1322:, powerful because they attend the service of the gods, who have power and command overall. Others make the word refer to exceptions of impossible cases; the priests were to perform all the duties possible; if anything lays beyond their power, the exception was not to be cavilled. The most common opinion is the most absurd, which derives this word from pons, and assigns the priests the title of bridge-makers. The sacrifices performed on the bridge were amongst the most sacred and ancient, and the keeping and repairing of the bridge attached, like any other public sacred office, to the priesthood.
913:
1549:
486:
957:. Etymologists must often make hypotheses about changes in the meaning of particular words. Such hypotheses are tested against the general knowledge of semantic shifts. For example, the assumption of a particular change of meaning may be substantiated by showing that the same type of change has occurred in other languages as well.
1355:
therefore it is showed the blessed Lucy hath beauty of virginity without any corruption; essence of charity without disordinate love; rightful going and devotion to God, without squaring out of the way; right long line by continual work without negligence of slothful tarrying. In Lucy is said, the way of light.
806:
is the name given to a descendant word in a daughter language, descended from an earlier language. For example, Modern
English heat is the reflex of the Old English hǣtu. Rarely, this word is used in reverse, and the 'reflex' is actually the root word rather than the descendant word. However, this
1497:
but also elsewhere) to argue that moral values have definite historical (specifically, cultural) origins where modulations in meaning regarding certain concepts (such as "good" and "evil") show how these ideas had changed over time—according to which value-system appropriated them. This strategy
1354:
Lucy is said of light, and light is beauty in beholding, after that S. Ambrose saith: The nature of light is such, she is gracious in beholding, she spreadeth over all without lying down, she passeth in going right without crooking by right long line; and it is without dilation of tarrying, and
881:
is one of the words which have their source in a root word, and were at some time created from the root word using morphological constructs such as suffixes, prefixes, and slight changes to the vowels or to the consonants of the root word. For example
847:(or possibly triplets, and so forth) are specifically cognates within the same language. Although they have the same etymological root, they tend to have different phonological forms, and to have entered the language through different routes.
1039:
The search for meaningful origins for familiar or strange words is far older than the modern understanding of linguistic evolution and the relationships of languages, which began no earlier than the 18th century. From
950:. By a systematic comparison of related languages, etymologists may often be able to detect which words derive from their common ancestor language and which were instead later borrowed from another language.
667:
Even though etymological research originated from the philological tradition, much current etymological research is done on language families where little or no early documentation is available, such as
909:
are used in the analysis of morphological derivation within a language in studies that are not concerned with historical linguistics and that do not cross the language barrier.
1208:
These linguists were not the earliest
Sanskrit grammarians, however. They followed a line of ancient grammarians of Sanskrit who lived several centuries earlier like
1060:, etymology had been a form of witty wordplay, in which the supposed origins of words were creatively imagined to satisfy contemporary requirements; for example, the
997:
While the origin of newly emerged words is often more or less transparent, it tends to become obscured through time due to sound change or semantic change. Due to
645:
to reconstruct information about forms that are too old for any direct information to be available. By analyzing related languages with a technique known as the
1149:
were the first to make a comprehensive analysis of linguistics and etymology. The study of
Sanskrit etymology has provided Western scholars with the basis of
2064:
629:, etymologists make use of texts, and texts about the language, to gather knowledge about how words were used during earlier periods, how they developed in
1252:
in
Sanskrit) of Sanskrit words, because the ancient Indians considered sound and speech itself to be sacred and, for them, the words of the sacred
690:
622:
in order to construct a comprehensive and chronological catalogue of all meanings that a morpheme, phoneme, word, or sign has carried across time.
2013:
513:
1755:
1622:
403:
1977:
1912:
2038:
1031:
originally meant "prayer". It acquired its modern meaning through the practice of counting the recitation of prayers by using beads.
2048:
1763:
574:
966:
Etymological theory recognizes that words originate through a limited number of basic mechanisms, the most important of which are
1383:
363:
141:
1829:
856:
is the source of related words within a single language (no language barrier is crossed). Similar to the distinction between
423:
368:
586:) is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of a word's semantic meaning across time, including its constituent
398:
89:
1837:
835:
are sets of words that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymological ancestor in a common parent language.
343:
209:
2099:
1854:
1085:
was an encyclopedic tracing of "first things" that remained uncritically in use in Europe until the sixteenth century.
932:
research. Changes in the form and meaning of the word can be traced with the aid of older texts, if such are available.
702:
1815:
1430:
463:
169:
745:
refers to the predicate (i.e. stem or root) from which a later word or morpheme derives. For example, the Latin word
1394:. The first known systematic attempt to prove the relationship between two languages on the basis of similarity of
1849:
1492:
1375:
1370:
Etymology in the modern sense emerged in the late 18th-century
European academia, within the context of the wider "
31:
2068:
1586:
1458:
506:
453:
353:
179:
1502:, have used etymologies to indicate former meanings of words to de-center the "violent hierarchies" of Western
979:
877:
611:
358:
301:
116:
1720:
1633:
1566:
658:
642:
458:
296:
273:
1651:
1426:
1150:
983:
673:
595:
408:
375:
328:
244:
224:
204:
106:
84:
79:
2180:, rev. edn. with the collaboration of Stephen Ullmann. Trans. Joyce M. H. Reid. Oxford: Blackwell, 1969.
1469:
1415:
1087:
184:
1928:
1872:
1770:/ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the scientific study of words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time".
2005:
1689:
1592:
1571:
1371:
1061:
499:
428:
338:
219:
164:
61:
1643:
1487:
1341:
1271:
1266:
One of the earliest philosophical texts of the
Classical Greek period to address etymology was the
1114:
1041:
912:
634:
269:
199:
174:
146:
485:
2219:
1969:
1904:
1639:
1576:
1554:
1465:
1411:
1365:
1337:
1332:
1076:
947:
852:
654:
646:
489:
468:
438:
393:
348:
316:
306:
194:
189:
1530:(born 1937), linguist, medievalist, etymologist, poet, translator of poetry and literary critic
1403:
1340:
compiled a volume of etymologies to illuminate the triumph of religion. Each saint's legend in
1242:
done by the previously mentioned linguists involved extensive studies on the etymology (called
2044:
2019:
2009:
1997:
1973:
1908:
1759:
1474:
1267:
333:
311:
254:
1527:
1419:
1379:
1310:
1146:
669:
626:
532:
433:
264:
259:
234:
229:
214:
1859:
1726:
1604:
1533:
1499:
1024:
991:
967:
954:
661:
925:
Etymologists apply a number of methods to study the origins of words, some of which are:
653:
can make inferences about their shared parent language and its vocabulary. In this way,
2190:
1669:
1610:
1479:
1407:
1391:
1304:
1290:
makes guesses as to the origins of many words, including the names of the gods. In his
1099:
1067:(born in approximately 522 BCE) employed inventive etymologies to flatter his patrons.
975:
278:
1780:
Etymology: The history of a word or word element, including its origins and derivation
1172:
1047:
2213:
1993:
1845:
1598:
1483:
1446:
1346:
1108:
1057:
1524:(born 1959), Indo-Europeanist, Slavist, Albanologist, lexicographer, and etymologist
1515:
1387:
1212:
of whom very little is known. The earliest of attested etymologies can be found in
1095:
998:
987:
936:
321:
111:
657:
in many
European languages, for example, can be traced back to the origin of the
1963:
1898:
1791:
1616:
1119:
1092:
1081:
1021:(the former was originally a derivative with the meaning "to mark with blood").
473:
448:
69:
38:
1548:
1486:
school of the late 19th century. Still in the 19th century, German philosopher
1732:
1675:
1657:
1544:
1521:
1503:
1209:
774:
770:
615:
443:
126:
47:
2023:
1810:
1779:
1714:
1709:
1663:
1434:
1239:
1231:
1197:
1187:
1103:
1010:
971:
929:
778:
650:
630:
619:
607:
603:
599:
587:
418:
249:
239:
131:
121:
2131:, 2nd edn. Ed. Keith Brown. Vol. 4. Oxford: Elsevier, 2006, pp. 260–7.
1198:
1188:
1170:
1045:
17:
1681:
1442:
1314:, while explicitly dismissing the obvious, and actual "bridge-builder":
1298:
1287:
1224:
1218:
1142:
1124:
1068:
827:
638:
591:
51:
2199:
2171:
A Handbook of
Lexicography: The Theory and Practice of Dictionary-Making
1703:
1399:
1395:
1244:
1136:
940:
766:
2040:
Women of the Gilte
Legende: A Selection of Middle English Saints Lives
1153:
and modern etymology. Four of the most famous
Sanskrit linguists are:
37:"Etymologies" redirects here. For the work by Isidore of Seville, see
2194:
1294:
1064:
1053:
782:
723:
707:
695:
136:
1318:
The priests, called Pontifices.... have the name of Pontifices from
994:(i.e., the creation of imitative words such as "click" or "grunt").
939:
data. The form or meaning of the word might show variations between
1735: – A word having inflected forms from multiple unrelated stems
1518:(1899–1983), Hungarian-born Romanian-Canadian linguist, etymologist
1472:
in the early 19th century and elevated to a high standard with the
2100:"Sir William Jones, British philologist - Stock Image - H410/0115"
1450:
1438:
1283:
1254:
1213:
1157:
1072:
916:
Diagram showing relationships between etymologically related words
911:
1498:
gained popularity in the 20th century, and philosophers, such as
1071:
employed etymologies insecurely based on fancied resemblances in
1490:
used etymological strategies (principally and most famously in
2204:
2065:"Medieval Sourcebook: The Golden Legend: Volume 2 (full text)"
1482:. The successes of the comparative approach culminated in the
1291:
1258:
contained deep encoding of the mysteries of the soul and God.
27:
Scientific study of the origin and evolution of root morphemes
1838:
1830:
765:. Relationships are often less transparent, however. English
1406:, when he attempted to demonstrate the relationship between
1601: – Words that look or sound alike, but are not related
1350:
begins with an etymological discourse on the saint's name:
565:
559:
538:
2159:. Fair Lawn, N.J.: Essential Books; London: Deutsch, 1958.
811:
instead. A reflex will sometimes be described simply as a
562:
553:
1965:
Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew
1900:
Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew
1595: – Fallacy that a word's history defines its meaning
544:
1636: – Complementary viewpoints in linguistic analysis
1441:, who in 1782 observed the genetic relationship between
1297:
spins complimentary etymologies to flatter his patrons.
864:, a nuanced distinction can sometimes be made between a
2164:
Linguistic Evolution: With Special Reference to English
1013:
formation of the latter). It is even less obvious that
1374:", although preceded by 17th century pioneers such as
1589: – Name for an imaginary language in linguistics
641:
the language. Etymologists also apply the methods of
575:
535:
1694:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1607: – Popular, but false belief about word origins
556:
541:
550:
547:
1931:, the co-etymon of the modern Israeli Hebrew word
1001:, it is not readily obvious that the English word
943:, which may yield clues about its earlier history.
2173:. Cambridge/NY: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
1613: – Process of reinterpretive word formation
1457:in 1786, laying the foundation for the field of
1666: – Study of language in historical sources
2166:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972.
2157:Etymology, with a special reference to English
2152:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
1717: – Recent term that is gaining acceptance
1706: – Words inherited by different languages
1027:may also occur. For example, the English word
2200:List of etymologies of words in 90+ languages
2143:An Informal Introduction to English Etymology
1102:in the ninth century, one of several similar
507:
8:
1672: – Common ancestor of a language family
1660: – Linguistic discipline studying words
2138:. Oxford/NY: Oxford University Press, 2009.
1414:(work that was later extended to the whole
786:
746:
1875:, the ultimate etymon of the English word
1654: – Study of language change over time
514:
500:
56:
2002:A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics
1216:in the philosophical explanations of the
2145:. Montreux, London: Minerva Press, 1995.
2129:Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics
1748:
785:etymon that was once meaningful, Latin
688:is derived from the Ancient Greek word
68:
1723: – Type of multi-source neologism
2169:Bo Svensén. "Etymology", chap. 19 of
2098:LIBRARY, SHEILA TERRY/SCIENCE PHOTO.
1729: – Evolution of a word's meaning
1692: – science school of linguistics
894:are all derivatives of the root word
7:
1756:The New Oxford Dictionary of English
1623:Pseudoscientific language comparison
970:, borrowing (i.e., the adoption of "
807:usage is usually filled by the term
404:Conservative and innovative language
2178:Problems and Methods in Linguistics
1402:was made in 1770 by the Hungarian,
1625: – Form of pseudo-scholarship
1418:in 1799 by his fellow countryman,
781:share in different modern forms a
25:
2124:. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1984.
2037:Jacobus; Tracy, Larissa (2003).
1630:Linguistic studies and concepts
1547:
823:from an etymon (but see below).
531:
484:
2127:Philip Durkin. "Etymology", in
1286:. During much of the dialogue,
1044:through the 17th century, from
1678: – Study of proper names
1106:works. The thirteenth-century
717:true sense or sense of a truth
1:
2136:The Oxford Guide to Etymology
1276:
1178:
1161:
1145:linguists and grammarians of
1127:in the form of an etymology.
606:, and draws upon comparative
1962:Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2003).
1897:Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2003).
1700:Processes of word formation
1684: – Study of place names
1009:(the former is originally a
724:
708:
696:
344:Functional discourse grammar
210:Ethnography of communication
2205:Online Etymology Dictionary
1879:is the Proto-Indo-European
1816:Online Etymology Dictionary
1416:Finno-Ugric language family
1199:
1189:
1171:
1123:of a saint with a fanciful
1046:
761:, is the etymon of English
464:Second-language acquisition
2236:
1839:
1831:
1493:On the Genealogy of Morals
1464:The study of etymology in
1376:Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn
1363:
1330:
1134:
701:
689:
625:For languages with a long
142:Syntax–semantics interface
45:
36:
32:Etymology (disambiguation)
29:
1459:Indo-European linguistics
1308:) spins an etymology for
974:" from other languages);
454:Philosophy of linguistics
354:Interactional linguistics
1619: – Misuse of a word
46:Not to be confused with
1855:A Greek–English Lexicon
1721:Phono-semantic matching
1634:Diachrony and synchrony
1567:Etymological dictionary
1194:(6th-4th centuries BCE)
1005:is related to the word
643:comparative linguistics
637:, or when and how they
2176:Walther von Wartburg.
1652:Historical linguistics
1453:. Jones published his
1427:historical linguistics
1357:
1324:
1151:historical linguistics
917:
787:
747:
596:historical linguistics
594:. It is a subfield of
291:Theoretical frameworks
245:Philosophy of language
225:History of linguistics
2141:William B. Lockwood.
2120:Alfred Bammesberger.
2104:Science Photo Library
2008:. pp. 104, 418.
1846:Liddell, Henry George
1470:Rasmus Christian Rask
1455:The Sanscrit Language
1425:The origin of modern
1364:Further information:
1352:
1316:
1088:Etymologicum genuinum
962:Types of word origins
915:
733:the study or logic of
185:Conversation analysis
2006:Blackwell Publishing
1593:Etymological fallacy
1572:Lists of etymologies
1510:Notable etymologists
1372:Age of Enlightenment
429:Internet linguistics
339:Construction grammar
30:For other uses, see
1488:Friedrich Nietzsche
1429:is often traced to
1342:Jacobus de Varagine
1262:Ancient Greco-Roman
1115:Jacobus de Varagine
364:Systemic functional
159:Applied linguistics
101:General linguistics
1970:Palgrave Macmillan
1929:Ghil'ad Zuckermann
1905:Palgrave Macmillan
1873:Ghil'ad Zuckermann
1796:www.etymonline.com
1577:Place name origins
1555:Linguistics portal
1468:was introduced by
1466:Germanic philology
1366:Comparative method
1338:Isidore of Seville
1333:Medieval etymology
1077:Isidore of Seville
948:comparative method
918:
841:etymological twins
647:comparative method
469:Theory of language
439:Origin of language
394:Autonomy of syntax
349:Grammaticalization
195:Discourse analysis
190:Corpus linguistics
2162:Michael Samuels.
2155:Alan S. C. Ross.
2122:English Etymology
2088:Szemerényi 1996:6
2015:978-1-4443-5675-5
1809:Harper, Douglas.
1690:Wörter und Sachen
1644:surface etymology
1475:German Dictionary
1431:Sir William Jones
1268:Socratic dialogue
1204:(2nd century BCE)
722:, and the suffix
524:
523:
312:Distributionalism
255:Psycholinguistics
16:(Redirected from
2227:
2108:
2107:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2067:. Archived from
2061:
2055:
2054:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2004:(6th ed.).
1990:
1984:
1983:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1869:
1863:
1842:
1841:
1834:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1788:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1753:
1695:
1640:Surface analysis
1557:
1552:
1551:
1528:Anatoly Liberman
1420:Samuel Gyarmathi
1380:Gerardus Vossius
1281:
1278:
1240:Sanskrit grammar
1238:The analyses of
1214:Vedic literature
1202:
1192:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1166:
1163:
1131:Ancient Sanskrit
1051:
833:lexical cognates
799:
796:
793:
790:
760:
757:
754:
750:
737:
734:
731:
727:
721:
718:
715:
711:
705:
699:
693:
582:
578:
572:
571:
568:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
516:
509:
502:
488:
434:LGBT linguistics
424:Internationalism
399:Compositionality
260:Sociolinguistics
235:Neurolinguistics
230:Interlinguistics
215:Ethnomethodology
57:
21:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2210:
2209:
2187:
2148:Yakov Malkiel.
2134:Philip Durkin.
2117:
2112:
2111:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2074:
2072:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2016:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1870:
1866:
1860:Perseus Project
1828:
1824:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1774:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1727:Semantic change
1693:
1605:False etymology
1553:
1546:
1543:
1534:Michael Quinion
1512:
1500:Jacques Derrida
1404:János Sajnovics
1384:Stephen Skinner
1368:
1362:
1335:
1329:
1279:
1264:
1181:
1164:
1139:
1133:
1037:
1025:Semantic change
992:sound symbolism
968:language change
964:
955:semantic change
937:dialectological
923:
797:
794:
791:
758:
755:
752:
735:
732:
729:
719:
716:
713:
700:), itself from
682:
662:language family
627:written history
580:
576:
534:
530:
520:
479:
478:
389:
381:
380:
292:
284:
283:
279:Writing systems
170:Anthropological
160:
152:
151:
102:
94:
55:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2233:
2231:
2223:
2222:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2186:
2185:External links
2183:
2182:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2090:
2081:
2056:
2049:
2029:
2014:
1996:, ed. (2011).
1994:Crystal, David
1985:
1979:978-1403917232
1978:
1960:, see p. 132,
1944:is the Hebrew
1920:
1914:978-1403917232
1913:
1895:, see p. 174,
1864:
1822:
1801:
1783:
1772:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1707:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1673:
1670:Proto-language
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1611:Folk etymology
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1536:(born c. 1943)
1531:
1525:
1519:
1511:
1508:
1480:Brothers Grimm
1392:William Wotton
1361:
1358:
1331:Main article:
1328:
1325:
1305:Numa Pompilius
1280: 360 BCE
1263:
1260:
1206:
1205:
1195:
1185:
1168:
1167:centuries BCE)
1165: 6th–5th
1135:Main article:
1132:
1129:
1117:, begins each
1113:as written by
1100:Constantinople
1036:
1033:
1017:is related to
976:word formation
963:
960:
959:
958:
951:
944:
935:Making use of
933:
922:
919:
751:, which means
681:
678:
522:
521:
519:
518:
511:
504:
496:
493:
492:
481:
480:
477:
476:
471:
466:
461:
459:Prescriptivism
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
390:
387:
386:
383:
382:
379:
378:
373:
372:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
326:
325:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
293:
290:
289:
286:
285:
282:
281:
276:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
161:
158:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
103:
100:
99:
96:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
76:
73:
72:
66:
65:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2232:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2071:on 2000-12-09
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2052:
2050:9780859917711
2046:
2043:. DS Brewer.
2042:
2041:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1950:
1947:
1934:
1930:
1927:According to
1924:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1871:According to
1868:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1850:Scott, Robert
1847:
1843:
1835:
1826:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1764:0-19-861263-X
1761:
1757:
1752:
1749:
1742:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1691:
1688:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1599:False cognate
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1484:Neogrammarian
1481:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1359:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1347:Legenda Aurea
1343:
1339:
1334:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1186:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1147:ancient India
1144:
1138:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1109:Legenda Aurea
1105:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1058:Thomas Browne
1055:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
961:
956:
953:The study of
952:
949:
945:
942:
938:
934:
931:
928:
927:
926:
920:
914:
910:
908:
904:
899:
897:
893:
889:
885:
880:
879:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
854:
848:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
829:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
805:
801:
789:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
749:
744:
739:
726:
710:
704:
698:
692:
687:
679:
677:
675:
671:
665:
663:
660:
659:Indo-European
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
584:
570:
528:
517:
512:
510:
505:
503:
498:
497:
495:
494:
491:
487:
483:
482:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
409:Descriptivism
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
391:
385:
384:
377:
376:Structuralism
374:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
359:Prague circle
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
331:
330:
327:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
299:
298:
295:
294:
288:
287:
280:
277:
275:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
205:Documentation
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
180:Computational
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
162:
156:
155:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
104:
98:
97:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
77:
75:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
42:
41:
33:
19:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2103:
2093:
2084:
2073:. Retrieved
2069:the original
2059:
2039:
2032:
2001:
1988:
1964:
1948:
1945:
1932:
1923:
1899:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1867:
1853:
1825:
1814:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1775:
1767:
1751:
1516:Ernest Klein
1491:
1473:
1463:
1454:
1424:
1388:Elisha Coles
1369:
1353:
1345:
1336:
1319:
1317:
1309:
1302:
1270:
1265:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1217:
1207:
1140:
1118:
1107:
1096:encyclopedia
1086:
1080:
1038:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1006:
1002:
999:sound change
996:
988:onomatopoeia
965:
930:Philological
924:
906:
902:
900:
895:
891:
887:
883:
876:
874:
869:
865:
861:
857:
851:
849:
844:
840:
836:
832:
826:
825:
820:
816:
812:
808:
803:
802:
762:
742:
740:
685:
683:
674:Austronesian
666:
624:
526:
525:
413:
322:Glossematics
302:Constituency
274:interpreting
112:Lexicography
39:
1811:"etymology"
1792:"Etymology"
1617:Malapropism
1587:Bongo-Bongo
1435:philologist
1093:grammatical
1082:Etymologiae
984:compounding
767:place names
728:, denoting
712:), meaning
474:Terminology
449:Orthography
369:Usage-based
270:Translating
165:Acquisition
70:Linguistics
40:Etymologiae
2115:References
2075:2005-05-28
1890:be able to
1832:ἐτυμολογία
1766:– p. 633 "
1733:Suppletion
1676:Onomastics
1658:Lexicology
1583:Fallacies
1522:Marko Snoj
1504:philosophy
1437:living in
1433:, a Welsh
1360:Modern era
1232:Upanishads
1210:Sakatayana
1182: 520
1098:edited at
1062:Greek poet
980:derivation
907:derivative
901:The terms
878:derivative
870:derivative
866:descendant
817:derivative
813:descendant
775:Gloucester
771:Winchester
697:ἐτυμολογία
691:ἐτυμολογία
655:word roots
616:pragmatics
612:morphology
444:Orismology
329:Functional
317:Generative
307:Dependency
127:Pragmatics
117:Morphology
107:Diachronic
48:Entomology
18:Etymologic
2220:Etymology
2191:Etymology
2150:Etymology
2024:899159900
1998:"cognate"
1939:ice cream
1768:Etymology
1715:Neologism
1710:Epeolatry
1664:Philology
1563:Examples
1412:Hungarian
1250:Vyutpatti
1225:Aranyakas
1219:Brahmanas
1200:Patañjali
1190:Kātyāyana
1184:–460 BCE)
1104:Byzantine
1042:Antiquity
1011:causative
972:loanwords
892:unhappily
845:twinlings
779:Tadcaster
741:The term
686:etymology
684:The word
651:linguists
620:phonetics
608:semantics
604:semiotics
600:philology
588:morphemes
527:Etymology
419:Iconicity
414:Etymology
334:Cognitive
297:Formalist
250:Phonetics
240:Philology
132:Semantics
122:Phonology
2214:Category
1682:Toponymy
1541:See also
1443:Sanskrit
1327:Medieval
1311:pontifex
1303:Life of
1299:Plutarch
1288:Socrates
1272:Cratylus
1143:Sanskrit
1125:excursus
1069:Plutarch
978:such as
941:dialects
837:Doublets
828:Cognates
783:suffixed
769:such as
748:candidus
592:phonemes
220:Forensic
200:Distance
147:Typology
62:a series
60:Part of
52:Etiology
1877:machine
1858:at the
1758:(1998)
1704:Cognate
1478:of the
1400:lexicon
1396:grammar
1245:Nirukta
1137:Nirukta
1056:to Sir
1035:History
921:Methods
888:happily
884:unhappy
821:derived
788:castrum
680:Origins
639:entered
631:meaning
175:Applied
85:History
80:Outline
2195:Curlie
2047:
2022:
2012:
1976:
1911:
1840:ἔτυμον
1762:
1390:, and
1320:potens
1295:Pindar
1173:Pāṇini
1073:sounds
1065:Pindar
1054:Pindar
1048:Pāṇini
986:; and
890:, and
868:and a
858:etymon
809:etymon
804:Reflex
763:candid
743:etymon
725:-logia
709:ἔτυμον
703:ἔτυμον
670:Uralic
618:, and
602:, and
583:-ə-jee
490:Portal
388:Topics
137:Syntax
1933:glida
1884:*māgh
1743:Notes
1451:Latin
1447:Greek
1439:India
1284:Plato
1282:) by
1255:Vedas
1158:Yaska
1091:is a
1019:blood
1015:bless
896:happy
756:white
90:Index
2045:ISBN
2020:OCLC
2010:ISBN
1974:ISBN
1955:clot
1946:root
1909:ISBN
1881:stem
1760:ISBN
1449:and
1410:and
1408:Sami
1398:and
1292:Odes
1229:and
1141:The
1120:vita
1029:bead
990:and
982:and
946:The
905:and
903:root
862:root
860:and
853:root
795:fort
672:and
635:form
633:and
590:and
579:-im-
272:and
265:Text
2193:at
1949:gld
1422:).
1344:'s
1248:or
1079:'s
1052:to
1007:sit
1003:set
843:or
839:or
831:or
819:or
50:or
2216::
2102:.
2018:.
2000:.
1972:.
1968:.
1907:.
1903:.
1852:;
1848:;
1844:.
1836:,
1813:.
1794:.
1506:.
1461:.
1445:,
1386:,
1382:,
1378:,
1277:c.
1235:.
1222:,
1179:c.
1162:c.
1075:.
898:.
886:,
875:A
872:.
850:A
815:,
800:.
777:,
773:,
738:.
676:.
664:.
649:,
614:,
610:,
598:,
581:OL
577:ET
573:,
563:dʒ
64:on
2106:.
2078:.
2053:.
2026:.
1982:.
1958:'
1952:'
1942:'
1936:'
1917:.
1893:'
1887:'
1862:.
1819:.
1798:.
1646:)
1642:(
1495:,
1301:(
1275:(
1227:,
1177:(
1160:(
1111:,
798:'
792:'
759:'
753:'
736:'
730:'
720:'
714:'
706:(
694:(
569:/
566:i
560:ə
557:l
554:ɒ
551:m
548:ˈ
545:ɪ
542:t
539:ɛ
536:ˌ
533:/
529:(
515:e
508:t
501:v
54:.
43:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.