3478:
1847:-based group of Pagan Witches advertised a tradition as "Wicca–Dianic and Aradian". The advert may have been linked to Charles and Mary Cardell because Mary was allegedly born in Wales and Cardellian Witchcraft had apparently venerated a goddess under the name of Diana. However, many Pagan Witchcraft groups would have adopted the deity name Diana and Aradia, these being the goddesses featured in the American folklorist
1719:(1892–1977) was the founder of a Pagan Witchcraft tradition that rivalled that of Gerald Gardner's in southern England during the 1950s. A psychologist and stage conjurer, Cardell ran a company named Dumblecott Magick Productions from his home in Charlwood, Surrey, from where he also controlled a local coven that was spied on by the press, leading to a well-publicised court case. Having been involved with
42:
1781:, evidenced by the fact that Margaret Bruce, the owner of a mail-order business selling occult titles, wrote a letter to her friend Gerald Gardner on 23 February 1960, in which she consoled him on the attacks made against him by Cardell and included a poem in which she referred to "the 'Wicca'". In Melissa Seims' opinion, this use of
1624:, in which he is quoted as saying that "it was halfway through when the word Wica was first mentioned; and I knew that that which I had thought burnt out hundreds of years ago still survived." If Gardner's account was accurate and the New Forest coven had really existed, then the fact that Gardner spelled the word as
1266:, who took it to the United States. There, practitioners of British Traditional Wicca adopted it exclusively for themselves as a means to differentiate their practices from those of other Pagan Witches. This exclusive meaning was countered by its popularisation as a generic term by prolific authors such as
1661:, stating that "It is a curious fact that when the witches became English-speaking they adopted their Saxon name 'Wica'." In his published writings, Gardner propounds the idea that his Pagan Witchcraft religion dated back at least to the Anglo-Saxon period, when Old English was the dominant language.
1638:
It is evident that
Gardner used the term "Wica" with a very specific spelling to refer to the members of the Pagan Witchcraft religion (and not just his own tradition) as a group, and perhaps also individually, and believed that the word had been used by the faith's members since the Early Mediaeval
1785:
was explicitly in reference to the
Cardellian Craft, and therefore meant "that this spelling, along with 'Wiccan', was used by Cardell." However, it is also possible that Bruce was referring to "the Wicca" as "a community of Pagan Witches", in which case it would be a misspelling of Gardner's "the
1509:
Contrary to a claim that is often used in the Pagan and occult communities today, Gerald
Gardner, the founder of Gardnerian Witchcraft and the public face of the movement during the late 1950s and early 1960s, did not refer to his tradition of the Craft as "Wicca", and there is in fact no recorded
1333:
within contemporary
Paganism has been a recurring topic of discussion in the field of Pagan studies. The majority of academics and independent scholars use the first, more inclusive definition. Given its historical status and prevalent usage within Paganism, Pagan studies scholar Ethan Doyle White
1308:
1980. The first developed in
England during the 1960s. Broad and inclusive, it covers most, if not all, forms of modern Pagan Witchcraft, especially if they share sufficient theological beliefs and ritual practices to be considered denominations within a common religious movement. In contrast, the
1628:
would not necessarily indicate that the coven members had spelled it the same way. As Shah relates, from
Gardner's account, "it seems that he had heard rather than read the word in the midst of his initiatory rite" and that, "suffering from a poor grasp of spelling, punctuation, and grammar,
1558:
What are then? They are the people who call themselves the Wica, the "wise people", who practise the age‑old rites and who have, along with much superstition and herbal knowledge, preserved an occult teaching and working processes which they themselves think to be magic or
2000:
in North
America), rather than with other variants of Pagan Witchcraft. This was encouraged by elements within the Gardnerian and Alexandrian communities who wished to emphasise what they perceived as their special position within the Pagan community. The word
1691:
that she made words mean what wanted them to mean. She might very well have been talking about witchcraft, for today it is used to describe anything that one wishes to use it for. From the simple meaning 'the craft of the Wica', it is used in connection with
1254:—referring to the entirety of Pagan Witchcraft religion—has been traced to Britain in the early 1960s, when it was used by various groups and publicised through use in adverts, magazines, and other literary sources. It was later adopted by figures like
1510:
instance of him ever using the word. Instead, he referred to his faith as "the Craft of the Wise", "witchcraft", and "the witch cult", the latter of which was likely taken from the title of
Egyptologist Margaret Murray's seminal proto-Wiccan text
2187:
Gardner claimed that he had been initiated into the New Forest coven in
September 1939, and that it was they who taught him the practice of Pagan Witchcraft. No proof of their existence has ever been brought forth, and while Gardner's biographer
1869:
made reference to "the Craft of the Wiccan", apparently referring to the entire Pagan
Witchcraft community. The author's name was not printed, although it had probably been produced by one of the figures involved in editing
1579:, Gardner had apparently explained to him that "there are man and woman witches. Each is called a wica." This quote offers the only piece of evidence that Gardner also referred to Pagan Witches individually as a
1925:
that had negative connotations in the Western imagination. Doyle White argued that the practitioners' presentation of themselves as Wiccans rather than witches removed some of the social stigma that they faced.
1190:. It is used within the Pagan community under competing definitions. One refers to the entirety of the Pagan Witchcraft movement, while the other refers explicitly to traditions included in what is now called
2092:
was employed in an increasingly eclectic manner by authors like RavenWolf, who considered it to be a synonym for witchcraft. In turn it began to be adopted on a wider scale, being popularised in India by
1535:
in either sense that it is used today. He referred to the religion as the "cult of witchcraft" or "the witch-cult", the latter likely being a term borrowed from Margaret Murray, who wrote a book entitled
1723:
as well as Pagan Witchcraft, Cardell initially befriended Gardner, but in 1958 they had an argument, and in 1964 Cardell tried to discredit him by publishing much of the then-secret Gardnerian
2146:
movement over the Wiccan mainstream with its "iconographical emphasis on white light", instead embracing the traditional European view that associated witchcraft with darkness. Historian
1309:
second developed in the United States during the late 1970s. It refers specifically to the Gardnerian tradition of Witchcraft and those descended from it with little variation, namely
581:
3427:
1802:
appears to have developed within the Pagan Witchcraft community during the early 1960s, as increasing numbers of Pagan Witches learned of the Old English term
1688:
1629:
something caused by the fact that he was self-educated and possibly also influenced by dyslexia", he would have therefore spelled the word phonetically as
1612:
which they used hit me like a thunderbolt, and I knew where I was, and that the Old Religion still existed." This account was repeated in his biography,
1917:
in reference to Pagan Witchcraft would have brought benefits to its practitioners, who were widely maligned and faced persecution for their practice of
1358:
failed to make their usage clear. To deal with this problem in future, Doyle White urged scholars to specify which definition they used in their work.
1334:
thought it the logical and easier choice for academia, although there is still some disagreement and confusion among researchers as to what defines
1282:, it gained an increasingly eclectic character in its usage. During the 1990s, some attempted to distance themselves from it by utilising the term
2890:
3374:
3331:
3310:
3264:
3245:
3222:
3203:
3184:
3165:
3146:
3060:
2991:
1684:
2856:
4264:
1853:
954:
1527:(1884–1964), the man largely responsible for propagating the Wiccan religion in Britain during the 1950s and 1960s and the founder of the
4348:
2128:
Reacting against the increasingly inclusive use of the term were Pagan Witches who instead characterised their practices as forms of
3460:
3420:
3395:
3291:
1383:
1057:
1770:
to get in contact with him. This advert shows that Cardell was responsible for the propagation and possibly invention of the term
4425:
1862:
1762:
to refer not just to members of his own tradition, but to all followers of the Pagan Witchcraft religion, placing an advert in
1132:
1094:
613:
1766:
magazine, the journal of the College of Psychic Science, entitled "The Craft of the Wiccens" in 1958. The advert asked fellow
1608:
in September 1939, stating that "I realised I had stumbled on something interesting; but I was half-initiated before the word
4420:
3958:
2174:
Here, the Pagan Witchcraft religion refers to those traditions which share similar theological beliefs, commemorate seasonal
2118:
1069:
292:
1939:
From 1970 onward, increasing numbers of books teaching readers how to become Pagan Witches were published; the earliest was
1874:, such as Gerard Noel or Doreen Valiente. In July 1968, a group of British Gardnerians began publishing a magazine titled
3825:
3810:
3413:
399:
3521:
459:
3079:
4323:
3714:
3552:
1879:
1668:
566:
551:
479:
197:
2142:. Doyle White suggests that they had done so in order to distance themselves from the increasing influence of the
1550:
in his writings, but this did not refer to the religion itself, instead referring to the religion's practitioners
4271:
3493:
1997:
1596:
1492:
1318:
1191:
961:
2138:
exhibited an us-and-them mentality against Gardnerianism and allied traditions, for whom they reserved the term
598:
3870:
3794:
3774:
3607:
3592:
2107:
728:
603:
529:
514:
272:
257:
1667:
soon became an accepted term among the early Gardnerians, as Gardner's followers and initiates became known.
4353:
3832:
3724:
3562:
2898:
2864:
1720:
1573:
In contrast with this plural use of the word, in a 1954 article written by Arnold Field, a reporter for the
1022:
608:
576:
489:
414:
207:
4137:
3709:
3177:
Gerald Gardner and the Cauldron of Inspiration: An Investigation Into the Sources of Gardnerian Witchcraft
2094:
1848:
1485:
1351:
818:
192:
2200:
have argued that it was a fabrication of Gardner's to cover up the fact that he founded Pagan Witchcraft
1125:
4343:
4299:
4040:
3920:
3865:
3739:
3664:
3654:
3639:
1886:
1466:
1255:
989:
778:
723:
593:
374:
222:
147:
137:
122:
92:
41:
3018:
Doyle White, Ethan (2010). "The Meaning of "Wicca": A Study in Etymology, History and Pagan Politics".
2178:
and practice magical rituals; this definition was utilised by Pagan Studies scholar Ethan Doyle White.
4458:
4431:
3885:
3516:
2192:
and independent researcher Steve Wilson have defended his account, other Pagan Studies scholars like
1945:
1401:
1037:
743:
454:
4410:
4364:
4358:
4338:
3557:
3436:
2130:
2082:
2070:
1575:
1284:
1210:
1187:
1099:
1063:
1032:
748:
561:
543:
484:
4328:
4306:
3930:
3699:
3035:
2902:
2868:
1982:
1379:
1184:
996:
788:
182:
75:
1996:
became increasingly associated purely with Gardnerianism and Alexandrianism (together known as
4247:
4101:
4061:
3501:
3466:
3391:
3385:
3370:
3327:
3321:
3306:
3287:
3270:
3260:
3241:
3218:
3199:
3180:
3161:
3142:
3125:
3108:
3066:
3056:
3006:
2987:
2945:
2937:
2175:
1890:
1474:
1436:
as its basis, although the two are fundamentally two distinct words with differing meanings,
1310:
933:
673:
633:
439:
86:
4333:
4292:
4278:
3925:
3784:
3729:
3719:
3689:
3684:
3526:
3450:
3364:
3027:
2970:
2034:
2026:
1954:
1621:
1605:
1565:
1528:
1441:
1406:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1232:
1224:
1156:
982:
968:
783:
571:
464:
262:
212:
202:
172:
167:
80:
65:
4415:
4393:
4388:
4285:
4172:
4028:
3993:
3855:
3779:
3769:
3704:
3694:
3634:
3511:
2197:
2189:
2102:
1839:
1815:
1725:
1716:
1672:
1462:
1418:
1343:
1279:
1236:
1079:
1042:
975:
923:
853:
713:
588:
449:
362:
327:
252:
187:
177:
117:
1857:(1899). Another early use could be found from December 1965, in the penultimate issue of
4453:
4034:
3905:
3837:
3754:
3749:
3734:
3644:
3629:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3542:
3477:
2193:
2042:
2025:
in their titles which advocated solitary practice of Pagan Witchcraft; best known were
1902:
1551:
1524:
1422:
1347:
1220:
1146:
1118:
763:
509:
504:
469:
419:
368:
237:
232:
217:
127:
112:
25:
1992:
This was part of a phenomenon that took place during the 1970s and 1980s, as the term
1583:. It is possible that Field misunderstood what Gardner was saying by not capitalising
4447:
4400:
4197:
4142:
3988:
3978:
3910:
3234:
3137:
Hanna, Jon (2010). "Chapter Four: Training, Standards and the Anti-fluffy Backlash".
3049:
3039:
2933:
2147:
1977:
was rejected by feminist Pagan Witchcraft groups in the United States, in particular
1437:
1355:
1301:
1104:
878:
823:
768:
556:
322:
312:
3284:
The Roebuck in the Thicket: An Anthology of the Robert Cochrane Witchcraft Tradition
3282:
Jones, Evan John; Cochrane, Robert (2001). "Chapter One". In Howard, Michael (ed.).
4375:
4045:
3983:
3764:
3744:
3669:
3659:
3567:
3547:
3506:
2337:
2078:
2050:
1978:
1457:
1452:
1339:
1314:
1263:
1239:, founder of his own tradition, had begun referring to the religion's followers as
1215:
1017:
494:
474:
444:
379:
317:
247:
227:
152:
142:
2105:, it was utilised by the script writers of two popular American television shows,
1810:. This etymological fact had been referred to five times in Gerald Gardner's book
1973:
as the name of the religion as a whole. Contrastingly, during the 1970s the term
1901:
in reference to the entire Pagan Witchcraft religion. One of Sanders' initiates,
4370:
4217:
4003:
3968:
3895:
3860:
3759:
3679:
3572:
1826:(1965). None of these specifically referred to the Pagan Witchcraft religion as
1693:
1617:
1389:
1259:
1202:
1052:
898:
753:
718:
499:
337:
302:
242:
162:
3139:
What Thou Wilt: Traditional and Innovative Trends in Post-Gardnerian Witchcraft
4405:
4157:
4096:
4023:
4018:
4013:
3963:
3900:
3890:
3880:
3815:
3674:
3649:
3602:
2122:
1940:
1814:(1959), as well as in other early texts propagating Pagan Witchcraft, such as
1701:
1489:
1089:
838:
758:
738:
668:
524:
404:
357:
352:
347:
297:
157:
132:
2831:
2806:
2332:
4207:
4121:
4091:
4008:
3973:
3820:
3597:
3274:
3010:
1962:
1866:
1676:
888:
693:
663:
519:
409:
342:
307:
4081:
3366:
The Shamanic Witch: Spiritual Practice Rooted in the Earth and Other Realms
3129:
3112:
3031:
2949:
1338:. Among those who have used the former definition are American sociologist
653:
3342:
3070:
2974:
1473:, that "the Saxon word 'wicca', a witch" was "of immemorial usage" in the
4232:
4227:
4212:
4182:
4066:
3935:
3789:
3215:
Witchfather: A Life of Gerald Gardner. Volume 2: From Witch Cult to Wicca
3087:
1986:
1922:
1697:
1484:
as the basis for the name of their burgeoning faith because theirs was a
1470:
1027:
913:
908:
893:
863:
793:
638:
267:
47:
4222:
4202:
4192:
4106:
4086:
4071:
3998:
3940:
2941:
2143:
2113:
2009:; written by Janus-Mithras, Nuit-Hilaria and Mer-Amun and published in
1844:
1445:
1084:
903:
883:
873:
798:
678:
658:
643:
332:
3405:
1675:, a Gardnerian High Priestess and High Priest who operated a coven in
4187:
4177:
4167:
4152:
4147:
4076:
3303:
Crafting the Art of Magic, Book I: A History of Witchcraft, 1939–1964
2010:
1231:. He claimed to have learned the term during his initiation into the
1047:
868:
858:
848:
833:
828:
648:
3196:
Witchfather: A Life of Gerald Gardner. Volume 1: Into the Witch Cult
2021:
In ensuing years, many other authors would publish books containing
4383:
4237:
4162:
4116:
3915:
3875:
1180:
1074:
918:
843:
773:
733:
688:
33:
3323:
Extraordinary Groups: An Examination of Unconventional Lifestyles
2719:
2691:
2689:
4242:
4111:
2154:
covens founded in the 1980s who began to describe themselves as
928:
683:
3409:
3158:
Wiccan Roots: Gerald Gardner and the Modern Witchcraft Revival
2984:
Her Hidden Children: The Rise of Wicca and Paganism in America
3236:
The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft
2744:
2742:
2740:
2652:
2650:
2613:
2611:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2557:
2555:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2314:
2312:
1480:
Doyle White suggests that the early Wiccans adopted the term
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
3020:
The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies
2963:
The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies
1171:
1989:, although the latter would adopt it by the 21st century.
1961:, in which he propagated his newly developed tradition of
1546:
1165:
1837:
is within an advertisement published in a 1962 issue of
3354:
Wilson, Steve (1996). "Woodcrafting the Art of Magic".
2957:
Clifton, Chas S. (2004). "Review of Philip Heselton's
2405:
2403:
2134:. Many Pagan Witches who considered themselves to be
1168:
1162:
3217:. Loughborough, Leicestershire: Thoth Publications.
3198:. Loughborough, Leicestershire: Thoth Publications.
1833:
The earliest known published reference for the word
1444:, with nearly a millennium between their respective
4316:
4256:
4130:
4054:
3949:
3846:
3803:
3620:
3535:
3492:
3485:
3443:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
1909:as "the witches' name for their Craft" in his book
1600:(1959) Gardner states that he first heard the term
1587:, and that therefore Gardner might have never used
1159:
3343:"Wica or Wicca? – Politics and the Power of Words"
3320:Schaefer, Richard T.; Zellner, William W. (2010).
3233:
3048:
2077:(2005). It was also adopted by American novelist
2017:Increasing popularisation and reaction: 1990–2010
1981:; the term does not appear in the early works of
1969:as the name of the tradition, he also referenced
1889:founded his own tradition, which became known as
1851:'s supposed account of a Tuscan witch tradition,
1488:that took "iconography and inspiration" from the
3240:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
2546:
2097:and being adopted by a French Luciferian group,
1227:, referred to the Pagan Witchcraft community as
2720:Janus-Mithras, Nuit-Hilaria & Mer-Amun 1981
1959:The Tree: The Complete Book of Saxon Witchcraft
1732:
1636:
1556:
1507:
1296:There are two separate definitions of the term
3255:Janus-Mithras; Nuit-Hilaria; Mer-Amun (1981).
2959:Gerald Gardner and the Cauldron of Inspiration
2117:; the first episode of the latter was titled "
1777:It is possible Cardell had also used the term
3421:
3001:Crowther, Patricia; Crowther, Arnold (1965).
2013:. It discussed a Gardnerian-based tradition.
1806:, the etymological origin of the Modern term
1126:
8:
3055:. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan.
2031:Wicca: A Guide for the Solitary Practitioner
1380:Etymology of witch § Germanic etymology
1235:in 1939. By the late 1950s, Gardner's rival
2772:
2760:
2748:
2731:
2707:
2695:
2680:
2668:
2656:
2629:
2617:
2602:
2590:
2578:
2561:
2534:
2370:
2318:
2303:
2284:
2237:
3489:
3428:
3414:
3406:
3051:What Witches Do: The Modern Coven Revealed
2005:first appeared in a book title in 1981 as
1197:Although pronounced differently, the term
1133:
1119:
20:
2481:
2469:
1878:, while Welshman Gavin Frost founded the
2457:
2445:
2421:
1935:Developments in North America: 1970–1990
1921:; an emotive term often associated with
1544:, which he always spelled with only one
1213:and has yielded the modern English word
2798:
2517:
2505:
2409:
2382:
2249:
2221:
2167:
1657:'s resemblance to the Old English word
1461:, in response to the popularisation of
32:
2784:
2641:
2433:
2039:Teen Witch: Wicca for a New Generation
1885:In the 1960s, the Gardnerian initiate
1400:
2493:
2394:
2272:
1882:in the United States that same year.
1247:in reference to the religion itself.
1219:. In the early 1950s, English Wiccan
7:
4265:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
3390:. BenBella Books. pp. 165–166.
3179:. Milverton, Somerset: Capall Bann.
3160:. Chievely, Berkshire: Capall Bann.
2041:(1998), but other examples included
1854:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
1824:Witchcraft, The Sixth Sense – and Us
1329:The development and use of the term
1300:that have been used in Paganism and
955:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
2101:. Becoming widely known in western
1949:(1970), which made no reference to
1913:(1971). The widespread adoption of
1421:counterpart. They are ancestral to
1350:, while others such as the Britons
4349:Left-hand path and right-hand path
1388:In the Early Medieval language of
14:
3326:. Worth Publishers. p. 373.
3305:. St Paul, Minnesota: Llewellyn.
1707:
1540:(1921). Gardner did use the term
1384:Witchcraft in Anglo-Saxon England
1209:, which referred to sorcerers in
4004:Spellwork / Incantation
3476:
1538:The Witch-Cult in Western Europe
1512:The Witch-Cult in Western Europe
1346:, and religious studies scholar
1155:
338:Spellwork / Incantation
40:
4426:Witchcraft Research Association
3078:Field, Arnold (5 August 1954).
3005:. Douglas, Isle of Man: Athol.
2986:. Oxford and Lanham: AltaMira.
2349:– via The Northern Miner.
1863:Witchcraft Research Association
1604:while being initiated into the
1498:
1095:Witchcraft Research Association
614:Witchcraft Research Association
4421:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic
3833:Holly King / Oak King
3341:Seims, Melissa (August 2008).
2121:" while the tenth was titled "
2119:Something Wicca This Way Comes
2081:as the title of her series of
2065:(2004), Arin Murphy-Hiscock's
1653:, Gardner also notes the term
1317:, which are together known as
1250:The inclusive use of the term
1201:is a modern derivation of the
1070:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic
415:Holly King / Oak King
1:
2331:Spence, Lewis (3 June 1932).
2150:states that he knew of three
1679:, use the term in their book
4324:List of Wiccan organisations
2547:Crowther & Crowther 1965
1748:Do not realise this Quicca.
3522:Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca
3369:. Weiser Books. p. 7.
2836:Online Etymology Dictionary
2811:Online Etymology Dictionary
2057:(2001), Raymond Buckland's
1736:That those who lack Magick.
582:New Reformed Orthodox Order
460:Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca
4475:
3553:Church and School of Wicca
3474:
2928:Bracelin, Jack L. (1960).
1865:. Here, a small column on
1822:(1962) and Justine Glass'
1495:of pre-Christian Britain.
1428:. The Modern English term
1377:
1325:Usage within Pagan studies
599:SpiralScouts International
567:Church and School of Wicca
552:Aquarian Tabernacle Church
480:Church and School of Wicca
16:Origin of the word "Wicca"
4272:The Meaning of Witchcraft
3213:Heselton, Philip (2012).
3194:Heselton, Philip (2012).
3175:Heselton, Philip (2004).
3156:Heselton, Philip (2000).
3122:The Meaning of Witchcraft
2982:Clifton, Chas S. (2006).
2055:Wicca: The Complete Craft
1998:British Traditional Wicca
1812:The Meaning of Witchcraft
1744:Have no wish to take part
1740:With those who know betta
1683:(1959), writing that "he
1651:The Meaning of Witchcraft
1597:The Meaning of Witchcraft
1319:British Traditional Wicca
1192:British Traditional Wicca
962:The Meaning of Witchcraft
3871:Wiccan views of divinity
3608:Universal Eclectic Wicca
3259:. Toronto: Isis Urania.
3120:Gardner, Gerald (1959).
3103:Gardner, Gerald (1954).
3086:. London. Archived from
3047:Farrar, Stewart (1971).
2333:"Witchcraft and Sorcery"
2108:Buffy the Vampire Slayer
1861:, the newsletter of the
1746:Seems a pity the "Wicca"
729:Wiccan views of divinity
604:Universal Eclectic Wicca
530:Universal Eclectic Wicca
4354:Cunning folk in Britain
3384:Yeffeth, Glenn (2003).
3232:Hutton, Ronald (1999).
2899:Oxford University Press
2865:Oxford University Press
2067:Solitary Wicca for Life
1953:. This was followed by
1742:We who practice the Art
1738:Should start a vendetta
1644:Ethan Doyle White, 2010
1519:Ethan Doyle White, 2010
1023:Cunning folk in Britain
609:Wiccan Church of Canada
577:Covenant of the Goddess
4138:Magical tools in Wicca
3710:Ipsita Roy Chakraverti
3387:Seven Seasons of Buffy
3257:Wicca: The Ancient Way
3032:10.1558/pome.v12i2.185
2131:traditional witchcraft
2095:Ipsita Roy Chakraverti
2007:Wicca: The Ancient Way
1820:Where Witchcraft Lives
1758:Cardell used the term
1750:
1641:
1571:
1531:, never used the term
1516:
1486:new religious movement
1285:traditional witchcraft
819:Magical tools in Wicca
193:Ipsita Roy Chakraverti
4344:Witch-cult hypothesis
4300:Charge of the Goddess
4041:Solitary practitioner
3959:Drawing down the Moon
3740:Cerridwen Fallingstar
3461:Wicca and LGBT people
3301:Kelly, Aidan (1991).
2975:10.1558/pome.v6i2.267
2930:Gerald Gardner: Witch
1843:magazine; in this, a
1734:We feel it is tragick
1614:Gerald Gardner: Witch
1591:in a singular sense.
1467:witch-cult hypothesis
1432:took the Old English
990:Charge of the Goddess
594:The Rowan Tree Church
375:Solitary practitioner
293:Drawing down the Moon
223:Cerridwen Fallingstar
93:Witch-cult hypothesis
3517:Central Valley Wicca
3124:. London: Aquarian.
3090:on 29 September 2013
1979:the Dianic tradition
1946:Mastering Witchcraft
1893:; he used the terms
1753:Margaret Bruce, 1960
1529:Gardnerian tradition
1243:, and possibly used
1225:Gardnerian tradition
544:Wiccan organisations
455:Central Valley Wicca
4365:Malleus Maleficarum
4359:European witchcraft
4339:Neopagan witchcraft
3494:British Traditional
3437:Neopagan witchcraft
3363:Wood, Gail (2008).
3080:"Yes, I am a Witch"
2905:on October 20, 2013
2895:Oxford Dictionaries
2861:Oxford Dictionaries
2734:, pp. 197–198.
2698:, pp. 196–197.
2671:, pp. 195–196.
2632:, pp. 194–195.
2593:, pp. 192–193.
2338:The Weekly Scotsman
2156:Traditional Witches
2136:Traditional Witches
2071:Ann-Marie Gallagher
1616:(1960), written by
1458:The Weekly Scotsman
1342:, literary scholar
1211:Anglo-Saxon England
1064:Malleus Maleficarum
1033:European witchcraft
562:Children of Artemis
4380:Magical alphabets
4329:Bricket Wood coven
4307:Enchanted Feminism
3700:Zsuzsanna Budapest
3456:Etymology of Wicca
2775:, p. 199–202.
2099:Le Wicca Française
1983:Zsuzsanna Budapest
1708:Charles Cardell's
1620:but attributed to
1185:contemporary Pagan
1183:, the religion of
997:Enchanted Feminism
584:of the Golden Dawn
183:Zsuzsanna Budapest
76:Bricket Wood coven
71:Etymology of Wicca
4441:
4440:
4062:Wheel of the Year
3715:Patricia Crowther
3616:
3615:
3502:Alexandrian Wicca
3467:Dettmer v. Landon
3376:978-1-57863-430-9
3333:978-1-4292-3224-1
3312:978-0-87542-370-8
3266:978-1-881532-02-6
3247:978-0-19-820744-3
3224:978-1-870450-79-9
3205:978-1-870450-80-5
3186:978-1-86163-164-0
3167:978-1-86163-110-7
3148:978-1-904808-43-5
3107:. London: Rider.
3062:978-0-432-04570-1
3003:The Witches Speak
2993:978-0-7591-0202-6
1891:Alexandrian Wicca
1790:The emergence of
1681:The Witches Speak
1552:in a plural sense
1499:Gerald Gardner's
1475:Scottish Lowlands
1442:grammatical usage
1402:[ˈwittʃɑ]
1315:Algard Witchcraft
1223:, founder of the
1143:
1142:
634:Wheel of the Year
440:Alexandrian Wicca
286:Rites and rituals
198:Patricia Crowther
87:Dettmer v. Landon
4466:
4411:Witches' Sabbath
4334:New Forest coven
4293:Witchcraft Today
4279:The Spiral Dance
3826:Spirit of nature
3785:Silver RavenWolf
3730:Scott Cunningham
3720:Vivianne Crowley
3690:Raymond Buckland
3558:Cochrane's Craft
3527:Gardnerian Wicca
3490:
3480:
3451:History of Wicca
3430:
3423:
3416:
3407:
3401:
3380:
3359:
3350:
3337:
3316:
3297:
3278:
3251:
3239:
3228:
3209:
3190:
3171:
3152:
3133:
3116:
3105:Witchcraft Today
3099:
3097:
3095:
3074:
3054:
3043:
3014:
2997:
2978:
2953:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2901:. Archived from
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2871:on July 18, 2013
2867:. Archived from
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2803:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2773:Doyle White 2010
2770:
2764:
2761:Doyle White 2010
2758:
2752:
2749:Doyle White 2010
2746:
2735:
2732:Doyle White 2010
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2708:Doyle White 2010
2705:
2699:
2696:Doyle White 2010
2693:
2684:
2681:Doyle White 2010
2678:
2672:
2669:Doyle White 2010
2666:
2660:
2657:Doyle White 2010
2654:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2630:Doyle White 2010
2627:
2621:
2618:Doyle White 2010
2615:
2606:
2603:Doyle White 2010
2600:
2594:
2591:Doyle White 2010
2588:
2582:
2579:Doyle White 2010
2576:
2565:
2562:Doyle White 2010
2559:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2535:Doyle White 2010
2532:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2371:Doyle White 2010
2368:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2328:
2322:
2319:Doyle White 2010
2316:
2307:
2304:Doyle White 2010
2301:
2288:
2285:Doyle White 2010
2282:
2276:
2270:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2238:Doyle White 2010
2235:
2205:
2185:
2179:
2172:
2047:The Wicca Garden
2035:Silver RavenWolf
2027:Scott Cunningham
1955:Raymond Buckland
1754:
1645:
1622:Jack L. Bracelin
1606:New Forest coven
1569:
1566:Witchcraft Today
1564:Gerald Gardner,
1520:
1404:
1399:
1278:. As it entered
1276:Silver RavenWolf
1272:Scott Cunningham
1268:Raymond Buckland
1233:New Forest coven
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1100:Witches' Sabbath
983:Witchcraft Today
969:The Spiral Dance
572:Circle Sanctuary
485:Cochrane's Craft
465:Gardnerian Wicca
263:Silver RavenWolf
213:Scott Cunningham
203:Vivianne Crowley
173:Raymond Buckland
81:New Forest coven
66:History of Wicca
59:History of Wicca
50:
44:
21:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4416:Flying ointment
4312:
4286:What Witches Do
4252:
4173:Book of Shadows
4126:
4050:
4029:Rite of passage
3994:Herbal medicine
3951:
3945:
3856:Wiccan morality
3848:
3842:
3799:
3780:Rosaleen Norton
3775:Frederic Lamond
3770:Philip Heselton
3725:Robert Cochrane
3705:Charles Cardell
3695:Eddie Buczynski
3665:Victor Anderson
3635:Doreen Valiente
3622:
3612:
3531:
3512:Blue Star Wicca
3481:
3472:
3439:
3434:
3404:
3398:
3383:
3377:
3362:
3353:
3340:
3334:
3319:
3313:
3300:
3294:
3286:. Capall Bann.
3281:
3267:
3254:
3248:
3231:
3225:
3212:
3206:
3193:
3187:
3174:
3168:
3155:
3149:
3136:
3119:
3102:
3093:
3091:
3077:
3063:
3046:
3017:
3000:
2994:
2981:
2956:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2840:
2838:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2815:
2813:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2783:
2779:
2771:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2747:
2738:
2730:
2726:
2718:
2714:
2706:
2702:
2694:
2687:
2679:
2675:
2667:
2663:
2655:
2648:
2644:, pp. 4–6.
2640:
2636:
2628:
2624:
2616:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2585:
2577:
2568:
2560:
2553:
2545:
2541:
2533:
2524:
2516:
2512:
2504:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2468:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2444:
2440:
2432:
2428:
2420:
2416:
2408:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2369:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2317:
2310:
2302:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2271:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2236:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2198:Chas S. Clifton
2190:Philip Heselton
2186:
2182:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2103:popular culture
2075:The Wicca Bible
2019:
1937:
1932:
1911:What Witches Do
1880:Church of Wicca
1816:Doreen Valiente
1796:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1726:Book of Shadows
1717:Charles Cardell
1714:
1673:Arnold Crowther
1647:
1643:
1570:
1563:
1522:
1518:
1505:
1463:Margaret Murray
1397:
1386:
1376:
1364:
1344:Chas S. Clifton
1327:
1294:
1280:popular culture
1237:Charles Cardell
1158:
1154:
1139:
1110:
1109:
1043:Flying ointment
1013:
1012:
1003:
1002:
976:What Witches Do
949:
948:
939:
938:
924:Theban alphabet
854:Book of Shadows
814:
813:
804:
803:
714:Wiccan morality
709:
708:
699:
698:
629:
628:
619:
618:
589:Panthean Temple
583:
547:
546:
535:
534:
450:Blue Star Wicca
435:
434:
425:
424:
395:
394:
385:
384:
363:Rite of passage
328:Herbal medicine
288:
287:
278:
277:
258:Frederic Lamond
253:Philip Heselton
208:Robert Cochrane
188:Charles Cardell
178:Eddie Buczynski
148:Victor Anderson
118:Doreen Valiente
108:
107:
106:Notable figures
98:
97:
61:
60:
51:
46:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4472:
4470:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4446:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4248:Witch's ladder
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4193:Chalice/Goblet
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4035:Eko Eko Azarak
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3906:The Summerland
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3852:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3838:Mother goddess
3835:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3818:
3813:
3811:Triple Goddess
3807:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3755:Raven Grimassi
3752:
3750:Stewart Farrar
3747:
3742:
3737:
3735:Phyllis Curott
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3645:Maxine Sanders
3642:
3637:
3632:
3630:Gerald Gardner
3626:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3588:Odyssean Wicca
3585:
3583:Georgian Wicca
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3543:1734 Tradition
3539:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3410:
3403:
3402:
3396:
3381:
3375:
3360:
3351:
3338:
3332:
3317:
3311:
3298:
3292:
3279:
3265:
3252:
3246:
3229:
3223:
3210:
3204:
3191:
3185:
3172:
3166:
3153:
3147:
3134:
3117:
3100:
3084:Daily Dispatch
3075:
3061:
3044:
3026:(2): 185–207.
3015:
2998:
2992:
2979:
2969:(2): 261–267.
2954:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2882:
2848:
2823:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2787:, p. 385.
2777:
2765:
2763:, p. 199.
2753:
2751:, p. 198.
2736:
2724:
2712:
2710:, p. 197.
2700:
2685:
2683:, p. 196.
2673:
2661:
2659:, p. 195.
2646:
2634:
2622:
2620:, p. 193.
2607:
2605:, p. 192.
2595:
2583:
2581:, p. 191.
2566:
2564:, p. 190.
2551:
2539:
2537:, p. 189.
2522:
2510:
2498:
2486:
2482:Heselton 2012b
2474:
2470:Heselton 2012a
2462:
2450:
2438:
2426:
2424:, p. 151.
2414:
2399:
2387:
2385:, p. 102.
2375:
2373:, p. 188.
2352:
2323:
2321:, p. 187.
2308:
2306:, p. 205.
2289:
2277:
2254:
2242:
2240:, p. 203.
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2194:Aidan A. Kelly
2180:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:in the 1990s.
2059:Wicca for Life
2043:Gerina Dunwich
2018:
2015:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1930:Popularisation
1928:
1903:Stewart Farrar
1849:Charles Leland
1795:
1788:
1731:
1713:
1706:
1635:
1576:Daily Dispatch
1561:
1525:Gerald Gardner
1506:
1504:
1497:
1423:Modern English
1407:masculine noun
1375:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1348:Aidan A. Kelly
1326:
1323:
1293:
1290:
1221:Gerald Gardner
1147:Modern English
1141:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1060:
1058:LGBT and Wicca
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
993:
986:
979:
972:
965:
958:
950:
946:
945:
944:
941:
940:
937:
936:
934:Witch's ladder
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
874:Chalice/Goblet
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
815:
811:
810:
809:
806:
805:
802:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
764:The Summerland
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
710:
706:
705:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
630:
626:
625:
624:
621:
620:
617:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
548:
542:
541:
540:
537:
536:
533:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
510:Odyssean Wicca
507:
505:Georgian Wicca
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
470:1734 Tradition
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
436:
432:
431:
430:
427:
426:
423:
422:
420:Mother goddess
417:
412:
407:
402:
400:Triple Goddess
396:
392:
391:
390:
387:
386:
383:
382:
377:
372:
369:Eko Eko Azarak
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
289:
285:
284:
283:
280:
279:
276:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
238:Raven Grimassi
235:
233:Stewart Farrar
230:
225:
220:
218:Phyllis Curott
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
128:Maxine Sanders
125:
120:
115:
113:Gerald Gardner
109:
105:
104:
103:
100:
99:
96:
95:
90:
83:
78:
73:
68:
62:
58:
57:
56:
53:
52:
45:
37:
36:
30:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4471:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4433:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4401:Witching hour
4399:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4131:Paraphernalia
4129:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3989:Cone of power
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3979:Fivefold kiss
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3911:Reincarnation
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3866:Rule of Three
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3795:Joseph Wilson
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3685:Jack Bracelin
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3619:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3563:Coven of Atho
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3431:
3426:
3424:
3419:
3417:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3399:
3397:1-932100-08-3
3393:
3389:
3388:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3295:
3293:1-86163-155-3
3289:
3285:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3238:
3237:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3140:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2934:Octagon Press
2931:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2883:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2824:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2793:
2786:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2549:, p. 39.
2548:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2520:, p. 15.
2519:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2458:Heselton 2004
2454:
2451:
2447:
2446:Heselton 2000
2442:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2422:Bracelin 1960
2418:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2211:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2148:Ronald Hutton
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2063:Wicca for One
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1567:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1515:
1513:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1438:pronunciation
1435:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1356:Ronald Hutton
1353:
1352:Graham Harvey
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1302:Pagan studies
1299:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1152:
1148:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1105:Witching hour
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1007:
1006:
999:
998:
994:
992:
991:
987:
985:
984:
980:
978:
977:
973:
971:
970:
966:
964:
963:
959:
957:
956:
952:
951:
943:
942:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
812:Paraphernalia
808:
807:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
769:Reincarnation
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
724:Rule of Three
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
711:
703:
702:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
631:
623:
622:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
557:Coven Celeste
555:
553:
550:
549:
545:
539:
538:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
490:Coven of Atho
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
437:
429:
428:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
397:
389:
388:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
370:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
323:Cone of power
321:
319:
316:
314:
313:Fivefold kiss
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
290:
282:
281:
274:
273:Joseph Wilson
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
168:Jack Bracelin
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
110:
102:
101:
94:
91:
89:
88:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
55:
54:
49:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
4432:Fluffy Bunny
4376:Cunning folk
4371:Granny woman
4363:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4263:
4046:Spiral dance
4033:
3984:Magic circle
3765:Yvonne Frost
3745:Janet Farrar
3660:Margot Adler
3640:Alex Sanders
3568:Dianic Wicca
3548:Celtic Wicca
3507:Algard Wicca
3465:
3455:
3386:
3365:
3355:
3347:The Cauldron
3346:
3322:
3302:
3283:
3256:
3235:
3214:
3195:
3176:
3157:
3141:. Evertype.
3138:
3121:
3104:
3092:. Retrieved
3088:the original
3083:
3050:
3023:
3019:
3002:
2983:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2929:
2921:Bibliography
2907:. Retrieved
2903:the original
2894:
2885:
2873:. Retrieved
2869:the original
2860:
2851:
2839:. Retrieved
2835:
2832:"witch (n.)"
2826:
2814:. Retrieved
2810:
2807:"Wicca (n.)"
2801:
2780:
2768:
2756:
2727:
2715:
2703:
2676:
2664:
2637:
2625:
2598:
2586:
2542:
2518:Clifton 2006
2513:
2506:Clifton 2004
2501:
2489:
2477:
2465:
2453:
2441:
2429:
2417:
2410:Gardner 1959
2390:
2383:Gardner 1954
2378:
2345:30 September
2343:. Retrieved
2336:
2326:
2280:
2250:Clifton 2006
2245:
2201:
2183:
2170:
2155:
2151:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2112:
2106:
2098:
2089:
2087:
2079:Cate Tiernan
2074:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2051:D. J. Conway
2046:
2038:
2030:
2022:
2020:
2006:
2002:
1993:
1991:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1965:; utilising
1958:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1905:, describes
1898:
1894:
1887:Alex Sanders
1884:
1875:
1871:
1858:
1852:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1791:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1751:
1733:
1724:
1721:Spiritualism
1715:
1709:
1702:Black Masses
1680:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1642:
1637:
1630:
1625:
1613:
1609:
1601:
1595:
1594:In his book
1593:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1557:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1500:
1490:polytheistic
1481:
1479:
1456:
1453:Lewis Spence
1450:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1414:
1410:
1393:
1387:
1372:
1368:
1367:Old English
1340:Margot Adler
1335:
1330:
1328:
1305:
1297:
1295:
1283:
1264:Yvonne Frost
1256:Alex Sanders
1251:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1228:
1214:
1206:
1198:
1196:
1179:) refers to
1150:
1144:
1062:
1053:Granny woman
1038:Fluffy Bunny
1018:Cunning folk
995:
988:
981:
974:
967:
960:
953:
707:Key concepts
495:Dianic Wicca
475:Celtic Wicca
445:Algard Wicca
380:Spiral dance
367:
318:Magic circle
248:Yvonne Frost
228:Janet Farrar
143:Margot Adler
123:Alex Sanders
85:
70:
18:
4459:Etymologies
3969:Handfasting
3896:White magic
3861:Wiccan Rede
3760:Gavin Frost
3680:Lois Bourne
3573:Faery Wicca
3358:(8): 12–14.
2794:Etymologies
2785:Hutton 1999
2642:Farrar 1971
2434:Wilson 1996
2341:. p. 4
2083:young adult
2069:(2005) and
2061:(2004) and
2033:(1988) and
1794:: 1962–1970
1712:: 1958–1960
1704: ..."
1694:Black Magic
1618:Idries Shah
1559:witchcraft.
1503:: 1939–1966
1392:, the term
1390:Old English
1311:Alexandrian
1292:Definitions
1203:Old English
1149:, the term
754:White magic
719:Wiccan Rede
500:Faery Wicca
303:Handfasting
243:Gavin Frost
163:Lois Bourne
4448:Categories
4406:Witch-hunt
4257:Literature
4238:Tarot deck
4097:Lughnasadh
4024:Initiation
4019:Invocation
4014:Divination
3964:Great rite
3952:and ritual
3931:Watchtower
3901:Otherworld
3891:Witchcraft
3881:Craft name
3816:Horned God
3675:Gavin Bone
3650:Sybil Leek
3603:Stregheria
3593:Reclaiming
3486:Traditions
2942:B0007J1UEE
2932:. London:
2494:Kelly 1991
2395:Field 1954
2273:Seims 2008
2212:References
2123:Wicca Envy
1941:Paul Huson
1919:witchcraft
1876:The Wiccan
1455:writes in
1398:pronounced
1378:See also:
1188:witchcraft
1090:Witch-hunt
947:Literature
919:Tarot deck
789:Watchtower
759:Otherworld
749:Witchcraft
739:Craft name
669:Lughnasadh
525:Stregheria
515:Reclaiming
433:Traditions
405:Horned God
358:Initiation
353:Invocation
348:Divination
298:Great rite
158:Gavin Bone
133:Sybil Leek
4208:Parchment
4122:Wild Hunt
4092:Midsummer
4009:Banishing
3974:Wiccaning
3821:Green Man
3598:Seax-Wica
3094:23 August
3040:154160260
2217:Footnotes
2088:The term
1971:the Wicca
1963:Seax-Wica
1899:the Wicca
1872:Pentagram
1867:Halloween
1859:Pentagram
1798:The term
1685:Red Queen
1677:Sheffield
889:Parchment
694:Wild Hunt
664:Midsummer
520:Seax-Wica
410:Green Man
343:Banishing
308:Wiccaning
4233:Talisman
4213:Pentacle
4183:Cauldron
4067:Solstice
4055:Holidays
3936:Familiar
3926:Summoner
3849:concepts
3790:Starhawk
3275:15913479
3011:18867004
2909:23 March
2841:20 March
2816:20 March
2085:novels.
2049:(1996),
1987:Starhawk
1923:Satanism
1698:Satanism
1669:Patricia
1639:period.
1562:—
1514:(1921).
1471:Scotland
1451:In 1932
1446:floruits
1419:feminine
1417:was its
1411:sorcerer
1405:) was a
1229:the Wica
1028:Enochian
914:Talisman
894:Pentacle
864:Cauldron
794:Familiar
784:Summoner
639:Solstice
627:Holidays
268:Starhawk
48:Pentacle
26:a series
24:Part of
4317:Related
4223:Scourge
4203:Incense
4178:Candles
4107:Samhain
4087:Beltane
4072:Equinox
3999:Scrying
3941:Animism
3921:Skyclad
3804:Deities
3670:Artemis
3623:figures
3621:Notable
3444:History
3356:Aisling
3130:2378484
3113:1059746
2950:2792799
2891:"Wicca"
2875:17 July
2857:"witch"
2176:Sabbats
2144:New Age
2114:Charmed
1845:Cardiff
1786:Wica".
1768:Wiccens
1362:Origins
1241:Wiccens
1085:Thelema
904:Scourge
884:Incense
859:Candles
799:Animism
779:Skyclad
679:Samhain
659:Beltane
644:Equinox
393:Deities
333:Scrying
153:Artemis
4394:Hebrew
4389:Theban
4228:Statue
4188:Censer
4168:Boline
4153:Athame
4148:Amulet
4082:Ostara
4077:Imbolc
3394:
3373:
3349:(129).
3330:
3309:
3290:
3273:
3263:
3244:
3221:
3202:
3183:
3164:
3145:
3128:
3111:
3071:278953
3069:
3059:
3038:
3009:
2990:
2948:
2940:
2152:Wiccan
2011:Canada
1772:Wiccen
1760:Wiccen
1710:Wiccen
1568:(1954)
1440:, and
1382:, and
1304:since
1080:Theban
1048:Goetia
909:Statue
869:Censer
849:Boline
834:Athame
829:Amulet
654:Ostara
649:Imbolc
4454:Wicca
4384:Runes
4218:Runes
4163:Besom
4143:Altar
4117:Esbat
4102:Mabon
3950:Rites
3916:Karma
3886:Magic
3876:Coven
3536:Other
3036:S2CID
2204:1950.
2202:circa
2162:Notes
2140:Wicca
2090:Wicca
2023:Wicca
2003:Wicca
1994:Wicca
1975:Wicca
1951:Wicca
1915:Wicca
1907:Wicca
1895:Wicca
1835:Wicca
1828:Wicca
1808:witch
1804:wicca
1800:Wicca
1792:Wicca
1783:Wicca
1779:Wicca
1764:Light
1689:Alice
1687:told
1659:wicca
1533:Wicca
1493:cults
1482:wicca
1434:wicca
1430:Wicca
1426:witch
1415:ƿiċċe
1394:ƿiċċa
1373:ƿiċċe
1369:ƿiċċa
1336:Wicca
1331:Wicca
1306:circa
1298:Wicca
1260:Gavin
1252:Wicca
1245:Wicca
1216:witch
1207:ƿiċċa
1205:word
1199:Wicca
1181:Wicca
1151:Wicca
1075:Runes
1011:Other
899:Runes
844:Besom
824:Altar
774:Karma
744:Magic
734:Coven
689:Esbat
674:Mabon
34:Wicca
4243:Wand
4198:Horn
4158:Bell
4112:Yule
3655:Dafo
3578:Feri
3392:ISBN
3371:ISBN
3328:ISBN
3307:ISBN
3288:ISBN
3271:OCLC
3261:ISBN
3242:ISBN
3219:ISBN
3200:ISBN
3181:ISBN
3162:ISBN
3143:ISBN
3126:OCLC
3109:OCLC
3096:2013
3067:OCLC
3057:ISBN
3007:OCLC
2988:ISBN
2946:OCLC
2938:ASIN
2911:2013
2877:2013
2843:2013
2818:2013
2347:2013
2196:and
2111:and
1985:and
1967:Wica
1897:and
1840:Fate
1671:and
1665:Wica
1655:Wica
1631:Wica
1626:Wica
1610:Wica
1602:Wica
1589:Wica
1585:Wica
1581:wica
1542:Wica
1501:Wica
1409:for
1371:and
1354:and
1313:and
1274:and
1262:and
1258:and
929:Wand
879:Horn
839:Bell
684:Yule
138:Dafo
3847:Key
3028:doi
2971:doi
2961:".
2125:".
2073:'s
2053:'s
2045:'s
2037:'s
2029:'s
1957:'s
1943:'s
1818:'s
1649:In
1469:in
1465:'s
1145:In
4450::
3345:.
3269:.
3082:.
3065:.
3034:.
3024:12
3022:.
2965:.
2944:.
2936:.
2897:.
2893:.
2863:.
2859:.
2834:.
2809:.
2739:^
2688:^
2649:^
2610:^
2569:^
2554:^
2525:^
2402:^
2355:^
2335:.
2311:^
2292:^
2257:^
2224:^
1830:.
1774:.
1729:.
1700:,
1696:,
1633:.
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1477:.
1448:.
1413:;
1321:.
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1270:,
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