86:
228:
633:
569:
42:
61:
383:
609:
the bases of the pelvic fins extending both forward and backward on the flank. The smooth lanternshark is very similar to but smaller than the blurry lanternshark, attaining a length of 50 cm (20 in). The two species differ in a number of anatomical characteristics, but can be most reliably distinguished by the number of turns in their
608:
is short and broad, with a well-developed lower lobe and a ventral notch near the tip of the upper lobe. The skin is covered by many widely spaced, small blocky denticles not arranged in regular rows, giving it a smooth appearance. The coloration is a uniform dark brown, with a faint black mark over
724:. The smooth lanternshark's slow rates of reproduction and growth may render it vulnerable to population collapse under sustained fishing pressure. However, catch rates currently show no evidence of this occurring, which, coupled with the smooth lanternshark's wide geographic range, has led to the
580:
with short anterior skin flaps. There are 22–31 tooth rows in the upper jaw and 30–53 tooth rows in the lower jaw. Each upper tooth has a narrow smooth-edged central cusp flanked by 1–2 tiny cusplets; mature males over 38 cm (15 in) long grow additional pairs of lateral
672:
at a length of 31–39 cm (12–15 in), and females at a length of 38–47 cm (15–19 in). The length at maturity varies with geographical region, with sharks in the western
Atlantic maturing larger than those from off
704:
and fixed bottom nets, in the eastern
Atlantic and off Japan. This species is one of the three most common sharks caught as bycatch in deepwater fisheries off southern Portugal, along with the
843:
The Fishes of North and Middle
America: A Descriptive Catalogue of the Species of Fish-like Vertebrates Found in the Waters of North America, North of the Isthmus of Panama, Part 1
1157:
995:
2973:
725:
445:); these two species are distinguished from other lantern sharks by their irregularly arranged, truncated (ending in a flat crown as though the tip were cut off)
367:
3012:
3102:
581:
cusplets with age. The lower teeth are smooth, knife-like, and angled, with their bases interlocking to form a continuous cutting surface. The five pairs of
2947:
737:
733:
2986:
1226:
3048:
1141:
979:
920:
825:
1014:
Coelho, R. & K. Erzini (July 2008). "Effects of fishing methods on deep water shark species caught as by-catch off southern
Portugal".
514:
720:). Most captured smooth lanternsharks are discarded, although some may be sold dried and salted for human consumption or processed into
2921:
736:
classified the smooth lanternshark as "At Risk – Naturally
Uncommon" with the qualifiers "Data Poor" and "Secure Overseas" under the
1185:
1051:
Coelho, Rui; Xavier, José C.; Vieira, Cátia; Assis, Carlos; Cherel, Yves; Hill, Simeon; Costa, Esmeralda; Borges, Teresa C. (2012).
544:
at depths of 274–1,000 m (899–3,281 ft), and possibly to as deep as 1,998 m (6,555 ft). Catch data off southern
943:
3074:
3112:
1595:
2991:
2691:
1604:
1171:
Duffy, Clinton A. J.; Francis, Malcolm; Dunn, M. R.; Finucci, Brit; Ford, Richard; Hitchmough, Rod; Rolfe, Jeremy (2018).
1172:
335:
with a truncated shape. This species has a slender, dark brown body with an indistinct black band on the sides over the
2895:
2882:
2743:
85:
3017:
2041:
1219:
2532:
2398:
2314:
2005:
705:
2770:
2752:
2673:
2257:
2014:
1951:
1906:
1845:
1804:
2860:
759:
Finucci, B.; Cheok, J.; Cotton, C.F.; Kulka, D.W.; Neat, F.C.; Rigby, C.L.; Tanaka, S.; Walker, T.I. (2020).
2594:
2585:
2473:
2290:
1942:
1888:
549:
423:
2797:
2822:
2788:
2682:
2059:
2023:
1933:
1924:
1881:
1863:
1822:
1435:
1384:
395:
2900:
2440:
2077:
2050:
1915:
1854:
1366:
1348:
1212:
556:
from the surface to a depth of 708 m (2,323 ft). It has been observed swimming over fields of
200:
530:
3079:
3027:
2869:
2612:
2578:
2449:
2180:
1969:
1813:
1652:
1514:
1505:
677:. This species grows at a slow rate, with the body becoming relatively longer with age. Off southern
438:
331:), both of which are distinguished from other members of their family by small, irregularly arranged
324:
3107:
2725:
2655:
2365:
2198:
2032:
1838:
1402:
1393:
1375:
1357:
713:
576:
Lightly built, the smooth lanternshark has a large head with a pointed snout, large oval eyes, and
403:
217:
50:
783:
2734:
2407:
2248:
2207:
2189:
2086:
2068:
1987:
1978:
1960:
1897:
1831:
1661:
1586:
1321:
1151:
1033:
989:
890:
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486:
407:
363:
240:
80:
2978:
3061:
2908:
2716:
2523:
2347:
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2110:
2101:
1872:
1758:
1698:
1689:
1453:
1444:
1339:
1191:
1181:
1137:
1101:
Coelho, R. & K. Erzini (August 2007). "Population parameters of the smooth lantern shark,
975:
916:
821:
669:
557:
541:
537:
227:
3066:
3004:
2874:
2709:
2700:
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2628:
2603:
2541:
2374:
1776:
1749:
1740:
1426:
1114:
1078:
1068:
1025:
882:
778:
694:
297:
2887:
632:
568:
319:
environments at a depth of 0–708 m (0–2,323 ft). The smooth lanternshark forms a
3035:
2761:
2619:
2431:
2171:
1722:
1490:
1481:
818:
Sharks of the World: An
Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date
446:
332:
41:
2779:
2664:
2482:
2356:
2338:
2281:
1767:
1713:
1312:
1289:
1273:
1267:
506:
462:
458:
137:
127:
3096:
2999:
2646:
2569:
2323:
2239:
2134:
2125:
1731:
1562:
1553:
1174:
Conservation status of New
Zealand chondrichthyans (chimaeras, sharks and rays), 2016
1052:
1016:
939:
769:
729:
674:
657:
502:
494:
434:
371:
340:
320:
308:
70:
65:
1037:
760:
382:
2913:
2514:
2305:
1679:
1538:
1529:
1330:
1303:
1236:
701:
649:
610:
596:. The second dorsal fin is much larger than the first and has a longer spine. The
593:
592:
bears a stout spine in front and originates over the free rear tips of the rounded
490:
474:
300:
293:
167:
157:
17:
1118:
2960:
2854:
2225:
1628:
1619:
645:
526:
522:
1204:
2152:
1791:
1643:
1471:
1261:
1195:
1029:
605:
597:
589:
553:
548:
suggest this species has a preference for rocky substrates, and may conduct a
498:
478:
418:
336:
177:
2926:
2845:
1073:
668:. Females produce an average of 10 young per reproductive cycle. Males reach
2500:
2422:
2389:
681:, males live to at least 13 years of age, and females to at least 17 years.
613:
582:
518:
466:
97:
3040:
865:
Shirai, S. & H. Tachikawa (May 3, 1993). "Taxonomic
Resolution of the
2934:
2839:
2162:
1577:
1255:
952:
721:
678:
665:
653:
601:
545:
470:
352:
304:
117:
1083:
2952:
2556:
894:
690:
577:
356:
316:
312:
289:
2965:
2939:
2464:
1417:
1249:
661:
482:
315:
environments at a depth of 274–1,000 m (899–3,281 ft), and
107:
2816:
886:
339:, and reaches 50 cm (20 in) in length. This slow-growing,
1180:. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation. p. 10.
689:
Large numbers of smooth lanternsharks, predominantly juvenile, are
1279:
869:
Species Group (Elasmobranchii, Etmopteridae), with
Description of
641:
631:
567:
510:
430:
414:
381:
360:
344:
147:
3053:
572:
The smooth lanternshark has a bulbous snout and large oval eyes.
536:
Smooth lanternsharks are usually found on or near the bottom on
348:
2820:
1208:
636:
Adult smooth lanternsharks have sexually dimorphic upper teeth.
754:
752:
906:
904:
1057:(Elasmobranchii: Etmopteridae) in the northeast Atlantic"
820:. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization. p. 82.
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
552:. In the South Atlantic, this shark also inhabits the
374:
because of its wide distribution and limited threats.
1132:
Smith, J.L.B., M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (2003).
1096:
1094:
1009:
1007:
1005:
2829:
2554:
2512:
2499:
2462:
2420:
2387:
2336:
2303:
2279:
2237:
2224:
2160:
2151:
2123:
2099:
1789:
1711:
1687:
1678:
1641:
1617:
1575:
1551:
1527:
1503:
1479:
1470:
1415:
1301:
1288:
656:, as well as crustaceans and fish. This species is
386:Early illustration of a smooth lanternshark, from
970:Compagno, L.J.V., M. Dando and S. Fowler (2005).
965:
963:
411:Transactions of the Zoological Society of London
1053:"Feeding ecology of the deep-sea lanternshark
368:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1220:
784:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161443A888910.en
8:
1156:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
994:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
913:Handbook of Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent Fauna
974:. Princeton University Press. p. 105.
355:. Smooth lanternsharks are often caught as
2817:
2509:
2234:
2157:
1684:
1476:
1298:
1227:
1213:
1205:
934:
932:
911:Desbruyères, D. & M. Segonzac (1997).
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
461:, the smooth lanternshark occurs from the
226:
59:
40:
31:
1082:
1072:
845:. Government Printing Office. p. 55.
841:Jordan, D.S. & B.W. Evermann (1896).
782:
738:New Zealand Threat Classification System
370:(IUCN) has evaluated this species as of
1105:, in southern Portugal (NE Atlantic)".
748:
1149:
987:
529:(including the Amber Seamount and off
413:. This species was later moved to the
600:are low and angular, and there is no
402:, was published by British biologist
7:
3028:8112c5e9-63ae-490a-b49b-5e5409007aa3
3103:IUCN Red List least concern species
770:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
433:. The smooth lanternshark forms a
388:A history of the fishes of Madeira
25:
640:The smooth lanternshark feeds on
235:Range of the smooth lanternshark
1596:South China cookiecutter shark (
505:, it has been reported from the
84:
2692:Indonesian shortsnout spurdog (
1605:Largetooth cookiecutter shark (
732:. In June 2018 the New Zealand
538:continental and insular shelves
515:Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
398:of the smooth lanternshark, as
915:. Editions Quae. p. 223.
1:
2744:Indonesian greeneye spurdog (
1119:10.1016/j.fishres.2007.04.006
2042:Velvet belly lantern shark (
700:, and to a lesser extent in
2533:Southern mandarin dogfish (
2399:Smallmouth velvet dogfish (
2315:Largespine velvet dogfish (
2006:Dense-scale lantern shark (
3129:
2771:Western longnose spurdog (
2753:Western longnose spurdog (
2674:Eastern longnose spurdog (
2258:Shortnose velvet dogfish (
2015:West Indian lanternshark (
1952:Slendertail lanternshark (
1907:Broadbanded lanternshark (
1846:Cylindrical lanternshark (
1805:New Zealand lanternshark (
734:Department of Conservation
485:) in the east, and on the
406:, in an 1839 issue of the
263:Etmopterus frontimaculatus
2595:Western highfin spurdog (
2586:Eastern highfin spurdog (
2474:Japanese velvet dogfish (
2291:Longnose velvet dogfish (
1943:Blackbelly lanternshark (
1889:Blackmouth lanternshark (
1244:
1030:10.1007/s10750-008-9335-y
956:. September 2009 version.
816:Compagno, L.J.V. (1984).
706:velvet belly lanternshark
246:
239:
234:
225:
206:
199:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
2789:Kermadec spiny dogfish (
2683:Northern spiny dogfish (
2060:Tasmanian lanternshark (
2024:Fringefin lanternshark (
1934:Smalleye lantern shark (
1925:Caribbean lanternshark (
1864:Combtooth lanternshark (
1823:Shorttail lanternshark (
1436:Rough longnose dogfish (
1385:Leafscale gulper shark (
1074:10.3989/scimar.03540.07B
942:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
453:Distribution and habitat
359:in eastern Atlantic and
2798:Spotted spiny dogfish (
2441:Pacific sleeper shark (
2078:Hawaiian lanternshark (
2051:Splendid lanternshark (
1916:Southern lanternshark (
1855:Tailspot lanternshark (
1367:Smallfin gulper shark (
1349:Blackfin gulper shark (
550:diel vertical migration
343:shark feeds on smaller
3113:Fish described in 1839
2450:Little sleeper shark (
2181:Caribbean roughshark (
1970:African lanternshark (
1814:Blurred lanternshark (
1653:Smalleye pygmy shark (
1515:Longnose pygmy shark (
1136:. Struik. p. 56.
660:, with the developing
637:
620:versus 16–19 in
573:
396:scientific description
391:
378:Taxonomy and phylogeny
303:, found widely in the
2726:Blacktailed spurdog (
2366:Sparsetooth dogfish (
2199:Japanese roughshark (
2033:Thorny lanternshark (
1997:Smooth lanternshark (
1403:Little gulper shark (
1394:Mosaic gulper shark (
1376:Taiwan gulper shark (
1358:Lowfin gulper shark (
664:being sustained by a
635:
571:
385:
2735:Shortspine spurdog (
2408:Knifetooth dogfish (
2249:Portuguese dogfish (
2208:Sailfin roughshark (
2190:Angular roughshark (
2087:Green lanternshark (
2069:Brown lanternshark (
1988:False lanternshark (
1979:Great lanternshark (
1961:Dwarf lanternshark (
1898:Pygmy lanternshark (
1662:Spined pygmy shark (
1587:Cookiecutter shark (
1322:Dwarf gulper shark (
777:: e.T161443A888910.
439:blurred lanternshark
400:Acanthidium pusillum
364:commercial fisheries
325:blurred lanternshark
280:slender lanternshark
249:Acanthidium pusillum
35:Smooth lanternshark
2888:Etmopterus_pusillus
2875:Etmopterus_pusillus
2861:Etmopterus pusillus
2831:Etmopterus pusillus
2717:Shortnose spurdog (
2524:Roughskin spurdog (
2348:Whitetail dogfish (
2267:Roughskin dogfish (
2111:Rasptooth dogfish (
1990:E. pseudosqualiolus
1873:Pink lanternshark (
1759:Combtooth dogfish (
1699:Hooktooth dogfish (
1454:Longsnout dogfish (
1445:Arrowhead dogfish (
1340:Dumb gulper shark (
1103:Etmopterus pusillus
1055:Etmopterus pusillus
972:Sharks of the World
946:Etmopterus pusillus
867:Etmopterus pusillus
763:Etmopterus pusillus
728:assessing it as of
714:blackmouth catshark
691:caught incidentally
628:Biology and ecology
404:Richard Thomas Lowe
285:Etmopterus pusillus
276:smooth lanternshark
210:Etmopterus pusillus
51:Conservation status
18:Etmopterus pusillus
2701:Japanese spurdog (
2656:Edmund's spurdog (
2638:Fatspine spurdog (
2629:Greeneye spurdog (
2604:Longnose spurdog (
2542:Mandarin dogfish (
2375:Sherwood dogfish (
1777:Whitefin dogfish (
1750:Bareskin dogfish (
1741:Granular dogfish (
1427:Birdbeak dogfish (
1134:Smiths' Sea Fishes
1107:Fisheries Research
685:Human interactions
638:
574:
558:hydrothermal vents
531:Isla Salas y GĂłmez
493:, it is found off
487:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
408:scientific journal
392:
3090:
3089:
3062:Open Tree of Life
2823:Taxon identifiers
2814:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2762:Bartail spurdog (
2620:Bighead spurdog (
2495:
2494:
2432:Greenland shark (
2220:
2219:
2172:Prickly dogfish (
2147:
2146:
1866:E. decacuspidatus
1723:Highfin dogfish (
1674:
1673:
1491:Taillight shark (
1466:
1465:
1456:D. quadrispinosum
1324:C. atromarginatus
1143:978-1-86872-890-9
981:978-0-691-12072-0
922:978-2-905434-78-4
827:978-92-5-101384-7
718:Galeus melastomus
272:
271:
267:
266:Pietschmann, 1907
260:
253:
74:
16:(Redirected from
3120:
3083:
3082:
3070:
3069:
3057:
3056:
3044:
3043:
3031:
3030:
3021:
3020:
3008:
3007:
2995:
2994:
2982:
2981:
2969:
2968:
2956:
2955:
2943:
2942:
2930:
2929:
2917:
2916:
2904:
2903:
2891:
2890:
2878:
2877:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2818:
2780:Cyrano spurdog (
2665:Taiwan spurdog (
2563:
2510:
2506:
2505:(Dogfish sharks)
2483:Velvet dogfish (
2434:S. microcephalus
2357:Azores dogfish (
2260:C. cryptacanthus
2235:
2231:
2230:(Sleeper sharks)
2158:
1909:E. gracilispinis
1798:
1797:(Lantern sharks)
1768:Ornate dogfish (
1685:
1506:Heteroscymnoides
1482:Euprotomicroides
1477:
1313:Needle dogfish (
1299:
1295:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1179:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1147:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1098:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1076:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1011:
1000:
999:
993:
985:
967:
958:
957:
936:
927:
926:
908:
899:
898:
862:
847:
846:
838:
832:
831:
813:
796:
795:
793:
791:
786:
756:
616:(10–13 in
447:dermal denticles
429:means "weak" in
424:specific epithet
333:dermal denticles
323:with the larger
265:
258:
251:
230:
212:
192:E. pusillus
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
27:Species of shark
21:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3078:
3073:
3065:
3060:
3052:
3047:
3039:
3036:Observation.org
3034:
3026:
3024:
3016:
3011:
3003:
2998:
2990:
2985:
2977:
2972:
2964:
2959:
2951:
2946:
2938:
2933:
2925:
2920:
2912:
2907:
2899:
2894:
2886:
2881:
2873:
2868:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2825:
2815:
2806:
2764:S. notocaudatus
2647:Cuban dogfish (
2640:S. crassispinus
2614:S. brevirostris
2580:S. acutirostris
2570:Spiny dogfish (
2561:
2560:
2550:
2504:
2503:
2491:
2458:
2416:
2383:
2332:
2324:Plunket shark (
2317:P. macracanthus
2299:
2275:
2229:
2228:
2216:
2143:
2135:Viper dogfish (
2119:
2095:
2062:E. tasmaniensis
1857:E. caudistigmus
1796:
1795:
1785:
1732:Black dogfish (
1707:
1670:
1637:
1613:
1589:I. brasiliensis
1571:
1563:Kitefin shark (
1547:
1523:
1499:
1493:E. zantedeschia
1462:
1411:
1294:(Gulper sharks)
1293:
1292:
1284:
1240:
1233:
1203:
1188:
1177:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1148:
1144:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1061:Scientia Marina
1050:
1049:
1045:
1013:
1012:
1003:
986:
982:
969:
968:
961:
938:
937:
930:
923:
910:
909:
902:
887:10.2307/1447149
864:
863:
850:
840:
839:
835:
828:
815:
814:
799:
789:
787:
758:
757:
750:
746:
687:
670:sexual maturity
630:
566:
525:, and over the
455:
380:
261:
254:
221:
214:
208:
195:
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3126:
3124:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3095:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3071:
3058:
3045:
3032:
3022:
3009:
2996:
2983:
2970:
2957:
2944:
2931:
2918:
2905:
2892:
2879:
2866:
2851:
2835:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2795:
2786:
2777:
2768:
2759:
2750:
2741:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2707:
2698:
2689:
2680:
2671:
2662:
2653:
2644:
2635:
2631:S. chloroculus
2626:
2617:
2610:
2601:
2592:
2583:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2507:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2485:Z. squamulosus
2480:
2470:
2468:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2447:
2438:
2428:
2426:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2372:
2363:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2339:Scymnodalatias
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2321:
2311:
2309:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2282:Centroselachus
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2264:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2232:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2205:
2196:
2187:
2178:
2168:
2166:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2126:Trigonognathus
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2012:
2003:
1994:
1985:
1976:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1886:
1883:E. dislineatus
1879:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1820:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1714:Centroscyllium
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1559:
1557:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1539:Pocket shark (
1535:
1533:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1451:
1447:D. profundorum
1442:
1433:
1423:
1421:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1400:
1396:C. tessellatus
1391:
1382:
1373:
1369:C. moluccensis
1364:
1360:C. lusitanicus
1355:
1346:
1337:
1331:Gulper shark (
1328:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1296:
1290:Centrophoridae
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1274:Elasmobranchii
1270:
1268:Chondrichthyes
1264:
1258:
1252:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1209:
1202:
1201:
1186:
1163:
1142:
1124:
1090:
1067:(2): 301–310.
1043:
1024:(1): 187–193.
1001:
980:
959:
940:Froese, Rainer
928:
921:
900:
881:(2): 483–495.
848:
833:
826:
797:
747:
745:
742:
693:by commercial
686:
683:
650:dogfish sharks
629:
626:
565:
562:
507:East China Sea
463:Gulf of Mexico
459:Atlantic Ocean
454:
451:
379:
376:
311:. It inhabits
309:Pacific Oceans
270:
269:
256:Centrina nigra
244:
243:
237:
236:
232:
231:
223:
222:
215:
204:
203:
197:
196:
189:
187:
183:
182:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
138:Elasmobranchii
135:
131:
130:
128:Chondrichthyes
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3125:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2803:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2791:S. raoulensis
2787:
2785:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2746:S. montalbani
2742:
2740:
2738:
2737:S. mitsukurii
2733:
2731:
2729:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2694:S. hemipinnis
2690:
2688:
2686:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2622:S. bucephalus
2618:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2606:S. blainville
2602:
2600:
2598:
2597:S. altipinnis
2593:
2591:
2589:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2508:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2293:C. crepidater
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2251:C. coelolepis
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2240:Centroscymnus
2236:
2233:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2183:O. caribbaeus
2179:
2177:
2175:
2174:O. bruniensis
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2053:E. splendidus
2049:
2047:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2008:E. pycnolepis
2004:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1918:E. granulosus
1914:
1912:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1825:E. brachyurus
1821:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1743:C. granulatum
1739:
1737:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1664:S. laticaudus
1660:
1658:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1631:E. bispinatus
1629:Pygmy shark (
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1620:Euprotomicrus
1616:
1610:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1438:D. hystricosa
1434:
1432:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1342:C. harrissoni
1338:
1336:
1334:
1333:C. granulosus
1329:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1237:dogfish shark
1230:
1225:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1187:9781988514628
1183:
1176:
1175:
1167:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1145:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1017:Hydrobiologia
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
997:
991:
983:
977:
973:
966:
964:
960:
955:
954:
949:
947:
941:
935:
933:
929:
924:
918:
914:
907:
905:
901:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
849:
844:
837:
834:
829:
823:
819:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
798:
785:
780:
776:
772:
771:
766:
764:
755:
753:
749:
743:
741:
739:
735:
731:
730:Least Concern
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:bottom trawls
699:
696:
692:
684:
682:
680:
676:
675:KwaZulu-Natal
671:
667:
663:
659:
658:ovoviviparous
655:
651:
647:
646:lanternfishes
643:
634:
627:
625:
623:
619:
615:
612:
607:
603:
599:
595:
594:pectoral fins
591:
586:
584:
579:
570:
563:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
503:Pacific Ocean
500:
496:
495:KwaZulu-Natal
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
469:in the west,
468:
464:
460:
452:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
435:species group
432:
428:
425:
421:
420:
416:
412:
409:
405:
401:
397:
389:
384:
377:
375:
373:
372:Least Concern
369:
365:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
341:ovoviviparous
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:species group
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
299:
295:
294:dogfish shark
291:
287:
286:
281:
277:
268:
264:
257:
250:
245:
242:
238:
233:
229:
224:
219:
213:
211:
205:
202:
201:Binomial name
198:
194:
193:
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
148:Selachimorpha
146:
144:Subdivision:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
66:Least Concern
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2830:
2799:
2790:
2782:S. rancureli
2781:
2772:
2763:
2754:
2745:
2736:
2728:S. melanurus
2727:
2718:
2710:
2703:S. japonicus
2702:
2693:
2684:
2675:
2666:
2657:
2648:
2639:
2630:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2596:
2588:S. albifrons
2587:
2579:
2572:S. acanthias
2571:
2555:
2543:
2535:C. australis
2534:
2525:
2515:Cirrhigaleus
2513:
2484:
2476:Z. ichiharai
2475:
2463:
2452:S. rostratus
2451:
2443:S. pacificus
2442:
2433:
2421:
2409:
2400:
2388:
2377:S. sherwoodi
2376:
2367:
2358:
2350:S. albicauda
2349:
2337:
2325:
2316:
2306:Proscymnodon
2304:
2292:
2280:
2268:
2259:
2250:
2238:
2210:O. paradoxus
2209:
2201:O. japonicus
2200:
2191:
2182:
2173:
2161:
2136:
2124:
2112:
2102:Miroscyllium
2100:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1996:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1962:
1953:
1944:
1936:E. litvinovi
1935:
1927:E. hillianus
1926:
1917:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1882:
1874:
1865:
1856:
1847:
1839:
1832:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1790:
1778:
1769:
1760:
1752:C. kamoharai
1751:
1742:
1733:
1724:
1712:
1700:
1688:
1680:Etmopteridae
1663:
1654:
1642:
1630:
1618:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1576:
1564:
1552:
1540:
1528:
1516:
1504:
1492:
1480:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1428:
1416:
1404:
1395:
1387:C. squamosus
1386:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1304:Centrophorus
1302:
1278:Subdivision
1173:
1166:
1133:
1127:
1113:(1): 42–57.
1110:
1106:
1102:
1084:10316/109966
1064:
1060:
1054:
1046:
1021:
1015:
971:
951:
945:
912:
878:
874:
870:
866:
842:
836:
817:
788:. Retrieved
774:
768:
762:
717:
709:
688:
639:
621:
617:
611:spiral valve
587:
575:
535:
509:to southern
491:Indian Ocean
475:South Africa
456:
442:
426:
417:
410:
399:
393:
387:
328:
301:Etmopteridae
284:
283:
279:
275:
273:
262:
255:
248:
247:
209:
207:
191:
190:
178:
168:Etmopteridae
158:Squaliformes
29:
2961:iNaturalist
2855:Wikispecies
2800:S. suckleyi
2719:S. megalops
2711:S. lalannei
2685:s. griffini
2667:S. formosus
2658:S. edmundsi
2649:S. cubensis
2544:C. barbifer
2401:S. obscurus
2368:S. oligodon
2359:S. garricki
2326:P. plunketi
2226:Somniosidae
2192:O. centrina
2080:E. villosus
2071:E. unicolor
2035:E. sentosus
2026:E. schultzi
1999:E. pusillus
1981:E. princeps
1875:E. dianthus
1840:E. burgessi
1816:E. bigelowi
1734:C. fabricii
1725:C. excelsum
1607:I. plutodus
1598:I. labialis
1530:Mollisquama
1378:C. niaukang
871:E. bigelowi
790:18 November
622:E. bigelowi
618:E. pusillus
598:pelvic fins
564:Description
527:Nazca Plate
523:New Zealand
477:(including
443:E. bigelowi
337:pelvic fins
329:E. bigelowi
3108:Etmopterus
3097:Categories
2773:S. nasutus
2755:S. nasutus
2676:S. grahami
2562:(Spurdogs)
2410:S. ringens
2269:C. owstoni
2153:Oxynotidae
2137:T. kabeyai
2113:M. sheikoi
2017:E. robinsi
1954:E. molleri
1945:E. lucifer
1848:E. carteri
1833:E. bullisi
1807:E. baxteri
1792:Etmopterus
1779:C. ritteri
1770:C. ornatum
1644:Squaliolus
1517:H. marleyi
1472:Dalatiidae
1262:Vertebrata
1260:Subphylum
1196:1042901090
873:, n. sp".
744:References
712:) and the
648:, smaller
614:intestines
606:caudal fin
590:dorsal fin
588:The first
585:are long.
583:gill slits
554:open ocean
517:area, off
499:Madagascar
479:Cape Verde
419:Etmopterus
394:The first
259:Lowe, 1834
252:Lowe, 1839
218:R. T. Lowe
179:Etmopterus
134:Subclass:
2501:Squalidae
2423:Somniosus
2390:Scymnodon
2089:E. virens
2044:E. spinax
1963:E. perryi
1891:E. evansi
1761:C. nigrum
1541:M. parini
1429:D. calcea
1351:C. isodon
1272:Subclass
1152:cite book
990:cite book
710:E. spinax
698:fisheries
654:fish eggs
519:Australia
513:, in the
501:. In the
489:. In the
467:Argentina
437:with the
353:fish eggs
186:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
2979:10572157
2935:FishBase
2840:Wikidata
2526:C. asper
2163:Oxynotus
1972:E. polli
1900:E. fusus
1701:A. nigra
1690:Aculeola
1655:S. aliae
1578:Isistius
1565:D. licha
1554:Dalatias
1405:C. uyato
1280:Selachii
1256:Chordata
1250:Animalia
1248:Kingdom
1038:29274717
953:FishBase
722:fishmeal
695:longline
679:Portugal
666:yolk sac
602:anal fin
578:nostrils
546:Portugal
481:and the
471:Portugal
427:pusillus
361:Japanese
305:Atlantic
241:Synonyms
164:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
2953:2421031
2846:Q957786
2557:Squalus
1315:C. acus
1254:Phylum
1239:species
1235:Extant
895:1447149
662:embryos
457:In the
390:(1843).
357:bycatch
317:pelagic
313:benthic
296:in the
290:species
288:) is a
220:, 1839)
174:Genus:
154:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
3080:105912
3067:651004
3054:105912
3041:794345
3025:NZOR:
3018:495852
3005:161443
2992:160660
2966:100592
2927:124145
2465:Zameus
1418:Deania
1266:Class
1194:
1184:
1140:
1036:
978:
919:
893:
875:Copeia
824:
652:, and
604:. The
542:slopes
483:Azores
422:. The
366:. The
351:, and
349:fishes
298:family
3075:WoRMS
2974:IRMNG
2922:EUNIS
2914:3BM82
2901:52926
1178:(PDF)
1034:S2CID
891:JSTOR
642:squid
511:Japan
431:Latin
415:genus
345:squid
3049:OBIS
3013:NCBI
3000:IUCN
2987:ITIS
2948:GBIF
2896:BOLD
1192:OCLC
1182:ISBN
1158:link
1138:ISBN
996:link
976:ISBN
917:ISBN
879:1993
822:ISBN
792:2021
775:2020
726:IUCN
540:and
521:and
497:and
307:and
274:The
2940:684
2909:CoL
2883:AFD
2870:ADW
1115:doi
1079:hdl
1069:doi
1026:doi
1022:606
883:doi
779:doi
624:).
533:).
473:to
465:to
292:of
278:or
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1150:{{
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992:}}
988:{{
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