628:
3071:
2151:
National Resistance Archives, 1941-1944. 4th Volume "ELAS Partisan Organization"
2126:
National Resistance Archives, 1941-1944. 3rd Volume "ELAS Partisan Organization"
1084:
570:
551:
531:
381:
35:
5051:
3439:
3103:
2102:
2073:
1064:, "What is the National Liberation Front and what does it want?", 1944 edition
284:
211:
2335:
2202:
4871:
4073:
Defenders of Northern Greece (YVE)/Panhellenic Liberation Organization (PAO)
1120:-an untranslatable Greek word meaning roughly hoodlums. In Greece, the term
701:
359:
250:
246:
1036:
and other institutions of higher education, as well as six bishops of the
811:
control, where in March 1944, ΕΑΜ established a separate government, the "
375:
in May 1944, when EAM agreed to enter the Greek government in exile under
4894:
3394:
3188:
2146:Αρχεία Εθνικής Αντίστασης, 1941-1944. Τόμος 4ος "Αντάρτικη Οργάνωση ΕΛΑΣ"
2121:Αρχεία Εθνικής Αντίστασης, 1941-1944. Τόμος 3ος "Αντάρτικη Οργάνωση ΕΛΑΣ"
1113:
942:
attended protest demonstrations along with the boys and some of you were
815:" (PEEA). ΕΑΜ even carried out elections to the PEEA's parliament, the "
4692:
2254:
804:(EKKA). It succeedied in destroying the latter entirely in April 1944.
4840:
2010:. Translated by John Howe. New York and London: Monthly Review Press.
832:, the formal Greek that was the language of the elites, instead using
148:
5071:
4875:
3611:
3260:
2853:
2730:
2596:
2476:
2027:
A People's History of the Second World War: Resistance Versus Empire
1056:
2246:
139:
5041:
1055:
743:
700:
410:
1145:
Some notable members (political, not fighters of ELAS) included:
425:" (Εθνική Αλληλεγγύη, EA) welfare organization 28 May. After the
27:
Greek resistance movement against the Axis occupation during WWII
4975:
4048:
3782:
342:
during the occupation of Greece. Its main driving force was the
4844:
4674:
4523:
4318:
3814:
Organization for the Protection of the People's Struggle (OPLA)
3681:
2985:
2377:
2339:
1027:; by the contrast EDES, EAM's main rival, fielded about 5, 000
2214:
Deadly Paradigms: The Failure of U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy
1960:
Greece The Decade of War Occupation, Resistance, and Civil War
1470:
1468:
29:
2318:
Surviving Hitler and Mussolini: Daily Life in Occupied Europe
2173:
Inside Hitler's Greece: The Experience of Occupation, 1941–44
1072:, ΕΑΜ participated in the government of national unity under
769:" (ELAS) was formed in December 1942, and a crude navy, the "
2006:
The Kapetanios: Partisans and Civil War in Greece, 1943-1949
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
914:, and fighting like a tigress". In the EAM propaganda play
1388:
1386:
1263:
1261:
4729:
Museum of the Battle of Crete and the National Resistance
1914:
1912:
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499:
International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties
1361:
1359:
972:, EAM emphasized traditional masculine values such as
736:
that now we were faced with the Italians in this way".
2053:
Concise History of the National Resistance, 1941-1944
1748:
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2403:
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2049:Συνοπτική Ιστορία της Εθνικής Αντίστασης, 1941-1944
753:
organizations were created: a youth movement, the "
290:
280:
264:
232:
222:
210:
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192:
184:
166:
158:
134:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3819:Slavic-Macedonian National Liberation Front (SNOF)
2211:
2153:]. Athens: Hellenic Army History Directorate.
2128:]. Athens: Hellenic Army History Directorate.
2003:
1979:
3795:Political Committee of National Liberation (PEEA)
956:(guerrillas) serving in the ELAS were women. The
732:them. The Germans we hated, but we just couldn't
3824:Anti-Fascist Committee for a Free Germany (AKFD)
3564:Hellenic Socialist Patriotic Organisation (ESPO)
3804:United Panhellenic Organization of Youth (EPON)
2175:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
1440:
1428:
1416:
1404:
879:bands. About 50% of the men who served as ELAS
5348:Military history of Greece during World War II
761:" (ΕΕΑΜ), and a social welfare organization, "
4856:
2351:
2062:International Labor and Working-Class History
1052:Liberation, Dekemvriana and road to Civil War
624:
389:", leading eventually to the outbreak of the
8:
1112:In its aftermath, and in the context of the
697:Expansion and preparation for armed struggle
494:Initiative of Communist and Workers' Parties
358:(ELAS), quickly grew into the largest armed
4078:Panhellenic Union of Fighting Youths (PEAN)
1088:), which resulted in a government victory.
680:, the ΚΚΕ's proper leader, was interned in
5234:Political Committee of National Liberation
4863:
4849:
4841:
4682:
4671:
4544:
4534:
4520:
4339:
4328:
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3962:
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2847:
2724:
2676:
2590:
2470:
2400:
2387:
2374:
2358:
2344:
2336:
2143:Hellenic Army History Directorate (1998).
2118:Hellenic Army History Directorate (1998).
1880:
1868:
1844:
1832:
1776:
1737:
1713:
1645:
1486:
1474:
1459:
1267:
813:Political Committee of National Liberation
676:was appointed as the acting leader, since
631:
617:
444:
369:Political Committee of National Liberation
131:
4272:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling")
4131:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling")
4054:National Bands of Greek Guerrillas (EOEA)
2218:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
785:Conference of EAM in Kastanitsa, Thessaly
777:First Civil War and "Mountain Government"
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
5378:Political parties disestablished in 1945
4986:United Panhellenic Organization of Youth
2310:] (in Greek). Athens: A. A. Livanis.
2294:] (in Greek). Athens: A. A. Livanis.
2195:Greek Resistance Army: The Story of ELAS
1104:in March 1946, which lasted until 1949.
780:
755:United Panhellenic Organisation of Youth
748:Poster of EAM during the Axis occupation
217:United Panhellenic Organization of Youth
5323:Massacres in Greece during World War II
5062:Coalition of Left Movements and Ecology
4103:Northern Epirus Liberation Front (MAVI)
4049:National Republican Greek League (EDES)
1918:
1901:
1820:
1803:
1788:
1764:
1725:
1701:
1662:
1607:
1595:
1580:
1568:
1553:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1350:
1240:
1215:
934:wrote slogans on the walls, the moment
452:
69:"National Liberation Front" Greece
1856:
1622:
5373:Political parties established in 1941
4821:What Did You Do in the War, Thanasis?
4061:National and Social Liberation (EKKA)
3788:Greek People's Liberation Navy (ELAN)
3783:Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS)
2304:Απομνημονεύματα, Γ' Τόμος (1944-1946)
2288:Απομνημονεύματα, Β' Τόμος (1940-1944)
2055:] (in Greek). Athens: Kapopoulos.
1338:
1252:
1225:
153:ΕΑΜ poster calling "everyone to arms"
7:
4093:National Organization of Crete (ΕΟΚ)
3865:Protests against labour mobilization
1942:
1930:
1752:
1689:
1677:
1498:
1392:
1377:
1365:
1326:
1311:
1296:
1284:
838:, the informal Greek of the masses.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
4282:Asopos Bridge (Operation "Washing")
5343:National Liberation Front (Greece)
5047:Fighting Socialist Party of Greece
2321:. Oxford: Berg. pp. 153–176.
1982:The Origins of the Greek Civil War
910:, wearing the crossed belt of the
765:" (EA). ΕΑΜ's military wing, the "
759:Workers' National Liberation Front
338:. It was the main movement of the
25:
3778:Union of People's Democracy (ELD)
1132:With the coming of the socialist
938:distributed leaflets, the moment
427:German attack on the Soviet Union
5383:1945 disestablishments in Greece
5067:Communist Organization of Greece
3187:
3114:
3018:
2922:
2887:
2852:
2804:
2769:
2729:
2630:
2595:
2534:
2475:
2380:1940–1941 Balkans Campaign
1009:National Republican Greek League
798:National Republican Greek League
462:
429:on 22 June and the break of the
147:
34:
4996:Panhellenic Liberation Movement
3773:Socialist Party of Greece (SKE)
3768:Communist Party of Greece (KKE)
3462:Rescue of the Jews of Zakynthos
2308:Memoirs, Volume III (1944-1946)
504:International Communist Seminar
448:Part of subjects related to the
45:needs additional citations for
5328:Violence against men in Europe
4981:Greek People's Liberation Navy
4976:Greek People's Liberation Army
3574:Greek National Socialist Party
3569:National Union of Greece (EEE)
2872:Central Macedonia Army Section
2867:Eastern Macedonia Army Section
2620:Western Macedonia Army Section
2292:Memoirs, Volume II (1940-1944)
1155:Giannis Ioannidis (politician)
1013:National and Social Liberation
802:National and Social Liberation
771:Greek People's Liberation Navy
767:Greek People's Liberation Army
757:" (EPON), a trade union, the "
356:Greek People's Liberation Army
328:Ethnikó Apeleftherotikó Métopo
227:Greek People's Liberation Army
18:Ethniko Apeleftherotiko Metopo
1:
5368:1941 establishments in Greece
5353:Political movements in Greece
5072:Coalition of the Radical Left
5022:Agricultural and Labour Party
4966:Socialist Workers' Federation
4289:Kidnapping of Heinrich Kreipe
2235:The Journal of Modern History
5313:World War II sites in Greece
4151:Execution of Josef Salminger
2988:Occupation and collaboration
992:Another play by Kotzioulos,
958:Special Operations Executive
890:Office of Strategic Services
670:Agricultural Party of Greece
324:Εθνικό Απελευθερωτικό Μέτωπο
140:Εθνικό Απελευθερωτικό Μέτωπο
5358:Socialist parties in Greece
5254:Athens Polytechnic uprising
4525:Liberation and road to the
4187:Expulsion of Cham Albanians
3445:Jewish cemetery of Salonica
3296:Cephalonia (Acqui Division)
1441:Wievorka & Tebinka 2006
1429:Wievorka & Tebinka 2006
1417:Wievorka & Tebinka 2006
1405:Wievorka & Tebinka 2006
662:Union of People's Democracy
606:Communist parties in Greece
307:Union of People's Democracy
5399:
5057:Democratic Social Movement
4890:Modern Greek Enlightenment
4758:Captain Corelli's Mandolin
4714:Holocaust Museum of Greece
3350:Larissa concentration camp
3345:Haidari concentration camp
2559:Sebastiano Visconti Prasca
2367:Greece during World War II
2025:Gluckstein, Donny (2012).
479:All-Workers Militant Front
5308:Nazi war crimes in Greece
5017:Communist Party of Greece
5012:Socialist Party of Greece
4991:Democratic Army of Greece
4971:National Liberation Front
4719:Kalavryta Massacre Museum
4681:
4670:
4533:
4519:
4327:
4321:Greek government-in-exile
4314:
3931:5/42 Regiment dissolution
3694:
3677:
3455:Expropriation of property
3430:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
2994:
2981:
2386:
2373:
2103:10.1017/S0145553200016680
2074:10.1017/S014754790001019X
2002:Eudes, Dominique (1973).
998:The Suffering of the Jews
682:Dachau concentration camp
654:Socialist Party of Greece
537:Democratic Army of Greece
484:Communist Youth of Greece
407:Communist Party of Greece
365:Greek government in exile
354:. Its military wing, the
344:Communist Party of Greece
323:
316:National Liberation Front
299:Socialist Party of Greece
295:Communist Party of Greece
205:Democratic Army of Greece
146:
137:National Liberation Front
5123:Alexandros Papanastasiou
5027:Agrarian Party of Greece
4800:The 11th Day: Crete 1941
4555:National Bands Agreement
4416:Panagiotis Kanellopoulos
4201:British Military Mission
3809:National Solidarity (EA)
3378:Greek economy, 1941–1944
3092:Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller
2907:2nd New Zealand Division
2451:Italian spring offensive
2272:The Massachusetts Review
2210:Shafer, Michael (1988).
897:(self-worth and honor).
791:forced labour in Germany
578:Komounistiki Epitheorisi
303:Agrarian Party of Greece
5363:1940s in Greek politics
4734:Thessaloniki War Museum
4426:Christodoulos Tsigantes
4421:Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos
4251:Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz
2912:6th Australian Division
2754:Konstantinos Bakopoulos
2500:Charalambos Katsimitros
2197:. London: Birch Books.
1962:. London: I.B. Tauris.
431:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
266:Political position
5037:United Democratic Left
3910:Killing of Franz Krech
3657:Executions of Kokkinia
3543:Dionysios Papadongonas
3538:Ioannis Plytzanopoulos
2952:1st Parachute Division
2671:(April–May 1941)
2519:Dimitrios Papadopoulos
2091:Social Science History
1958:Brewer, David (2016).
1945:, p. 46 & 57.
1175:Miltiadis Porfyrogenis
1065:
949:
786:
749:
738:
716:
706:
542:United Democratic Left
5118:Pandelis Pouliopoulos
4950:Left-wing nationalism
4635:Archbishop Damaskinos
4592:Percentages agreement
4018:Konstantinos Ventiris
3405:Occupation Reichsmark
2957:5th Mountain Division
2784:Henry Maitland Wilson
2610:8th Infantry Division
1978:Close, David (1995).
1059:
928:
784:
747:
721:
712:
705:Guerillas of EAM/ELAS
704:
255:Left-wing nationalism
5032:Democratic Alignment
4905:Democratic socialism
4807:The Guns of Navarone
4772:Ill Met by Moonlight
4451:3rd Mountain Brigade
4246:George Psychoundakis
4231:Patrick Leigh Fermor
3895:Pinerolo disarmament
3493:Georgios Tsolakoglou
2902:1st Armoured Brigade
2894:British Commonwealth
2776:British Commonwealth
2759:Georgios Tsolakoglou
2505:Konstantinos Davakis
1160:Dimitris Partsalidis
1034:University of Athens
678:Nikolaos Zachariadis
352:modern Greek history
243:Socialist patriotism
54:improve this article
5338:Mass murder in 1944
5148:Evripidis Bakirtzis
4786:Ipolochagos Natassa
4630:Georgios Papandreou
4406:Emmanouil Tsouderos
4277:Operation "Animals"
4267:Operation "Albumen"
3988:Komninos Pyromaglou
3946:Red Terror (Greece)
3890:1943 Athens protest
3855:Gorgopotamos Bridge
3752:Evripidis Bakirtzis
3700:National Liberation
3595:Alcibiades Diamandi
3559:Security Battalions
3533:George S. Mercouris
3508:Sotirios Gotzamanis
3450:Baron Hirsch ghetto
3077:XXII Mountain Corps
2877:Epirus Army Section
2615:Epirus Army Section
1986:. London: Longman.
1353:, pp. 108–109.
994:Ta Pathi to Evraion
982:Security Battalions
763:National Solidarity
666:Apostolos Vogiatzis
650:Christos Chomenidis
423:National Solidarity
377:Georgios Papandreou
5203:Andreas Papandreou
5188:Charilaos Florakis
5183:Ioannis Passalidis
4910:Agrarian socialism
4724:Kalpaki War Museum
4577:Lebanon Conference
4443:in the Middle East
4441:Greek Armed Forces
4431:Pafsanias Katsotas
4411:Sofoklis Venizelos
4098:Hellenic Army (ES)
4033:Kimonas Zografakis
4008:Vasileios Sachinis
3993:Antonis Fosteridis
3959:Non-EAM resistance
3624:Cham collaboration
3605:Vassilis Rapotikas
3528:Nikolaos Bourantas
3523:Friedrich Schubert
3498:K. Logothetopoulos
3148:Carlo Vecchiarelli
2749:Alexandros Papagos
2495:Alexandros Papagos
2045:Grigoriadis, Solon
1704:, p. 278-279.
1583:, p. 274-275.
1395:, p. 653-655.
1314:, p. 652-653.
1134:Andreas Papandreou
1070:Lebanon conference
1066:
867:who commanded the
787:
750:
707:
646:Lefteris Apostolou
602:Politics of Greece
373:Lebanon Conference
5333:April 1944 events
5303:Massacres in 1944
5298:Conflicts in 1944
5283:
5282:
5217:Historical events
5163:Nikos Zachariadis
5158:Alexandros Svolos
5138:Aris Velouchiotis
5005:Political parties
4838:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4751:Aera! Aera! Aera!
4709:Athens War Museum
4666:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4650:Nikos Zachariadis
4602:Treaty of Varkiza
4587:Operation "Manna"
4582:Caserta Agreement
4515:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4370:April 1944 mutiny
4310:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4236:Bill Stanley Moss
4195:
4194:
4146:Skala Paramythias
4023:Manolis Paterakis
3983:Dimitrios Psarros
3978:Georgios Kartalis
3954:
3953:
3926:Feneos executions
3737:Alexandros Svolos
3717:Aris Velouchiotis
3673:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3600:Nicolaos Matussis
3470:
3469:
3355:200 of Kaisariani
3234:
3233:
3065:LXVIII Army Corps
3038:Hermann Neubacher
3033:Günther Altenburg
2977:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2942:XXXX Panzer Corps
2837:
2836:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2582:
2581:
2395:(1940–1941)
2392:Greco-Italian War
2328:978-1-84520-181-4
2300:Vafeiadis, Markos
2284:Vafeiadis, Markos
2191:Sarafis, Stefanos
2036:978-1-84964-719-9
2017:978-0-85345-275-1
1969:978-1-78076-854-0
1871:, pp. 44–45.
1835:, pp. 41–42.
1190:Alexandros Svolos
1165:Ioannis Pasalidis
1093:Varkiza agreement
1091:In February, the
1074:George Papandreou
848:Aris Velouchiotis
641:
640:
312:
311:
223:Paramilitary wing
175:Alexandros Svolos
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
5390:
5238:National Council
5229:Greek resistance
5224:Kileler uprising
5173:Ilias Tsirimokos
5168:Markos Vafeiadis
5143:Stefanos Sarafis
5103:Platon Drakoulis
5098:Georgios Skliros
4940:Anti-imperialism
4930:Marxism–Leninism
4900:Social democracy
4865:
4858:
4851:
4842:
4683:
4672:
4568:
4545:
4535:
4521:
4340:
4333:Greek government
4329:
4316:
4294:Damasta sabotage
4211:
3963:
3799:National Council
3747:Markos Vafeiadis
3742:Ilias Tsirimokos
3732:Georgios Siantos
3722:Stefanos Sarafis
3707:
3696:
3679:
3483:
3476:Collaborationist
3413:
3222:
3210:
3192:
3191:
3166:
3134:Pellegrino Ghigi
3119:
3118:
3084:Alexander Andrae
3023:
3022:
3014:
3005:
2996:
2983:
2937:XVIII Army Corps
2927:
2926:
2892:
2891:
2857:
2856:
2848:
2809:
2808:
2794:Bernard Freyberg
2774:
2773:
2734:
2733:
2725:
2687:Operation Lustre
2677:
2672:
2635:
2634:
2600:
2599:
2591:
2549:Benito Mussolini
2539:
2538:
2514:Ioannis Pitsikas
2480:
2479:
2471:
2401:
2396:
2388:
2375:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2337:
2332:
2311:
2295:
2279:
2266:
2229:
2217:
2206:
2186:
2164:
2139:
2114:
2085:
2056:
2040:
2021:
2009:
1997:
1985:
1973:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1905:
1899:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1807:
1801:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1716:, p. 42-43.
1711:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1666:
1660:
1649:
1643:
1626:
1620:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1502:
1501:, p. 55-56.
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1477:, p. 50-51.
1472:
1463:
1457:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1329:, p. 50-51.
1324:
1315:
1309:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1271:
1265:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1229:
1223:
1185:Georgios Siantos
1170:Nikos Ploumpidis
1038:Church of Greece
1021:Deadly Paradigms
926:member recalled:
852:Markos Vafeiadis
817:National Council
674:Georgios Siantos
658:Ilias Tsirimokos
633:
626:
619:
608:
598:Communism Portal
466:
445:
340:Greek Resistance
325:
201:Merged into
179:Ilias Tsirimokos
171:Georgios Siantos
151:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
5398:
5397:
5393:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5279:
5275:Gender equality
5258:
5249:Greek Civil War
5212:
5153:Dimitris Glinos
5133:Kostas Varnalis
5108:Avraam Benaroya
5093:Marinos Antypas
5076:
5000:
4954:
4920:Nationalization
4878:
4869:
4839:
4826:
4743:Popular culture
4738:
4697:
4677:
4654:
4640:Georgios Grivas
4613:
4562:
4560:Plaka agreement
4529:
4503:
4442:
4435:
4389:
4334:
4323:
4298:
4255:
4226:Monty Woodhouse
4191:
4175:
4114:
4037:
4013:Lela Karagianni
4003:Ilias Degiannis
3998:Kostas Perrikos
3973:Napoleon Zervas
3950:
3914:
3885:Kournovo Tunnel
3828:
3756:
3701:
3690:
3661:
3640:
3578:
3547:
3518:Georgios Poulos
3477:
3466:
3416:
3407:
3400:Compulsory loan
3370:
3364:
3230:
3216:
3214:Trifon Trifonov
3204:
3186:
3181:
3170:VIII Army Corps
3160:
3113:
3108:
3043:Walter Schimana
3017:
3009:
3000:
2990:
2961:
2921:
2916:
2886:
2881:
2851:
2833:
2803:
2798:
2768:
2763:
2728:
2716:
2670:
2669:
2668:German invasion
2654:
2629:
2624:
2594:
2578:
2533:
2528:
2524:Georgios Kosmas
2490:Ioannis Metaxas
2474:
2462:
2394:
2393:
2382:
2369:
2364:
2329:
2314:
2298:
2282:
2269:
2232:
2226:
2209:
2189:
2183:
2167:
2161:
2142:
2136:
2117:
2088:
2059:
2043:
2037:
2029:. Pluto Press.
2024:
2018:
2001:
1994:
1977:
1970:
1957:
1954:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1908:
1900:
1887:
1881:Gluckstein 2012
1879:
1875:
1869:Stavrianos 1952
1867:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1845:Stavrianos 1952
1843:
1839:
1833:Stavrianos 1952
1831:
1827:
1819:
1810:
1802:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1777:Gluckstein 2012
1775:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1751:
1744:
1738:Gluckstein 2012
1736:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1714:Gluckstein 2012
1712:
1708:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1676:
1669:
1661:
1652:
1646:Gluckstein 2012
1644:
1629:
1621:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1567:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1516:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1487:Stavrianos 1952
1485:
1481:
1475:Stavrianos 1952
1473:
1466:
1460:Stavrianos 1952
1458:
1447:
1439:
1435:
1427:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1325:
1318:
1310:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1274:
1268:Stavrianos 1952
1266:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1232:
1224:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1180:Petros Kokkalis
1150:Dimitris Glinos
1143:
1141:Notable members
1110:
1102:Greek Civil War
1079:Greek gendarmes
1062:Dimitris Glinos
1054:
800:(EDES) and the
779:
699:
637:
604:
600:
596:
591:
590:
565:
557:
556:
517:
509:
508:
474:
455:
454:Communist Party
443:
418:German invasion
399:
391:Greek Civil War
348:social movement
336:Axis Occupation
305:
301:
297:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
154:
142:
141:
138:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5396:
5394:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5318:1944 in Greece
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5290:
5289:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5231:
5226:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5208:Alexis Tsipras
5205:
5200:
5198:Manolis Glezos
5195:
5193:Maria Damanaki
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5128:Yiannis Ritsos
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5008:
5006:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4962:
4960:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4935:Social justice
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4879:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4860:
4853:
4845:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4803:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4754:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4689:
4687:
4679:
4678:
4675:
4668:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4557:
4551:
4549:
4542:
4531:
4530:
4524:
4517:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4499:336th Squadron
4496:
4494:335th Squadron
4491:
4486:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4462:Vasilissa Olga
4458:
4453:
4447:
4445:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4401:King George II
4397:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4346:
4344:
4343:Events/Battles
4337:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4312:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4274:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4241:Themis Marinos
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4217:
4215:
4208:
4197:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4028:Petrakogiorgis
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3840:Drama uprising
3836:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3727:Andreas Tzimas
3724:
3719:
3713:
3711:
3704:
3692:
3691:
3682:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3513:Georgios Bakos
3510:
3505:
3503:Ioannis Rallis
3500:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3480:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3432:
3426:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3380:
3374:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3211:
3198:
3196:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3158:III Army Corps
3155:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3129:Angelico Carta
3125:
3123:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3097:Fortress Crete
3081:
3080:
3079:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3060:Hellmuth Felmy
3057:
3056:
3055:
3048:Alexander Löhr
3045:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3011:
3002:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2933:
2931:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2815:
2813:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2744:King George II
2740:
2738:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2702:Kleisoura Pass
2699:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2674:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2554:Galeazzo Ciano
2551:
2545:
2543:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2486:
2484:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2398:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2327:
2312:
2296:
2280:
2267:
2247:10.1086/237474
2230:
2224:
2207:
2187:
2181:
2165:
2159:
2140:
2134:
2115:
2097:(4): 631–668.
2086:
2057:
2041:
2035:
2022:
2016:
1999:
1992:
1975:
1968:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1935:
1933:, p. 658.
1923:
1921:, p. 114.
1906:
1904:, p. 294.
1885:
1873:
1861:
1859:, p. 169.
1849:
1837:
1825:
1823:, p. 278.
1808:
1806:, p. 277.
1793:
1791:, p. 188.
1781:
1769:
1767:, p. 285.
1757:
1742:
1730:
1728:, p. 281.
1718:
1706:
1694:
1682:
1667:
1665:, p. 279.
1650:
1627:
1612:
1610:, p. 305.
1600:
1598:, p. 304.
1585:
1573:
1571:, p. 274.
1558:
1556:, p. 300.
1546:
1544:, p. 301.
1534:
1532:, p. 298.
1522:
1520:, p. 268.
1503:
1491:
1479:
1464:
1445:
1443:, p. 170.
1433:
1431:, p. 169.
1421:
1419:, p. 158.
1409:
1407:, p. 165.
1397:
1382:
1380:, p. 650.
1370:
1368:, p. 651.
1355:
1343:
1331:
1316:
1301:
1299:, p. 652.
1289:
1272:
1257:
1245:
1243:, p. 103.
1230:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1200:Giannis Zevgos
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1142:
1139:
1109:
1106:
1053:
1050:
778:
775:
698:
695:
639:
638:
636:
635:
628:
621:
613:
610:
609:
593:
592:
589:
588:
581:
574:
566:
563:
562:
559:
558:
555:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
518:
515:
514:
511:
510:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
489:Panspoudastiki
486:
481:
475:
472:
471:
468:
467:
459:
458:
450:
449:
442:
439:
411:internal exile
403:Metaxas Regime
398:
395:
310:
309:
292:
288:
287:
282:
278:
277:
268:
262:
261:
236:
230:
229:
224:
220:
219:
214:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
168:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
152:
144:
143:
136:
135:
128:
127:
110:September 2018
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5395:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5286:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5270:Demotic Greek
5268:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5215:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5113:Ion Dragoumis
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5088:Rigas Feraios
5086:
5085:
5083:
5079:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5003:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4959:Organizations
4957:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4945:Republicanism
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4925:Welfare state
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4866:
4861:
4859:
4854:
4852:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4823:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:Commemoration
4673:
4669:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4645:Angelos Evert
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4625:Ronald Scobie
4623:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4610:
4607:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4522:
4518:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4489:13th Squadron
4487:
4485:
4484:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4438:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4317:
4313:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4083:Prometheus II
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4066:5/42 Regiment
4064:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:Organizations
4040:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:Organizations
3759:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3680:
3676:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3617:Andon Kalchev
3615:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:Secessionists
3581:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3552:Organizations
3550:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3473:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3422:The Holocaust
3419:
3411:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3190:
3184:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3021:
3015:
3012:
3006:
3003:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2824:Sepp Dietrich
2822:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:Thomas Blamey
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2665:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2569:Ugo Cavallero
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2510:Markos Drakos
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2421:Korytsa/Korcë
2419:
2417:
2416:Elaia–Kalamas
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2330:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2278:(1): 114–122.
2277:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2225:9781400860586
2221:
2216:
2215:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2182:0-300-06552-3
2178:
2174:
2170:
2169:Mazower, Mark
2166:
2162:
2160:960-7897-32-3
2156:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2141:
2137:
2135:960-7897-31-5
2131:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1995:
1993:0-582-06471-6
1989:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1883:, p. 44.
1882:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1850:
1847:, p. 44.
1846:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1782:
1779:, p. 54.
1778:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1758:
1755:, p. 54.
1754:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1740:, p. 43.
1739:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1695:
1692:, p. 55.
1691:
1686:
1683:
1680:, p. 56.
1679:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1648:, p. 42.
1647:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1625:, p. 71.
1624:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1489:, p. 51.
1488:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1462:, p. 50.
1461:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1344:
1341:, p. 71.
1340:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1287:, p. 50.
1286:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1270:, p. 45.
1269:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1255:, p. 70.
1254:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1228:, p. 50.
1227:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1058:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
988:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
962:C.M Woodhouse
959:
955:
948:
945:
941:
937:
933:
927:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
904:
898:
896:
891:
885:
882:
878:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
853:
849:
845:
839:
837:
836:
831:
830:
825:
820:
818:
814:
810:
805:
803:
799:
794:
792:
783:
776:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
746:
742:
737:
735:
731:
726:
720:
715:
711:
703:
696:
694:
691:
690:Liberal Party
685:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
648:for the ΚΚΕ,
647:
634:
629:
627:
622:
620:
615:
614:
612:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
594:
587:
586:
582:
580:
579:
575:
573:
572:
568:
567:
561:
560:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
513:
512:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
470:
469:
465:
461:
460:
457:
451:
447:
446:
441:Establishment
440:
438:
436:
435:Popular Front
432:
428:
424:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
396:
394:
392:
388:
384:
383:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
321:
317:
308:
304:
300:
296:
293:
289:
286:
283:
279:
276:
272:
269:
267:
263:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:Republicanism
237:
235:
231:
228:
225:
221:
218:
215:
213:
209:
206:
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71: –
70:
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65:Find sources:
59:
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49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
5285:
4970:
4819:
4806:
4798:
4793:Mediterraneo
4791:
4784:
4770:
4756:
4749:
4609:White Terror
4482:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4136:Agia Kyriaki
4126:ESPO bombing
4108:
3880:Sarantaporos
3850:Mikro Chorio
3699:
3590:Roman Legion
3435:Thessaloniki
3383:Great Famine
3371:exploitation
3226:Asen Sirakov
3144:Carlo Geloso
3139:Piero Parini
3088:Bruno Bräuer
3053:Army Group E
2947:Luftflotte 4
2829:Kurt Student
2819:Wilhelm List
2692:Metaxas Line
2574:Carlo Geloso
2564:Ubaldo Soddu
2441:Klisura Pass
2317:
2307:
2303:
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2241:(1): 42–55.
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2068:(4): 46–62.
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2005:
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1938:
1926:
1919:Thermos 1968
1902:Mazower 1993
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1821:Mazower 1993
1804:Mazower 1993
1789:Mazower 1993
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1765:Mazower 1993
1760:
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1726:Mazower 1993
1721:
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1702:Mazower 1993
1697:
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1663:Mazower 1993
1608:Mazower 1993
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1596:Mazower 1993
1581:Mazower 1993
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1569:Mazower 1993
1554:Mazower 1993
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1542:Mazower 1993
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1351:Mazower 1993
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1292:
1248:
1241:Mazower 1993
1195:Maria Svolou
1144:
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1111:
1098:White Terror
1090:
1083:
1067:
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547:United Left
521:
473:Affiliations
415:
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387:White Terror
380:
331:
327:
315:
313:
291:Participants
259:Anti-fascism
159:Abbreviation
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
5244:Dekemvriana
5178:Ilias Iliou
4915:Land reform
4597:Dekemvriana
4563: [
4538:Prelude to
4483:Papanikolis
4456:Sacred Band
4360:Wadi Akarit
4350:Mareth Line
4221:Eddie Myers
3870:Fardykambos
3702:Front (EAM)
3688:Free Greece
3634:Xhemil Dino
3408: [
3321:Kallikratis
3217: [
3205: [
3202:Ivan Markov
3161: [
3072:Hubert Lanz
3008:Leaders and
2707:Thermopylae
2431:Morava–Ivan
1857:Shafer 1988
1623:Brewer 2016
1085:Dekemvrianá
1060:Booklet by
1011:(EDES) and
920:The Traitor
571:Rizospastis
552:Synaspismos
532:Dekemvriana
401:During the
382:Dekemvriana
5292:Categories
5052:Greek Left
4572:Red Terror
4365:Dodecanese
4355:El Alamein
4260:Operations
4180:Atrocities
4119:Operations
3919:Atrocities
3905:Agorelitsa
3833:Operations
3684:Resistance
3652:Paramythia
3645:Atrocities
3478:government
3440:Zvi Koretz
3360:Chortiatis
3325:Kali Sykia
3239:Atrocities
3175:XXVI Corps
3104:Max Merten
2446:Trebeshina
1339:Close 1995
1253:Close 1995
1226:Close 1995
1206:References
1118:symmorites
978:pallikaria
916:O Prodotis
908:andartissa
719:interview:
664:(ELD) and
397:Background
285:Secularism
212:Youth wing
80:newspapers
4872:Socialism
4540:Civil War
4527:civil war
4385:Santorini
4156:Xirovouni
4109:others...
3936:Meligalas
3340:Kleisoura
3301:Mesovouno
3286:Domenikon
3276:Lingiades
3271:Kalavryta
3256:Alikianos
3246:Kondomari
3153:11th Army
2999:Occupying
2650:11th Army
2302:(1985b).
2286:(1985a).
2263:143755996
2203:993128877
2111:146969480
2082:146642318
1943:Hart 1990
1931:Hart 1990
1753:Hart 1990
1690:Hart 1990
1678:Hart 1990
1499:Hart 1990
1393:Hart 1992
1378:Hart 1992
1366:Hart 1992
1327:Hart 1990
1312:Hart 1990
1297:Hart 1990
1285:Hart 1990
1211:Citations
1126:symmorite
1122:symmorite
1108:Aftermath
824:laokratia
456:of Greece
416:With the
360:guerrilla
271:Left-wing
251:Communism
247:Socialism
193:Dissolved
5263:Policies
4895:Pacifism
4476:Katsonis
4335:in exile
3629:Këshilla
3395:DEGRIGES
3369:Economic
3251:Kandanos
3194:Bulgaria
3010:commands
2645:9th Army
2456:Hill 731
2193:(1951).
2171:(1993).
2047:(1982).
1114:Cold War
1029:andartes
1025:andartes
1002:andartes
987:andartes
974:leventia
970:andartes
966:andartes
954:andartes
940:you also
936:you also
932:you also
912:andartes
881:andartes
865:kapetans
846:such as
844:kapetans
730:despised
668:for the
660:for the
652:for the
281:Religion
275:far-left
234:Ideology
4702:Museums
4693:Ohi Day
4203: (
4161:Trahili
3860:Meritsa
3330:Anogeia
3316:Viannos
3311:Vorizia
3291:Drakeia
3281:Distomo
3266:Kommeno
3025:Germany
2929:Germany
2811:Germany
2721:Leaders
2680:Battles
2467:Leaders
2426:Saranda
2404:Battles
2255:1871980
1952:Sources
1042:andarte
903:andarte
877:andarte
869:andarte
857:andarte
835:demotic
734:believe
656:(SKE),
516:History
185:Founded
167:Leaders
94:scholar
5081:People
4876:Greece
4686:Events
4618:People
4548:Events
4469:Adrias
4394:People
4375:Rimini
4214:People
4171:Dodona
4166:Menina
4088:Apollo
3966:People
3941:Kilkis
3900:Steiri
3710:People
3612:Ohrana
3486:People
3335:Kedros
3306:Pyrgoi
3261:Doxato
3001:powers
2859:Greece
2736:Greece
2602:Greece
2482:Greece
2436:Himara
2411:Pindus
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2080:
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2014:
1990:
1966:
585:902.gr
405:, the
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5042:PASOK
4883:Ideas
4567:]
4141:Milia
3875:Porta
3412:]
3221:]
3209:]
3165:]
3121:Italy
2843:Units
2712:Crete
2637:Italy
2587:Units
2541:Italy
2306:[
2290:[
2259:S2CID
2251:JSTOR
2149:[
2124:[
2107:S2CID
2078:S2CID
2051:[
564:Media
320:Greek
101:JSTOR
87:books
4813:film
4778:film
4764:film
4380:Symi
3845:Ryka
3797:and
3686:and
3388:GWRA
3323:and
3146:and
3090:and
2697:Vevi
2512:and
2323:ISBN
2220:ISBN
2199:OCLC
2177:ISBN
2155:ISBN
2130:ISBN
2031:ISBN
2012:ISBN
1988:ISBN
1964:ISBN
1077:but
976:and
944:also
895:timi
850:and
809:Axis
527:ELAS
314:The
196:1946
188:1941
73:news
4874:in
4205:SOE
2243:doi
2099:doi
2070:doi
522:EAM
350:in
332:EAM
273:to
162:EAM
56:by
5294::
4565:el
3410:el
3219:bg
3207:bg
3163:it
3086:,
2274:.
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2237:.
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989:.
725:we
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