140:, United States, designed to encourage pedestrian access to shopping and entertainment areas. Dedicated on February 13, 1971, the mall opened amid three days of fanfare and dreams of a revitalized downtown. Conflict over the scope and use of the mall began immediately and continued for 30 years until the last remaining parts of the mall were opened to automobile traffic. At that time, a former Eugene mayor commented that the city's dreams for a bright future just hadn't worked. Many residents, however, shared the much-earlier view of a former downtown merchant, that Eugene had sustained more damage from the mall than it would have from a natural disaster.
149:
296:
on the main plaza fountain, and waded in fountain pools. The council tabled an ordinance requiring parental consent before purchase of toxic glue, although community leaders expressed concern about the dangers of glue sniffing. The presence of a transient, non-customer population on the mall would be a frequent challenge for merchants.
348:
Since its beginning, the mall had been blamed for the flight of business from downtown. The mall had not been able to attract housing for urban professionals and had not offered a sustainable nightlife, yet it had always been home to transients and panhandlers. Community leaders could not develop the
325:
Economic conditions in the 1970s had not favored downtown retailers, but urban renewal efforts and tax incentives had benefited the builders of professional and government offices on streets adjacent to the mall. Oak Street, for example, had become the new Main Street. One developer envisioned Eugene
295:
At the June 16, 1971, Eugene City
Council meeting, the council adopted an ordinance enforcing seven pages of rules prohibiting some behaviors at the mall. The mall had been open only four months, but in that time it had become a place for young people to "hang out." They lounged on the lawns, climbed
205:
with a project known as the East Campus Urban
Renewal. The project demolished historic homes east of the university and constructed large residence complexes surrounded by a landscaped campus that opened in 1965. Some reasoned that if a mall environment could work on a college campus, it would surely
307:
The mall burdened existing city infrastructure, and in 1972 the city began a street-widening project around the mall's perimeter. The extra traffic lanes were necessary to absorb cars which had been diverted from streets within the mall area. Street lighting was inadequate, and in that year the city
262:
would be in effect on August 15, 1971. But most troublesome to urban retail centers, corporate retailers were no longer investing in large, stand-alone department stores. Increasingly, corporate emphasis was on vacating downtown areas and moving to suburban shopping centers. Tax incentives allowing
181:
planning director predicted that by 1980, residents of Eugene would live in an age of push-button automation where hands-free cars would speed them into the city core, and they could park in multi-story structures and be whisked on moving sidewalks to an extensive, plastic-covered shoppers' mall.
266:
Social activism had existed in Eugene prior to the mall's opening, and it had both a loyal following and an infrastructure. When Eugene acquired a large, landscaped, outdoor public-use venue with convenient public transportation, it seemed in fulfillment of deeply held social needs that were not
238:
The mall's north–south axis extended on
Willamette Street from roughly Eighth Avenue to Eleventh Avenue, with automobile traffic crossing the mall at Tenth Avenue. City bus traffic parked along Tenth Avenue, creating a downtown transfer station. Broadway, a street named in lieu of Ninth Avenue,
316:
Parking fees had been listed as a major deterrent to downtown shopping on the Eugene Mall. In 1973 the city created a free parking zone around the mall that included 2200 spaces with no time limits. Effects on retail sales from the free parking zone may have been marginal, and the plan further
303:
Almost from the beginning, city leaders had tried to regulate public use of the mall with permits and fees required for organized activities. At times, the regulations escalated tensions between city government and citizens trying to enjoy the mall, although the city was not able to devise an
189:
proposed closing
Willamette Street to cars in order to create a landscaped pedestrian oasis in the center of town, and he suggested parking along the perimeter. As part of the Eugene Centennial Celebration in 1959, a section of Broadway from Oak Street to Charnelton Street was closed to motor
168:
As climate-controlled, suburban shopping centers became common in the 1960s, communities began to explore ways of drawing retail and entertainment business back into downtown areas. An experimental method of encouraging business was a downtown mall. One researcher found that approximately 200
164:
projects empowered communities to demolish historic downtown areas and build new, modern structures. With dramatic increases in automobile purchases accompanied by a post-WWII decline in public transportation, many communities accepted urban renewal financing to demolish buildings and install
334:
In 1984, the city council voted to demolish a portion of the mall on
Willamette Street from Tenth Avenue to Eleventh Avenue and return the street to automobile traffic for the first time in 15 years. Business owners celebrated and hailed a new beginning for downtown Eugene.
356:
fled downtown and opened in a new building only blocks away. In 2012, the downtown urgent care clinic and medical office building closed and was demolished. Student housing opened on that site in 2013. Also in 2012, the Eugene Police
Department moved out of downtown when
344:
By 2001, a three-block section of
Broadway was all that remained of the Eugene Mall, and voters were asked to remove it. In a special election September 18, 2001, Eugene residents approved by 67 percent a plan to reopen the final section of the mall to motor traffic.
242:
The mall included five restrooms, two playground areas, and three water features. Largest of the water features was a cement fountain and water pools at the intersection of
Willamette and Broadway. Seating areas were stationed at various locations on the mall.
299:
Some older merchants operating downtown were displaced by the mall. In referring to what he called "the problem of older people," the chairman of the Eugene
Renewal Agency expressed sadness that the elderly would like to have "hung on" but couldn't.
349:
mall. Potential customers did not enjoy the mall and rarely had reason to go there. But the explanations about the failure of the Eugene Mall were not sufficient to address why some businesses and government offices could not survive downtown.
221:
Eugene inventoried its downtown holdings and found four major department stores, 170 to 200 retail outlets, and an estimated 500 firms including banks and professional offices. Most of the 3000 public parking spaces were metered.
515:
218:(VRC) opened in 1969. The new shopping center was a modern, climate controlled environment with anchor stores and upscale retail and food outlets. And the VRC offered 4000 free parking spaces.
246:
Later, approximately three more blocks were included in the mall, expanding along Olive Street from Eighth Avenue to Tenth Avenue. Covered walkways were placed in alleys within the mall area.
230:
Civic leaders determined that the time for a downtown mall had arrived, and construction began May 2, 1970, almost exactly nine months after the opening of Valley River Center.
1369:
922:
895:
841:
814:
788:
761:
735:
630:
603:
548:
417:
390:
683:
657:
524:
501:
In Eugene, for example, out of 186 buildings targeted by urban renewal officials before 1975, 115 were demolished, 53 were "rehabilitated," and only 18 were left untouched.
476:
444:
1064:
868:
338:
As early as 1983, civic leaders had discussed confining the mall to a three-block, climate controlled area, but in 1985 plans for the indoor downtown mall were rejected.
975:
1359:
287:
to play a benefit concert for the creamery in 1972, the Eugene Mall seemed like a good waiting room for the next concert. That concert did not occur until 1982.
949:
152:
Eugene Mall construction in 1970. The view is from 10th Avenue looking north down
Willamette Street. Image courtesy of the Lane County Historical Museum
1374:
157:
353:
1354:
1057:
271:
gathered on the mall. The mall was an ongoing location for counter-cultural activity. Retail customers experienced unhappiness at the widening
317:
limited city revenue. Bates found that concerns over parking at pedestrian malls are much more important in the United States than in Europe.
718:
1364:
202:
1349:
1050:
586:
47:
98:
Public space: Eugene Public Works; Eugene Downtown Association; Eugene Downtown Commission; Privately owned retail and office space
1073:
169:
pedestrian malls were constructed in the United States by the close of the 20th century, although only 15 remained in 2013.
1307:
979:
186:
40:
1180:
1224:
1185:
1152:
1085:
1328:
1195:
185:
But the idea of the Eugene Mall had been considered by civic leaders prior to the 1960s. In 1945, for example,
263:
accelerated depreciation favored construction of enclosed, suburban malls over freestanding retail outlets.
193:
By 1968 the city council was discussing a federally funded urban renewal project to build the Eugene Mall.
1279:
1256:
1114:
1284:
1203:
370:
341:
Voters reopened Olive Street to motorized traffic in 1992, and in 1995 Willamette Street was reopened.
1219:
1119:
1261:
284:
215:
178:
1302:
1144:
714:
582:
1162:
1157:
1096:
358:
326:
as the headquarters of financial institutions, and his view of retail was, "good riddance."
1294:
1104:
254:
The Eugene Mall opened at a time of economic uncertainty and limited consumer confidence.
148:
133:
160:
created a gradual exodus from city core areas in the United States, and federally funded
923:"Will reopening Willamette Street work? A revitalized Olive Street is proof that it can"
308:
installed 19 bright lights 60-feet high in order to double the first-year light levels.
1238:
1172:
1109:
272:
259:
137:
32:
1343:
1323:
1271:
1251:
1134:
280:
161:
1002:
1124:
445:"On the block: The fate of Eugene's pedestrian mall is in the hands of city voters"
201:
Community leaders in 1961 had responded to demands for more student housing at the
713:(Third ed.). Eugene, Oregon: Lane County Historical Museum. pp. 67–77.
268:
1025:
62:
49:
276:
255:
1042:
1129:
523:, Eugene, Oregon: University of Oregon, pp. Abstract, archived from
581:(First ed.). Eugene, Oregon: City Club of Eugene. pp. 89–96.
352:
After the mall's removal, exodus from downtown continued. In 2006, the
239:
formed the mall's east–west axis from Charnelton Street to Oak Street.
1077:
711:
Tie Dye and Tofu: How Mainstream Eugene Became a Counterculture Haven
147:
275:. When Springfield Creamery owner Chuck Kesey, brother of author
821:. Eugene, Oregon: Guard Publishing. March 28, 1972. pp. 15C
214:
Discussions about the need for a downtown mall intensified when
1046:
768:. Eugene, Oregon: Guard Publishing. July 11, 1971. pp. 1A
978:. PeaceHealth Medical Group. January 10, 2012. Archived from
690:. Eugene, Oregon: Guard Publishing. May 2, 1970. pp. 4A
631:"Dedication marks end of chapter that started long ago"
267:
dependent upon retail sales. People angry about the
1316:
1293:
1270:
1237:
1212:
1194:
1171:
1143:
1095:
1084:
118:
110:
102:
94:
86:
78:
39:
28:
483:. Eugene, Oregon: Guard Publishing. pp. II 19
815:"Downtown parking: No-time-limit plan on ballot"
795:. Eugene, Oregon: Guard Publishing. pp. 15C
709:Bishop, Sandra; Nelson, Vickie (December 2011).
664:. Eugene, Oregon: Guard Publishing. pp. 22H
610:. Eugene, Oregon: Guard Publishing. pp. 14A
956:. Eugene, Oregon: Guard Publishing. pp. 1A
929:. Eugene, Oregon: Guard Publishing. pp. 1C
902:. Eugene, Oregon: Guard Publishing. pp. 1A
875:. Eugene, Oregon: Guard Publishing. pp. 1A
848:. Eugene, Oregon: Guard Publishing. pp. 3E
742:. Eugene, Oregon: Guard Publishing. pp. 1A
637:. Eugene, Oregon: Guard Publishing. pp. 4B
555:. Eugene, Oregon: Guard Publishing. pp. D1
451:. Eugene, Oregon: Guard Publishing. pp. 1A
424:. Eugene, Oregon: Guard Publishing. pp. 2B
397:. Eugene, Oregon: Guard Publishing. pp. 1A
1058:
1026:"Eugene police station move planned for 2012"
950:"Voters OK reopening, nix change in election"
114:Mitchell, McArthur, Garner, O'Kane Associates
8:
577:Holt, Cathleen; Brooks, Cheri, eds. (2000).
517:Masters Thesis: Making Pedestrian Malls Work
19:
1370:Defunct shopping malls in the United States
1092:
1065:
1051:
1043:
18:
762:"Ban on mall dances heads for court test"
684:"How traffic will circle downtown Eugene"
477:"Urban renewal: a step toward the future"
391:"Showpiece Mall to be dedicated tomorrow"
190:traffic, and pedestrians were delighted.
304:effective method of resolving tensions.
206:work in the downtown business district.
122:Initially metered, then 2200 free spaces
509:
507:
470:
468:
466:
381:
896:"Plan for new downtown mall discarded"
602:Wasmann, William (December 22, 1968).
572:
570:
418:"3-day salute to Mall starts Saturday"
173:An Early prediction of the Eugene Mall
16:Shopping mall in Oregon, United States
1360:Pedestrian malls in the United States
549:"1980 Eugene: What a Wonderful Town!"
258:briefly had risen above six percent.
7:
1024:Harrington, Elissa (June 25, 2010).
158:Post–World War II economic expansion
948:Maben, Scott (September 19, 2001).
658:"What's the Future For the Others?"
894:Barker, George (August 28, 1985).
867:Matassa, Mark (November 1, 1984).
789:"EWEB cost for mall job $ 295,000"
443:Maben, Scott (September 4, 2001).
226:Groundbreaking for the Eugene Mall
14:
921:Prichard, Hugh (April 30, 1995).
869:"City votes to reopen mall block"
787:Burdick, Ginny (March 28, 1972).
604:"Eugene UR Project No Boondoggle"
1375:2001 disestablishments in Oregon
629:Kenyon, Ed (February 12, 1971).
416:Kenyon, Ed (February 12, 1971).
389:Kenyon, Ed (February 12, 1971).
197:University of Oregon east campus
656:Newcomb, Bob (August 3, 1969).
547:Newcomb, Bob (March 31, 1963).
475:Floyd, Don (October 12, 1975).
1001:Pittman, Alan (May 14, 2009).
842:"What's future for retailers?"
736:"City adopts tough mall rules"
1:
1355:1971 establishments in Oregon
1308:The Village at Medford Center
840:Wyant, Dan (June 15, 1975).
734:Kenyon, Ed (June 16, 1971).
106:Public space: Eugene, Oregon
976:"The end of an era at PHMG"
250:Economic and social climate
165:much-needed parking areas.
1391:
1225:Progress Ridge Town Square
1153:The Streets of Tanasbourne
1365:Culture of Eugene, Oregon
24:
1350:Shopping malls in Oregon
1329:Woodburn Premium Outlets
285:Oregon Renaissance Faire
63:44.048817°N 123.092753°W
260:Wage and price controls
234:Geography and amenities
1280:Willamette Town Center
1115:Fubonn Shopping Center
330:End of the Eugene Mall
321:Shift away from retail
291:Immediate difficulties
153:
68:44.048817; -123.092753
1204:Clackamas Town Center
954:Eugene Register Guard
927:Eugene Register Guard
900:Eugene Register Guard
873:Eugene Register Guard
846:Eugene Register Guard
819:Eugene Register Guard
793:Eugene Register Guard
766:Eugene Register Guard
740:Eugene Register Guard
688:Eugene Register Guard
662:Eugene Register Guard
635:Eugene Register Guard
608:Eugene Register Guard
553:Eugene Register Guard
481:Eugene Register Guard
449:Eugene Register Guard
422:Eugene Register Guard
395:Eugene Register Guard
371:Portland Transit Mall
151:
1220:Cedar Hills Crossing
1120:Jantzen Beach Center
203:University of Oregon
1262:Valley River Center
982:on November 3, 2013
514:Bates, Kai (2013),
216:Valley River Center
210:Valley River Center
59: /
21:
1257:Shoppes at Gateway
1181:Bridgeport Village
1003:"Fleeing Downtown"
354:federal courthouse
154:
90:September 18, 2001
1337:
1336:
1303:Rogue Valley Mall
1233:
1232:
1186:Washington Square
720:978-0-9648434-6-2
126:
125:
82:February 13, 1971
1382:
1163:Sunset Esplanade
1158:Shute Park Plaza
1093:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
998:
992:
991:
989:
987:
972:
966:
965:
963:
961:
945:
939:
938:
936:
934:
918:
912:
911:
909:
907:
891:
885:
884:
882:
880:
864:
858:
857:
855:
853:
837:
831:
830:
828:
826:
811:
805:
804:
802:
800:
784:
778:
777:
775:
773:
758:
752:
751:
749:
747:
731:
725:
724:
706:
700:
699:
697:
695:
680:
674:
673:
671:
669:
653:
647:
646:
644:
642:
626:
620:
619:
617:
615:
599:
593:
592:
579:Eugene 1945-2000
574:
565:
564:
562:
560:
544:
538:
537:
536:
535:
529:
522:
511:
502:
499:
493:
492:
490:
488:
472:
461:
460:
458:
456:
440:
434:
433:
431:
429:
413:
407:
406:
404:
402:
386:
136:in the heart of
74:
73:
71:
70:
69:
64:
60:
57:
56:
55:
52:
22:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1312:
1289:
1266:
1229:
1208:
1190:
1167:
1139:
1105:Cascade Station
1087:
1080:
1071:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1008:
1006:
1005:. Eugene Weekly
1000:
999:
995:
985:
983:
974:
973:
969:
959:
957:
947:
946:
942:
932:
930:
920:
919:
915:
905:
903:
893:
892:
888:
878:
876:
866:
865:
861:
851:
849:
839:
838:
834:
824:
822:
813:
812:
808:
798:
796:
786:
785:
781:
771:
769:
760:
759:
755:
745:
743:
733:
732:
728:
721:
708:
707:
703:
693:
691:
682:
681:
677:
667:
665:
655:
654:
650:
640:
638:
628:
627:
623:
613:
611:
601:
600:
596:
589:
576:
575:
568:
558:
556:
546:
545:
541:
533:
531:
527:
520:
513:
512:
505:
500:
496:
486:
484:
474:
473:
464:
454:
452:
442:
441:
437:
427:
425:
415:
414:
410:
400:
398:
388:
387:
383:
379:
367:
361:was abandoned.
332:
323:
314:
293:
252:
236:
228:
212:
199:
175:
146:
67:
65:
61:
58:
53:
50:
48:
46:
45:
35:, United States
17:
12:
11:
5:
1388:
1386:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1110:Eastport Plaza
1107:
1101:
1099:
1090:
1082:
1081:
1074:Shopping malls
1072:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1047:
1040:
1039:
1016:
993:
967:
940:
913:
886:
859:
832:
806:
779:
753:
726:
719:
701:
675:
648:
621:
594:
587:
566:
539:
503:
494:
462:
435:
408:
380:
378:
375:
374:
373:
366:
363:
331:
328:
322:
319:
313:
310:
292:
289:
279:, brought the
273:generation gap
251:
248:
235:
232:
227:
224:
211:
208:
198:
195:
174:
171:
145:
142:
138:Eugene, Oregon
124:
123:
120:
116:
115:
112:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
43:
37:
36:
33:Eugene, Oregon
30:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1387:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1324:Heritage Mall
1322:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:Oakway Center
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1135:Pioneer Place
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1027:
1020:
1017:
1004:
997:
994:
981:
977:
971:
968:
955:
951:
944:
941:
928:
924:
917:
914:
901:
897:
890:
887:
874:
870:
863:
860:
847:
843:
836:
833:
820:
816:
810:
807:
794:
790:
783:
780:
767:
763:
757:
754:
741:
737:
730:
727:
722:
716:
712:
705:
702:
689:
685:
679:
676:
663:
659:
652:
649:
636:
632:
625:
622:
609:
605:
598:
595:
590:
588:0-7388-4581-7
584:
580:
573:
571:
567:
554:
550:
543:
540:
530:on 2013-11-02
526:
519:
518:
510:
508:
504:
498:
495:
482:
478:
471:
469:
467:
463:
450:
446:
439:
436:
423:
419:
412:
409:
396:
392:
385:
382:
376:
372:
369:
368:
364:
362:
360:
355:
350:
346:
342:
339:
336:
329:
327:
320:
318:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
290:
288:
286:
282:
281:Grateful Dead
278:
274:
270:
264:
261:
257:
249:
247:
244:
240:
233:
231:
225:
223:
219:
217:
209:
207:
204:
196:
194:
191:
188:
187:Fred Cuthbert
183:
180:
172:
170:
166:
163:
162:urban renewal
159:
150:
143:
141:
139:
135:
134:car-free zone
131:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
44:
42:
38:
34:
31:
27:
23:
1285:Salem Center
1246:
1125:Lloyd Center
1030:. Retrieved
1019:
1007:. Retrieved
996:
984:. Retrieved
980:the original
970:
958:. Retrieved
953:
943:
931:. Retrieved
926:
916:
904:. Retrieved
899:
889:
877:. Retrieved
872:
862:
850:. Retrieved
845:
835:
823:. Retrieved
818:
809:
797:. Retrieved
792:
782:
770:. Retrieved
765:
756:
744:. Retrieved
739:
729:
710:
704:
692:. Retrieved
687:
678:
666:. Retrieved
661:
651:
639:. Retrieved
634:
624:
612:. Retrieved
607:
597:
578:
557:. Retrieved
552:
542:
532:, retrieved
525:the original
516:
497:
485:. Retrieved
480:
453:. Retrieved
448:
438:
426:. Retrieved
421:
411:
399:. Retrieved
394:
384:
351:
347:
343:
340:
337:
333:
324:
315:
306:
302:
298:
294:
265:
253:
245:
241:
237:
229:
220:
213:
200:
192:
184:
176:
167:
155:
129:
127:
87:Closing date
79:Opening date
1247:Eugene Mall
1032:October 31,
1028:. KVAL News
1009:October 31,
986:October 31,
960:October 30,
933:October 30,
906:October 30,
879:October 30,
852:October 30,
825:October 30,
799:October 30,
772:October 30,
746:October 30,
694:October 30,
668:October 30,
641:October 30,
614:October 30,
559:October 30,
487:October 30,
455:October 30,
428:October 30,
401:October 30,
269:Vietnam War
179:Lane County
177:In 1963, a
130:Eugene Mall
66: /
54:123°05′34″W
41:Coordinates
20:Eugene Mall
1344:Categories
534:2013-11-01
377:References
95:Management
51:44°02′56″N
1317:Elsewhere
1213:Elsewhere
1196:Clackamas
1145:Hillsboro
359:City Hall
277:Ken Kesey
256:Inflation
111:Architect
1130:Mall 205
1097:Portland
1088:Portland
365:See also
29:Location
1295:Medford
1086:Greater
312:Parking
283:to the
144:History
119:Parking
1239:Eugene
1173:Tigard
1078:Oregon
717:
585:
132:was a
1272:Salem
528:(PDF)
521:(PDF)
103:Owner
1034:2013
1011:2013
988:2013
962:2013
935:2013
908:2013
881:2013
854:2013
827:2013
801:2013
774:2013
748:2013
715:ISBN
696:2013
670:2013
643:2013
616:2013
583:ISBN
561:2013
489:2013
457:2013
430:2013
403:2013
156:The
128:The
1076:in
1346::
952:.
925:.
898:.
871:.
844:.
817:.
791:.
764:.
738:.
686:.
660:.
633:.
606:.
569:^
551:.
506:^
479:.
465:^
447:.
420:.
393:.
1066:e
1059:t
1052:v
1036:.
1013:.
990:.
964:.
937:.
910:.
883:.
856:.
829:.
803:.
776:.
750:.
723:.
698:.
672:.
645:.
618:.
591:.
563:.
491:.
459:.
432:.
405:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
