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structure by complicating the role of parenting within a family of convoluted kinship relations. For example, a female DNA donor would be the clone's genetic twin, rather than mother, complicating the genetic and social relationships between mother and child as well as the relationships between other
1104:
voted to ban the cloning of farm animals (cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, and horses), and the sale of cloned livestock, their offspring, and products derived from them, such as meat and milk. The ban excluded cloning for research, and for the conservation of rare breeds and endangered species. However,
1092:
Critics have raised objections to the FDA's approval of cloned-animal products for human consumption, arguing that the FDA's research was inadequate, inappropriately limited, and of questionable scientific validity. Several consumer-advocate groups are working to encourage a tracking program that
1070:
Critics of pet cloning typically offer three objections: (1) the cloning process causes animals to suffer; (2) widely available pet cloning could have bad consequences for the overwhelming numbers of unwanted companion animals; and, (3) companies that offer pet cloning are deceiving and exploiting
935:
argue that non-human animals possess certain moral rights as living entities and should therefore be afforded the same ethical considerations as human beings. This would negate the exploitation of animals in scientific research on cloning, cloning used in food production, or as other resources for
58:
Opponents of cloning have concerns that technology is not yet developed enough to be safe, and that it could be prone to abuse, either in the form of clones raised as slaves, or leading to the generation of humans from whom organs and tissues would be harvested. Opponents have also raised concerns
1088:
informing the consumer that the meat comes from a cloned animal. In 2007, some meat and dairy producers did propose a system to track all cloned animals as they move through the food chain, suggesting that a national database system integrated into the
National Animal Identification System could
955:
views on cloning are very diverse. While some Hindu people view therapeutic cloning as necessary to fix childlessness, others believe it is immoral to tamper with nature. The
Sanatan Dharm (meaning the eternal set of duties for humans, which is what many people refer to Hinduism as) approves
1096:
A 2013 review noted that there is widespread misunderstanding about cloned and cattle, and found that cloned cattle that reached adulthood and entered the food supply were substantially equivalent to conventional cattle with respect to the quality of meat and milk, and with respect to their
919:
asserts that the reproductive cloning of human beings is contrary to human dignity, that a potential life represented by the embryo is destroyed when embryonic cells are used, and there is a significant likelihood that cloned individuals would be biologically damaged, due to the inherent
1015:, stating that it represents a "grave offense to the dignity of that person as well as to the fundamental equality of all people." Many conservative Christian groups have opposed human cloning and the cloning of human embryos, since they believe that life begins at the moment of
986:
view on cloning is unclear, but some orthodox rabbis allows cloning as a method of reproduction if no other method is available. Also Jewish religion treats all life equally even if it was formed by cloning. Liberal Jewish groups oppose the cloning of humans.
928:
family members and the clone. In another example, there may be expectations that the cloned individuals would act identically to the human from which they were cloned, which could infringe on the right to self-determination.
1084:(FDA) approved the consumption of meat and other products from cloned animals. Cloned-animal products were said to be indistinguishable from the non-cloned animals. Furthermore, companies would not be required to provide
62:
Religious groups are divided, with some opposing the technology as usurping God's place and, to the extent embryos are used, destroying a human life; others support therapeutic cloning's potential life-saving benefits.
47:
perspectives as well. Perspectives on human cloning are theoretical, as human therapeutic and reproductive cloning are not commercially used; animals are currently cloned in laboratories and in livestock production.
2465:
1035:
There are different views when it comes to cloning in Islam, some scholars are of the view that human reproductive cloning is absolutely forbidden whilst others are of the view that there are some exceptions.
1147:
The ethical dilemma of cloning deceased loved ones as well as questions regarding the right of clones to exist alongside their original counterparts as equals are present in the
Japanese version of the film
1833:
831:, are controversial. There have been numerous demands for all progress in the human cloning field to be halted. Most scientific, governmental and religious organizations oppose reproductive cloning. The
2101:
893:
stirred controversy when they publicly stated plans to create a fertility treatment that allows parents who are both infertile to have children with at least some of their DNA in their offspring.
2198:
Watanabe S (September 2013). "Effect of calf death loss on cloned cattle herd derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer: clones with congenital defects would be removed by the death loss".
916:
51:
Advocates support the development of therapeutic cloning in order to generate tissues and whole organs to treat patients who otherwise cannot obtain transplants, to avoid the need for
646:
832:
810:
878:, has gone so far as to argue that "children cloned for therapeutic purposes" such as "to donate bone marrow to a sibling with leukemia" may someday be viewed as heroes.
1001:
Most of the
Christian churches, including World council of Churches and United Methodist Church, oppose the research of cloning of either human embryos or whole human.
1390:
1089:
eventually allow food labeling. However, as of 2013 no tracking system exists, and products from cloned animals are sold for human consumption in the United States.
835:(AAAS) and other scientific organizations have made public statements suggesting that human reproductive cloning be banned until safety issues are resolved. Serious
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901:
55:, and to stave off the effects of aging. Advocates for reproductive cloning believe that parents who cannot otherwise procreate should have access to technology.
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Ethicists have speculated on difficulties that might arise in a world where human clones exist. For example, human cloning might change the shape of
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850:, and tissues and organs for transplantation. Such cells, tissues, and organs would neither trigger an immune response nor require the use of
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Cloning of animals is opposed by animal-groups due to the number of cloned animals that suffer from malformations before they die, and while
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2012:
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2138:"Comments of Consumers Union to US Food and Drug Administration on Docket No. 2003N-0573, Draft Animal Cloning Risk Assessment"
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is allowed in Islam only if it bring benefits to all people and no harm is caused to the animal used in the cloning process.
340:
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1603:
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904:(Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence), one of the considered options to repair the cell depletion related to
471:
1783:
1358:
1507:
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do not believe a fertilized egg constitutes a living being, but still they oppose the cloning of embryonic cells.
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of cloned animals has been approved by the US FDA, its use is opposed by some other groups concerned about
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not as insecure to lay restrictions on scientific endeavours. Another view restricts human cloning. In
1105:
no law was passed after the vote. As of 2024, horse cloning continues to be legal in the EU, with the
956:
therapeutic cloning but does not approve human cloning. In
Hinduism, one view has the creator, or the
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In modern-day India, there have been clones of livestock species. Examples include Garima from the
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1702:
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1536:
1480:
1416:
1296:
1201:
1127:, a Canadian television series, explores the ethics of cloning through its clone protagonists.
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Ending aging: the rejuvenation breakthroughs that could reverse human aging in our lifetime
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also would produce benefits to couples who cannot otherwise procreate. In the early 2000s
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would allow consumers to become more aware of cloned-animal products within their food.
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about how cloned individuals could integrate with families and with society at large.
2601:
2102:"An HSUS Report: Welfare Issues with Genetic Engineering and Cloning of Farm Animals"
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1721:"Jewish Law - Articles ("Cloning People and Jewish Law: A Preliminary Analysis")"
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1989:
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1051:
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602:
411:
373:
71:
2052:"Genetic Copies Of N Bar Primrose 2424 Dominate Sales At 2008 National Western"
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is to grow replacement tissues from stem cells harvested from a cloned embryo.
854:. Both basic research and therapeutic development for serious diseases such as
2406:
2036:
905:
614:
428:
406:
218:
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have been raised by the future possibility of harvesting organs from clones.
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174:
40:
20:
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1970:
1907:
1581:
1484:
1300:
1899:
1706:
1009:, condemned the practice of human cloning, in the magisterial instruction
870:, are areas that might benefit from such new technology. One bioethicist,
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863:
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450:
445:
318:
118:
2184:
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964:, the birth of Mahavira is depicted as an operation of embryo transfer.
1962:
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421:
245:
198:
44:
32:
28:
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2211:
1317:. U.S. Department of Energy Genome Program. 2009-05-11. Archived from
2355:"Commodified Life: Post-Humanism, Cloning and Gender in Orphan Black"
1998:
1685:
Guttman FM, Guttman HA (1980). "Historical Note on Embryo
Transfer".
1531:
The
Perfect Baby: Parenthood in the New World of Cloning and Genetics
972:
924:
912:
855:
1946:
1557:
2466:"Why 'Pokémon: Mewtwo Strikes Back' Is Much Better Than We Thought"
866:, as well as improvements in burn treatment and reconstructive and
846:
believe the practice could provide genetically identical cells for
1672:"Hindu arguments for and against cloning - Fertility issues - BBC"
2521:
975:, where many other clones have been developed in Bovine species.
1815:(1). Michigan Catholic Conference. February 2005. Archived from
983:
67:
2173:"Tell Congress to create a tracking system for cloned animals!"
1931:"Creating Fido's Twin: Can Pet Cloning Be Ethically Justified?"
1130:
The ethics of creating clones for organ harvesting (similar to
2398:
Moral
Theories and Cloning in Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go
2361:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 95–113,
2235:"European parliament votes for extensive animal cloning ban"
1437:"Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights"
1258:. American Institute of Biological Sciences. Archived from
917:
Universal
Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights
2078:"Cloned Beef (and Pork and Milk): It's What's for Dinner"
2536:"The Ethical Problems Surrounding Cloning Technology"
1558:"Human reproductive cloning: a conflict of liberties"
43:
in origin, some of the questions raised are faced by
2054:(Press release). Bovance. 2009-02-03. Archived from
1359:"Should We Really Fear Reproductive Human Cloning?"
1226:
833:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
2555:Human Cloning in Catholic and Islamic Perspectives
1528:
1380:
1193:
911:There are also ethical objections. Article 11 of
2422:"WEB Animation Magazine: 第183回 『ミュウツーの逆襲』疲れました。"
1859:"Animal cloning | Understanding Animal Research"
2359:Science Fiction, Ethics and the Human Condition
31:positions on the practice and possibilities of
1627:"Religions reveal little consensus on cloning"
1113:offering three cloned stallions for breeding.
1751:Gene editing, epigenetic, cloning and therapy
1050:Cloned animals are used in medical research,
804:
8:
2336:"The History Lurking Behind "Orphan Black""
2086:. Vol. 15, no. 11. Archived from
2401:. eScholarship, University of California.
1535:(2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
1275:"Therapeutic cloning: promises and issues"
811:
797:
766:Collapse of the therapy-enhancement divide
81:
2559:University of Religions and Denominations
2284:
2032:"USDA Bets the Farm on Animal ID Program"
1782:Stein R, Boorstein M (13 December 2008).
1474:
1457:Meissner A, Jaenisch R (September 2006).
1290:
1784:"Vatican Ethics Guide Stirs Controversy"
1985:"FDA says cloned animals are OK to eat"
1608:The Humane Society of the United States
1181:
89:
2493:"The Mewtwo Origin Story We Never Got"
944:Religious views of cloning are mixed.
2030:Pentland W, Gumpert DE (2007-12-31).
1802:"On the Ethics of Stem Cell Research"
1744:
1742:
1740:
1252:"Primer on Ethics and Animal Cloning"
920:unreliability of cloning technology.
7:
1411:de Grey AD, Rae M (September 2007).
2527:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2308:Hector, Christopher (16 May 2022).
2109:Humane Society of the United States
1997:. December 28, 2006. Archived from
1654:Journal of Evolution and Technology
2395:Stephanie, Petrillo (2014-01-01).
1884:"Ethical Issues in Animal Cloning"
14:
1382:"In the news: Antinori and Zavos"
1222:"AAAS Statement on Human Cloning"
1082:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
969:National Dairy Research Institute
1574:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00692.x
1415:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
1162:
97:
39:. While many of these views are
2334:Lepore, Jill (April 16, 2015).
1393:from the original on 2016-01-19
783:Therapy-enhancement distinction
2584:"Moving Toward the Clonal Man"
2444:"THE BIRTH OF MEWTWO CD DRAMA"
2310:"Clones – success or failure?"
1749:Elsersawi, Amin (2016-08-05).
1648:Bainbridge WS (October 2003).
1196:Who's Afraid of Human Cloning?
710:Treating executive dysfunction
1:
2567:"The Ethics of Human Cloning"
2551:Seyyed Hassan Eslami Ardakani
2259:Campbell, M.L.H. (May 2018).
1863:Understanding Animal Research
1699:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)45148-4
760:Pontifical and Promethean man
603:Undesirability of immortality
2424:(in Japanese). STYLE CO,.LTD
2261:"Is cloning horses ethical?"
1836:. 2006-04-27. Archived from
1556:Havstad JC (February 2010).
1459:"Mammalian nuclear transfer"
1387:Times Higher Education (THE)
1228:. 2002-02-14. Archived from
1200:. Rowman & Littlefield.
881:Proponents claim that human
16:Variety of ethical positions
2367:10.1007/978-3-319-56577-4_7
2314:The Horse Magazine: Digital
2017:The San Francisco Chronicle
1888:Center for Bioethics Papers
2629:
1935:The Hastings Center Report
1508:"The Real Face of Cloning"
1279:McGill Journal of Medicine
1210:. paperback and hardcover.
1080:On December 28, 2006, the
1064:The Hastings Center Report
1023:denominations such as the
997:Christian views on cloning
994:
936:human use or consumption.
209:Intelligence amplification
2468:. YouChew. Archived from
1625:Sullivan B (2003-11-01).
1337:"What Would a Clone Say?"
1250:McGee G (February 2001).
1168:Contribute your essay on
1097:reproductive capability.
1003:The Roman Catholic Church
2582:Watson JD (1971-05-01).
1882:Fiester A (2005-06-01).
1076:Cloning animals for food
472:Brain–computer interface
2136:Hansen M (2007-04-27).
1929:Fiester A (July 2005).
1687:Fertility and Sterility
1650:"Opposition to Cloning"
1506:Friend T (2003-01-16).
1341:New York Times Magazine
1062:In 2005, an article in
1025:United Church of Christ
852:immunosuppressive drugs
742:Young blood transfusion
53:immunosuppressive drugs
2353:Vint, Sherryl (2017),
2200:Animal Science Journal
2181:Center for Food Safety
1834:"Islam Online - Fatwa"
1463:Developmental Dynamics
1273:Kfoury C (July 2007).
1073:
1005:, under the papacy of
647:Religious response to
598:Against life extension
582:Frankenstein's monster
483:Man-Computer Symbiosis
477:Deep brain stimulation
341:"Nobelist sperm banks"
306:Polygenic (risk) score
240:germline interventions
2571:Saint Vincent College
1900:10.1353/pbm.2005.0072
1154:and its accompanying
1068:
848:regenerative medicine
823:The various forms of
716:Evolutionary humanism
631:That Hideous Strength
567:Stem cell controversy
353:Somatic interventions
2265:Equine Vet Education
1439:. UNESCO. 1997-11-11
1315:"Cloning Fact Sheet"
1256:ActionBioscience.org
1071:grieving pet owners.
948:Jainism and Hinduism
883:reproductive cloning
657:Wisdom of repugnance
621:The Abolition of Man
548:Our Posthuman Future
446:Xanthine derivatives
391:Fetal tissue implant
364:Somatic gene therapy
78:Philosophical debate
1788:The Washington Post
1367:The Huffington Post
1151:Mewtwo Strikes Back
906:cellular senescence
876:New York University
844:therapeutic cloning
842:Advocates of human
727:Anti-aging movement
557:Cloning prohibition
369:for color blindness
309:(technical article)
279:Genetic engineering
274:Genetic enhancement
85:Part of a series on
2565:Logston A (1999).
2472:on August 27, 2018
1476:10.1002/dvdy.20915
1117:In popular culture
700:Augmented learning
2376:978-3-319-56575-0
2277:10.1111/eve.12566
2212:10.1111/asj.12087
2001:on June 13, 2013.
1422:978-0-312-36706-0
1170:Ethics of cloning
1134:) is explored in
1012:Dignitas Personae
887:Severino Antinori
821:
820:
610:Nikolas Kompridis
588:He Jiankui affair
381:Stem-cell therapy
284:Epigenome editing
214:Moral enhancement
91:Human enhancement
25:ethics of cloning
2620:
2593:
2578:
2573:. Archived from
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2239:Science Business
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2183:. Archived from
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2147:. Archived from
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2127:
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2111:. Archived from
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1995:Associated Press
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1633:. Archived from
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1610:. Archived from
1600:
1594:
1593:
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1546:
1534:
1527:McGee G (2000).
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1199:
1186:
1166:
868:cosmetic surgery
837:ethical concerns
813:
806:
799:
636:
626:
553:
542:Francis Fukuyama
517:Appeal to nature
488:
374:in sports doping
314:Prenatal testing
310:
301:Oocyte selection
239:
101:
82:
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2514:Further reading
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2145:Consumers Union
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1947:10.2307/3528826
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1753:. AuthorHouse.
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1249:
1248:
1244:
1235:
1233:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1137:Never Let Me Go
1132:savior siblings
1119:
1078:
1060:
1048:
1033:
999:
993:
981:
950:
942:
940:Religious views
827:, particularly
817:
788:
787:
754:Natura naturans
671:
663:
662:
634:
624:
551:
529:Brave New World
522:Bioconservatism
512:
504:
503:
486:
417:Methamphetamine
386:Embryonic cells
354:
346:
345:
308:
241:
233:
226:
225:
180:Transhumanistic
109:
80:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2626:
2624:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2579:
2577:on 2008-03-25.
2562:
2548:
2532:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2483:
2456:
2435:
2412:
2387:
2375:
2345:
2340:The New Yorker
2326:
2300:
2271:(5): 268–273.
2251:
2233:Kelly, Eanna.
2225:
2190:
2187:on 2009-04-04.
2164:
2128:
2093:
2090:on 2015-04-05.
2068:
2043:
2022:
2004:
1976:
1921:
1874:
1850:
1825:
1822:on 2007-09-28.
1793:
1774:
1759:
1736:
1712:
1693:(5): 513–515.
1677:
1663:
1640:
1637:on 2023-09-04.
1617:
1614:on 2018-05-02.
1595:
1548:
1541:
1519:
1498:
1449:
1428:
1421:
1403:
1389:. 2001-08-10.
1372:
1357:(2009-04-05).
1346:
1335:(2005-12-11).
1324:
1321:on 2013-05-02.
1306:
1265:
1262:on 2013-03-29.
1242:
1213:
1206:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1172:to Wikiversity
1160:
1159:
1145:
1142:Kazuo Ishiguro
1128:
1118:
1115:
1102:European Union
1077:
1074:
1059:
1056:
1047:
1046:Animal cloning
1044:
1040:Animal cloning
1032:
1029:
995:Main article:
992:
989:
980:
977:
949:
946:
941:
938:
931:Proponents of
898:Aubrey de Grey
872:Jacob M. Appel
819:
818:
816:
815:
808:
801:
793:
790:
789:
786:
785:
780:
775:
772:Promethean gap
768:
763:
756:
751:
746:
745:
744:
739:
734:
732:Life extension
729:
719:
712:
707:
702:
697:
696:
695:
688:
672:
669:
668:
665:
664:
661:
660:
653:
644:
639:
638:
637:
627:
612:
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570:
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329:
324:
316:
311:
303:
298:
296:Embryo quality
288:
287:
286:
281:
271:
270:
269:
267:Pre-conception
264:
259:
251:
242:
232:
231:
228:
227:
224:
223:
222:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
185:
184:
183:
182:
177:
172:
165:
163:Posthumanistic
160:
157:Metahumanistic
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
110:
107:
106:
103:
102:
94:
93:
87:
86:
79:
76:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2625:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2540:The Principia
2537:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2484:
2471:
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2460:
2457:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2423:
2416:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2400:
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2388:
2378:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
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2349:
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2330:
2327:
2315:
2311:
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2301:
2296:
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2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2252:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2154:on 2009-12-11
2150:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2129:
2118:on 2010-12-24
2114:
2110:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2072:
2069:
2058:on 2013-09-30
2057:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2026:
2023:
2019:. 2007-12-19.
2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1894:(3): 328–43.
1893:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1875:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1840:on 2006-04-27
1839:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1760:9781524621995
1756:
1752:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1708:
1704:
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1563:
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1544:
1542:0-8476-9758-4
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1520:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1502:
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1482:
1477:
1472:
1469:(9): 2460–9.
1468:
1464:
1460:
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1438:
1432:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1404:
1392:
1388:
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1360:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1285:(2): 112–20.
1284:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1243:
1232:on 2012-09-11
1231:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1209:
1207:0-8476-8782-1
1203:
1198:
1197:
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1171:
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1146:
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1138:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1100:In 2015, the
1098:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1057:
1055:
1054:or for food.
1053:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1004:
998:
990:
988:
985:
978:
976:
974:
970:
965:
963:
959:
954:
947:
945:
939:
937:
934:
933:animal rights
929:
926:
921:
918:
914:
909:
907:
903:
899:
894:
892:
888:
884:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
860:heart disease
857:
853:
849:
845:
840:
838:
834:
830:
829:human cloning
826:
814:
809:
807:
802:
800:
795:
794:
792:
791:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
773:
769:
767:
764:
762:
761:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
743:
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738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
723:
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718:
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708:
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703:
701:
698:
694:
693:
689:
687:
685:
681:
680:
679:
678:
674:
673:
667:
666:
658:
654:
652:
650:
645:
643:
642:"Playing God"
640:
633:
632:
628:
623:
622:
618:
617:
616:
613:
611:
608:
604:
601:
600:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
583:
579:
576:
575:Designer baby
572:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
550:
549:
545:
544:
543:
540:
538:
535:
532:
530:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
514:
508:
507:
500:
497:
493:
490:
484:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
469:
468:
467:Brain implant
465:
464:
463:
462:
461:
452:
449:
448:
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444:
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384:
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370:
367:
366:
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362:
360:
357:
356:
350:
349:
342:
339:
338:
333:
332:Sperm sorting
330:
328:
327:Sex selection
325:
323:
321:
317:
315:
312:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
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158:
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149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
126:"Beneficient"
124:
122:
121:
117:
116:
115:
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2587:
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2496:
2486:
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2470:the original
2459:
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2438:
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2415:
2397:
2390:
2380:, retrieved
2358:
2348:
2339:
2329:
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2313:
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2264:
2254:
2242:. Retrieved
2238:
2228:
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2167:
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2149:the original
2131:
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2113:the original
2096:
2088:the original
2081:
2071:
2060:. Retrieved
2056:the original
2046:
2035:
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2013:"SFgate.com"
2007:
1999:the original
1988:
1979:
1941:(4): 34–39.
1938:
1934:
1924:
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1866:. Retrieved
1862:
1853:
1842:. Retrieved
1838:the original
1828:
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1812:
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1728:. Retrieved
1725:www.jlaw.com
1724:
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1635:the original
1630:
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1431:
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1386:
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1319:the original
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1230:the original
1225:
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1122:
1109:registry in
1107:Zangersheide
1099:
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1069:
1063:
1061:
1049:
1038:
1034:
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1000:
991:Christianity
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951:
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930:
922:
910:
900:'s proposed
895:
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841:
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778:Technophobia
770:
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737:Rejuvenation
715:
705:Deep ecology
691:
683:
676:
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629:
619:
593:Hwang affair
556:
546:
528:
499:Neurohacking
460:Neurological
458:
457:
398:
397:
359:Body hacking
319:
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235:
194:Biohappiness
188:
175:Preventative
136:Compensatory
131:Emancipatory
119:
113:
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18:
2076:Paynter B.
1990:NBCNews.com
1568:(2): 71–7.
1156:radio drama
1058:Pet cloning
1052:pet cloning
971:located in
891:Panos Zavos
412:Amphetamine
253:Counseling
169:Prometheist
151:Libertarian
146:"Directive"
120:Adaptionist
72:food safety
2602:Categories
2407:1114715440
2382:2021-03-24
2158:2009-09-11
2122:2013-09-26
2062:2013-09-26
2037:The Nation
1868:2019-11-14
1844:2019-10-17
1730:2019-10-17
1443:2008-02-27
1397:2024-01-16
1236:2013-12-15
1177:References
1017:conception
615:C.S. Lewis
537:Chesterton
511:Opposition
429:Nootropics
407:Stimulants
219:Prostheses
141:Democratic
2613:Bioethics
2522:"Cloning"
2497:TCGplayer
2491:Pokémom.
2464:NAveryW.
1955:0093-0334
1769:956693135
1604:"Cloning"
1562:Bioethics
1513:USA Today
1021:Christian
722:Longevity
562:Leon Kass
492:Neuralink
439:Piracetam
434:Modafinil
320:Selective
247:Selective
114:Rationale
41:religious
37:of humans
21:bioethics
2476:June 26,
2449:June 26,
2428:June 26,
2319:19 March
2295:29937631
2244:19 March
2220:23829575
1971:16225304
1916:10484539
1908:16085991
1631:NBC News
1590:40051820
1582:19076121
1493:37253523
1485:16881069
1391:Archived
1363:The Blog
1355:Appel JM
1333:Appel JM
1301:18523539
1192:(1998).
1190:Pence GE
1019:. Other
953:Hinduism
864:diabetes
749:Natalism
531:Argument
451:Caffeine
400:Chemical
322:abortion
262:Genomic
257:Genetic
236:De facto
204:Eugenics
189:Paradigm
108:Advocacy
2608:Cloning
2544:Blogger
2502:27 June
2286:5993314
2177:GA3.org
1963:3528826
1707:7002632
1292:2323472
1111:Belgium
979:Judaism
962:Jainism
958:Brahman
825:cloning
670:Related
422:Ritalin
249:Cloning
199:Cyborgs
45:secular
33:cloning
29:ethical
2561:, 2007
2405:
2373:
2293:
2283:
2218:
1969:
1961:
1953:
1914:
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1767:
1757:
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1086:labels
1066:said:
984:Jewish
973:Karnal
925:family
913:UNESCO
862:, and
856:cancer
635:(1945)
625:(1943)
552:(2002)
487:(1960)
23:, the
2152:(PDF)
2141:(PDF)
2116:(PDF)
2105:(PDF)
2083:Wired
1959:JSTOR
1912:S2CID
1820:(PDF)
1809:Focus
1805:(PDF)
1586:S2CID
1489:S2CID
1031:Islam
686:wombs
2504:2021
2478:2021
2451:2021
2430:2021
2403:OCLC
2371:ISBN
2321:2024
2291:PMID
2246:2024
2216:PMID
1967:PMID
1951:ISSN
1904:PMID
1765:OCLC
1755:ISBN
1703:PMID
1660:(2).
1578:PMID
1537:ISBN
1481:PMID
1417:ISBN
1297:PMID
1202:ISBN
902:SENS
889:and
68:meat
2363:doi
2281:PMC
2273:doi
2208:doi
1943:doi
1896:doi
1695:doi
1570:doi
1471:doi
1467:235
1287:PMC
1140:by
915:'s
896:In
874:of
692:IVG
684:Exo
677:ART
649:ART
291:PGD
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1993:.
1987:.
1965:.
1957:.
1949:.
1939:35
1937:.
1933:.
1910:.
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1892:48
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1861:.
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1945::
1918:.
1898::
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1733:.
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