520:"Individual men may be moral in the sense that they are able to consider interests other than their own in determining problems of conduct, and are capable, on occasion, of preferring the advantages of others to their own But all these achievements are more difficult, if not impossible, for human societies and social groups. In every human group there is less reason to guide and to check impulse, less capacity for self-transcendence, less ability to comprehend the need of others and therefore more unrestrained egoism than the individuals, who compose the groups, reveal in their personal relationships."
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you in the land which you are entering to make your own. But if your heart strays, if you refuse to listen, if you let yourself be drawn into worshipping other gods and serving them, I tell you today, you will most certainly perish I set before you life or death, blessing or curse. Choose life, then, so that you and your descendants may live
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467:"If only it were all so simple! If only there were evil people somewhere insidiously committing evil deeds, and it were necessary only to separate them from the rest of us and destroy them. But the line dividing good and evil cuts through the heart of every human being. And who is willing to destroy a piece of his own heart?"
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and allowed them to return to their homeland in the 6th century BCE. Therefore, it is possible that during this period the two peoples exchanged ideas about their view of the world, which would explain the clear reference to ethical dualism expressed and reformulated in Jewish terms in
Chapter 31:15
308:
See, today I set before you life and prosperity, death and disaster. If you obey the commandments of YHVH your God that I enjoin on you today, if you love YHVH your God and follow His ways, if you keep His commandments, His laws, His customs, you will live and increase, and YHVH your God will bless
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This is the judgment, that the Light has come into the world, and men loved the darkness rather than the Light, for their deeds were evil. For everyone who does evil hates the Light, and does not come to the Light for fear that his deeds will be exposed. But he who practices the truth comes to the
448:, which is said to affect all humans equally; therefore evil cannot be seen as the exclusive domain of a determined class or group of people. Hence the conflict between Good and Evil that characterizes the ethical view of dualism comes to exist only in the dimension of
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on the definition of ethical dualism, and use two different definitions as if they are the same. The examples in religion reflect the definition that there are sources of good and evil, and not the definition that some people are purely good and others are purely
472:"Gradually it was disclosed to me that the line separating good and evil passes not through states, nor between classes, nor between political parties either -- but right through every human heart -- and through all human hearts."
405:, the interpretation of events and situation from a perspective of ethical dualism has targeted different groups of people who are regarded as the perpetrators of evil in the world, such as the
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of the individual. Hence, in
Niebuhr's view, ethical dualism should be employed to point out the impossibility of reconciling such conflict between individual and societal
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In other words, ethical dualism basically pictures the existence of two mutually hostile entities, the one representing the origin of all Good and the other of all Evil.
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social configurations into extremes in a way that mutual understanding between the two "poles" is made very difficult or impossible, since the "Them", the "
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Each man and woman, for his or her self, select either of the two The worst mind shall be for the wrongful, and the best mind shall be for the righteous.
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385:, to be original or ultimate like Ahriman, he is instead a deteriorated creature who corrupts people into committing evil, in line with the
236:. The world is therefore identified as the battleground between these two contrasting entities, also associated with light and darkness.
665:
616:
H. B. Kuhn, "Dualism" in
Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, 2nd ed., Walter A. Elwell ed. (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2001), 357.
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Carl
Nielsen Studies, Volume 5, David Fanning, Michael Fjeldsøe, Niels Krabbe, Daniel Grimley Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., Nov 2, 2012
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533:. However, when acting as a member of a group, man appears overwhelmed by moral inability, since the group lacks the organs of
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In Him was life, and the life was the Light of men. The Light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not comprehend it.
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Neither our thoughts, not teachings, nor intellects, nor choices, nor words, nor deeds, nor consciences, nor souls agree.
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entirely and exclusively to a specific group of people, while disregarding or denying one's own capacity to commit evil.
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An
Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies, edited by Orlando O. Espín, James B. Nickoloff, 2008
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158:
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Also, in
Zoroastrianism, there is no room for reconcilement between the two opposing forces of good and evil:
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spirit who chose to do evil and who corrupts people and the physical world. However, unlike
Zoroastrianism,
813:
Mahoney D. J., Aleksandr
Solzhenitsyn: The Ascent from Ideology, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2001.
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Dualism is a theory which interprets any given situation in terms of two contrasting elements, which from a
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also presents some kind of relation to the concept of ethical dualism, as it built on some
Zoroastrianized
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entirely on the group which is perceived to have caused it, thereby leading to a situation of extreme
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One of the most known and clear-cut interpretations of ethical dualism is the one conceptualized by
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of every human being, so that Evil arises in the world through his/her wrong choices and actions.
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Therefore, according to
Niebuhr, man as an individual is naturally provided with some unselfish
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Spatial and Ethical Dualism in Jewish Wisdom and Apocalyptic Literature, John G. Gammie, 1974
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Another interpretation of ethical dualism has been formulated by the theologian and realist
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sense, it is useful to point out how ethical dualism differs from it or what it adds to it.
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which cannot be reduced to each other. Examples of metaphysical dualisms are those between
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The consequence of such stance is the creation of an "Us" versus "Them", thereby
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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn: The Ascent from Ideology, By Daniel J. Mahoney, 2001
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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn: The Ascent from Ideology, By Daniel J. Mahoney, 2001
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of any social situation and resorted to a new formula of "dualistic ethics".
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and their thinking, as there is general agreement among scholars that the
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Light, so that his deeds may be manifested as having been wrought in God.
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is considered by some scholars to be quite similar to the Zoroastrian
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Zoroastrianism and its doctrine of ethical dualism influenced the
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All these cases were and are characterized by a situation of
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An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies
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The Problem of Ethical Dualism, by Michael Hamblin, 2006
802:, 2nd ed., Walter A. Elwell ed., Baker Academic, 2001.
220:, which bases its thought on the figure of the prophet
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rejection of any second eternal being coexistent with
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Hamblin M., The Problem of Ethical Dualism, 2006, on
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King M. L., Reinhold Niebuhr's Ethical Dualism, 1952
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Imputing evil entirely to some people and not others.
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In relation to the theory of dualism in its broader
511:and emphasized the contrast between "moral man and
232:, respectively representing the forces of Good and
180:Ethical dualism, on the other hand, highlights the
652:Where Was God: Evil, Theodicy, and Modern Science
196:forces, like light and darkness, Good and Evil.
870:, The Martin Luther King's Papers Project, 1952
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90:duo, "two") refers to the practice of imputing
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314:Deut. 31:15-19, Jerusalem Bible translation.
188:one, and envisions an inherent situation of
844:Good vs Evil: Dualism in Religious Writings
676:Deut. 31:15-19, Jerusalem Bible translation
331:concepts. For example, the Prologue to the
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862:Zoroastrianism, Judaism and Christianity
184:dimension instead or in addition to the
120:Metaphysical dualism and ethical dualism
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153:consists of two fundamental types of
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149:point of view comes to imply that
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655:. N.p.: Gary Stilwell, 2009, 67.
492:choice. While trying to find the
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381:does not consider Satan, the
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848:Gnoli G., Good and Evil, on
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283:The Jews first came across
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19:Not to be confused with
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58:for more information.
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850:Encyclopædia Iranica
787:, Routhledge, 2013.
697:Bible, John 3:19-21
365:Also, the figure of
293:Babylonian captivity
649:Stilwell, Gary A.
555:Dualistic cosmology
430:social polarization
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360:John 3:19-21, Bible
126:Dualistic cosmology
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403:history
371:Ahriman
296:of the
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151:reality
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600:"Home"
570:Monism
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78:(from
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383:Devil
367:Satan
302:Torah
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103:Other
88:Latin
84:ethos
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488:and
375:evil
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