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Temperature increases are directly correlated with invasive pests and disease development, both of which can cause production lost when disregarded. Also increasing is the uncertainty of yearly weather patterns. The growing length of the dry season decreases the amount of rainfall in
Ethiopian forests where coffee is grown. In addition, dramatic forest loss in Ethiopia threatens coffee cultivation by eliminating factors needed, such as forest cover needed to reduce air and soil temperatures. These climate-related abiotic factors have the potential to decrease coffee yield by 70%. To build resilience, relocation of coffee farms into more suitable areas, likely at higher elevation, may be required to sustain Ethiopian coffee production and the Ethiopian economy. Further, farming adaptations could ensure resilience and improve productivity. These adaptions include irrigation to maintain soil water, tree shade management to protect forest cover, mulching to better soil fertility, terracing to improve
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Ethiopian coffee are the EU (about half of exports), East Asia (about a quarter) and North
America. The total area used for coffee cultivation is estimated to be about 4,000 km (1,500 sq mi). The exact size is unknown due to the fragmented nature of the coffee farms. The way of production has not changed much, with nearly all work, cultivating and drying, still done by hand. Ethiopia's coffees can be divided into three main categories, depending on their method of production: Forest Coffees, from wild coffee trees grown mostly in the southwest of the country; Garden Coffees, from trees typically planted around a homestead or other dwelling; Plantation Coffees, from trees grown intensively on large farms.
138:(ECX) launched to ensure the development of the efficient trade of crops, which quickly expanded to include coffee. Through the ECX, coffee is repackaged and categorized, then sold to the highest bidder. The ECX has made coffee more taste-consistent and raised prices for growers. It has also eliminated the buyer's knowledge of the original regional source of a coffee. Tracing coffee is now difficult, and roasters cannot provide fully accurate information regarding Ethiopian coffee purchased from the ECX. The ECX currently accounts for 90% of all of Ethiopia's coffee, but purchasing through cooperatives is being increasingly more common.
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451:'s) standards-based approach would ultimately benefit farmers more. In conclusion of this issue, on 20 June 2007, representatives of the Government of Ethiopia and senior leaders from Starbucks Coffee Company announced that they had executed an agreement regarding distribution, marketing and licensing that recognizes the importance and integrity of Ethiopia's specialty coffee designations. Financial terms regarding this agreement were not disclosed.
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obscure. From Yemen, coffee spread into
Istanbul, Cairo, and Damascus. Ethiopian Christians refrained from drinking coffee due to its perceived association with Muslims until the 19th century. The first coffee houses in Europe opened in Venice in 1645. The first coffee house in the United States began in Boston in 1689. Demand for coffee increased drastically in the 1960s, leading to opening of the first Starbucks store in Seattle in 1971.
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at elevations from 1,500 up to 2,200 meters above sea level. At these elevations the coffee beans can be qualified as “Strictly High Grown” (SHG). Here the
Ethiopian coffees grow more slowly and therefore have more time to absorb nutrients and develop more robust flavors based on the local climate
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The Tea and Coffee
Authority, part of the federal government, handles anything related to coffee and tea, such as fixing the price at which the washing stations buy coffee from the farmers. This is a legacy from a nationalization scheme set in action by the previous regime that turned over all the
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Ethiopia and Oxfam
America urged Starbucks to sign a licensing agreement with Ethiopia to help boost prices paid to farmers. At issue was Starbucks' use of Ethiopia's famed coffee brands—Guji, Sidamo, Yirgacheffe and Harar—that generate high margins for Starbucks and cost consumers a premium, yet
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discovered the coffee plant after noticing the energizing effect the plant had on his flock, but the story did not appear in writing until 1671. After originating in
Ethiopia, coffee was consumed as a beverage in Yemen, possibly around the 6th century, even though the origin of coffee drinking is
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Robert Nelson, the head of the NCA, added that his organization initiated the opposition for economic reasons, "For the U.S. industry to exist, we must have an economically stable coffee industry in the producing world ... This particular scheme is going to hurt the
Ethiopian coffee farmers
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can be divided into three categories: Longberry, Shortberry, and Mocha. Longberry varieties consist of the largest beans and are often considered of the highest quality in both value and flavour. Shortberry varieties are smaller than the
Longberry beans but, are considered a high grade bean in
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Ethiopia is the world's fifth largest producer of coffee, and Africa's top producer, with 496,200 tonnes in 2022. Over 4 million small-scale farmers produce coffee. Half of the coffee is consumed by
Ethiopians, and the country leads the continent in domestic consumption. The major markets for
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Previously, Ethiopia's altitude, temperature, and soil served as opportunities for coffee production. Now, Ethiopia faces constraints pertaining to climate change. The mean annual temperature of Ethiopia has increased rapidly; it is projected to increase by 1.1-3.1 degrees Celsius by 2060.
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The revenues from coffee exports account for 10% of the annual government revenue, because of the large share the industry is given very high priority, but there are conscious efforts by the government to reduce the coffee industry's share of the GDP by increasing the manufacturing sector.
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Starbucks, as part of the deal, also was set to market Ethiopian coffee during two promotional periods in 2008. A Starbucks spokesman said the announcement is "another development" in the relationship with Ethiopia and a way to raise the profile of Ethiopian coffee around the world.
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From 1974 to 1991, Ethiopia was ruled by a Marxist dictatorship. Coffee farms were consolidated into large, collective farms, and required to sell to the government at a subsidized price. After 1991, the government allowed farms to form cooperatives and set fair prices. In 2008, The
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still produced and is known for its distinctive fruity, wine flavour. The shells of the coffee bean are used in a tea called hasher-qahwa. The bean is medium in size with a greenish-yellowish colour. It has medium acidity and full body and a distinctive mocha flavour. Harar is a
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Kaffa coffee is named after the region it comes from, Kaffa, located in south-west Ethiopia. It is also the birthplace of the Arabica plant, mother to all other Arabica coffee plants. Not cultivated nor maintained, the coffee grows wild in the middle of deep forests, between
108:; around 30-35% of foreign income comes from coffee, with an estimated 15 million of the population relying on some aspect of coffee production for their livelihood. In 2013, coffee exports brought in $ 300 million, equivalent to 24% of that year's total exports.
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and soil conditions. The most distinctive flavour notes found in all Sidamo coffees are lemon and citrus with bright crisp acidity. Sidamo coffee includes Yirgachefe Coffee and Guji Coffee. Both coffee types are very high quality.
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It is very likely that in and around this region is where coffee had its origins. Sidamo coffee is well-balanced with cupping notes exhibiting berries and citrus with complex acidity. The coffee hails from the
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spokesman said the deal sounds like a "useful step" as long as farmers are benefiting, and it's a big step from a year ago when Starbucks "wasn't engaging directly (with) Ethiopians on adding value to their
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Facing more than 92,000 letters of concern, Starbucks had placed pamphlets in its stores accusing Oxfam of "misleading behavior" and insisting that its "campaign need to stop". On 7 November,
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coffee bean with sorting and processing done almost entirely by hand. Though processing is done by hand, the laborers are extremely knowledgeable of how each bean is categorized.
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plant, originates. The plant is now grown in various parts of the world; Ethiopia itself accounts for around 17% of the global coffee market. Coffee is important to the
347:. Like most African coffees, Ethiopia Guraferda features a small and greyish bean, yet is valued for its deep, spice and wine or chocolate-like taste and floral aroma.
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or Kaffa regions are kept apart and marketed under their regional name. These regional varieties are trademarked names with the rights owned by Ethiopia.
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washing stations to farmers cooperatives. The domestic market is heavily regulated through licenses, with the goal of avoiding market concentration.
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Starbucks has agreed a wide-ranging accord with Ethiopia to support and promote its coffee, ending a long-running dispute over the issue.
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economically." The NCA claimed the Ethiopian government was being badly advised and this move could price them out of the market.
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Eastern Ethiopia where it originates. Also the Mocha variety is a highly prized commodity. Mocha Harars are known for their
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derided Oxfam's "simplistic" stance and Ethiopia's "economically illiterate" government, arguing that Starbucks' (and
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426:. They claimed this could result in denying Ethiopian coffee farmers potential annual earnings of up to
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Equity Capital From Ancient Partnerships to Modern Exchange Traded Funds By Geoffrey Poitras page 217
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meters above sea level. Kaffa is thus a forest coffee but can also be found as a semi-forest coffee.
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The coffee plant originates in Kaffa Ethiopia. According to legend, the 9th-century goat herder
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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Tadesse, Tesfaye; Tesfaye, Bizuayehu; Abera, Girma (2020-01-01). Yildiz, Fatih (ed.).
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Tadesse, Tesfaye; Tesfaye, Bizuayehu; Abera, Girma (2020-01-01). Yildiz, Fatih (ed.).
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777:"The Early History of Ethiopia's Coffee Trade and the Rise of Shawa"
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and reduce water run-off, and pruning to maximize crop potential.
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is a longstanding tradition which dates back dozens of centuries.
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beans that often have complex chocolate, spice and citrus notes.
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WTO, agriculture, and developing countries: the case of Ethiopia
1118:"Building a climate resilient coffee economy for Ethiopia | Kew"
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30:"Ethiopian Coffee" redirects here. For the football club, see
1171:"Oxfam versus Starbucks: And this time, Oxfam may be wrong"
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for three of the country's coffee beans, Sidamo, Harar and
1505:
1274:
Keyzer, Michiel; Merbis, Max; Overbosch, Geert (2000),
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A training seminar for coffee tasters (cuppers) in 2003
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The coffee paradox: global markets ... - Google Books
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Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science
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Fassica.com - Yirgacheffe Ethiopian Whole Coffe Bean
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Ethiopian coffee beans that are grown in either the
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534:Thomas P. Ofcansky, David H. Shinn (29 Mar 2004).
1295:Weinberg, Bennett Alan; Bealer, Bonnie K (2001).
76:An example of the coffee bean sorting process in
920:. Great Britain: Mitchell Beazley. p. 133.
434:generated very low prices to Ethiopian farmers.
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150:2018 map of Ethiopia's coffee zones and woredas
625:The Archaeology of Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa
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628:. Cambridge University Press. p. 73.
513:Ethiopian Coffee Farmers and Their Stories
1204:"Starbucks chairman, Ethiopia talk beans"
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225:Learn how and when to remove this message
2560:Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment
1233:Coffee Export Impacts Ethiopia’s Economy
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968:Daviron, Benoit; Ponte, Stefano (2005).
2330:Coffee ceremony of Ethiopia and Eritrea
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503:Oromia Coffee Farmers Cooperative Union
2921:List of countries by coffee production
1614:List of countries by coffee production
663:10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.224
508:List of countries by coffee production
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918:The World Atlas of Coffee 2nd Edition
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355:Harar is in the Eastern highlands of
7:
207:adding citations to reliable sources
2926:List of countries by coffee exports
956:Keyzer, Merbis & Overbosch 2000
889:Keyzer, Merbis & Overbosch 2000
2509:United States Barista Championship
1145:"Starbucks in Ethiopia coffee row"
1002:"Starbucks in Ethiopia coffee vow"
25:
1202:Craig Harris (28 November 2007).
754:Food and Agriculture Organization
712:"Coffee in the Ethiopian Economy"
537:Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia
2830:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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1280:, Food & Agriculture Org.,
774:Aregay, Merid W. (March 1988).
651:"Sustainable Coffee Production"
649:Krishnan, Sarada (2017-06-28).
540:. Scarecrow Press. p. 92.
331:"Ethiopia Genika" is a type of
194:needs additional citations for
1475:Growth and Transformation Plan
826:Cousin, Tracey L (June 1997).
782:The Journal of African History
750:"Crops and livestock products"
622:Insoll, Timothy (2003-07-03).
398:Starbucks and Ethiopian coffee
1:
1960:Single-serve coffee container
1092:10.1080/23311932.2020.1741982
1079:Cogent Food & Agriculture
1051:10.1080/23311932.2020.1741982
1038:Cogent Food & Agriculture
88:Coffee production in Ethiopia
2952:Coffee production by country
716:Journal of Ethiopian Studies
1239:Coffee exporter in ethiopia
865:National Geographic Society
828:"Ethiopia Coffee and Trade"
591:Central Intelligence Agency
566:Central Intelligence Agency
412:National Coffee Association
359:. It is one of the oldest
136:Ethiopia Commodity Exchange
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2514:World Barista Championship
1940:Neapolitan flip coffee pot
29:
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794:10.1017/s0021853700035969
339:grown exclusively in the
49:This article needs to be
1566:International Coffee Day
916:Hoffmann, James (2018).
861:"Major coffee producers"
385:Impact of climate change
2962:Agriculture in Ethiopia
2360:Historical coffeehouses
1303:. New York: Routledge.
1259:, MTH Multimedia S.L.,
1188:(subscription required)
493:Agriculture in Ethiopia
2900:United States (Hawaii)
2570:Coffee vending machine
1794:Furan-2-ylmethanethiol
1485:International rankings
1480:Industrial development
1253:Belda, Pascal (2006),
1237:amgcoffeeexport.com -
710:Gulilat, Taye (1963).
286:
285:Ethiopian Sidamo beans
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2375:Viennese coffee house
1906:Karlsbad coffee maker
1151:. UK. 26 October 2006
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32:Ethiopian Coffee F.C.
27:Aspect of agriculture
2535:Coffee and doughnuts
2138:Indian filter coffee
1571:Single-origin coffee
587:"CIA World Factbook"
562:"CIA World Factbook"
402:On 26 October 2006,
203:improve this article
129:Politics and the ECX
2947:Economy of Ethiopia
2575:Used coffee grounds
1354:Economy of Ethiopia
832:American University
320:Ethiopian highlands
106:economy of Ethiopia
2957:Coffee in Ethiopia
2689:Dominican Republic
2580:Sustainable coffee
2277:Organization lists
2238:RĂĽdesheimer Kaffee
2018:Café com cheirinho
1607:Sustainable coffee
1602:Shade-grown coffee
1439:Telecommunications
871:on October 2, 1999
316:province of Sidamo
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277:Regional varieties
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2967:Ethiopian cuisine
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2798:Other cultivators
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2601:Coffee portal
2519:World Brewers Cup
2143:Ipoh white coffee
1624:Coffee wastewater
1592:Coffee production
1576:Third-wave coffee
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1287:978-92-5-104423-0
1266:978-84-607-9667-1
1177:. 7 November 2006
927:978-1-78472-429-0
672:978-0-19-938941-4
635:978-0-521-65702-0
418:application from
414:(NCA) to block a
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2423:Dandelion coffee
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192:This section
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82:Sidama Region
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52:
47:
38:
37:
33:
19:
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2592:
2502:Competitions
2488:Tasse à café
2325:Coffee break
2294:Coffeehouses
2284:Bakery cafés
2253:White coffee
2243:Tenom coffee
2148:Irish coffee
2028:Café de olla
2013:Café au lait
1955:Vacuum maker
1923:Coffee syrup
1913:French press
1779:Caffeic acid
1748:
1741:
1727:
1722:Charrieriana
1720:
1656:
1495:Trade unions
1458:Other topics
1382:
1298:
1276:
1255:
1247:Bibliography
1208:. Retrieved
1206:. Seattle PI
1179:. Retrieved
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1148:
1125:. Retrieved
1121:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1041:
1037:
1016:
1010:. Retrieved
996:
985:. Retrieved
970:
963:
958:, p. 35
943:, p. 79
936:
917:
911:
906:, p. 77
891:, p. 33
884:
873:. Retrieved
869:the original
840:. Retrieved
836:the original
788:(1): 19–25.
785:
781:
769:
757:. Retrieved
744:
722:(1): 47–56.
719:
715:
705:
696:
687:
676:. Retrieved
654:
644:
624:
617:
606:
594:. Retrieved
581:
569:. Retrieved
556:
536:
457:
453:
442:
440:
436:
432:
416:US trademark
401:
392:soil quality
388:
378:
375:
361:coffee beans
354:
330:
312:
288:
263:
260:coffee beans
257:
242:
221:
212:
201:Please help
196:verification
193:
169:
165:
153:
132:
115:
95:
87:
86:
58:
50:
2890:Puerto Rico
2885:Philippines
2729:Ivory Coast
2699:El Salvador
2555:Coffee wars
2385:Substitutes
2355:Coffeehouse
2168:Kopi tubruk
2133:Iced coffee
2113:Frappuccino
2083:Café Cubano
2073:Coffee milk
2053:Caffè mocha
2043:Caffè crema
1901:French drip
1869:Drip coffee
1852:Coffeemaker
1809:Preparation
1789:Coffee bean
1694:Maracaturra
1490:Land reform
1470:Foreign aid
1378:Agriculture
1122:www.kew.org
424:Yirgacheffe
295:Yirgacheffe
2941:Categories
2870:Martinique
2840:Guadeloupe
2835:East Timor
2684:Costa Rica
2540:Coffee bag
2459:Coffee cup
2398:Barley tea
2223:Raf coffee
2203:Marocchino
2193:Long black
2163:Kopi luwak
2103:Flat white
2093:Egg coffee
2058:Cappuccino
2033:Café Touba
1945:Percolator
1847:Chorreador
1767:Components
1699:Maragogipe
1585:Production
1556:Fair trade
1362:Currency:
1181:2 November
1155:2 November
1127:2023-02-27
1012:2007-06-21
987:2011-02-07
941:Belda 2006
904:Belda 2006
875:2010-05-07
759:24 January
693:"Ethiopia"
678:2023-03-07
519:References
258:Ethiopian
215:April 2021
142:Production
2905:Venezuela
2895:Sri Lanka
2739:Nicaragua
2724:Indonesia
2709:Guatemala
2659:by region
2476:Demitasse
2403:Barleycup
2370:Latte art
2365:Kopi tiam
2335:CoffeeCon
2303:Lifestyle
2268:Yuenyeung
2233:Ristretto
2063:Carajillo
1983:Americano
1889:ristretto
1857:Cold brew
1817:AeroPress
1674:Bonifieur
1649:varieties
1551:Economics
1465:Companies
1449:Transport
1101:219086894
1060:219086894
810:154548717
802:0021-8537
728:0304-2243
408:Starbucks
253:Bahir Dar
249:Lake Tana
94:is where
61:July 2023
2880:Paraguay
2820:Cameroon
2759:Thailand
2754:Tanzania
2714:Honduras
2704:Ethiopia
2679:Colombia
2433:Maya nut
2208:Mazagran
2098:Espresso
1978:Affogato
1935:Moka pot
1930:Knockbox
1874:Espresso
1784:Caffeine
1774:Cafestol
1743:Racemosa
1729:Liberica
1434:Taxation
1398:Forestry
1256:Ethiopia
1210:20 March
1149:BBC News
736:41965689
697:Mercanta
471:See also
420:Ethiopia
406:accused
357:Ethiopia
345:Ethiopia
271:peaberry
247:tree on
92:Ethiopia
2855:Jamaica
2810:Bolivia
2769:Vietnam
2694:Ecuador
2665:Top 20
2418:Chicory
2310:Barista
2228:Red eye
2213:Moretta
2078:Cortado
1998:Bicerin
1799:Kahweol
1750:Robusta
1704:Molokai
1679:Bourbon
1664:Benguet
1658:Arabica
1644:Species
1561:History
1444:Tourism
1419:Banking
1393:Fishing
842:May 10,
596:20 July
571:20 July
318:in the
112:History
78:Hawassa
51:updated
2875:Panama
2805:Angola
2764:Uganda
2734:Mexico
2674:Brazil
2612:
2464:sleeve
2438:Postum
2218:Oliang
2123:Garoto
1879:doppio
1837:Chemex
1827:Jebena
1735:Barako
1714:Sagada
1684:Geisha
1544:Topics
1537:Coffee
1424:Energy
1403:Mining
1388:Cotton
1383:Coffee
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465:coffee
327:Genika
309:Sidama
102:coffee
100:, the
2914:Lists
2860:Kenya
2850:Haiti
2815:China
2719:India
2528:Misc.
2481:spoon
2471:Cezve
2443:Qishr
2198:Lungo
2183:Latte
2153:Karsk
2118:GalĂŁo
1884:lungo
1862:nitro
1842:Cezve
1097:S2CID
1056:S2CID
806:S2CID
732:JSTOR
460:Oxfam
430:47m.
404:Oxfam
372:Kaffa
351:Harar
303:Jimma
291:Harar
175:Beans
122:Kaffa
118:Kaldi
2865:Laos
2845:Guam
2825:Cuba
2749:Peru
2493:Zarf
2428:Inka
2408:Caro
2158:Kopi
1993:Bica
1756:Sulu
1709:S795
1689:Kona
1646:and
1305:ISBN
1282:ISBN
1261:ISBN
1212:2015
1183:2009
1157:2009
976:ISBN
922:ISBN
844:2010
798:ISSN
761:2024
724:ISSN
667:ISBN
630:ISBN
598:2010
573:2010
542:ISBN
449:Illy
299:Limu
1087:doi
1046:doi
1006:BBC
790:doi
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