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952:. The news of the capitulation reached Paris on 3 September. When the empress received word that the emperor and the army were prisoners, she reacted by shouting at the Emperor's personal aide, "No! An emperor does not capitulate! He is dead!...They are trying to hide it from me. Why didn't he kill himself! Doesn't he know he has dishonored himself?!". Later, when hostile crowds formed near the Tuileries Palace and the staff began to flee, the empress slipped out with one of her entourage and sought sanctuary with her American dentist,
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451:, Bristol, to learn English. Eugénie was teased as "Carrots" for her red hair and tried to run away to India, making it as far as climbing on board a ship at Bristol docks. In August 1837, they returned to school in Paris. However, much of the girls' education took place at home, under the tutelage of English governesses Miss Cole and Miss Flowers, and family friends such as
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In March 1839, on the death of their father in Madrid, the girls left Paris to rejoin their mother there. In Spain, Eugénie grew up into a headstrong and physically daring young woman, devoted to horseriding and a range of other sports. She was rescued from drowning and twice attempted suicide after
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After the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, Eugénie remained in Paris as Regent while
Napoleon III and the Prince Imperial travelled to join the troops at the German front. When the news of several French defeats reached Paris on 7 August, it was greeted with disbelief and dismay. Prime Minister
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In 1854, Emperor
Napoleon III and Eugénie bought several acres of dunes in Biarritz and gave the engineer Dagueret the task of establishing a summer home surrounded by gardens, woods, meadows, a pond and outbuildings. Napoleon III chose the location near Spain so his wife would not get homesick for
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Eugénie found childbearing extraordinarily difficult. An initial miscarriage in 1853, after a three-month pregnancy, frightened and soured her. On 16 March 1856, after two-day labor that endangered mother and child and from which Eugénie made a prolonged recovery, the empress gave birth to an only
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In a speech on 22 January 1853, Napoleon III, after becoming emperor, formally announced his engagement, saying, "I have preferred a woman whom I love and respect to a woman unknown to me, with whom an alliance would have had advantages mixed with sacrifices". They were wed on 29 January 1853 in a
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Her husband often consulted her on important questions. She acted as regent during his absences in 1859, 1865 and 1870, as he often accompanied his soldiers on the battlefield to motivate them during the wars. In the 1860s, she often attended meetings of the
Council of Ministers, even leading the
779:, provided hundreds of gowns to her over the years and was appointed the official dressmaker to the court in 1869. In the late 1860s, she caused a shift in fashion by turning against the crinoline and adopting Worth's "new" slimmer silhouettes with the skirt gathered in the back over a bustle.
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Born to prominent
Spanish nobility, Eugénie was educated in France, Spain, and England. As Empress, she used her influence to champion "authoritarian and clerical policies"; her involvement in politics earned her much criticism from contemporaries. Napoléon and Eugénie had one child together,
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from 1835 to 1836. A more compatible school was the progressive
Gymnase Normal, Civil et Orthosomatique, from 1836 to 1837, which appealed to her athletic side (a school report praised her strong liking for athletic exercise, and although an indifferent student, that her character was "good,
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candidate for the
Spanish throne, Eugénie was key in pushing her husband toward supporting what she called "my war" ("C'est ma guerre"). In one instance she pointed to the couple's son in front of her husband and declared "this child will never reign unless we repair the misfortunes of
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blamed her influence when
Thouvenel was dismissed by the emperor, declaring to Louis-Napoléon that, "You allow yourself to be ruled by your wife just as I do. But I only compromise my future...whereas you sacrifice your own interests and those of your son and the country at large."
688:'s 1861 annexation of the Bourbon-ruled Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and all of the pope's territory outside Rome. She also supported keeping a French garrison in Rome to protect the papacy's continued hold on the city. Her opposition to Italian unification earned her the enmity of
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The marriage had come after considerable activity concerning who would make a suitable match, often toward titled royals and with an eye to foreign policy. The final choice was opposed in many quarters. Eugénie was considered of too little social standing by some.
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is a style of women's chapeau worn dramatically tilted and drooped over one eye; its brim is folded up sharply at both sides in the style of a riding topper, often with one long ostrich plume streaming behind it. The hat was popularized by film star
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The empress was "perhaps the last Royal personage to have a direct and immediate influence on fashion". She set the standard for contemporary fashion at a time when the luxury industries of Paris were flourishing. Gowns, colors, and hairstyles
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over the question of the French garrison in Rome. Much to Eugénie's chagrin, Thouvenel negotiated an agreement to wind down the French military presence in exchange for a guarantee of papal sovereignty from the new
Italian kingdom. The
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339:(1856–1879). After the fall of the Empire, the three lived in exile in England; Eugénie outlived both her husband and son and spent the remainder of her life working to commemorate their memories and the memory of the
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meetings for a brief space of time in 1866 when her husband was away from Paris. A Catholic and a conservative, her influence countered any liberal tendencies in the emperor's policies. Her strong preference was for
420:-born Henri, Baron de Grivegnée and Spanish wife, Doña Francisca Antonia de Gallegos y Delgado (1751–1853). In later life, the Empress told Lady Helena Gleichen that "she was born in the middle of an earthquake and
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Eugénie faithfully performed the duties of an empress, entertaining guests and accompanying the emperor to balls, opera, and theater. After her marriage, her ladies-in-waiting consisted of six (later twelve)
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After marriage, it did not take long for her husband to stray as Eugénie found sex with him "disgusting". It is doubtful that she allowed further approaches by her husband once she had given him an heir.
956:, who took her to Deauville. From there, on 7 September, she took the yacht of a British official to England. In the meantime, on 4 September, a group of republican deputies proclaimed the return of the
888:, for what she perceived as his "meddling" in Spanish affairs. She believed that France's status as a great power was under threat, and that a victory against Prussia would secure her son's future rule.
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had sent crates of this loot to Eugénie as a gift, with the first shipment arriving in
February 1861. The collection numbers some 800 objects, with 300 coming from the sack of the Summer Palace.
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and she made repeated displays of support for members of
European royalty who were in crisis, like supporting a restoration of the Bourbons in Spain or trying to help the deposed monarchs of
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From 5 September 1870 until 19 March 1871, Napoleon III and his entourage, including Joseph Bonaparte's grandson Louis Joseph Benton, were held in comfortable captivity in a castle at
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and officially represented her husband whenever he traveled outside France. In 1860, she visited Algiers with Napoleon. She strongly advocated equality for women; she pressured the
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and enjoyed a vogue in the early 1930s, becoming "hysterically popular". More representative of the empress' actual apparel, however, was the late 19th-century fashion of the
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When the Second Empire was overthrown after France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, the empress and her husband took permanent refuge in England and settled at
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was carried out of the house and laid under a tree, her family ever after used to mock at her saying, “ The mountain was in travail and it brought forth a mouse.”"
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on the first anniversary. Before her son's death and after she was widowed, she attempted to join Bonapartists and Legitimists in political alliance against the
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Original Scarlett O'Hara: Similarity to the French Empress Eugenie who Impacted the Lincoln White House, Mexico, the Civil War and America's Gilded Age
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and for rotating her outfits throughout the day, with a different dress for the morning, afternoon, evening, and night. The British satirical magazine
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in 1866, the Empress would often state that "Catholic France could not support the neighborhood of a great Protestant power." In 1870, when the
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1864:"Fashion and Politics in Franz Xaver Winterhalter's Portrait of The Empress Eugénie surrounded by her Ladies-in-Waiting – Smarthistory"
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Eugénie de Montijo, as she became known in France, was formally educated mostly in Paris, beginning at the fashionable, traditionalist
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christened her variously as the "Queen of Fashion", "Imperatrice de la Mode", "Countess of Crinoline", and "Goddess of the
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Court Life of the Second French Empire, 1852-1870: Its Organization, Chief Personages, Splendour, Frivolity, and Downfall
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on 12 April 1849. "What is the road to your heart?" Napoleon demanded to know. "Through the chapel, Sire", she answered.
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which was, in Victorian times, famed as a health spa resort. During an afternoon visit in 1881, she called on
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Eugénie's influence on contemporary taste extended into the decorative arts. She was a great admirer of Queen
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on 30 January 1853 until he was overthrown on 4 September 1870. From 28 July to 4 September 1870, she was the
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She had an extensive and unique jewelry collection, most of which later was owned by the Brazilian socialite
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as an insult. She reportedly slapped Eugénie across the face, almost resulting in an international incident.
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generous, active and firm"). In 1837, Eugénie and Paca briefly attended a boarding school for girls on
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After the deaths of her husband and son, as her health started to deteriorate, she spent some time at
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Therese Dolan (1994). "The Empress's New Clothes: Fashion and Politics in Second Empire France".
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were avidly copied from the empress throughout Europe and America. She was famous for her large
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2029:"Women in Power" 1840–1870, entry: "1861–76 Pertevniyal Valide Sultan of The Ottoman Empire"
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The army was ultimately defeated, and Napoleon III gave himself up to the Prussians at the
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2684:"Soberanas y princesas condecoradas con la Gran Cruz de San Carlos el 10 de Abril de 1865"
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to give the first baccalaureate diploma to a woman and tried unsuccessfully to induce the
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romantic disappointments. She was very interested in politics and became devoted to the
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A Cultural History of Fashion in the 20th and 21st Centuries: From Catwalk to Sidewalk
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Empress Eugénie and the Arts: Politics and Visual Culture in the Nineteenth Century
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Souvenirs d'un Demi-Siècle: Au Temps de Louis-Philippe et de Napoléon III 1830-1870
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Distaff Diplomacy: The Empress Eugenie and the Foreign Policy of the Second Empire
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On 18 July 1834, María Manuela and her daughters left Madrid for Paris, fleeing a
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Paris Reborn: Napoléon III, Baron Haussmann, and the Quest to Build a Modern City
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The former empress died on 11 July 1920, aged 94, during a visit to her relative
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styles. A general vogue arose for 18th century French design, becoming known as
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in Madrid in her native Spain, and she is interred in the Imperial Crypt at
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1269:(1932, 1952): Set in 19th-century Granada, Eugénie de Montijo (played by
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Eugénie de Montijo – the last empress of the French – in a photograph by
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She first met Prince Louis Napoléon after he had become president of the
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Eugenie de Montijo.com - The Empress of the French and Paris Les Halles
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her native country. The house was called the Villa Eugénie, today the
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with her mother at a reception given by the "prince-president" at the
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2498:. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2011. Archived from
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She was a staunch defender of papal temporal powers in Italy and of
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cause, under the influence of Eleanore Gordon, a former mistress of
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The Franco-Prussian War: The German Conquest of France in 1870-1871
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In 1863, the Empress established a museum of Asian art called the
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in lugubrious conversation about the fate of the martyred queen."
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Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie
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2693:(in Spanish), National Digital Newspaper Library of Mexico: 347
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in a countryside setting, with eight of her ladies-in-waiting.
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L'Art de Vivre: Decorative Arts and Design in France 1789-1989
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Honorary Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
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The Empress Eugenie in England: Art, Architecture, Collecting
515:, and on the 30th, there was a grander religious ceremony at
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2141:"Charles Frederick Worth (1825–1895) and the House of Worth"
2213:"La Musée Chinois de l'impératrice Eugénie à Fontainebleau"
975:. Eugénie traveled incognito to Germany to visit Napoleon.
673:, whose incompatibility she seemed not to even recognize."
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The empress has been commemorated in space; the asteroid
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María Eugenia Ignacia Agustina was born on 5 May 1826 in
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Calasibetta, Charlotte Mankey; Tortora, Phyllis (2010).
2435:[Empress Eugénie and the British Royal Family].
2433:"L'impératrice Eugénie et la famille royale britannique"
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376:, Spain. She was the youngest child and daughter of Don
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Cipriano de Palafox y Portocarrero, 8th Count of Montijo
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The French Second Empire: An Anatomy of Political Power
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The Empress Eugénie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting
396:, 8th Count of Ablitas, 8th Count of Fuentidueña, 14th
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María Eugenia Ignacia Agustina de Palafox y Kirkpatrick
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María Eugenia Ignacia Agustina de Palafox y Kirkpatrick
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Mistresses: Domestic Scandals of 19th Century Monarchs
1461:"Cipriano Palafox y Portocarrero, 8. conde de Montijo"
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Monogram of "N" for Napoleon III on the façade of the
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The Empress held anti-Prussian views and disliked the
30:"Empress Eugenie" redirects here. For other uses, see
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The Fall of Paris: The Siege and the Commune 1870-71
2628:"Real orden de Damas Nobles de la Reina Maria Luisa"
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Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
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876:Empress Eugénie holding a small parasol, mid-1870s
2467:. Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 19.
1101:, with her husband and her son. The British King
3940:Consorts to debatable or disputed rulers are in
2956:Eugenie: Empress of the French. A Popular Sketch
2660:(in Portuguese). 3 February 2011. Archived from
2532:Aimee de Heeren wearing the Marguerite Necklace
1889:"Interior of Governors Palace, Algiers, Algeria"
622:, where it depicted Eugénie, sitting beside the
786:and decorated her interiors in revivals of the
406:María Manuela Enriqueta Kirkpatrick y Grivegnée
2406:Bournemouth Visitors Directory 2 February 1881
1316:(2009), she is portrayed by Hungarian actress
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2594:Hats: A Stylish History and Collector's Guide
2496:"Solar System Exploration: Asteroids – Moons"
1427:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 47–48.
1121:in Paris. The "E" is for the empress Eugénie.
8:
3026:Newspaper clippings about Eugénie de Montijo
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933:and the chief of staff of the army, Marshal
2461:; International Astronomical Union (2003).
549:Napoléon Eugène Louis Jean Joseph Bonaparte
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2521:The Marguerite Necklace of Empress Eugenie
2178:"Cabinet ca. 1866, Alexander Roux, France"
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2887:Prince, Danforth; Porter, Darwin (2010).
2597:. New York: Clarkson Potter. p. 43.
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67:of all important aspects of the article.
3021:Pronunciation of name by French speaker
2656:[Decorations of Napoleon III].
2260:"Hotel du Palais, former Villa Eugenie"
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1555:. Chichester: Phillimore. p. 138.
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1387:L'Empereur, sa femme et le petit prince
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1011:in South Africa, with Eugénie visiting
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209: 1853; died 1873)
27:Empress of the French from 1853 to 1870
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1516:. Butler & Tanner Ltd. p. 72.
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63:Please consider expanding the lead to
2958:. London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co.
2004:
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1937:. University of Texas. pp. 9–10.
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1587:
1538:
1341:Coat of arms as empress of the French
716:In 1868, Empress Eugénie visited the
705:She was blamed for the fiasco of the
310:
274:María Manuela Kirkpatrick y Grivegnée
7:
2802:, London: The Burlington Press, 2022
2783:Recollections of the Empress Eugénie
2091:. St. Martin's Press. p. 58=59.
2061:Alexander Fury (18 September 2013).
2016:
1778:
1766:
1742:
1694:Napoleon III and His Carnival Empire
1493:. C. Scribner's sons. pp. 62–63
1307:plays her during a fantasy sequence.
987:Empress Eugénie in mourning for her
806:in the park, and frequently engaged
2922:Eugénie: The Empress and her Empire
2553:The Fairchild Dictionary of Fashion
2047:. Thames & Hudson. p. 185.
538:Empress Eugénie of the French, 1858
404:and 13th Marquis of la Algaba, and
195:Napoléon III, Emperor of the French
4049:Spanish people of Scottish descent
2786:. London: Cassell and Company, Ltd
2211:Dominique Bonnet (21 March 2015).
1843:Eugénie. An empress and her empire
1232:plays her as the love interest of
1129:was named after her, and its moon
709:and the eventual death of Emperor
629:She traveled to Egypt to open the
530:and Empress Eugénie with their son
378:Cipriano de Palafox y Portocarrero
130:30 January 1853 – 4 September 1870
25:
4054:Spanish people of Belgian descent
3974:French people of Scottish descent
3911:Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
3084:Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
2946:. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
2166:. The Vendome Press. p. 116.
1487:Vizetelly, Ernest Alfred (1908).
1300:The Diving Bell and the Butterfly
1198:Honorary Dame Grand Cross of the
602:Anne Debelle, Princesse d'Essling
319:; 5 May 1826 - 11 July 1920) was
4044:French people of Belgian descent
3147:11 January 1871 – 9 January 1873
3103:30 January 1853–11 January 1871
2658:Academia Falerística de Portugal
2464:Dictionary of minor planet names
1698:. St Martin's Press (New York).
1348:
1334:
1294:with curing the prince imperial.
1042:, at her residence 'Crag Head'.
293:
41:
32:Empress Eugenie (disambiguation)
3202:Eugenia María Fitz-James Stuart
2994:. Columbus: Biblio Publishing.
2944:The Life of the Empress Eugénie
2910:The Life of the Empress Eugénie
2813:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
2654:"Condecorações de Napoleão III"
2377:. Tempus (Paris). p. 488.
2337:. Tempus (Paris). p. 711.
1190:Imperial Order of Saint Charles
1099:St Michael's Abbey, Farnborough
1083:St Michael's Abbey, Farnborough
337:Louis-Napoléon, Prince Imperial
223:Louis-Napoléon, Prince Imperial
206:
182:St Michael's Abbey, Farnborough
55:may be too short to adequately
3150:Reason for succession failure:
2967:. Cambridge University Press.
2822:The Empress Eugénie: 1826–1920
2738:Eugenie: Empress of the French
1049:, she donated her steam yacht
962:Government of National Defense
864:and made Biarritz well-known.
635:Ministry of National Education
65:provide an accessible overview
1:
4009:19th-century Spanish nobility
3662:Joan II, Countess of Burgundy
3275:List of French royal consorts
979:After the Franco-Prussian War
894:Prussian victory over Austria
796:"Style Louis XVI Impératrice"
752:Eugénie de Montijo in Granada
707:French intervention in Mexico
581:
384:, whose titles included 13th
120:Empress consort of the French
3706:Joan I, Countess of Auvergne
2826:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
2762:. New York: William Morrow.
2262:. Grand Hotels of the World.
2162:Madeleine Deschamps (1989).
2143:. Metropolitan Museum of Art
1355:Coat of arms as dame of the
1290:; she credits the waters of
835:by French troops during the
645:as its first female member.
4059:Spanish emigrants to France
3155:Empire replaced by Republic
3030:20th Century Press Archives
2740:. London: Cobden-Sanderson.
1330:Heraldry of Empress Eugénie
1200:Order of the British Empire
1143:Named for the empress, the
1133:after the prince imperial.
1073:Death, burial and aftermath
1019:by making overtures to the
868:Role in Franco-Prussian War
690:Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
659:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
4080:
3999:19th-century women regents
3453:Desiderata of the Lombards
2087:Stephane Kirkland (2013).
1807:. New York: Random Hours.
1357:Order of Queen María Luisa
1245:(1939), she was played by
1170:Order of Queen Maria Luisa
1081:Empress Eugénie's tomb at
386:Duke of Peñaranda de Duero
29:
3938:
3264:
3217:
3208:
3198:
3189:
3181:
3174:
3159:
3132:
3119:
3112:
3096:
3075:
3068:
3041:
2908:Sencourt, Robert (1931).
2893:. John Wiley & Sons.
2225:McQueen, 2011; p. 228-230
2215:(in French). Paris Match.
1690:Bierman, M.F.E.M (1988).
1413:Vizetelly, 1908; p. 62-63
1286:(1943), she is played by
1210:Order of the Starry Cross
684:, which was formed after
440:Convent of the Sacré Cœur
331:head of state of France.
237:
228:
106:
91:
3884:Marie Joséphine of Savoy
3859:Joséphine de Beauharnais
3259:Royal consorts of France
3221:Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart
2963:Wawro, Geoffrey (2003).
2848:McQueen, Alison (2011).
2758:Eugenie and Napoleon III
2745:Du Camp, Maxime (1949).
2247:Prince & Porter 2010
2235:Hôtel du Palais: Merimée
2128:. Bloomsbury. p. 8.
1260:, and then abandons him.
1168:475th Dame of the Royal
960:, and the creation of a
943:Francois Achille Bazaine
900:which would lead to the
892:claimed that, after the
841:Charles Cousin-Montauban
819:(Chinese Museum) at the
614:Franz Xaver Winterhalter
493:Franz Xaver Winterhalter
366:Franz Xaver Winterhalter
312:[øʒenidəmɔ̃tiʁo]
4039:Spanish Roman Catholics
3984:Empresses of the French
3270:List of Frankish queens
3128:Marie Louise of Austria
3091:as Queen of the French
2852:. Burlington: Ashgate.
2634:(in Spanish): 167. 1887
2537:10 January 2015 at the
2124:Bonnie English (2013).
1917:Louis Napoléon Le Grand
1512:Gleichen, Lady Helena.
1192:of the Mexican Empire,
1068:Empress Eugénie in 1920
904:erupted over Prussia's
821:Palace of Fontainebleau
777:Charles Frederick Worth
475:and the prime minister
431:and the dangers of the
4034:French Roman Catholics
3876:(1814–1815; 1815–1830)
3830:Maria Theresa of Spain
3518:Beatrice of Vermandois
3365:Brunhilda of Austrasia
2912:. London: Ernest Benn.
2843:. London: Heron Books.
2839:Leroy, Alfred (1969).
2818:Kurtz, Harold (1964).
2749:(in French). Hachette.
2632:Guía Oficial de España
2591:Shields, Jody (1991).
2437:Monarchie Britannique!
2373:Girard, Louis (1986).
2358:Milza, Pierre (2006).
2333:Milza, Pierre (2006).
2314:Milza, 2009, pg. 80–81
1966:Maximilian and Carlota
1956:Dolan 1994, pp. 24-25.
1614:, pp. 18 et seq..
1602:, pp. 13 et seq..
1551:Jones, Donald (1992).
1514:Contacts and Contrasts
1283:The Song of Bernadette
1122:
1105:attended her requiem.
1086:
1069:
992:
877:
753:
711:Maximilian I of Mexico
587:
539:
531:
511:civil ceremony at the
496:
369:
3592:Adelaide of Maurienne
3552:Adelaide of Aquitaine
3483:Ermentrude of Orléans
3473:Ermengarde of Hesbaye
3168:Clémentine of Belgium
3142:Empress of the French
3135:— TITULAR —
3099:Empress of the French
2990:Smith, Nancy (2017).
2890:Frommer's France 2011
2874:. Ministry of Culture
2305:du Camp, 1949; p. 280
2045:Costume & Fashion
1931:Barker, Nancy Nichols
1894:World Digital Library
1803:Kelen, Betty (1966).
1449:McQueen, 2011; p. 2-4
1180:Order of Saint Isabel
1116:
1091:the 17th Duke of Alba
1080:
1067:
1017:French Third Republic
986:
875:
860:and the Spanish king
751:
732:, 32nd sultan of the
575:
537:
525:
490:
359:
323:from her marriage to
321:Empress of the French
4014:19th-century regents
3766:Elisabeth of Austria
3756:Catherine de' Medici
3657:Clementia of Hungary
3652:Margaret of Burgundy
3632:Margaret of Provence
3612:Isabella of Hainault
3602:Constance of Castile
3597:Eleanor of Aquitaine
3587:Bertrade of Montfort
3488:Richilde of Provence
2754:Duff, David (1978).
2563:. pp. 249–250.
2043:James Laver (1995).
1553:A History of Clifton
1423:Roger Price (2001).
1234:Ferdinand de Lesseps
663:Nancy Nichols Barker
641:to elect the writer
473:Isabella II of Spain
341:Second French Empire
3979:People from Granada
3672:Marie of Luxembourg
3667:Blanche of Burgundy
3617:Ingeborg of Denmark
3503:Théodrate of Troyes
3405:Balthild of Chelles
3211:Marquise of Ardales
3185:Cipriano de Palafox
3107:Monarchy abolished
3043:Eugénie de Montijo
2841:The Empress Eugénie
2617:Calasibetta, p. 93.
2421:, pp. 293–294.
2397:Barker 2011, p. 10.
2362:. pp. 711–712.
2198:Barker, 2011; p. 12
2139:Jess Krick (2000).
2104:Woman's Art Journal
1919:. pp. 204–210.
1781:, pp. 126–129.
1769:, pp. 104–105.
1440:McQueen 2011, p. 3.
1404:McQueen, 2011; p. 2
1372:Eugénie Archipelago
1266:Violetas Imperiales
1254:Archduke Maximilian
1188:Grand Cross of the
1045:On the outbreak of
1040:the queen of Sweden
902:Franco-Prussian War
651:hereditary monarchy
445:Royal York Crescent
360:Empress Eugénie as
113:The Empress in 1862
100:Marquise of Ardales
3989:House of Bonaparte
3930:Eugénie de Montijo
3921:House of Bonaparte
3850:House of Bonaparte
3815:Margaret of Valois
3782:House of Lancaster
3771:Louise of Lorraine
3751:Eleanor of Austria
3726:Charlotte of Savoy
3716:Isabeau of Bavaria
3701:Blanche of Navarre
3637:Isabella of Aragon
3627:Blanche of Castile
3607:Adela of Champagne
3567:Constance of Arles
3562:Bertha of Burgundy
3528:Gerberga of Saxony
3164:Title next held by
3124:Title last held by
3114:Titles in pretence
3080:Title last held by
3048:House of Bonaparte
2924:. Stroud: Sutton.
2798:Anthony Geraghty,
2712:"Sternkreuz-orden"
2691:Diario del Imperio
2664:on 13 October 2014
2323:Milza, 2009, p. 81
2291:Horne, 1965; p. 36
2279:Wawro, 2003; p. 35
1947:Dolan 1994, p. 24.
1793:, pp. 90, 94.
1310:In the miniseries
1123:
1087:
1070:
993:
878:
754:
726:Pertevniyal Sultan
639:Académie Française
610:Pauline de Bassano
588:
540:
532:
497:
398:Marquis of Ardales
370:
304:Eugénie de Montijo
87:Eugénie de Montijo
18:Eugenie de Montijo
4004:French socialites
3994:Regents of France
3949:
3948:
3852:(1804–1814; 1815)
3835:Marie Leszczyńska
3795:Margaret of Anjou
3711:Joanna of Bourbon
3647:Joan I of Navarre
3582:Bertha of Holland
3572:Matilda of Frisia
3513:Eadgifu of Wessex
3493:Adelaide of Paris
3478:Judith of Bavaria
3227:
3226:
3218:Succeeded by
3199:Succeeded by
3137:
3094:
2940:Stoddart, Jane T.
2868:"Hôtel du Palais"
2604:978-0-517-57439-3
2570:978-1-56367-973-5
2474:978-3-540-00238-3
2459:Schmadel, Lutz D.
2344:978-2-262-02607-3
1982:978-0-245-52418-9
1841:Seward, Desmond:
1757:, pp. 45–52.
1745:, pp. 83–84.
1733:, pp. 55–59.
1665:, pp. 20–26.
1653:, pp. 20–22.
1641:, pp. 17–18.
1626:, pp. 11–12.
1541:, pp. 16–18.
1021:Count of Chambord
898:diplomatic crisis
886:Otto von Bismarck
829:Old Summer Palace
759:"à l'impératrice"
718:Dolmabahçe Palace
694:Édouard Thouvenel
433:First Carlist War
301:
300:
242:
241:
82:
81:
16:(Redirected from
4071:
3902:House of Orléans
3874:House of Bourbon
3840:Marie Antoinette
3820:Marie de' Medici
3806:House of Bourbon
3746:Claude of France
3731:Anne of Brittany
3696:Joan of Burgundy
3642:Marie of Brabant
3622:Agnes of Merania
3443:Bertrada of Laon
3253:
3246:
3239:
3230:
3192:Countess of Teba
3182:Preceded by
3176:Spanish nobility
3157:
3151:
3133:
3088:
3064:
3057:
3039:
3005:
2978:
2959:
2947:
2935:
2913:
2904:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2863:
2844:
2835:
2825:
2814:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2773:
2761:
2750:
2741:
2720:
2719:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2698:
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2639:
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2618:
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2577:
2558:
2547:
2541:
2529:
2523:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2502:on 3 August 2004
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2431:Guillot, Kévin.
2428:
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2167:
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2048:
2040:
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2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
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1996:
1990:
1984:
1963:
1957:
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1939:
1938:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1907:
1906:
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1878:
1876:
1874:
1868:smarthistory.org
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1352:
1338:
1288:Patricia Morison
1258:throne of Mexico
1247:Gale Sondergaard
939:Cousin-Montauban
837:Second Opium War
784:Marie Antoinette
744:Role in the arts
699:Duke of Persigny
682:Kingdom of Italy
586:
583:
429:cholera outbreak
390:Count of Montijo
382:Grandee of Spain
362:Marie Antoinette
314:
309:
297:
230:
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166:
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95:Countess of Teba
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3825:Anne of Austria
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3775:
3687:House of Valois
3681:
3557:Rozala of Italy
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2986:
2984:Further reading
2981:
2975:
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2932:
2918:Seward, Desmond
2916:
2907:
2901:
2886:
2877:
2875:
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2860:
2847:
2838:
2817:
2807:Horne, Alistair
2805:
2789:
2787:
2778:Filon, Augustin
2776:
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2589:
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2571:
2561:Fairchild Books
2556:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2539:Wayback Machine
2530:
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2180:. metmuseum.org
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2069:
2067:The Independent
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2011:
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1991:
1987:
1968:by Gene Smith,
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1529:, pp. 4–5.
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1217:Film portrayals
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1138:Aimée de Heeren
1111:
1075:
1061:(GBE) in 1919.
981:
954:Thomas W. Evans
950:Battle of Sedan
870:
854:Hôtel du Palais
849:
746:
661:. According to
624:Grand-Maitresse
599:Grand-Maitresse
594:dames du palais
584:
578:Gustave Le Gray
570:
565:
553:Prince Impérial
501:Second Republic
485:
453:Prosper Mérimée
402:Marquis of Moya
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50:This article's
46:
35:
28:
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4064:Exiled royalty
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3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3956:
3955:
3947:
3946:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3926:
3924:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3887:
3879:
3877:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3811:
3809:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3790:
3788:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3736:Joan of France
3733:
3728:
3723:
3721:Marie of Anjou
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3692:
3690:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3677:Joan of Évreux
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3548:
3546:
3543:House of Capet
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3523:Emma of France
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3439:
3437:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3289:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3233:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3216:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3197:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3163:
3158:
3131:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3095:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:French royalty
3066:
3065:
3045:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3023:
3018:
3011:
3010:External links
3008:
3007:
3006:
3001:978-1622494064
3000:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2973:
2960:
2952:Tschudi, Clara
2948:
2936:
2930:
2914:
2905:
2899:
2884:
2864:
2858:
2845:
2836:
2815:
2803:
2796:
2774:
2768:
2751:
2742:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2703:
2675:
2645:
2619:
2610:
2603:
2583:
2569:
2542:
2524:
2513:
2487:
2473:
2450:
2423:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2384:2-01-27-9098-4
2383:
2365:
2350:
2343:
2325:
2316:
2307:
2293:
2281:
2265:
2251:
2249:, p. 678.
2239:
2227:
2218:
2200:
2191:
2169:
2154:
2131:
2113:
2094:
2079:
2050:
2032:
2021:
2019:, p. 191.
2009:
1997:
1985:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1922:
1908:
1880:
1855:
1834:
1795:
1783:
1771:
1759:
1747:
1735:
1723:
1711:
1704:
1679:
1667:
1655:
1643:
1628:
1616:
1604:
1592:
1580:
1568:
1561:
1543:
1531:
1519:
1504:
1479:
1451:
1442:
1430:
1415:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1354:
1347:
1345:
1340:
1333:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1308:
1305:Emma de Caunes
1295:
1278:
1275:Carmen Sevilla
1261:
1237:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1206:
1196:
1186:
1176:
1164:
1161:
1110:
1107:
1074:
1071:
1013:his death site
980:
977:
931:Émile Ollivier
923:Émile Ollivier
919:Duc de Gramont
915:Adolphe Thiers
890:Maxime du Camp
869:
866:
858:Queen Victoria
848:
845:
745:
742:
734:Ottoman Empire
724:, the home to
722:Constantinople
678:ultramontanism
606:dame d'honneur
569:
566:
564:
561:
484:
481:
469:Louis Napoléon
380:, three times
353:
350:
348:
345:
299:
298:
291:
287:
286:
281:
277:
276:
271:
267:
266:
261:
257:
256:
250:
244:
243:
240:
239:
235:
234:
226:
225:
220:
214:
213:
202:
198:
193:
192:
190:
186:
185:
180:
178:
174:
173:
167:(aged 94)
161:
157:
156:
141:
137:
136:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
116:
115:
112:
104:
103:
89:
88:
80:
79:
59:the key points
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4076:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3952:
3943:
3937:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3891:Marie-Thérèse
3888:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3534:
3533:Emma of Italy
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3254:
3249:
3247:
3242:
3240:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3222:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3194:
3193:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3162:
3156:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3093:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2976:
2974:9780521584364
2970:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2900:9780470641774
2896:
2892:
2891:
2885:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2859:9781409405856
2855:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2824:
2823:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2734:Aubry, Octave
2731:
2730:
2725:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2692:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2614:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2587:
2584:
2572:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2554:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2514:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2476:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2438:
2434:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2366:
2361:
2354:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2214:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2165:
2158:
2155:
2142:
2135:
2132:
2127:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2095:
2090:
2083:
2080:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1974:0-245-52418-5
1971:
1967:
1962:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1851:0-7509-2979-0
1848:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1724:
1721:, p. 50.
1720:
1715:
1712:
1707:
1705:0-312-01827-4
1701:
1696:
1695:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1677:, p. 29.
1676:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1590:, p. 17.
1589:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1562:0-85033-820-4
1558:
1554:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1508:
1505:
1492:
1491:
1483:
1480:
1467:
1462:
1455:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1419:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1382:Hispagnolisme
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1318:Andrea Osvart
1315:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1271:Simone Valère
1268:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1230:Loretta Young
1227:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1194:10 April 1865
1191:
1187:
1185:
1182:of Portugal,
1181:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1119:Opéra Garnier
1115:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1079:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:Isle of Wight
1029:
1028:Osborne House
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
990:
985:
978:
976:
974:
970:
965:
963:
959:
955:
951:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
874:
867:
865:
863:
859:
855:
846:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
817:
816:musée Chinois
811:
809:
805:
804:Petit Trianon
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
769:
764:
760:
750:
743:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
703:
700:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
646:
644:
640:
636:
632:
627:
625:
621:
620:
615:
611:
607:
603:
600:
596:
595:
579:
574:
567:
562:
560:
556:
554:
550:
544:
536:
529:
524:
520:
518:
514:
508:
506:
505:Élysée Palace
502:
494:
489:
482:
480:
478:
477:Ramón Narváez
474:
470:
466:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
436:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:Count of Teba
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
367:
363:
358:
351:
346:
344:
342:
338:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
305:
296:
292:
288:
285:
282:
278:
275:
272:
268:
265:
262:
258:
255:(by marriage)
254:
251:
249:
245:
236:
231:
227:
224:
221:
219:
215:
196:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
162:
158:
154:
142:
138:
134:
128:
124:
121:
117:
110:
105:
102:
101:
96:
90:
85:
76:
66:
60:
58:
53:
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4029:Napoleon III
3951:
3941:
3929:
3889:
3882:
3864:Marie Louise
3793:
3785:
3780:
3577:Anne of Kiev
3425:Carolingians
3400:Bertechildis
3286:Merovingians
3209:
3190:
3166:
3160:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3126:
3120:
3106:
3097:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3076:
3063:11 July 1920
3060:
3053:
3046:
2991:
2964:
2955:
2943:
2931:0-7509-29790
2921:
2909:
2889:
2876:. Retrieved
2871:
2849:
2840:
2821:
2810:
2799:
2788:. Retrieved
2782:
2757:
2746:
2737:
2715:
2706:
2695:, retrieved
2690:
2678:
2666:. Retrieved
2662:the original
2657:
2648:
2636:. Retrieved
2631:
2622:
2613:
2593:
2586:
2576:18 September
2574:. Retrieved
2559:. New York:
2552:
2545:
2527:
2516:
2506:18 September
2504:. Retrieved
2500:the original
2490:
2480:18 September
2478:. Retrieved
2463:
2453:
2441:. Retrieved
2436:
2426:
2402:
2393:
2375:Napoleon III
2374:
2368:
2360:Napoleon III
2359:
2353:
2335:Napoleon III
2334:
2328:
2319:
2310:
2254:
2242:
2230:
2221:
2194:
2182:. Retrieved
2172:
2163:
2157:
2145:. Retrieved
2134:
2125:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2088:
2082:
2070:. Retrieved
2066:
2044:
2024:
2012:
2000:
1988:
1965:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1911:
1901:25 September
1899:. Retrieved
1892:
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1867:
1858:
1842:
1837:
1804:
1798:
1786:
1774:
1762:
1750:
1738:
1726:
1714:
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1607:
1595:
1583:
1578:, p. 7.
1571:
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1534:
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1495:. Retrieved
1489:
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1470:. Retrieved
1468:(in Spanish)
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1445:
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1409:
1400:
1311:
1298:
1281:
1264:
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1208:Dame of the
1203:
1193:
1183:
1178:Dame of the
1174:6 March 1853
1173:
1153:
1142:
1135:
1131:Petit-Prince
1124:
1095:Liria Palace
1088:
1055:British Navy
1050:
1044:
1025:
997:Camden Place
994:
969:Wilhelmshöhe
966:
947:
927:
906:Hohenzollern
884:chancellor,
882:North German
879:
862:Alfonso XIII
850:
815:
812:
795:
781:
766:
758:
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728:, mother of
715:
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628:
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541:
528:Napoleon III
509:
498:
491:Portrait by
461:
437:
426:
371:
333:
328:
325:Napoleon III
316:
303:
302:
165:(1920-07-11)
163:11 July 1920
92:
70:
54:
52:lead section
3969:1920 deaths
3964:1826 births
3923:(1852–1870)
3904:(1830–1848)
3808:(1589–1792)
3786:(1422–1453)
3761:Mary Stuart
3689:(1328–1589)
3415:Chrothildis
3395:Wulfefundis
3390:Ragintrudis
3345:Austregilde
3340:Theudechild
2697:14 November
2668:28 November
2439:(in French)
2419:Seward 2004
1663:Seward 2004
1651:Seward 2004
1639:Seward 2004
1624:Seward 2004
1576:Seward 2004
1527:Seward 2004
1497:6 September
1360:(1853–1920)
1343:(1853–1870)
1150:Greta Garbo
1145:Eugénie hat
1047:World War I
1036:Bournemouth
1001:Chislehurst
800:Saint-Cloud
667:Bonapartism
643:George Sand
585: 1856
568:Public life
465:Bonapartist
457:Henri Beyle
284:Catholicism
73:August 2019
3958:Categories
3741:Mary Tudor
3545:(987–1328)
3430:Robertians
3380:Gomentrude
3355:Galswintha
3300:Ultragotha
3215:1839–1920
3196:1839–1920
3056:5 May 1826
2769:0688033385
2726:References
2184:21 January
2147:15 January
2072:14 January
2005:Filon 1920
1993:Kurtz 1964
1873:2 February
1791:Kurtz 1964
1755:Kurtz 1964
1731:Kurtz 1964
1719:Kurtz 1964
1675:Kurtz 1964
1612:Kurtz 1964
1600:Kurtz 1964
1588:Kurtz 1964
1539:Kurtz 1964
1377:Arenenberg
1212:of Austria
1172:of Spain,
1127:45 Eugenia
839:. General
763:crinolines
671:Legitimism
631:Suez Canal
612:. In 1855
604:, and the
517:Notre Dame
422:her mother
352:Early life
150:5 May 1826
146:1826-05-05
3508:Frederuna
3498:Richardis
3458:Hildegard
3436:(751–987)
3410:Bilichild
3360:Fredegund
3335:Marcovefa
3330:Merofleda
3325:Ingoberga
3288:(509–751)
2790:14 August
2017:Duff 1978
1779:Duff 1978
1767:Duff 1978
1743:Duff 1978
1393:Citations
1093:, at the
1085:, England
792:Louis XVI
730:Abdulaziz
551:, styled
513:Tuileries
347:Biography
290:Signature
253:Bonaparte
57:summarize
3468:Luitgard
3463:Fastrada
3448:Gerberga
3434:Bosonids
3385:Nanthild
3375:Sichilde
3370:Bertrude
3350:Audovera
3310:Radegund
3305:Guntheuc
3295:Clotilde
2954:(1899).
2942:(1906).
2920:(2004).
2832:64006541
2809:(1965).
2780:(1920).
2736:(1939).
2638:21 March
2535:Archived
2110:(1): 23.
1933:(2011).
1829:5948939M
1813:65021242
1366:See also
1303:(2007),
1251:Austrian
1228:(1938),
1154:Eugénie
1103:George V
1009:Zulu War
958:Republic
847:Biarritz
831:outside
788:Louis XV
738:seraglio
686:Sardinia
657:and the
616:painted
526:Emperor
483:Marriage
329:de facto
280:Religion
3942:italics
3320:Aregund
3032:of the
3028:in the
2878:10 June
2872:Merimée
2443:27 July
1466:Geneall
1292:Lourdes
1256:on the
1163:Honours
1156:paletot
1053:to the
1051:Thistle
1030:on the
971:, near
935:Le Bœuf
833:Beijing
773:Bustles
563:Empress
449:Clifton
400:, 17th
392:, 15th
374:Granada
368:, 1854)
308:French:
211:
203:
199:
172:, Spain
155:, Spain
153:Granada
3315:Ingund
3161:Vacant
3121:Vacant
3077:Vacant
3059:
2998:
2971:
2928:
2897:
2856:
2830:
2766:
2601:
2567:
2471:
2381:
2341:
1980:
1972:
1897:. 1899
1853:(2004)
1849:
1827:
1821:619857
1819:
1811:
1702:
1559:
1472:3 June
1242:Juarez
1109:Legacy
991:, 1880
973:Kassel
911:Sadowa
808:Hübner
495:, 1853
414:Málaga
410:consul
388:, 9th
315:; née
270:Mother
260:Father
189:Spouse
177:Burial
170:Madrid
126:Tenure
3061:Died:
3054:Born:
2687:(PDF)
2557:(PDF)
768:Punch
655:Parma
547:son,
418:Liège
248:House
233:Names
218:Issue
205:(
201:
98:16th
93:19th
3432:and
2996:ISBN
2969:ISBN
2926:ISBN
2895:ISBN
2880:2013
2854:ISBN
2828:LCCN
2792:2013
2764:ISBN
2699:2020
2670:2019
2640:2019
2599:ISBN
2578:2011
2565:ISBN
2508:2011
2482:2011
2469:ISBN
2445:2022
2379:ISBN
2339:ISBN
2186:2021
2149:2021
2074:2021
1978:ISBN
1970:ISBN
1903:2013
1875:2023
1847:ISBN
1817:OCLC
1809:LCCN
1700:ISBN
1557:ISBN
1499:2020
1474:2017
1325:Arms
1313:Sisi
1225:Suez
1204:1919
1184:1854
1005:Kent
825:Siam
790:and
669:and
455:and
364:(by
160:Died
140:Born
3034:ZBW
1297:In
1280:In
1263:In
1239:In
1222:In
999:in
989:son
913:".
720:in
447:in
412:to
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2007:.
1995:.
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