1684:
545:
30:
1311:
382:
227:
154:
morphology have led some to propose close affinities between the two, but differences in characters of the teeth are evidence against a close relationship. DNA evidence suggests that solenodons are a sister group to a clade of shrews, moles, and
171:
era. How they came to the
Antilles is unknown; they may have arrived either via overwater dispersal or via some sort of land bridge from North America, South America, or even Africa, and
475:, the Hispaniolan solenodon (one of two extant solenodons), is known both as a living animal and from fossil deposits throughout much of the island, except for northern Haiti. Separate
363:. The oldest record is from the latest Pleistocene, but they probably arrived there earlier in the Pleistocene, if not in the Pliocene. In the youngest layers of several deposits,
1430:
289:, the only surviving Cuban solenodon, has been confirmed only from eastern Cuba as a living animal, but there are several fossil records in the western part of the island.
1116:
Roca, A.L.; Bar-Gal, G.K.; Eizirik, E.; Helgen, K.M.; Maria, R.; Springer, M.S.; J. O'Brien, S.; Murphy, W.J. (2004). "Mesozoic origin for West Indian insectivores".
1440:
1355:
1805:
1445:
1375:
1493:
1478:
1415:
1251:
535:, the extant Hispaniolan solenodon, is known from a recent fossil deposit on Gonâve, but there are currently no known solenodon populations there.
1815:
1785:
1648:
1435:
1335:
1360:
1211:
1098:
1053:
1020:
936:
1810:
1725:
1790:
1568:
683:
1638:
1872:
1740:
636:
1658:
1503:
1730:
1663:
688:
673:
1780:
1833:
1425:
1286:
610:
1795:
1850:
1828:
1775:
1745:
1420:
1410:
1345:
268:, is known from a single mandible dated to the 14th century CE that was found on the surface of a cave deposit together with
1800:
1770:
1643:
1578:
1513:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1553:
1405:
1400:
1385:
1750:
1673:
1618:
1588:
1508:
1705:
1653:
1628:
1603:
1563:
1548:
1518:
1471:
640:
614:
1735:
1720:
1715:
1668:
1608:
1583:
1573:
1528:
1623:
1613:
1593:
1538:
1533:
1523:
1370:
1350:
1330:
1244:
1710:
1598:
1543:
1633:
1558:
918:
1395:
1380:
1276:
678:
1390:
1340:
1281:
1260:
96:
1464:
1365:
1237:
524:
433:
411:
1877:
1271:
467:
is known from late
Quaternary fossil deposits in southern Haiti and the southwestern Dominican Republic.
140:
34:
446:
277:
1692:
663:
649:
623:
593:
567:
550:
531:
471:
386:
317:
108:
490:
Some chest vertebrae and associated ribs of a mammal, probably a solenodontid, have been found in
1141:
982:
463:
455:
424:
402:
326:
260:
926:
351:, a British archipelago south of Cuba. The two are similar in morphology, but the species from
17:
1217:
1207:
1197:
1184:
1133:
1104:
1094:
1072:
1059:
1049:
1039:
1026:
1016:
942:
932:
340:
251:
1316:
1174:
1166:
1125:
1086:
1009:
Morgan, G.S. (1994a). "Mammals of the Cayman
Islands". In Brunt, M.A.; Davies, J.E. (eds.).
974:
511:
381:
285:
292:
Some fossil cave samples from several localities represent solenodons that are larger than
587:
is the largest island associated with Puerto Rico; it is located east of the main island.
160:
132:
1456:
419:
and remains from a cave in the
Dominican Republic have been dated to the 13th century CE.
1179:
1154:
348:
226:
198:
119:
About fifteen species of
Caribbean eulipotyphlans are known to have existed during the
1866:
922:
186:
144:
88:
69:
986:
29:
1297:
1206:. Boca Raton, London, New York, and Washington, D.C.: CRC Press. pp. 237–252.
1085:. Boca Raton, London, New York, and Washington, D.C.: CRC Press. pp. 253–330.
352:
150:
The interrelationships of the two
Caribbean genera remain unclear. Similarities in
104:
54:
50:
1145:
544:
1201:
1080:
1043:
1010:
127:
species are universally accepted as valid. However, most of these, including all
558:
356:
191:
81:
1306:
668:
476:
394:
359:. They are closely related to each other and to the Cuban–Hispaniolan species
241:, also has the largest inventory of eulipotyphlans, including five members of
164:
136:
120:
87:
For the purposes of this article, the "Caribbean" includes all islands in the
1090:
1697:
1221:
1108:
1063:
1030:
946:
495:
209:
203:
163:, providing evidence that the split from the other families occurred in the
156:
77:
42:
1229:
1188:
1170:
1137:
965:
MacPhee, R.D.E.; Grimaldi, D.A. (1996). "Mammal bones in
Dominican amber".
1203:
Biogeography of the West Indies: Patterns and
Perspectives, Second Edition
1082:
Biogeography of the West Indies: Patterns and
Perspectives, Second Edition
1683:
441:; some bones from a cave in Haiti have been dated to the 14th century CE.
238:
168:
100:
58:
1129:
575:, has been recorded from an Amerindian site, and dated to about 1000 CE.
584:
92:
62:
494:
in the
Dominican Republic. These are probably not older than the late
978:
369:
73:
46:
1153:
Turvey, S.T.; Oliver, J.R.; Narganes Storde, Y.M.; Rye, P. (2007).
994:
931:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 220–231.
543:
515:
491:
398:
380:
225:
178:
The genera of Caribbean eulipotyphlans are classified as follows:
151:
65:
28:
928:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
234:
1460:
1233:
373:, indicating that its extinction occurred relatively recently.
1155:"Late Holocene extinction of Puerto Rican native land mammals"
958:
1040:"Late Quaternary fossil vertebrates from the Cayman Islands"
1048:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 465–508.
1015:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 435–463.
397:
is the second largest of the Antilles. It is divided into
561:
is the smallest and easternmost of the Greater Antilles.
502:, with an estimated body mass of 150 grams (5.3 oz).
281:
is known from Late Pleistocene deposits in western Cuba.
91:(except for small islets close to the mainland) and the
1073:"Systematics and biogeography of the West Indian genus
601:, has been recorded from a kitchen midden on Vieques.
1294:
1045:
The Cayman Islands: Natural History and Biogeography
1012:
The Cayman Islands: Natural History and Biogeography
993:
MacPhee, R.D.E.; Flemming, C.; Lunde, D.P. (1999). "
1691:
1492:
1198:"The origin of the Greater Antillean insectivorans"
999:: New radiometric dates and their interpretation
84:, became extinct within the last few centuries.
37:, one of two surviving Caribbean eulipotyphlans.
995:Last occurrence" of the Antillean insectivoran
498:. The animal would have been about the size of
1472:
1245:
514:is an island off western Hispaniola, part of
255:is known from cave deposits of uncertain age.
45:region is home to two unique families of the
8:
1806:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
347:are known from several cave deposits on the
639:is one of the main islands of the northern
613:is one of the main islands of the northern
175:and solenodons may have different origins.
1479:
1465:
1457:
1252:
1238:
1230:
859:
857:
1178:
103:, which are not in the Caribbean Sea but
76:. Only one Caribbean family, that of the
1200:. In Woods, C.A.; Sergile, F.E. (eds.).
1079:. In Woods, C.A.; Sergile, F.E. (eds.).
437:has been found together with remains of
1042:. In Brunt, M.A.; Davies, J.E. (eds.).
898:
896:
781:
700:
684:List of Central American eulipotyphlans
428:has also been recorded from Hispaniola.
1487:List of eulipotyphlans of the Americas
793:
791:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
751:
749:
689:List of South American eulipotyphlans
674:List of North American eulipotyphlans
653:is known from archeological material.
627:is known from archeological material.
53:(incorporating the now defunct order
7:
734:Whidden and Asher, 2001, pp. 248–249
1196:Whidden, H.P.; Asher, R.J. (2001).
955:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
961:>. Downloaded on June 20, 2015.
367:is found together with introduced
330:has been recorded from the island.
25:
320:is a large island south of Cuba.
1682:
1649:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1431:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1309:
264:, the most widespread and large
716:Whidden and Asher, 2001, p. 237
300:. They have been identified as
230:Drawing of the Cuban solenodon.
18:Eulipotyphlans of the Caribbean
679:List of Mexican eulipotyphlans
80:, is still extant; the other,
1:
450:has been found together with
415:has been found together with
272:, suggesting recent survival.
881:Turvey et al., 2007, table 1
641:United States Virgin Islands
615:United States Virgin Islands
355:is larger than the one from
57:), which also includes the
1894:
1071:Ottenwalder, J.A. (2001).
902:MacPhee et al., 1999, p. 7
863:Ottenwalder, 2001, fig. 16
851:Ottenwalder, 2001, fig. 18
833:Morgan, 1994b, pp. 485–487
815:Ottenwalder, 2001, fig. 17
806:Ottenwalder, 2001, fig. 19
785:Hutterer, 2005, p. 220-221
755:MacPhee and Grimaldi, 1996
483:) and southern highlands (
1824:
1791:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1680:
1326:
1304:
1267:
1003:American Museum Novitates
890:Ottenwalder, 2001, p. 253
872:Ottenwalder, 2001, p. 299
824:Ottenwalder, 2001, p. 306
454:; some remains have been
1873:Mammals of the Caribbean
1811:Turks and Caicos Islands
1441:Turks and Caicos Islands
1261:Mammals of the Caribbean
1091:10.1201/9781420039481-16
97:Turks and Caicos Islands
479:occur in the northern (
458:to the 13th century CE.
131:, are now extinct; the
1726:British Virgin Islands
1356:British Virgin Islands
1171:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0585
1038:Morgan, G.S. (1994b).
957:. Version 2015.1. <
925:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
797:Hutterer, 2005, p. 222
707:Hutterer, 2005, p. 220
555:
525:Nesophontes hypomicrus
434:Nesophontes paramicrus
412:Nesophontes hypomicrus
391:
231:
38:
1639:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1416:Saint Kitts and Nevis
917:Hutterer, R. (2005).
842:Morgan, 1994a, p. 457
547:
384:
237:, the largest of the
229:
141:Hispaniolan solenodon
35:Hispaniolan solenodon
32:
1277:Sloths and anteaters
919:"Order Soricomorpha"
447:Nesophontes zamicrus
296:, but too small for
278:Solenodon arredondoi
245:and two solenodons.
167:period, late in the
1816:U.S. Virgin Islands
1659:Trinidad and Tobago
1504:Antigua and Barbuda
1446:U.S. Virgin Islands
1436:Trinidad and Tobago
1336:Antigua and Barbuda
1130:10.1038/nature02597
959:www.iucnredlist.org
664:Island biogeography
650:Nesophontes edithae
624:Nesophontes edithae
594:Nesophontes edithae
568:Nesophontes edithae
551:Nesophontes edithae
532:Solenodon paradoxus
472:Solenodon paradoxus
387:Solenodon paradoxus
341:undescribed species
318:Isla de la Juventud
313:Isla de la Juventud
182:Order Eulipotyphla
109:Caribbean bioregion
107:belong to the same
1569:Dominican Republic
1376:Dominican Republic
556:
548:Reconstruction of
464:Solenodon marcanoi
425:Nesophontes micrus
403:Dominican Republic
392:
327:Nesophontes micrus
261:Nesophontes micrus
232:
215:Unidentified genus
39:
1860:
1859:
1454:
1453:
1213:978-1-4200-3948-1
1124:(6992): 649–651.
1100:978-1-4200-3948-1
1055:978-94-011-0904-8
1022:978-94-011-0904-8
973:(6574): 489–490.
938:978-0-8018-8221-0
725:Roca et al., 2004
597:, a Puerto Rican
456:radiocarbon-dated
252:Nesophontes major
143:is classified as
135:is classified as
105:biogeographically
16:(Redirected from
1885:
1781:Saint Barthélemy
1741:Falkland Islands
1686:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1458:
1319:
1317:Caribbean portal
1314:
1313:
1312:
1298:Antilles monkeys
1296:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1231:
1225:
1192:
1182:
1149:
1112:
1067:
1034:
990:
979:10.1038/380489b0
950:
910:Literature cited
903:
900:
891:
888:
882:
879:
873:
870:
864:
861:
852:
849:
843:
840:
834:
831:
825:
822:
816:
813:
807:
804:
798:
795:
786:
783:
756:
753:
744:
741:
735:
732:
726:
723:
717:
714:
708:
705:
286:Atopogale cubana
21:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1834:Central America
1820:
1695:
1687:
1678:
1495:
1488:
1485:
1455:
1450:
1322:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1287:Solenodons and
1263:
1258:
1228:
1214:
1195:
1159:Biology Letters
1152:
1115:
1101:
1070:
1056:
1037:
1023:
1008:
964:
939:
916:
912:
907:
906:
901:
894:
889:
885:
880:
876:
871:
867:
862:
855:
850:
846:
841:
837:
832:
828:
823:
819:
814:
810:
805:
801:
796:
789:
784:
759:
754:
747:
742:
738:
733:
729:
724:
720:
715:
711:
706:
702:
697:
660:
634:
608:
582:
542:
509:
481:S. p. paradoxus
379:
337:
315:
224:
161:molecular clock
133:Cuban solenodon
117:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1891:
1889:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1865:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1796:Sint Eustatius
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1731:Cayman Islands
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1689:
1688:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1361:Cayman Islands
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1292:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1234:
1227:
1226:
1212:
1193:
1165:(2): 193–196.
1150:
1113:
1099:
1068:
1054:
1035:
1021:
1006:
991:
962:
951:
937:
913:
911:
908:
905:
904:
892:
883:
874:
865:
853:
844:
835:
826:
817:
808:
799:
787:
757:
745:
743:Hutterer, 2005
736:
727:
718:
709:
699:
698:
696:
693:
692:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
659:
656:
655:
654:
633:
630:
629:
628:
607:
604:
603:
602:
581:
578:
577:
576:
541:
538:
537:
536:
528:
508:
505:
504:
503:
488:
468:
459:
442:
429:
420:
378:
375:
349:Cayman Islands
336:
335:Cayman Islands
333:
332:
331:
314:
311:
310:
309:
290:
282:
273:
256:
223:
220:
219:
218:
217:
216:
213:
199:Solenodontidae
195:
123:, but not all
116:
113:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1890:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1853:
1852:
1851:South America
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:North America
1827:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1746:French Guiana
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:United States
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1491:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1318:
1307:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1000:
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1878:Soricomorphs
1849:
1838:
1801:Sint Maarten
1786:Saint Martin
1693:Dependencies
1426:Saint Martin
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55:Soricomorpha
51:Eulipotyphla
40:
26:
1771:Puerto Rico
1698:territories
1644:Saint Lucia
1579:El Salvador
1421:Saint Lucia
1411:Puerto Rico
1289:Nesophontes
997:Nesophontes
953:IUCN 2008.
599:Nesophontes
573:Nesophontes
559:Puerto Rico
540:Puerto Rico
500:Nesophontes
485:S. p. woodi
365:Nesophontes
357:Cayman Brac
345:Nesophontes
266:Nesophontes
243:Nesophontes
192:Nesophontes
173:Nesophontes
129:Nesophontes
125:Nesophontes
1867:Categories
1766:Montserrat
1761:Martinique
1756:Guadeloupe
1554:Costa Rica
1406:Montserrat
1401:Martinique
1386:Guadeloupe
1005:3261:1–20.
695:References
669:Extinction
611:Saint John
606:Saint John
571:, a large
477:subspecies
395:Hispaniola
377:Hispaniola
165:Cretaceous
157:erinaceids
137:Endangered
121:Quaternary
78:solenodons
1839:Caribbean
1751:Greenland
1674:Venezuela
1619:Nicaragua
1589:Guatemala
1509:Argentina
1494:Sovereign
1075:Solenodon
496:Oligocene
361:N. micrus
302:Solenodon
294:A. cubana
210:Atopogale
204:Solenodon
159:, with a
59:hedgehogs
47:mammalian
43:Caribbean
1706:Anguilla
1654:Suriname
1629:Paraguay
1604:Honduras
1564:Dominica
1549:Colombia
1519:Barbados
1371:Dominica
1351:Barbados
1331:Anguilla
1222:46240352
1189:17251123
1138:15190349
1109:46240352
1064:28586438
1031:28586438
987:36546759
947:62265494
658:See also
401:and the
239:Antilles
169:Mesozoic
115:Overview
101:Barbados
63:gymnures
1736:Curaçao
1721:Bonaire
1716:Bermuda
1669:Uruguay
1609:Jamaica
1584:Grenada
1574:Ecuador
1529:Bolivia
1514:Bahamas
1396:Jamaica
1381:Grenada
1346:Bahamas
1282:Rodents
1180:2375922
585:Vieques
580:Vieques
306:cubanus
197:Family
185:Family
93:Bahamas
74:desmans
1624:Panama
1614:Mexico
1594:Guyana
1539:Canada
1534:Brazil
1524:Belize
1496:states
1220:
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1146:915633
1144:
1136:
1118:Nature
1107:
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967:Nature
945:
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512:Gonâve
507:Gonâve
452:Rattus
439:Rattus
417:Rattus
370:Rattus
270:Rattus
99:, and
66:shrews
49:order
1711:Aruba
1599:Haiti
1544:Chile
1391:Haiti
1341:Aruba
1142:S2CID
983:S2CID
921:. In
516:Haiti
492:amber
399:Haiti
152:skull
70:moles
1776:Saba
1696:and
1634:Peru
1559:Cuba
1366:Cuba
1272:Bats
1218:OCLC
1208:ISBN
1185:PMID
1134:PMID
1105:OCLC
1095:ISBN
1060:OCLC
1050:ISBN
1027:OCLC
1017:ISBN
943:OCLC
933:ISBN
304:cf.
235:Cuba
222:Cuba
207:and
72:and
41:The
33:The
1175:PMC
1167:doi
1126:doi
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343:of
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275:†
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249:†
20:)
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