167:
listened to music before bedtime, compared to those who used cell phones, video games and the
Internet. The study looked at Baby Boomers, Generation Xers, Generation Yers, and Generation Zers. The research, as expected, showed generational gaps between the different forms of technology used. The largest gap was shown between texting and talking on the phone; 56% of Gen Zers and 42% of Gen Yers admitted to sending, receiving, and reading text messages every night within one hour before bedtime, compared to only 15% of Gen Xers, and 5% of Baby Boomers. Baby Boomers were more likely to watch TV within the last hour before bedtime, 67%, compared to Millennials, who came in at 49%. When asked about computer/internet use within the last hour before bedtime, 70% of those polled admitted to using a computer "a few times a week", and of those, 55% of the Gen Zers said they "surf the web" every night before bed.
139:. Among "texters" a form of slang or texting lingo has developed, often keeping those not as tech-savvy out of the loop. "Children increasingly rely on personal technological devices like cell phones to define themselves and create social circles apart from their families, changing the way they communicate with their parents. Cell phones, instant messaging, e-mail, and the like have encouraged younger users to create their own inventive, quirky, and very private written language. That has given them the opportunity to essentially hide in plain sight. They are more connected than ever, but also far more independent. Text messaging, in particular, has perhaps become this generation's version of
222:, millennials watched first-hand as their parents worked long hours, only to fall victim to downsizing and layoffs. Many families could not withstand these challenges, leading to high divorce rates and broken families. In fact, 59% of Millennials say the Great Recession negatively impacted their career plans, while only 35% of mature workers feel the same way. For these reasons, millennials are more likely to negotiate the terms of their work. Though some boomers view this as lazy behavior, others have actually been able to learn from millennials, reflecting on whether the sacrifices that they had made in their lives provided them with the happiness that they had hoped for.
182:
situations by bilinguals who have had no special training". In some immigrant families, the first generation speaks mainly their native tongue; the second generation speaks mainly the host language (i.e. that of the country in which they now live) while still retaining fluency in their parent's dominant language; and the third generation mainly uses the host language, and retain little or no conversational skills in their grandparents' native tongue. In such families, the second generation family members serve as interpreters not only to outside persons, but within the household, further propelling generational differences and divisions by means of linguistic communication.
266:, The Netherlands, developed a program wherein students from a local university are provided small, rent-free apartments within the nursing home facility. In exchange, the students volunteer a minimum of 30 hours per month to spend time with the seniors. The students will watch sports with the seniors, celebrate birthdays, and simply keep them company during illnesses and times of distress. Programs similar to the Netherlands’ program were developed as far back as the mid-1990s in
122:
it can be determined that generational gaps provide a large influence over the continual change and adaptation of slang. As slang is often regarded as an ephemeral dialect, a constant supply of new words is required to meet the demands of the rapid change in characteristics. And while most slang terms maintain a fairly brief duration of popularity, slang provides a quick and readily available vernacular screen to establish and maintain generational gaps in a societal context.
68:) seemed to go against everything their parents had previously believed in terms of music, values, government and political views as well as cultural tastes. Sociologists now refer to the "generation gap" as "institutional age segregation". Usually, when any of these age groups are engaged in its primary activity, the individual members are physically isolated from people of other generations, with little interaction across age barriers except at the
254:
economic, or political changes can bring awareness to these shared interests and values for similarly-aged people who experience these events together and thereby form a generational consciousness. These types of experiences can impact individuals' development at a young age and enable them to begin making their own interpretations of the world based on personal encounters that set them apart from other generations.
113:
in schools. As new generations seek to define themselves as something apart from the old, they adopt new lingo and slang, allowing a generation to create a sense of division from the previous one. This is a visible gap between generations we see every day. "Man's most important symbol is his language and through this language, he defines his reality."
229:, in which they were skilled at performing well. Millennials developed a strong need for frequent, positive feedback from supervisors. Today, managers find themselves assessing their subordinates’ productivity quite frequently, despite the fact that they often find it burdensome. Additionally, millennials’ salaries and
262:"Both social isolation and loneliness in older men and women are associated with increased mortality, according to a 2012 Report by the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America". Intergenerational living is one method being used worldwide as a means of combating such feelings. A nursing home in
297:
There is a large demographic difference between the Baby Boomer generation and earlier generations, which are less racially and ethnically diverse than the Baby
Boomers. This also results in a growing cultural gap: baby boomers have generally higher education, with a higher percentage of women in the
47:
While the term "generation gap" might have been crystallized in the 1960s, its essence extends far beyond this label. Throughout history, each generation has carved its identity, distilling the essence of its time into distinctive expressions of culture, art, and innovation. John Poppy's introduction
294:. Today, as of 2017, many of these Baby Boomers have celebrated their 60th birthdays, and so in the next few years, America's senior citizen population will also increase. The generation gap, however, between the Baby Boomers and earlier generations is growing due to the Boomers population post-war.
240:
Perhaps the most commonly cited difference between older and younger generations is technological proficiency. Studies have shown that their reliance on technology has made millennials less comfortable with face-to-face interaction and deciphering verbal cues. However, technological proficiency also
162:
The transitions from each level of lifespan development have remained the same throughout history. They have all shared the same basic milestones in their travel from childhood, through midlife and into retirement. However, while the pathways remain the same—i.e. attending school, marriage, raising
121:
Slang is an ever-changing set of colloquial words and phrases that speakers use to establish or reinforce social identity or cohesiveness within a group or with a trend in society at large. As each successive generation of society struggles to establish its own unique identity among its predecessors
112:
It can be distinguished by the differences in their language use. The generation gap has created a parallel gap in language that can be difficult to communicate across. This issue is one visible throughout society, creating complications within day-to-day communication at home, in the workplace, and
214:
can potentially complicate professional interactions. Some consider
Millennials to be narcissistic and self-centered. When millennials first enter a new organization, they are often greeted by wary coworkers. Studies have found that millennials are usually exceptionally confident in their abilities
52:
in 1967, merely affixed a name to a phenomenon that had long been an undercurrent of societal evolution, marking a turning point where the clash of old and new became undeniable. Indeed, Protzko and
Schooler report that since 624 BC people have complained about the decline of the present generation
286:
To help sociologists understand the transition into adulthood of children of different generations, they compare the current generation to both older and earlier generations at the same time. Not only does each generation mature mentally and physically in their own ways, but they also create new
206:
reported that younger generations are "entering the workplace in the face of demographic change and an increasingly multi-generational workplace". Multiple engagement studies show that the interests shared across the generation gap by members of this increasingly multi-generational workplace can
181:
Another aspect of language use which works to define a generation gap occurs within families in which different generations speak different primary languages. To help communicate within a family, "language brokerage" may be used: that is, the "interpretation and translation performed in everyday
166:
In 2011, the
National Sleep Foundation conducted a poll that focused on sleep and the use of technology; 95% of those polled admitted to using some form of technology within the last hour before going to bed at night. The study compared the difference in sleep patterns in those who watched TV or
158:
often used in the 20th century to take notes and write faster using abbreviated symbols, rather than having to write each word. However, with new technology and the keyboard, newer generations no longer favour these older communication skills. Over 20 years ago, shorthand was taught in many high
130:
Every generation develops new slang, but with the development of technology, understanding gaps have widened between the older and younger generations. "The term 'communication skills,' for example, might mean formal writing and speaking abilities to an older worker. But it might mean e-mail and
253:
Generational consciousness is another way of distinguishing among generations that were worked on by social scientist Karl
Mannheim. Generational consciousness is when a group of people become mindful of their place in a distinct group identifiable by their shared interests and values. Social,
244:
However, according to the engagement studies, mature workers and the new generations of workers share similar thoughts on a number of topics across the generation gap. Their opinions overlap on flexible working hours/arrangements, promotions/bonuses, the importance of computer proficiency, and
236:
Because group projects and presentations were commonplace during the schooling of millennials, this generation enjoys collaborating and even developing close friendships with colleagues. While working as part of a team enhances innovation, enhances productivity, and lowers personnel costs.
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aspects of attending school, forming new households, starting families and even creating new demographics. The difference in demographics regarding values, attitudes, and behaviors between the two generations are used to create a profile for the emerging generation of young adults.
38:
and another. These differences may relate to beliefs, politics, language, work, demographics and values. The differences between generations can cause misunderstandings, but it is possible for generations to overcome their differences and maintain functional relationships.
60:
noted differences across generations in how the youth transits into adulthood, and studied the ways in which generations separate themselves from one another, in the home and in social situations and areas (such as churches, clubs, senior centers, and youth centers).
270:. In Spain's program, students were placed in seniors’ homes, with a similar goal of free or cheap housing in exchange for companionship for the elderly. That program quickly spread to 27 other cities throughout Spain, and similar programs can be found in
870:
237:
Supervisors find that millennials avoid risk and independent responsibility by relying on team members when making decisions, which prevents them from showcasing their own abilities.
708:
Del Torto, L.M. (2008). "Once a broker, always a broker: Non-professional interpreting as identity accomplishment in multigenerational
Italian-English bilingual family interaction".
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has become very important to form linkages between new immigrant communities and the predominant culture and new forms of bureaucratic systems. It also helps child development by
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225:
Growing up, millennials looked to parents, teachers, and coaches as a source of praise and support. They were part of an educational system with inflated grades and
878:
657:, eds. On the Frontier of Adulthood: Theory, Research, and Public Policy. Chicago, IL, USA: University of Chicago Press, 2005. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 30 March 2015.
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give this generation an idea of how well they are performing. Millennials crave success, and good-paying jobs have been proven to make them feel more successful.
298:
labor force and more often occupying professional and managerial positions. These differences create issues of community preferences as well as spending.
290:
After the economic boom after the Second World War, America's population rose between the years 1940–1959, and the new
American generation was called the
131:
instant-messenger savvy to a twenty-something." People often have private conversations in secret in a crowded room in today's age due to the advances of
241:
has benefits; millennials are far more effective in multitasking, responding to visual stimulation, and filtering information than older generations.
185:
In some immigrant families and communities, language brokering is also used to integrate children into family endeavors and into civil society.
998:
Frey, William H. Baby
Boomers and the New Demographics of America's Seniors. San Francisco: American Society on Aging, 2010. PDF. 1 April 2015
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leadership. Additionally, the majority of
Millennials and mature workers enjoy going to work every day and feel inspired to do their best.
1084:""Kids these days": Why youth-directed ageism is an issue for everyone | Institute for Public Health | Washington University in St. Louis"
670:
569:
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Tse, Lucy (1996). "Language brokering in linguistic minority communities: The case of Chinese- and Vietnamese-American students".
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The sociological theory of a generation gap first came to light in the 1960s, when the younger generation (later known as
820:"Millennials in the Workplace: A Communication Perspective on Millennials' Organizational Relationships and Performance"
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There are several ways to make distinctions between generations. For example, names are given to major groups (
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Technological innovations that have occurred between generations have made some skills obsolete: for example,
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986:
International Association of Homes and Services for the Ageing (IAHSA) (2013). "Intergenerational Living".
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families, retiring—the actual journey varies not only with each individual but with each new generation.
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Rosenberg, Russell, et al. National Sleep Foundation 2011 "Sleep in America" Poll. (White Paper.) 2011.
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Most of these inflated expectations are direct results of the generation's upbringing. During the
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Slang and Sociability, Eble, Connie, Chapel Hill Press: the University of North Carolina, 1996
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Hershatter. "Millennials and the World of Work: An Organization and Management Perspective".
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Bauer, Elaine (2010) "Language brokering: Practicing active citizenship", mediation 10,
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of youth compared to earlier generations. They call this the "kids these days effect".
903:
Ng. "New Generation, Great Expectations: A Field Study of the Millennial Generation".
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104:) and each generation sets its own trends and has its own cultural impact.
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A popular belief held by older generations is that the characteristics of
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Geeks and Geezers: how era, values and defining moments shape leaders
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and seek key roles in significant projects early on in their careers.
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525:
Generation Gap, a Sociological Study of Inter-generational Conflicts
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Institute for Public Health - Washington University in St. Louis
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schools, but now students have rarely seen or even heard of it.
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625:
1105:
645:
643:
1025:"People have always whinged about young adults. Here's proof"
765:"Generation Y: They've arrived at work with a new attitude"
962:"Dutch nursing home offers rent-free housing to students"
1064:"Why old people will always complain about young people"
1045:
Kids These Days: Facts and Fictions about Today's Youth
450:"Kids these days: Why the youth of today seem lacking"
433:
Cambridge, University Press & Assessment (2023).
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is a difference of opinions and outlooks between one
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Employee Evolution: the Voice of Millennials at Work
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448:Protzko, John; Schooler, Jonathan W. (2019-10-16).
570:"Today's Generations Face New Communication Gaps"
871:"Millennial and mature workers attitudes align"
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16:Difference of opinions between generations
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763:Armour, Stephanie (6 November 2005).
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596:"Text Generation Gap: U R 2 Old (JK)"
7:
1014:, Harvard Business School Publishing
568:Kersten, Denise (15 November 2002).
937:. New York: Routledge. p. 12.
1082:Friedman, Harvey A. (2021-10-26).
920:Journal of Business and Psychology
905:Journal of Business and Psychology
824:Journal of Business and Psychology
409:"the definition of generation gap"
14:
1010:Bennis, W. and Thomas, R. (2002)
744:http://mediazioni.sitlec.unibo.it
594:Holson, Laura M. (9 March 2008).
1479:Strauss–Howe generational theory
522:Ramaa Prasad (1 December 1992).
56:Also early sociologists such as
1094:from the original on 2021-12-10
21:Generation gap (disambiguation)
935:Youth Studies: An Introduction
695:10.1080/15235882.1996.10668640
683:The Bilingual Research Journal
76:Distinguishing generation gaps
1:
1062:Resnick, Brian (2019-11-12).
790:"Winning the generation game"
1047:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1043:Sternheimer, Karen (2006).
329:Inter-generational contract
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818:Myers, Sadaghiani (2010).
249:Generational consciousness
174:
18:
836:10.1007/s10869-010-9172-7
191:learning, and pitching in
1489:Transgenerational design
1421:Revolutionary generation
1318:Generation of Columbuses
649:Settersten, Richard A.,
364:Transgenerational design
334:Intergenerational equity
258:Intergenerational living
126:Technological influences
1511:The Greatest Generation
1442:Generational accounting
528:. Mittal Publications.
1204:Interbellum Generation
933:Furlong, Andy (2013).
722:10.1515/multi.2008.005
474:10.1126/sciadv.aav5916
435:"Cambridge Dictionary"
207:differ substantially.
1484:Theory of generations
1416:Immigrant generations
1368:Strawberry generation
989:. Web. 12 April 2015.
651:Furstenberg, Frank F.
1553:Cultural generations
1452:Intergenerationality
1235:Boomerang Generation
1144:In the Western world
628:on 16 September 2013
19:For other uses, see
1156:Greatest Generation
796:. 26 September 2013
466:2019SciA....5.5916P
339:List of generations
197:Workplace attitudes
1411:Future generations
1343:Merdeka Generation
1338:Pioneer Generation
881:on 23 January 2015
749:2014-06-06 at the
600:The New York Times
413:www.Dictionary.com
227:standardized tests
177:Language brokering
171:Language brokering
1530:
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1308:Satori generation
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1161:Silent Generation
1054:978-0-7425-4668-4
1023:Ruggeri, Amanda.
944:978-0-415-56479-3
655:Rumbaut, Rubén G.
622:"Gregg Shorthand"
535:978-81-7099-351-3
231:employee benefits
187:Child integration
82:Silent Generation
1575:
1568:1960s neologisms
1358:Sampo generation
1298:Burnt Generation
1288:Husák's Children
1258:Country-specific
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1383:Generation Z
1349:South Korea
1181:Generation Z
1171:Generation X
1166:Baby boomers
1096:. Retrieved
1087:
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966:PBS NewsHour
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879:the original
875:Randstad USA
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344:Marriage gap
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272:Lyon, France
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108:Language use
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90:Generation X
86:Baby boomers
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66:baby boomers
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1558:Subcultures
1467:Shared site
1378:Millennials
1219:Zillennials
1176:Millennials
1137:Generations
1029:www.bbc.com
710:Multilingua
374:Youth voice
349:Moral panic
212:Millennials
156:stenography
94:Millennials
1537:Categories
1334:Singapore
1098:2022-09-06
885:1 December
800:1 December
396:References
384:Technology
324:Income gap
36:generation
1522:OK boomer
769:USA Today
730:201097043
482:2375-2548
203:USA Today
148:shorthand
141:Pig Latin
1472:Struggle
1430:Concepts
1389:Vietnam
1328:Decreței
1324:Romania
1278:Post-90s
1273:Post-80s
1268:Post-70s
1214:Xennials
1092:Archived
972:25 March
854:20502509
747:Archived
500:31663012
418:25 March
302:See also
264:Deventer
1498:Related
1364:Taiwan
1314:Poland
1228:Related
1196:Cuspers
845:2868990
491:6795513
462:Bibcode
72:level.
43:History
1548:Ageing
1543:Ageism
1462:Policy
1457:Equity
1304:Japan
1264:China
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314:Ageism
274:, and
150:(e.g.
100:, and
1563:Youth
1404:Types
1294:Iran
774:8 May
726:S2CID
379:Slang
117:Slang
1075:2021
1049:ISBN
1036:2021
974:2019
939:ISBN
887:2014
850:PMID
802:2014
776:2014
634:2012
607:2012
581:2012
543:2012
530:ISBN
496:PMID
478:ISSN
420:2019
135:and
1068:Vox
840:PMC
832:doi
718:doi
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