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in 1783. as: "the science of nations and peoples, or, that study of learned men in which they inquire into the origins, languages, customs, and institutions of various nations, and finally into the fatherland and ancient seats, in order to be able better to judge the nations and peoples in their own
1002:. The distinction between the three terms is increasingly blurry. Ethnology has been considered an academic field since the late 18th century, especially in Europe and is sometimes conceived of as any comparative study of human groups.
1081:
as an early example of ethnology. Lévi-Strauss aimed, through a structural method, at discovering universal invariants in human society, chief among which he believed to be the incest taboo. However, the claims of such cultural
1526:– over 160,000 objects from Pacific, North American, African, Asian ethnographic collections with images and detailed description, linked to the original catalogue pages, field notebooks, and photographs are available online.
1109:
The French school of ethnology was particularly significant for the development of the discipline, since the early 1950s. Important figures in this movement have included Lévi-Strauss,
901:, the study of single groups through direct contact with the culture, ethnology takes the research that ethnographers have compiled and then compares and contrasts different cultures.
1398:
Gheorghiţă Geană, "Discovering the whole of humankind: the genesis of anthropology through the
Hegelian looking-glass." In: Han F. Vermeulen and Arturo Alvarez Roldán, eds.
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1062:, or the pseudo-opposition between "societies with histories" and "societies without histories", judged too dependent on a limited view of
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1679:
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684:
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2067:
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1421:
Voyage round the World in His
Britannic Majesty's Sloop, Resolution, Commanded by Capt. James Cook, during the Years 1772, 3, 4, and 5
1376:
Zmago Šmitek and Božidar
Jezernik, "The anthropological tradition in Slovenia." In: Han F. Vermeulen and Arturo Alvarez Roldán, eds.
1026:
The 15th-century exploration of
America by European explorers had an important role in formulating new notions of the Occident (the
729:
642:
348:
2141:
2097:
928:
Kollár's interest in linguistic and cultural diversity was aroused by the situation in his native multi-ethnic and multilingual
2136:
2056:
1617:
2680:
2675:
2266:
2102:
1572:
1034:". This term was used in conjunction with "savages", which was either seen as a brutal barbarian, or alternatively, as the "
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532:
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95:
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1749:
1632:
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978:, etc.). In some parts of the world, ethnology has developed along independent paths of investigation and
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1389:
Kollár, Adam František − Historiae jurisque publici regni
Ungariae amoenitates, I-II. Vienna., 1783
2608:
2511:
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1931:
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856:') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different
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50:
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1980:
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207:
182:
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1995:
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1520:
describes the languages and ethnic groups found worldwide, grouped by host nation-state.
1086:
have been criticized by various 19th- and 20th-century social thinkers, including Marx,
2603:
2593:
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2501:
2481:
2426:
2015:
1985:
1844:
1811:
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966:", a concept which has been criticized since the 19th century by various philosophers (
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Essai sur le don. Forme et raison de l'échange dans les sociétés archaïques
880:
936:, and by the shifts that began to emerge after the gradual retreat of the
2276:
2241:
1378:
Fieldwork and
Footnotes: Studies in the History of European Anthropology.
979:
39:
31:
1400:
Fieldwork and
Footnotes: Studies in the History of European Anthropology
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952:
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1468:
The
Politics of Ethnicity: Indigenous Peoples in Latin American States
1781:
1523:
1512:
1046:, a classic opposition constitutive of the even more commonly shared
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853:
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1529:
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1821:
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962:
and culture change, and the formulation of generalizations about "
1702:
971:
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1454:
The Gift: The Form and Reason for
Exchange in Archaic Societies
1513:
Webpage "History of German
Anthropology/Ethnology 1945/49-1990
1517:
947:
Among the goals of ethnology have been the reconstruction of
847:
841:
1657:
1524:
Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History
918:
Historiae ivrisqve pvblici Regni Vngariae amoenitates
2637:
2520:
2392:
2195:
2029:
1830:
1695:
1058:, led to the criticism of conceptions of a linear
1050:. The progress of ethnology, for example with
1673:
814:
8:
860:and the relationships between them (compare
916:(1718–1783) who used and defined it in his
1680:
1666:
1658:
1487:"Problemi generali dell'etnologia europea"
821:
807:
58:
1354:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
1324:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
1014:
1004:
879:
1495:La cultura popolare. Questioni teoriche
1309:
1066:as constituted by accumulative growth.
70:
7:
1432:The Elementary Structures of Kinship
988:becoming dominant especially in the
1042:was opposed in a dualist manner to
1452:appears in the English edition as
25:
1618:The New Student's Reference Work
1542:
78:
1069:Lévi-Strauss often referred to
1573:New International Encyclopedia
1448:in 1925, this classic text on
1030:), such as the notion of the "
768:Anthropologists by nationality
1:
1497:(April 1980), pp. 89–96.
1485:Pop, Mihai and Glauco Sanga.
1135:List of scholars of ethnology
1551:Rhyn, G. A. F. Van (1879). "
1530:National Museum of Ethnology
1202:Intangible cultural heritage
1157:Comparative cultural studies
848:
1508:What is European Ethnology?
2702:
2049:Countries by ethnic groups
2044:Contemporary ethnic groups
1648:Collier's New Encyclopedia
1444:. originally published as
1416:Forster, Johann Georg Adam
890:
870:sociocultural anthropology
842:
788:List of indigenous peoples
48:
29:
1626:Butler, Amos W. (1920). "
1598:Ethnology and ethnography
1479:Society Against the State
951:, and the formulation of
533:Cross-cultural comparison
1588:The Nuttall Encyclopædia
1424:(2 vols), London (1777).
1272:Structural functionalism
1020:İzmir Ethnography Museum
932:and his roots among its
705:Historical particularism
30:Not to be confused with
2161:Torres Strait Islanders
2006:Ethnopsychopharmacology
1750:In-group and out-groups
1603:Encyclopædia Britannica
1558:The American Cyclopædia
1436:Structural Anthropology
1267:Structural anthropology
1056:structural anthropology
1022:seen from the courtyard
538:Participant observation
2407:Cultural appropriation
2307:Lineage-bonded society
1633:Encyclopedia Americana
1606:(11th ed.). 1911.
1566:McGee, W. J. (1905). "
1162:Cross-cultural studies
1023:
1012:
888:
680:Cross-cultural studies
27:Branch of anthropology
2681:Sociological theories
2676:Cultural anthropology
2432:Ethnic interest group
2267:Ethnicity in censuses
2217:Cultural assimilation
1718:Ethnolinguistic group
1547:Texts on Wikisource:
1491:La Ricerca Folklorica
1464:Akwe-Shavante society
1292:Critical race studies
1152:Cultural anthropology
1018:
1008:
985:cultural anthropology
891:Further information:
885:Adam František Kollár
883:
876:Scientific discipline
49:For the journal, see
2686:Sociology of culture
2645:Minzu (anthropology)
2614:Separatist movements
2477:Ethnographic village
2302:Legendary progenitor
1937:Transidioethnography
1740:Hyphenated ethnicity
1735:Ethnographic realism
1728:Ethnoreligious group
1460:Maybury-Lewis, David
1428:Lévi-Strauss, Claude
940:in the more distant
773:Anthropology by year
710:Boasian anthropology
685:Cultural materialism
670:Actor–network theory
268:Paleoanthropological
2512:Multinational state
2507:Model minority myth
2394:Multiethnic society
2312:Linguistic homeland
1723:Ethnonational group
1352:Oxford Dictionaries
1322:Oxford Dictionaries
1052:Claude Lévi-Strauss
1010:Claude Lévi-Strauss
995:social anthropology
725:Performance studies
618:Kinship and descent
558:Cultural relativism
208:Paleoethnobotanical
183:Ethnoarchaeological
2492:Middleman minority
2452:Ethnic pornography
2447:Ethnic nationalism
2352:Pantribal sodality
2292:Imagined community
1817:Symbolic ethnicity
1745:Indigenous peoples
1713:Ethnographic group
1257:Secondary research
1197:Indigenous peoples
1119:Germaine Dieterlen
1024:
1013:
930:Kingdom of Hungary
889:
745:Post-structuralism
504:Research framework
2653:
2652:
2574:Ethnic stereotype
2487:Indigenous rights
2472:Ethnographic film
2457:Ethnic theme park
2417:Dominant minority
2412:Diaspora politics
2402:Consociationalism
2337:National language
2222:Cultural identity
2212:Cross-race effect
2156:Aboriginal groups
1252:Scientific Racism
1242:Primitive culture
1177:Cultural survival
914:Adam Franz Kollár
912:) is credited to
831:
830:
730:Political economy
553:Thick description
350:Political economy
213:Zooarchaeological
173:Bioarchaeological
16:(Redirected from
2693:
2544:Ethnic cleansing
2539:Ethnic bioweapon
2422:Ethnic democracy
2031:Groups by region
1981:Ethnomethodology
1964:Ethnomathematics
1954:Ethnolinguistics
1850:Ethnoarchaeology
1682:
1675:
1668:
1659:
1652:
1637:
1622:
1607:
1592:
1577:
1562:
1546:
1474:Clastres, Pierre
1403:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1374:
1368:
1367:
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1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1314:
1297:Cultural studies
1172:Folklore studies
851:
845:
844:
823:
816:
809:
351:
233:Anthrozoological
82:
59:
21:
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2654:
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2633:
2579:Ethnic violence
2527:
2525:ethnic conflict
2523:
2516:
2497:Minority rights
2437:Ethnic majority
2388:
2372:Detribalization
2327:Nation-building
2262:Ethnic religion
2205:
2201:
2191:
2098:Central America
2025:
1996:Ethnophilosophy
1991:Ethnomusicology
1969:Ethnostatistics
1927:Person-centered
1897:Autoethnography
1826:
1691:
1686:
1640:
1625:
1610:
1595:
1580:
1565:
1550:
1504:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1358:on May 15, 2013
1346:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1328:on May 15, 2013
1316:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1217:Critical theory
1142:
1131:
982:doctrine, with
895:
878:
827:
798:
797:
763:
755:
754:
735:Practice theory
675:Alliance theory
665:
657:
656:
652:Postcolonialism
581:
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461:Anthropological
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2601:
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2016:Ethnosemiotics
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2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
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2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2584:Ethnocentrism
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2549:Ethnic hatred
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2526:
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2510:
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2428:
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2368:
2365:
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2353:
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2348:
2345:
2343:
2342:National myth
2340:
2338:
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2330:
2328:
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2323:
2320:
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2303:
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2290:
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2283:
2282:Folk religion
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2257:Ethnic origin
2255:
2253:
2252:Ethnic option
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
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2207:
2204:
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2194:
2186:
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2178:
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2171:
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2166:
2162:
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2152:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2127:Northern Asia
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2103:South America
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2088:United States
2086:
2084:
2081:
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2076:
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2065:
2064:
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2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2021:Ethnotaxonomy
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1976:Ethnomedicine
1974:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:Institutional
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1870:Ethnomycology
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
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1833:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1797:Polyethnicity
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1777:Monoethnicity
1775:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
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1472:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:Mauss, Marcel
1440:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1426:
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1409:
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1260:
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1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1237:Decoloniality
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1227:Postmodernism
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1212:Meta-analysis
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1187:Ethnocentrism
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
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1089:
1085:
1080:
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1072:
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1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:ethnocentrism
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:Western world
1021:
1017:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1001:
1000:Great Britain
997:
996:
991:
990:United States
987:
986:
981:
977:
976:structuralism
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
954:
950:
949:human history
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
926:
923:
920:published in
919:
915:
911:
907:
902:
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886:
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875:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
850:
839:
835:
824:
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817:
812:
810:
805:
804:
802:
801:
794:
793:Organizations
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
765:
759:
758:
751:
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741:
740:Structuralism
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
715:Functionalism
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
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660:
653:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
607:
606:sociocultural
604:
603:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
583:
577:
576:
569:
568:Emic and etic
566:
564:
563:Ethnocentrism
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
522:
519:
518:
517:
514:
512:
511:Anthropometry
509:
508:
505:
500:
499:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
476:Ethnopoetical
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
458:
455:
450:
449:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
431:Transpersonal
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
411:Psychological
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
371:Institutional
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
347:
345:
342:
340:
339:Environmental
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
295:
292:
290:
287:
286:
282:
281:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
227:
222:
221:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
178:Environmental
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
147:
142:
141:
134:
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129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
110:
104:
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97:
94:
92:
89:
88:
86:
85:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:
55:
53:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2619:Xenocentrism
2569:Ethnic slurs
2559:Ethnic party
2522:Ideology and
2442:Ethnic media
2384:White ethnic
2377:Neotribalism
2332:Nation state
2272:Ethnofiction
2203:ethnogenesis
2174:
2167:
2148:
2117:Central Asia
2109:
2062:
2055:
2038:
2011:Ethnoscience
2001:Ethnopoetics
1958:
1949:Ethnohistory
1887:Ethnogeology
1875:Ethnozoology
1865:Ethnoecology
1855:Ethnobiology
1840:Anthropology
1831:
1792:Panethnicity
1708:Ethnic group
1646:
1631:
1616:
1601:
1586:
1571:
1556:
1494:
1490:
1477:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1450:gift economy
1445:
1435:
1431:
1419:
1410:Bibliography
1399:
1394:
1385:
1377:
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1356:the original
1351:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1326:the original
1321:
1312:
1282:Ethnopoetics
1277:Ethnobiology
1232:Postcolonial
1192:Evolutionism
1147:Anthropology
1132:
1108:
1084:universalism
1068:
1040:civilization
1036:noble savage
1025:
993:
983:
964:human nature
960:incest taboo
946:
927:
917:
909:
905:
903:
897:Compared to
896:
833:
832:
778:Bibliography
720:Interpretive
695:Diffusionism
664:Key theories
650: /
580:Key concepts
527:
491:Sociological
471:Ethnological
258:Neurological
243:Evolutionary
188:Experiential
72:Anthropology
51:
18:Ethnologists
2554:Ethnic joke
2362:Tribal name
2347:Origin myth
2322:Mythomoteur
2247:Ethnic flag
2232:Development
1917:Netnography
1892:Ethnography
1882:Ethnocinema
1860:Ethnobotany
1787:Nationality
1348:"ethnology"
1247:Primitivism
1167:Ethnography
1079:cannibalism
980:pedagogical
899:ethnography
648:Colonialism
591:Development
548:Reflexivity
516:Ethnography
466:Descriptive
324:Development
263:Nutritional
238:Biocultural
163:Battlefield
36:Ethnography
2660:Categories
2629:Xenophobia
2624:Xenophilia
2599:Indigenism
2534:Allophilia
2467:Ethnocracy
2357:Statistext
2287:Historical
2180:Indigenous
2132:South Asia
2068:Indigenous
1802:Population
1434:, (1949),
1304:References
1123:Jean Rouch
1111:Paul Rivet
956:invariants
906:ethnologia
836:(from the
628:Prehistory
481:Historical
454:Linguistic
366:Historical
334:Ecological
226:Biological
128:Linguistic
118:Biological
2671:Ethnicity
2666:Ethnology
2589:Ethnocide
2462:Ethnoburb
2367:Tribalism
2150:Australia
2142:West Asia
2122:East Asia
2093:Caribbean
2078:Greenland
1959:Ethnology
1832:Ethnology
1770:Influence
1689:Ethnicity
1643:Ethnology
1628:Ethnology
1613:Ethnology
1583:Ethnology
1568:Ethnology
1553:Ethnology
1518:Languages
1493:, No. 1,
1222:Modernism
1100:Althusser
1088:Nietzsche
1071:Montaigne
1038:". Thus,
910:ethnology
904:The term
893:Ethnicity
852:meaning '
834:Ethnology
601:Evolution
596:Ethnicity
528:Ethnology
406:Political
314:Cognitive
253:Molecular
54:(journal)
52:Ethnology
2609:Nativism
2277:Ethnonym
2242:Ethnarch
2198:Identity
2185:European
2063:Americas
1907:Critical
1902:Clinical
1696:Concepts
1466:(1967),
1362:21 March
1332:21 March
1318:"ethno-"
1140:See also
1129:Scholars
1092:Foucault
1060:progress
953:cultural
925:times."
862:cultural
783:Journals
700:Feminism
486:Semiotic
426:Symbolic
421:Religion
356:Feminist
344:Economic
294:Cultural
248:Forensic
203:Maritime
198:Forensic
193:Feminist
168:Biblical
158:Aviation
123:Cultural
64:a series
62:Part of
40:Etiology
32:Ethology
2638:Related
2297:Kinship
2237:Endonym
2227:Demonym
2175:Oceania
1932:Salvage
1651:. 1921.
1621:. 1914.
1591:. 1907.
1482:(1974).
1470:(2003).
1402:. 1995.
1262:Society
1207:Marxism
1182:Culture
1104:Deleuze
1096:Derrida
1064:history
1044:barbary
942:Balkans
934:Slovaks
858:peoples
638:Society
586:Culture
401:Musical
396:Museums
391:Medical
376:Kinship
329:Digital
304:Applied
96:History
91:Outline
44:Ecology
2169:Europe
2083:Mexico
2073:Canada
2057:Africa
1922:Online
1782:Nation
1438:(1958)
1121:, and
1102:, and
992:, and
922:Vienna
887:, 1779
866:social
854:nation
849:ethnos
613:Gender
543:Holism
441:Visual
416:Public
319:Cyborg
289:Social
153:Aerial
133:Social
2317:Mores
2039:World
1942:Video
1822:Tribe
1538:Japan
1534:Osaka
1380:1995.
1133:See:
1075:essay
1032:Other
968:Hegel
868:, or
843:ἔθνος
838:Greek
762:Lists
643:Value
521:cyber
436:Urban
386:Media
381:Legal
107:Types
42:, or
2111:Asia
1807:Race
1703:Clan
1364:2013
1334:2013
972:Marx
633:Race
623:Meme
361:Food
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