Knowledge (XXG)

Eugene Luther Vidal

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706: 1235:. Fagg may have been the lawyer FDR had in mind for the job in September 1936, as he was then a technical adviser to the Copeland Committee. Fagg had also been an Air Service pilot in Europe during World War I and was appointed to the BAC as a troubleshooter. He completely reorganized the Bureau, setting it in proper working order, and restored confidence in both the BAC and its programs before resuming his interrupted academic career. Of note, he created a safety and planning section in the BAC for the study of improved safety devices for pilots. Rudolph W. "Shorty" Schroeder, head of the airline inspection service and a noted former test pilot for the Air Service, was promoted to the only assistant director's position, directly accountable to Fagg. 327: 1244:"Duply" was a portmanteau derived from "DuPont," whose labs were the site of the first experimentation, and "plywood." Atwood still owned Atwood Carolina, a pre-war airplane manufacturing company. His biographer states that he and Vidal were vying to be known as the "Henry Ford of aviation" and Atwood felt he was "cheated" out of his patent by Vidal, whom he says purchased it for $ 10,000 in 1939 and then only paid a year's royalty before filing for a patent under his own name with slight changes in the process. Atwood's process and Vidal's superficially resembled each other but employed different bonding methods. (Mansfield, pp, 132, 165, and 185-186) 1291:
22 feet (6.7 m), roughly the size of an automobile, with a top speed of 138 mph (222 km/h), a very low landing speed with flaps of 38 mph (61 km/h), and without flaps of 42 mph (68 km/h). If Vidal felt justified that he had at last produced his "People's Airplane," he was disappointed that another was never built. The design was used for an additional prototype, a sport aerobatic trainer marketed by Summit as the "Westfield Trainer," but only one was flown before World War II shut down Summit's production. (
591:'s passenger airline subsidiary, Boston & Maine Airways, and incorporated a holding company, National Airways, Inc., to procure aircraft for the endeavor. Collins and Earhart were president and vice president respectively in the B&MA while Vidal, by then in government service, was an unpaid director. He became a partner in Boston & Maine Airways in 1938, which merged with National Airways in November, 1940 and became 1111:
or Observation), and only Observation then had a specialized school for it. (A formal school for phased advanced pilot training was finally instituted in 1924 at Kelly Field.) The Air Service had only two pilot ratings in 1921-1922, Airplane Pilot and Junior Airplane Pilot, with the latter normally awarded only to enlisted pilots who did not undertake advanced training and be commissioned. (Cameron, pp. 223-226)
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but evidence showed that its effective range at the time of the crash was only two. The pilot had also been flying more than eight hours on a special waiver of the DOC regulation that Vidal granted TWA. Vidal made perceptions of his own culpability more likely three weeks after the crash, when he cancelled all such waivers after public criticism of them by the
889:, worked with Vidal in Bendix Borough to build a small airplane entirely from Weldwood: the Summit HM-5. A prototype was built (NX25332) and successfully flown. In 1940, based on the successful fabrication of the HM-5, Vidal began a project under the Aircraft Research trade name to manufacture a basic trainer for the Air Corps, designated the 315:. Vidal was captain of the university's 1915 football and 1916 basketball teams, leading the basketball team in scoring in both years, thereby assisting the university in winning an Intercollegiate Conference Title during his participation. Vidal received an engineering degree from USD and subsequently accepted an appointment from Congressman 705: 1164:
who were being called upon to develop the product, saw it as a direct attack on themselves and the industry with the "unmistakable implication" that they were not making an honest effort to produce a safe aircraft at the lowest possible price, which they feared would undermine public confidence in aviation itself. (
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Vidal was open to personal criticism when an investigator testified that "a niggling economy" may have played a role in the crash because Vidal had ordered all secondary airports to reduce beacon wattage to save electricity costs. The beacon should have been detectable up to 25 miles from the airport
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From 1920 to 1924, because of a lack of appropriations, the Air Service offered only primary flying training to pilot trainees, conducted at either Carlstrom or March Field, California. All advanced pilot training was provided only in one of the four combat specialties (Pursuit, Bombardment, Attack,
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all-metal sport planes but was developed independently. The wings were made in three lateral sections and the fuselage in two halves, from Weldwood, using spruce and mahogany veneers. The HM-5 had a wingspan of 28 feet (8.5 m), a height of 7.33 feet (2.23 m), and an overall length of just
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In the face of criticism of his aviation policy by Congress and the airline industry, Roosevelt moved to reorganize the BAC, dismiss Vidal and his two assistant directors, and appoint a lawyer to replace him. He was compelled to reinstate Vidal, however, when Earhart advised Mrs. Roosevelt that she
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there was not operating properly. Flight 6 ran low on fuel and either inadvertently flew into the ground or crashed trying to make an emergency landing in the dark. It was the seventh in a series of fatal crashes that took 43 lives. A lengthy investigation into the Flight 6 crash and airline safety
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Vidal also organized Bureau headquarters so that decision-making authority was divided among himself and two assistant directors, for Air Navigation and for Air Regulation, in an attempt to make the Bureau more effective in its regulatory role. Of the BAC's seven functional divisions, however, only
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on an hourly daytime schedule between Washington, D.C., and New York, Ludington became the first purely passenger air carrier to show a profit. However, Vidal, Collins and Earhart all left the airline in 1932 when its profitability declined because of a failure in 1931 to obtain an airmail contract
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While Vidal's admirers in general attribute the opposition to conservative opponents of the New Deal or those with vested interests in expensive commercial aircraft, most who opposed it did so on economic grounds, particularly the costs for engines and owner maintenance. Established manufacturers,
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then earned him the wealth that had eluded his earlier entrepreneurial attempts. Restrictions on the use of metals in 1942, particularly aluminum, caused by an increased demand by shipbuilders and aircraft manufacturers, led both the Army and the Navy to demand designs for components and training
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as assistant director for Air Regulation in its Aeronautics Branch. Over 40 candidates were being sponsored for the directorship by various political supporters of the president, including Vidal, but Roosevelt delayed making the appointment. On September 19, 1933, with Earhart's recommendation to
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Vidal returned to West Point on July 5, 1922, for a four-year tour of duty as an assistant instructor in the Department of Tactics, the first member of the Air Service to be assigned to the academy staff. Later he was also an assistant instructor in Military Gymnastics and Physical Culture, with
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in Hawaii on March 20, 1937, and, with Vidal by then gone from the BAC, she encountered obstacles from the new management of the Bureau attempting to prevent a second attempt. Earhart herself wrote that permission for the trip was granted by the BAC despite its reluctance because it was in no
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Earhart's biographer Butler alleges he was undermined by his two assistants, both of whom she states coveted the director's job. Although they remained with the BAC when Vidal left, neither subsequently got the job when the Bureau was reorganized in April, 1937. FDR's Secretary of Commerce
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Administration and Aeronautic Information were responsible to Vidal and disorganization resulted from a lack of clear lines of authority. A dearth of procedures and policy created what one aviation historian described as a "paper jungle" of rules, bulletins, notices, and reports.
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would publicly withdraw her support for FDR's re-election if he did not. After Copeland announced a new round of investigations in November, disorganization in the Bureau and continuing hostility from the aviation industry contributed to his resignation on February 28, 1937.
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for Aviation." The "$ 700 airplane" became an object of ridicule that would haunt the remainder of his time in government. Vidal called for $ 1,000,000 to be Federally funded to underwrite the project, and half of that was immediately allocated by the
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put possibly the final word on "the People's Car" in 1999: "At a fundamental level, Eugene Vidal was wrong. ... Flying is not like driving an automobile. It is an unforgiving pursuit that demands a high degree of concentration and specialized skill."
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ordered the shakeup of the BAC, citing "divided responsibility," "inefficient administration," and a "mess" in the Bureau. The two assistant positions were immediately reduced to one and their occupants sent on "study missions" to Latin America and
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in the United States, initially negotiating an interline air traffic agreement with the airlines to build and operate several until funding could be appropriated for a Federal takeover of the system, which was obtained in March, 1936 for the next
498:, but he lost all his investments in the subsequent "bust." After coaching college football from 1926 to 1928, in March 1929 Vidal joined Transcontinental Air Transport (T.A.T.), where he rapidly rose to assistant general manager in its 830:), New Jersey. This was the foundation for what he described as "a development-licensing-patenting firm", the Vidal Research Corporation, "which for the next fifteen or so years acquired a number of licenses companies." In 1938, he 2961: 2397: 2292: 1455: 1083:
The Vidal children were: Lurene Vidal (born 1893), Gene Vidal, Amy Vidal (born 1903), Margaret Vidal (born 1910), and Felix L. Vidal, Jr. (born 1912). Felix graduated from West Point in 1933 and became a career officer in the
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as one of the "12 Outstanding Young Men of America." On July 1, 1934, with Vidal continuing as its director, the Aeronautics Branch was renamed the Bureau of Air Commerce (BAC) to emphasize its status as a regulatory agency.
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Vidal's national renown and prowess as an athlete resulted in many instances during his military career, with the war ended, where he was granted leaves or assignments outside his normal duties to perform in sports from
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Vidal's West Point class (originally Class of 1920) graduated on November 1, 1918, 19 months early because of World War I, with Vidal ranked 72nd in general merit. He was commissioned a 2nd lieutenant in the
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On the other hand, another of Earhart's many biographers, Doris Rich, takes the same set of circumstances and concludes the opposite is true: that Vidal was "a family man, not a lover." (Rich, p.237)
4206: 4241: 4136: 2947: 2383: 4251: 4176: 4226: 882:, evolved initially into a small business producing only trays and dinghies. Vidal patented the process as "Vidal Weldwood", variously described as "cooked wood" or "molded plywood." 3841: 846:
In 1935, while pushing his concept of the $ 700 airplane, Vidal had seen the Atwood Duply Airmobile (civil registration number NC-15318), an experimental aircraft invented by
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equipment that could be manufactured from wood composites. Investments in factories to build Weldwood products under license boomed immediately. One such licensee was the
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The 13th Engineers were the school unit for the Engineer School. When not detailed to athletics, Vidal spent his entire service in the Corps of Engineers at the school.
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issued a "scathing" preliminary report in June 1936, indicting the BAC for a lack of airline safety, and while the report was biased against Vidal because he was a
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Vidal's term as director was a rocky one. In November 1933 he made public a proposal to develop a safe mass-produced light aircraft, the aviation equivalent of the
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on September 28, 1919. In May 1920 he was assigned to the 13th Engineer Regiment but took another leave of absence over the summer to attend the Olympic tryouts at
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Vidal died of complications from kidney cancer in 1969 in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 73, while on a trip around the world. His ashes were scattered at
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His expertise in aviation led him to a number of consulting positions in industry and the government. After leaving the BAC, Vidal was a technical consultant for
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Vidal became one of the pioneers in the commercial aviation industry and was an executive for three airlines during the 1920s and 1930s which developed into TWA,
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noted: "Eugene Vidal, 73, pioneer promoter of civil aviation and father of author Gore Vidal; in Los Angeles, California. Vidal starred in football at
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in general (and by inference, the BAC) ensued throughout 1936 by a special subcommittee of the Senate Commerce Committee, chaired by Senator
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reported that he sat out the 1917 season because of a "hazing episode" but was afterward named captain of the 1918 team. He also starred in
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to the Cadet who has the "Most Significant and Practical Suggestion Adopted for Future Benefit of the United States Military Academy."
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After the United States was drawn into World War II, Vidal obtained contracts to manufacture war materiel, primarily deck houses for
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At the age of 25, he was listed as 5 feet 10 inches (178 cm) in height and weighing 181 pounds (82 kg) by the
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named him an assistant football coach. At the end of the 1925 season he took a leave of absence from the academy on December 12.
429: 4041: 392: 242: 1058: 1022: 1006: 495: 464: 320: 245:) in Washington, where he organized and expanded the government's civil aeronautics program, including creation of the first 231: 1432: 670:, Vidal and the BAC came under severe criticism. The airliner had become lost in fog, missed its approach at the airport in 412:
in Virginia between December 2, 1918, and June 4, 1919, as a student officer to complete his branch officer training at the
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and backup defenseman." In 1916 Vidal scored three touchdowns and drop-kicked a 45-yard field goal in a 30–10 victory over
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to organize the first commuter airline, the New York, Philadelphia and Washington Airway Corporation, better known as the
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to her disappearance in 1937. His son, Gore Vidal's, cover testimonial to Butler's biography adds credence to the story.
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Team until November. On his return to Camp Humphreys he undertook the advanced technical course in civil engineering.
335: 2277: 616:, Vidal was named Director of Aeronautics. Soon after his appointment he appeared on the December 18, 1933, cover of 2853: 2823: 2593: 812: 740:
and Hawaii. Earhart agreed with the suggestion and made the request for its use. At the president's direction, the
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for aircraft sales. In the same year, he became an aviation consultant for the United States Plywood Corporation.
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Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York
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and was Army's leading scorer on its 1917–18 basketball team at 8.3 points a game, for which he was named an
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From September 1933 to March 1937 he was Director of the Bureau of Air Commerce (a predecessor of the
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Howell W. Miller, a designer of light aircraft doing business as the Summit Aeronautical Company of
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automobile, that would cost only $ 700, calling it the "Poor Man's Airplane" project and part of a "
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to transport them. Her first attempt to cross the Pacific ended in damage to her aircraft when it
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under the banner of the Vidal Research Corporation. The experiments with the durable waterproof
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As head of the BAC, Vidal occupied the Chair 10 position on the 15-member Main Committee of the
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but the war ended on November 11, 1918, before he could be sent overseas. Vidal was assigned to
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major considerations. Vidal suggested that landing strips be built on tiny, uninhabitable
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Vidal and McEwan played together on the 1916 Army team, McEwan as a defensive standout.
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concept for the Army. In 1967, he visited the most famous offshoot of the concept, the
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Airlines and Air Mail: The Post Office and Birth of the Commercial Aviation Industry.
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Between November 1935 and July 1936, Vidal directed the establishment of the first
656: 632: 571: 409: 381: 363: 339: 204: 199:; April 13, 1895 – February 20, 1969) was an American commercial aviation pioneer, 99: 1321:
The variant of the Vidal process used for watercraft was known as Weldwood Marine.
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on July 28. The course of instruction lasted four months and Vidal received his
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The BT-11 was to be an all-Weldwood airplane similar in size and weight to the
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To Fill the Skies with Pilots: The Civilian Pilot Training Program, 1939-1946
2023: 1816: 550:, he hired Vidal as an assistant coach for the 1926, 1927, and 1928 seasons. 432:. During the summer of 1919 he was a member of the United States team at the 3884: 3409: 3053: 3004: 1261:
racing aircraft. Starting with the New England Aircraft Corporation and the
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resulted in denunciations from members of Congress. (Hopkins, pp. 85 and 87)
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Since 1971, each year the Gene L. Vidal Memorial Award is presented at the
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Eugene Vidal, standing, third from left, with Amelia Earhart, sitting, left
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Flying the Line: The First Half Century of the Air Line Pilots Association
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Vidal was replaced on March 1, the day after his resignation, by attorney
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This failure, in which the contract was awarded to Ludington's arch-rival
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as the largest point of land along the planned route within range of both
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and its subsidies. In August 1933, all three invested $ 2,500 each in the
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After the 1936 elections, Earhart began final planning for her proposed
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Vidal was a versatile athlete in both high school and college. At the
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Flying the Beam: Navigating the Early U.S. Airmail Airways 1917-1941
1508:, Memorial page, USMA Association of Graduates. retrieved 2016-01-18 939:
from 1955 to 1965, served on the Scientific Advisory Panel of the
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of 1934), the criticism damaged Roosevelt's re-election campaign.
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through 1938, establishing his own laboratory in Bendix Borough (
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descent, and his paternal grandmother, Emma Hartmann, was Swiss.
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They divorced in 1935 and Nina subsequently married stockbroker
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While stationed at Carlstrom, Vidal also played briefly for the
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in a number of aviation-related enterprises, and was President
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Vidal resigned his commission on March 10, 1926, to go into
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Finding Amelia: The True Story of the Earhart Disappearance
2018:. Washington, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program. 2309:
1918 Helms Foundation NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans
1599:"U Alumnus Derek Miles Earns Place on U.S. Olympic Team." 179: 1817:
SP-4103 Model Research - Volume 2: Appendix B Committees
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system. Later he served as a director and part owner of
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Skylark: The Life, Lies, and Inventions of Harry Atwood
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Vol. 7 1920–1930; Vol. 8 1930–1940; Vol. 9 1940-1950 ("
1807:, Federal Aviation Administration. Retrieved 2016-01-17 1693:, Federal Aviation Administration. retrieved 2016-01-17 1150:
for a rate triple its own bid, subsequently led to the
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Olympic track and field athletes for the United States
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Athletes (track and field) at the 1924 Summer Olympics
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Athletes (track and field) at the 1920 Summer Olympics
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Live from Golgotha: The Gospel According to Gore Vidal
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Amelia Earhart: The Turbulent Life of an American icon
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Amelia Earhart: The Turbulent Life of an American Icon
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position to refuse after Vidal previously granted it.
264:, and Northeast Airlines. He was the father of author 1805:"Celebrating 75 Years of Federal Air Traffic Control" 928:
during the war but, in July 1942, suffered a massive
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in 1921, appearing in one game. When Cap McEwan left
487:(1923–1924) squads. In 1925 Army head football coach 191: 185: 176: 4272:
South Dakota Coyotes men's track and field athletes
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Training to Fly: Military Flight Training 1907-1945
1433:"York County Civil War hero grandmom of Gore Vidal" 182: 146: 90: 71: 49: 30: 2119:, Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England. 1633:, Pro-Football-reference.com. Retrieved 2016-10-16 1231:, an authority on aviation law and a professor at 452:, touring Europe afterwards with the U.S. Olympic 215:'s top civil aviation director from 1933 to 1937. 4207:Army Black Knights men's track and field athletes 2161:, Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution. 1129:Vidal stated that he also played briefly for the 1041:Vidal is in the South Dakota Sports Hall of Fame. 924:Vidal wanted to re-enter military service in the 834:the Aircraft Research Corporation to establish a 2244:Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; 1533:Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; 748:funds, an engineer from the BAC to supervise, a 4252:United States international rugby union players 2102:Who's Who in Aviation History: 500 Biographies. 728:of the world, with fuel and routing across the 4227:Players of American football from South Dakota 695:(FDR had supported Copeland's opponent in the 578:, financed and owned by brothers Nicholas and 4242:South Dakota Coyotes men's basketball players 4137:All-American college men's basketball players 3592: 2955: 2391: 2293: 8: 2000:East to the Dawn: The Life of Amelia Earhart 1280:Continental A75 4-cylinder air-cooled engine 1011:East to the Dawn: The Life of Amelia Earhart 4177:Army Black Knights men's basketball players 2090:. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press. 982:(born Eugene Louis Vidal) (1925–2012) 785:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 475:, Oklahoma, remaining until June 15, 1922. 4257:American military personnel of World War I 3599: 3585: 3577: 2962: 2948: 2940: 2398: 2384: 2376: 2300: 2286: 2278: 1746: 1744: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1386: 536:American Professional Football Association 38: 27: 2175:Lexington: University of Kentucky Press. 2034:, Annapolis: U.S. Naval Institute Press, 1668: 1666: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1405:February 28, 1969. Retrieved: 2013-03-07. 663:, on May 6, 1935, killing five including 479:collateral duties coaching the academy's 2231:, Association of Graduates memorial page 2074:Innovation and the Development of Flight 2072:Laurnius, Dr. Roger D. (editor) (1999). 1187:Innovation and the Development of Flight 1166:Innovation and the Development of Flight 704: 557: 510:Vidal participated as an athlete in the 1612: 1610: 1342: 1076: 935:Vidal acted as aviation adviser to the 459:On July 2, 1921, Vidal was detailed to 399:Military service, Olympics and football 1576: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1568: 4237:South Dakota Coyotes football players 4232:South Dakota Coyotes baseball players 2971:1924 USA Olympic track and field team 2407:1920 USA Olympic track and field team 607:in June 1933, appointed by President 226:and competed in the decathlon in the 7: 4212:Military personnel from South Dakota 4202:Basketball players from South Dakota 2187:Point to Point Navigation: A Memoir. 1993:Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1941 1905:"Vidal, Gore, 1925-. Papers: Guide." 1691:Vidal and the Bureau of Air Commerce 1456:Empire of Self: A Life of Gore Vidal 605:United States Department of Commerce 16:American commercial aviation pioneer 4157:American people of Austrian descent 2131:Fundamentals of Air Traffic Control 2104:Toronto, Ontario: Elsevier Canada. 1991:Bridgman, Leonard (editor) (1942). 967:On January 11, 1922, Vidal married 4162:American people of Romansh descent 2171:Van der Linden, F. Robert (2002). 2002:. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. 1651:Van der Linden (2002), pp. 193-194 1459:. New York: Penguin Random House. 1013:, and the possibility endorsed by 14: 4277:Washington Senators (NFL) players 4222:People from Madison, South Dakota 4147:American men's basketball players 2978:Track/road/cross country athletes 2014:Cameron, Rebecca Hancock (1999). 1995:, New York: The MacMillan Company 1974:Association of Graduates (2012). 1890:"Gore Vidal: Laughing Cassandra." 874:material, said to have a greater 625:United States Chamber of Commerce 546:to become head football coach at 253:, and as aviation adviser to the 4167:American people of Swiss descent 4142:American aviation businesspeople 2254:Olympics at Sports-Reference.com 2203:, New York: St. Martin's Press. 1602:University of South Dakota Press 1543:Olympics at Sports-Reference.com 1001:Valerie Vidal Hewitt (born 1946) 953:1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) 659:carrying 13 persons, crashed at 554:Commercial aviation professional 172: 115: 1945:Kaplan (1999). pp.627–32. 1803:Krause, Dr. Theresa L. (2011). 1293:Jane's All the World's Aircraft 878:than a comparable thickness of 858:veneer strips impregnated with 676:secondary airport at Kirksville 243:Federal Aviation Administration 133: 111: 1986:Cullum's Biographical Register 1059:United States Military Academy 1023:Transcontinental Air Transport 994:model. They had two children: 321:United States Military Academy 232:Transcontinental Air Transport 1: 4267:Oregon Ducks football coaches 4035:Goodyear Television Playhouse 3661:An Evening with Richard Nixon 3318:Field/combined event athletes 2199:Winters, Kathleen C. (2010). 2100:Longyard, William H. (1974). 1846:Mansfield (1999), pp. 185-186 1178:National Air and Space Museum 1044:Vidal was portrayed by actor 947:in 1962, which developed the 746:Works Progress Administration 228:Antwerp Olympic Games of 1920 3941:Last of the Mobile Hot Shots 2143:Pisano, Dominick A. (2001). 1819:, NASA. Retrieved 2016-01-17 1397:"Milestones: Feb. 28, 1969." 1310:Pratt & Whitney R-985-25 998:Gene Vance Vidal (born 1943) 589:Boston and Maine Corporation 295:from 1913 to 1916, he was a 19:For the French painter, see 3850:The Smithsonian Institution 2159:Amelia Earhart: A Biography 2044:Hopkins, George E. (1982). 1936:Butler (1997), pp. 294–295. 1253:"Pete" Miller assisted the 1216:Air Line Pilots Association 769:air traffic control centers 709:Vidal (right) meeting with 674:and was unable to find the 642:Public Works Administration 584:Stinson SM-6000B tri-motors 366:thrown by Army quarterback 4293: 4197:Aviators from South Dakota 4192:American aviation pioneers 2115:Mansfield, Howard (1999). 1855:Kaplan (1999), pp. 139-140 1785:Gillespie (2006), pp. 8-11 1759:Butler (1997), pp. 349-350 1620:South Dakota Hall of Fame. 842:Post-New Deal entrepreneur 813:William P. MacCracken, Jr. 742:Department of the Interior 623:and was recognized by the 580:Charles Townsend Ludington 448:, and the Summer Games in 293:University of South Dakota 276:Vidal was born in 1895 in 18: 4262:Bendix Corporation people 4152:American male decathletes 4093:Nina Auchincloss Straight 3304: 2681: 2315: 2227:January 27, 2016, at the 2189:New York: Vintage Books. 2086:Lehrer, Henry R. (2014). 2048:. Washington, D.C.:ALPA. 1955:" 'Amelia' Full credits." 1874:"Miss Nina Gore marries." 1729:Hopkins (1982), pp. 84-86 1518:"Vidal New Army Captain." 1504:January 27, 2016, at the 1312:(450 hp / ) engine. 568:Wall Street Crash of 1929 414:U.S. Army Engineer School 338:, he was described as a " 334:As a football player for 37: 4056:General Electric Theater 2414:Track/road/cross country 2273:American Heritage Center 1960:. Retrieved: 2010-01-13. 1711:Mansfield (1999), p. 166 1642:Kaplan (1999), pp. 29-30 1308:and powered by the same 1282:. It resembled both the 1135:National Football League 1088:, rising to the rank of 943:and was a member of the 911:Hughes Aircraft Division 887:Westfield, Massachusetts 752:construction crew and a 446:Travers Island, New York 203:official, inventor, and 4105:Hugh Auchincloss Steers 3695:The City and the Pillar 3646:On the March to the Sea 3623:Visit to a Small Planet 2129:Nolan, Michael (2010). 2062:, New York: Doubleday. 2060:Gore Vidal: A Biography 2030:Gillespie, Ric (2006). 1982:: USMA Digital Library. 1794:Gillespie (2006), p. 34 1257:on the design of their 1233:Northwestern University 1086:United States Air Force 971:, daughter of Democrat 778:air traffic controllers 522:, in heat eight of the 3981:The Palermo Connection 3717:Dark Green, Bright Red 3311: 2688: 2269:Eugene L. Vidal papers 1998:Butler, Susan (1997). 1927:Winters (2010), p. 146 1580:Cullum Vol. 7, p. 1374 1467:. Retrieved 2015-12-23 1435:. Retrieved 2016-01-16 955:, at its base camp in 714: 599:Department of Commerce 563: 514:and as a coach in the 393:U.S. Olympic Committee 331: 3917:Suddenly, Last Summer 3724:The Judgment of Paris 3710:A Search for the King 3703:The Season of Comfort 3310: 2687: 2133:, Delmar Publishing, 2058:Kaplan, Fred (1999). 1918:Butler (1997), p. 294 1864:Cullum Vol. 9, p. 298 1837:Vidal (2007), p. 166. 1828:Kaplan (1999), P. 113 1776:, September 14, 2009. 1720:Lehrer (2014), p. 150 1681:Butler (1997), p. 289 1672:Cullum Vol. 8, p. 402 1660:Butler (1997), p. 295 1366:"Eugene Luther Vidal" 1148:Eastern Air Transport 941:Secretary of the Army 864:thermosetting polymer 708: 665:United States Senator 609:Franklin D. Roosevelt 561: 530:Post-college football 469:Airplane Pilot rating 430:professional football 330:At West Point in 1918 329: 278:Madison, South Dakota 64:Madison, South Dakota 4028:The Best of Broadway 3504:Coaches and trainers 2903:Coaches and trainers 2695:Field/combined event 2258:Sports Reference LLC 2222:Eugene L. Vidal 1918 2185:Vidal, Gore (2007). 2157:Rich, Doris (1989). 1980:West Point, New York 1738:Pisano (2001), p. 16 1702:Pisano (2001), p. 13 1589:Kaplan (1999), p. 27 1547:Sports Reference LLC 1499:Eugene L. Vidal 1918 1476:Kaplan (1999), p. 18 1453:Parini, Jay (2015). 1444:Kaplan (1999), p. 16 809:Charles A. Lindbergh 410:Camp A. A. Humphreys 114: 1922; 21:Eugène Vincent Vidal 4247:Olympic decathletes 4087:Eugene Luther Vidal 4063:NBC Sunday Showcase 4049:NBC Matinee Theater 3968:(1987) (uncredited) 3912:(1959) (uncredited) 3893:The Left Handed Gun 2240:, February 28, 1969 1879:, January 12, 1922. 1750:Nolan (2010), p. 15 1631:Eugene Luther Vidal 1523:, January 11, 1918. 1274:The HM-5 ("HM" for 988:Hugh D. Auchincloss 937:Army Chief of Staff 915:Hughes Tool Company 866:process similar to 852:Clarence Chamberlin 805:Harry F. Guggenheim 540:Washington Senators 500:St. Louis, Missouri 496:Florida real estate 255:Army Chief of Staff 247:air traffic control 32:Eugene Luther Vidal 4172:American investors 3877:The Catered Affair 3567:(marathon trainer) 3519:(head field coach) 3513:(head track coach) 3312: 2689: 2509:Clifford C. Furnas 2264:on April 18, 2020. 1877:The New York Times 1521:The New York Times 1255:Granville Brothers 850:and test flown by 715: 711:Eddie Rickenbacker 689:Copeland Committee 668:Bronson M. Cutting 593:Northeast Airlines 564: 512:1920 Olympic Games 434:Inter-Allied Games 406:Corps of Engineers 373:The New York Times 332: 251:Northeast Airlines 213:Franklin Roosevelt 85:, California, U.S. 44:Gene Vidal in 1934 4114: 4113: 4000:The Telltale Clue 3933:Is Paris Burning? 3754:Myra Breckinridge 3574: 3573: 3561:(assistant coach) 3555:(assistant coach) 3553:Amos Alonzo Stagg 3549:(assistant coach) 3543:(assistant coach) 3537:(assistant coach) 3531:(assistant coach) 3525:(assistant coach) 3257:John Coard Taylor 3252:Arthur Studenroth 3246:William Stevenson 3021:Commodore Cochran 3010:William Churchill 2937: 2936: 2930:(associate coach) 2924:(associate coach) 2918:(associate coach) 2514:Albert Hulsebosch 2373: 2372: 2209:978-0-23061-669-1 2195:978-0-30727-501-1 2139:978-1-4354-8272-2 2110:978-0-08018-205-6 1553:on April 18, 2020 1465:978-0-385-53757-5 1429:York Daily Record 1229:Fred D. Fagg, Jr. 1090:brigadier general 1048:in the 2009 film 1005:It is alleged in 860:cellulose acetate 685:Royal S. Copeland 661:Atlanta, Missouri 614:Eleanor Roosevelt 603:Vidal joined the 489:John "Cap" McEwan 218:In his obituary, 157: 156: 126:Katharine Roberts 75:February 20, 1969 4284: 3746:Washington, D.C. 3688:In a Yellow Wood 3601: 3594: 3587: 3578: 3511:Lawson Robertson 3267:Willard Tibbetts 3169:Oliver MacDonald 3000:Charles Brookins 2964: 2957: 2950: 2941: 2922:Lawson Robertson 2814:Harry Liversedge 2774:Clarence Jaquith 2714:William Bartlett 2584:Amisoli Patasoni 2400: 2393: 2386: 2377: 2302: 2295: 2288: 2279: 2265: 2260:. 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Ames 734:Howland Island 600: 597: 576:Ludington Line 555: 552: 531: 528: 524:100 meter dash 507: 504: 400: 397: 323:in July 1916. 284:, Austria, of 273: 270: 209:Amelia Earhart 155: 154: 148: 144: 143: 141: 140: 129: 125: 124: 122: 107: 103: 98: 97: 94: 92: 88: 87: 81: 79:(aged 73) 73: 69: 68: 62: 60:April 13, 1895 51: 47: 46: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4289: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4097: 4095:(half-sister) 4094: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4084: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4071: 4070:Ford Startime 4067: 4065: 4064: 4060: 4058: 4057: 4053: 4051: 4050: 4046: 4044: 4043: 4039: 4037: 4036: 4032: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4023: 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Flynn 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2469:Charles Daggs 2467: 2465: 2464:Edward Curtis 2462: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2423:Harold Barron 2421: 2420: 2418: 2412: 2408: 2401: 2396: 2394: 2389: 2387: 2382: 2381: 2378: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2345:Joe Schwarzer 2343: 2341: 2340:J. Craig Ruby 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2330:Harold Gillen 2328: 2326: 2325:Bill Chandler 2323: 2321: 2320:Earl Anderson 2318: 2317: 2314: 2310: 2303: 2298: 2296: 2291: 2289: 2284: 2283: 2280: 2274: 2270: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2233: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2182: 2181:0-8131-2219-8 2178: 2174: 2170: 2168: 2167:0-87474-836-4 2164: 2160: 2156: 2154: 2153:1-56098-918-1 2150: 2146: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2126: 2125:0-87451-891-1 2122: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2083: 2082:0-89096-876-4 2079: 2075: 2071: 2069: 2068:0-7475-4818-8 2065: 2061: 2057: 2055: 2054:0-9609708-1-9 2051: 2047: 2043: 2041: 2040:1-59114-319-5 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2009: 2008:0-306-80887-0 2005: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1990: 1987: 1981: 1977: 1972: 1971: 1966: 1959: 1956: 1951: 1948: 1942: 1939: 1933: 1930: 1924: 1921: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1901: 1898: 1894: 1891: 1885: 1882: 1878: 1875: 1870: 1867: 1861: 1858: 1852: 1849: 1843: 1840: 1834: 1831: 1825: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1810: 1806: 1800: 1797: 1791: 1788: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1765: 1762: 1756: 1753: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1735: 1732: 1726: 1723: 1717: 1714: 1708: 1705: 1699: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1684: 1678: 1675: 1669: 1667: 1663: 1657: 1654: 1648: 1645: 1639: 1636: 1632: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1617:"Gene Vidal." 1613: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1595: 1592: 1586: 1583: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1529: 1526: 1522: 1519: 1514: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1500: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1473: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1457: 1450: 1447: 1441: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1427:Jim McClure, 1424: 1421: 1418:1974, p. 443. 1417: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1402: 1401:Time magazine 1398: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1371: 1367: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1351: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1327: 1324: 1318: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1301: 1298: 1294: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1271: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1250: 1247: 1241: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1210: 1207: 1202: 1195: 1192: 1188: 1183: 1182:Tom D. Crouch 1179: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1160: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1126: 1123: 1117: 1114: 1107: 1104: 1098: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1080: 1077: 1073: 1072: 1065: 1060: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1047: 1046:Ewan McGregor 1043: 1040: 1039: 1035: 1033: 1031: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1009:'s biography 1008: 1000: 997: 996: 995: 993: 992:Powers Agency 989: 981: 978: 977: 976: 974: 970: 963:Personal life 962: 960: 958: 957:South Vietnam 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 933: 931: 927: 922: 920: 916: 912: 907: 904:and aircraft 903: 899: 894: 892: 888: 883: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 841: 839: 837: 833: 829: 825: 820: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 781: 779: 775: 770: 765: 762: 761:ground-looped 758: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 730:Pacific Ocean 727: 724: 719: 712: 707: 703: 701: 698: 694: 690: 686: 681: 677: 673: 669: 666: 662: 658: 654: 649: 645: 643: 638: 634: 629: 626: 622: 620: 615: 610: 606: 598: 596: 594: 590: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 560: 553: 551: 549: 545: 541: 537: 529: 527: 525: 521: 517: 513: 505: 503: 501: 497: 492: 490: 486: 482: 476: 474: 470: 466: 462: 457: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 426:Olympic Games 423: 417: 415: 411: 407: 398: 396: 394: 389: 387: 383: 379: 375: 374: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 352:pass receiver 349: 345: 341: 337: 328: 324: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 289: 287: 283: 279: 271: 269: 267: 263: 258: 256: 252: 248: 244: 239: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 216: 214: 210: 206: 202: 196: 169: 165: 161: 160:Eugene Luther 153: 150:3, including 149: 145: 123: 101: 96: 95: 93: 89: 84: 74: 70: 65: 52: 48: 41: 36: 29: 26: 22: 4086: 4068: 4061: 4054: 4047: 4040: 4033: 4026: 4019: 4012: 4005: 3998: 3979: 3971: 3965:The Sicilian 3963: 3955: 3947: 3939: 3931: 3925:The Best Man 3923: 3915: 3907: 3899: 3891: 3883: 3875: 3856: 3848: 3840: 3832: 3824: 3816: 3808: 3800: 3792: 3784: 3776: 3768: 3760: 3752: 3744: 3736: 3728: 3723: 3715: 3708: 3701: 3693: 3686: 3678: 3659: 3651: 3644: 3637: 3631:The Best Man 3629: 3621: 3559:Eugene Vidal 3558: 3529:Bill Hayward 3495:Earle Wilson 3485:Fred Tootell 3470:Lee Priester 3430:Matt McGrath 3405:Robert Juday 3370:Glenn Graham 3360:Harry Frieda 3278:John Watters 3185:Bayes Norton 3152:Leo Larrivee 3146:Edward Kirby 3126:Earl Johnson 3120:Frank Hussey 3115:Harry Hinkel 3069:August Fager 3049:Mike Devaney 3033:Chan Coulter 3015:Louis Clarke 2916:Bill Hayward 2912:(head coach) 2910:Jack Moakley 2884:Eugene Vidal 2883: 2834:Matt McGrath 2824:Pat McDonald 2784:Carl Johnson 2660:Lewis Watson 2650:Walker Smith 2635:Donald Scott 2574:Joseph Organ 2554:Ted Meredith 2539:Frank Loomis 2524:Earl Johnson 2494:Robert Emery 2484:Ivan Dresser 2459:Bob Crawford 2444:Tom Campbell 2364: 2350:Eber Simpson 2262:the original 2253: 2250:"Gene Vidal" 2246:Mallon, Bill 2235: 2200: 2186: 2172: 2158: 2144: 2130: 2116: 2101: 2087: 2073: 2059: 2045: 2031: 2015: 1999: 1992: 1985: 1975: 1957: 1950: 1941: 1932: 1923: 1914: 1907: 1900: 1892: 1884: 1876: 1869: 1860: 1851: 1842: 1833: 1824: 1812: 1799: 1790: 1781: 1773: 1764: 1755: 1734: 1725: 1716: 1707: 1698: 1686: 1677: 1656: 1647: 1638: 1626: 1619: 1601: 1594: 1585: 1555:. Retrieved 1551:the original 1542: 1539:"Gene Vidal" 1535:Mallon, Bill 1528: 1520: 1513: 1472: 1454: 1449: 1440: 1428: 1423: 1410: 1399: 1373:. Retrieved 1369: 1360: 1352: 1345: 1337: 1336: 1326: 1317: 1306:Vultee BT-13 1300: 1292: 1284:Culver Cadet 1276:Hawks-Miller 1270: 1249: 1240: 1223: 1209: 1194: 1186: 1173: 1165: 1159: 1142: 1125: 1116: 1106: 1097: 1079: 1070: 1069: 1049: 1030:Fort Belvoir 1027: 1018: 1010: 1007:Susan Butler 1004: 985: 966: 934: 930:heart attack 923: 895: 884: 848:Harry Atwood 845: 832:incorporated 821: 782: 766: 720: 716: 680:radio beacon 678:because the 657:Douglas DC-2 655:Flight 6, a 650: 646: 633:Ford Model T 630: 618: 602: 572:Philadelphia 565: 533: 509: 493: 477: 458: 418: 402: 390: 382:All-American 371: 364:forward pass 340:ball carrier 333: 290: 275: 259: 240: 219: 217: 167: 163: 159: 158: 100:Nina S. Gore 77:(1969-02-20) 25: 4132:1969 deaths 4127:1895 births 4099:Burr Steers 3869:Screenplays 3762:Two Sisters 3475:Albert Rose 3450:Gene Oberst 3390:Ralph Hills 3365:Ned Gourdin 3350:Leroy Brown 3345:Jim Brooker 3293:Eric Wilson 3216:Marvin Rick 3110:George Hill 2990:Verne Booth 2879:Arthur Tuck 2854:Edwin Myers 2849:John Murphy 2779:Eldon Jenne 2739:Howard Cann 2614:Arthur Roth 2569:John Norton 2534:Carl Linder 2499:Fred Faller 2428:Max Bohland 2335:Hubert Peck 1557:October 16, 1288:Globe Swift 973:Thomas Gore 949:air assault 945:Howze Board 774:fiscal year 672:Kansas City 465:Air Service 422:intramurals 348:drop kicker 83:Los Angeles 4121:Categories 4042:Studio One 3957:Dress Gray 3608:Gore Vidal 3547:Jack Magee 3395:Bud Houser 3340:Lee Barnes 3298:Frank Zuna 3273:Ray Watson 3231:John Romig 3221:Ivan Riley 3158:Al LeConey 3141:Dan Kinsey 3094:Lloyd Hahn 2819:Jack Mahan 2754:Frank Foss 2734:Sol Butler 2704:Dan Ahearn 2665:Ray Watson 2640:Frank Shea 2564:Feg Murray 2365:Gene Vidal 1967:References 980:Gore Vidal 906:drop tanks 836:brand name 738:New Guinea 723:equatorial 697:Democratic 693:New Dealer 516:1924 Games 502:, office. 481:gymnastics 356:Notre Dame 305:basketball 272:Early life 266:Gore Vidal 224:West Point 152:Gore Vidal 56:1895-04-13 3992:Teleplays 3885:I Accuse! 3834:Hollywood 3541:Tom Keane 3410:Mort Kaer 3084:John Gray 3054:Ray Dodge 3005:Ray Buker 2474:Gus Desch 2439:Hal Brown 2024:606500804 1414:Longyard 1370:Olympedia 1338:Citations 1189:, p. 184) 1168:, p. 183) 1071:Footnotes 969:Nina Gore 828:Teterboro 750:U.S. Army 520:decathlon 297:letterman 282:Feldkirch 4107:(nephew) 4101:(nephew) 4089:(father) 4021:Suspense 3949:Caligula 3802:Creation 3680:Williwaw 3465:Gus Pope 3460:Tom Poor 3420:Tom Lieb 3205:Joie Ray 3038:Bill Cox 2869:Pat Ryan 2859:Gus Pope 2697:athletes 2599:Joie Ray 2489:Earl Eby 2416:athletes 2225:Archived 1502:Archived 1375:July 21, 1350:"Index." 1180:curator 1154:of 1934. 902:pontoons 898:PT boats 880:aluminum 868:Duramold 637:New Deal 621:magazine 506:Olympics 309:baseball 301:football 201:New Deal 147:Children 4014:Climax! 3909:Ben Hur 3818:Lincoln 3730:Messiah 3653:Weekend 3639:Romulus 2271:at the 1259:Gee Bee 1204:Europe. 1133:of the 872:plywood 713:in 1937 700:primary 566:In the 450:Antwerp 424:to the 384:by the 319:to the 286:Romansh 234:(later 205:athlete 138:​ 130:​ 120:​ 108:​ 104:​ 91:Spouses 4080:People 4007:Danger 3984:(1989) 3976:(1989) 3960:(1986) 3952:(1979) 3944:(1970) 3936:(1966) 3928:(1964) 3920:(1959) 3904:(1959) 3896:(1958) 3888:(1958) 3880:(1956) 3861:(2000) 3853:(1998) 3845:(1992) 3837:(1990) 3829:(1987) 3826:Empire 3821:(1984) 3813:(1983) 3810:Duluth 3805:(1981) 3797:(1978) 3789:(1976) 3781:(1974) 3773:(1973) 3765:(1970) 3757:(1968) 3749:(1967) 3741:(1964) 3738:Julian 3733:(1954) 3720:(1950) 3698:(1948) 3683:(1946) 3672:Novels 3664:(1972) 3656:(1968) 3634:(1960) 3626:(1957) 2207:  2193:  2179:  2165:  2151:  2137:  2123:  2108:  2094:  2080:  2066:  2052:  2038:  2022:  2006:  1463:  1051:Amelia 1036:Legacy 891:XBT-11 815:, and 757:cutter 687:. The 651:After 548:Oregon 344:punter 311:, and 66:, U.S. 3794:Kalki 3778:Myron 3615:Plays 1066:Notes 856:birch 454:Rugby 438:Paris 362:on a 313:track 168:Vidal 132:( 128: 110:( 106: 3786:1876 3770:Burr 2236:Time 2205:ISBN 2191:ISBN 2177:ISBN 2163:ISBN 2149:ISBN 2135:ISBN 2121:ISBN 2106:ISBN 2092:ISBN 2078:ISBN 2064:ISBN 2050:ISBN 2036:ISBN 2020:OCLC 2004:ISBN 1958:IMDb 1893:Time 1559:2016 1461:ISBN 1377:2021 1353:TIME 1286:and 1263:HM-1 789:NASA 754:USCG 619:Time 544:Army 428:and 360:Navy 336:Army 238:)." 220:Time 164:Gene 116:div. 72:Died 50:Born 3269:(t) 3248:(r) 3207:(t) 3171:(r) 3160:(r) 3154:(t) 3148:(t) 3122:(r) 3101:(r) 3040:(t) 3029:(t) 3023:(r) 3017:(r) 2621:(t) 2435:(r) 1017:in 913:of 653:TWA 538:'s 436:at 299:in 257:." 236:TWA 4123:: 2256:. 2252:. 1988:") 1978:. 1772:, 1743:^ 1665:^ 1609:^ 1567:^ 1545:. 1541:. 1481:^ 1431:, 1385:^ 1368:. 959:. 921:. 900:, 819:. 811:, 807:, 803:, 799:, 795:, 780:. 595:. 416:. 395:. 388:. 350:, 346:, 342:, 307:, 303:, 268:. 189:ɑː 166:" 134:m. 112:m. 3600:e 3593:t 3586:v 2963:e 2956:t 2949:v 2399:e 2392:t 2385:v 2301:e 2294:t 2287:v 2112:. 2026:. 2010:. 1888:" 1561:. 1403:, 1379:. 1185:( 1092:. 1054:. 195:/ 192:l 186:d 183:ˈ 180:ɪ 177:v 174:/ 170:( 162:" 58:) 54:( 23:.

Index

Eugène Vincent Vidal

Madison, South Dakota
Los Angeles
Nina S. Gore
Gore Vidal
/vɪˈdɑːl/
New Deal
athlete
Amelia Earhart
Franklin Roosevelt
West Point
Antwerp Olympic Games of 1920
Transcontinental Air Transport
TWA
Federal Aviation Administration
air traffic control
Northeast Airlines
Army Chief of Staff
Eastern Airlines
Gore Vidal
Madison, South Dakota
Feldkirch
Romansh
University of South Dakota
letterman
football
basketball
baseball
track

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