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289:" at Cerveteri is a rock-hewn tomb with relief and stucco relief work painted to look as if the dead would be provided with all necessary goods to live comfortably in the tomb. This tomb provides a great deal of beneficial insight to the several types of Etruscan material culture including weapons. Among the decorations were a number of life sized weapons, items of armour and shields.
269:) into a high peak pointed crest. The high crest is frequently embossed with decoration. In addition to the Crested Helm a number of other varieties of helms have been found in Etruscan tombs. Often the design is a semi-spherical cap, with no decoration or with appliques. Another variation to the common semispherical cap is cheek guards attached by hinges.
282:, northwest of the city of Rome, was from an earlier date and decorated like the Crested Helm. The Narce Tomb breast plate evidently would have restricted the range of motion considerable more and has led to hypotheses that it was intended for a stationary commander. Anatomical greaves have also been found in Etruscan tombs.
187:. According to the Roces, the army of Rome unsuccessfully laid siege to the Etruscan city of Veii for 9 years before they were able to tunnel beneath the walls of the city and bring about Veii's downfall. The veracity of the account is difficult to determine, because the accounts are told as part of the biography of
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Both swords and spears are frequently found at
Etruscan tomb sites. Few examples of Etruscan swords survive in good condition, often only fragments of heavily oxidized blades. What does survive are generally robust spear points and wide blades not unlike early Roman weaponry. The bronze armour of the
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The written record of the period of
Etruscan is fragmentary but it is generally believed that the Etruscans vied with the early Romans for control of the central Italian peninsula for nearly two centuries (c. 700 B.C. – c. 500 B.C.) before becoming one of the first neighboring cultures to succumb to
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neighboring areas, attempting to gain territory and combating piracy as a means of acquiring valuable resources such as land, prestige goods and slaves. It is also likely individuals taken in battle would be ransomed back to their families and clans at high cost. Prisoners could also potentially be
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circular disks measuring around a yard across. Earlier
Etruscan shields are flat and later examples have a slightly convex curve across the body of the shield. The later styles bear close resemblance to contemporary Greek models. There are several helmet designs found at Etruscan sites, the most
176:(474 B.C.), the Etruscans and allies were defeated in the waters off Cumae by the combined navies of Cumae and Syracuse. This defeat successfully blocked the southern expansion of Etruscan influence and marked the beginning of territorial loss in southern Italy.
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was two solid pieces connected by hinges at the hips and on either side of the neck. The example was anatomical in design, meaning the bronze plates were fashioned to look like the chest and back of a robust man. Another example from the
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had a persistent military tradition. In addition to marking the rank and power of certain individuals in
Etruscan culture, warfare was a considerable economic boon to Etruscan civilization. Like many
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Some of what is known about the arms and armour of the
Etruscans is not based on actual equipment but rather sculpted duplicates. "The
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distinctively
Etruscan being the so-called “crested helm” variety. The crest is fashioned by joining two embossed plates (or
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David George, 'Technology, Ideology, Warfare and the
Etruscans Before the Roman Conquest' in Jean MacIntosh Turfa (ed.)
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In addition to written sources, the archaeological record provides evidence for the
Etruscan military and warfare.
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B. D'Agostino, 'Military
Organisation and Social Structure in Archaic Etruria' in O. Murray & S. Price (eds),
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Several
Etruscan shields have been recovered from Etruscan grave sites. The shields are traditionally decorated
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L. Rawlings, 'Condottieri and Clansmen: Early Italian Raiding, Warfare and the State' in K. Hopwood (ed.),
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Catalogue of the Etruscan Gallery of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
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sacrificed on tombs to honor fallen leaders of Etruscan society, not unlike the sacrifices made by
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Etruscans is similar in style to that of the Greeks. One example from
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societies, the Etruscans conducted campaigns during summer months;
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Etruscans consistently contain either representative sculpture of
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45:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
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539:Arruns Tarquinius (son of Tarquin the Proud)
247:, or the items themselves. The varieties of
199:wrote about Camillus long after his death.
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76:Learn how and when to remove this message
300:The Greek City: From Homer to Alexander
191:, a legendary figure in Roman history.
371:Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society
352:(London & New York 2013), 738-746
331:(London & New York 2013), 747-748
96:by the Etruscan military against the
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399:Etruscan and Umbrian arms and armour
107:, like the contemporary cultures of
164:, late 5th to early 4th century BC
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866:English words of Etruscan origin
740:Battle of Alalia (540 BC–535 BC)
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411:The Art of the Etruscan Armourer
321:The Art of the Etruscan Armourer
22:
819:Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum
620:Etruscan names for Greek heroes
309:(London, rev. ed. 2006), 91-100
780:Battle of Lake Vadimo (310 BC)
755:Battle of the Cremera (477 BC)
293:References and further reading
1:
219:Etruscan warrior, found near
785:Battle of Populonia (282 BC)
610:Corpus Speculorum Etruscorum
364:Organised Crime in Antiquity
770:Capture of Fidenae (435 BC)
1168:
1152:Military history of Europe
775:Battle of Veii (c. 396 BC)
765:Battle of Fidenae (437 BC)
691:Sarcophagus of the Spouses
534:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
417:An Important Italic Helmet
357:Rome in Etruria and Umbria
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1147:Military history of Italy
1142:Etruscan military history
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712:Tomb of the Roaring Lions
560:
554:Titus Vestricius Spurinna
519:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
909:National Etruscan Museum
760:Battle of Cumae (474 BC)
405:Etruscan and Gallic Pila
387:(New York 2001), 558-565
31:This article includes a
929:Tumulus of Montefortini
60:more precise citations.
750:Siege of Rome (508 BC)
745:Siege of Rome (509 BC)
376:Jean MacIntosh Turfa,
366:(Cardiff 1999), 97-127
314:Roman Conquests: Italy
307:Greece and Rome at War
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189:Marcus Furius Camillus
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160:of a soldier making a
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660:Monterozzi necropolis
453:Etruscan civilization
227:, dated circa 500 BC.
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992:Civita di Bagnoregio
665:Mythological figures
336:Etruscan and Gallic
325:Jean MacIntosh Turfa
302:(Oxford 1990), 58-82
861:Tyrsenian languages
790:Roman-Etruscan Wars
702:Terracotta warriors
380:(Philadelphia 2005)
181:Roman–Etruscan Wars
142:Roman–Etruscan Wars
136:Significant battles
904:Monteleone Chariot
855:Tabula Cortonensis
635:Haruspex/Extispicy
474:Villanovan culture
373:45 (1979), 179-206
350:The Etruscan World
345:12.6 (2019), 18-21
329:The Etruscan World
229:
213:
211:An Etruscan helmet
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33:list of references
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650:Liver of Piacenza
600:Chimera of Arezzo
169:Roman expansion.
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813:Cippus Perusinus
732:Military history
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305:Peter Connolly,
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316:(Barnsley 2009)
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359:(Oxford 1971)
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185:city of Veii
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153:Mars of Todi
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113:Ancient Rome
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52:Please help
44:
15:
919:Portonaccio
894:Etruscology
494:Tyrrhenians
280:Narce Tombs
58:introducing
1136:Categories
952:Acquarossa
876:Archeology
1087:Vetulonia
1072:Tarquinia
1047:Populonia
1017:Fescennia
987:Cerveteri
944:Key sites
655:Mezentius
489:Tyrrhenus
275:Tarquinia
203:Equipment
130:Patroclus
105:Etruscans
1102:Volterra
1097:Volsinii
1092:Vie Cave
1077:Tuscania
1057:Rusellae
889:Cuniculi
884:Bucchero
808:Alphabet
800:Language
685:Religion
675:Poppilia
524:Tanaquil
241:weaponry
197:Plutarch
126:Achilles
1037:Perusia
1032:Orvieto
1027:Norchia
1022:Fidenae
1012:Falerii
1007:Etruria
997:Clusium
972:Bologna
967:Baratti
670:Persius
640:Jewelry
577:society
573:Culture
499:Tarchon
469:Origins
461:History
266:laminae
249:shields
237:wealthy
221:Viterbo
179:In the
172:In the
121:raiding
117:ancient
54:improve
1123:Portal
962:Aleria
717:Vegoia
645:Lausus
327:(ed.)
260:bronze
245:armour
1107:Vulci
1067:Spina
1052:Pyrgi
1002:Cumae
977:Caere
957:Adria
722:Vulca
697:Tages
680:Raeti
605:Coins
514:Capys
323:' in
253:helms
233:Tombs
225:Italy
39:, or
1082:Veii
982:Ceri
575:and
338:Pila
243:and
195:and
193:Livy
150:The
128:for
111:and
103:The
92:The
595:Art
341:',
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