3492:
113:
136:
3808:
2851:
2836:
3479:
417:
2843:
3486:
371:
have been assigned to the family, but many are dubious or have been determined to have been placed in the family incorrectly. One study has suggested that
Euparkeriidae may not represent a true evolutionary grouping or
574:, a Russian archosauriform known mostly by hind limb bones, has also been proposed as a possible euparkeriid, but has subsequently been placed outside the family. Three species from
599:(2014) analysed many species that have been considered euparkeriids, finding many outside the group while recovering a slightly supported monophyletic family including
2105:
3886:
3975:
2133:
3965:
3873:
392:). However, other studies consider the family valid, albeit difficult to diagnose. Euparkeriidae is defined as the most inclusive clade containing
484:. Euparkeriids had two rows of small keeled osteoderms with characteristically pointed anterior processes, although some osteoderms referred to
3955:
3970:
1003:
1022:
to all be valid members of a monophylectic (albeit poorly supported) Euparkeriidae, and more closely related to each other than to
2126:
524:
3491:
332:
in 1913 and is known from several nearly complete skeletons. The family name was first proposed by German paleontologist
135:
502:. These include an anterolaterally opening pit on the front of the maxilla, four premaxillary teeth, two exits for the
464:(defining characteristics) are difficult to assess between members of the family. The only uniting trait observable in
1598:
314:
that had the ability to walk on their hind limbs at times. The most well known member of
Euparkeriidae is the species
3960:
3811:
2119:
1716:
1253:
1742:
1270:
816:
3950:
3410:
3301:
2835:
2785:
1699:
1236:
385:
3478:
498:
are united by several more traits which may characterize the family but are unknown in the rather incomplete
2734:
3485:
3828:
2850:
2760:
1533:
1069:
533:
3912:
3439:
2842:
1509:
1052:
310:). While most other early archosauriforms walked on four limbs, euparkeriids were probably facultative
1030:
was placed outside
Euparkeriidae. The strict consensus tree of the parsimony analysis is given below:
3860:
3342:
2230:
1668:
1212:
333:
234:
122:
568:
than had previously been suspected, although in 2016 it was reinstated as a member of the family.
352:, a position outside Pseudosuchia and close to the ancestry of both crocodile-line archosaurs and
3775:
1777:
1312:
1007:
588:
570:
511:
377:
130:
112:
3917:
3899:
2644:
2513:
2457:
2084:
2066:
2018:
1987:"Systematics of putative euparkeriids (Diapsida: Archosauriformes) from the Triassic of China"
1175:
503:
3927:
3904:
3891:
2882:
2869:
2803:
2688:
2594:
2480:
2441:
2400:
2360:
2309:
2292:
2279:
2242:
2142:
2074:
2058:
2008:
1998:
1964:
1581:
1494:
1124:
1037:
646:
349:
299:
292:
203:
190:
3770:
3704:
3569:
3399:
3290:
3092:
3083:
2978:
2964:
2622:
2557:
2541:
2494:
2329:
1854:
1632:
1557:
1484:
1382:
1093:
442:
353:
28:
3785:
3364:
3269:
3219:
3128:
2994:
2723:
2699:
2587:
2502:
2370:
2350:
2079:
2046:
2013:
1986:
1479:
as sister taxa. However, other parts of the tree lost much resolution creating a large
799:
507:
470:
398:
274:
528:
form a clade within
Euparkeriidae united by the presence of a pronounced tuber on the
429:
Euparkeriids, as well as several other advanced archosauriformes or early archosaurs (
3944:
3780:
3739:
3734:
3539:
3388:
3377:
3229:
3106:
3053:
3023:
3016:
2954:
2944:
2775:
2637:
2630:
2579:
2530:
2523:
2472:
2429:
2380:
2199:
909:
732:
715:
660:
602:
404:
70:
32:
3760:
3601:
3559:
3549:
3529:
3428:
3209:
3135:
3030:
2571:
2464:
2390:
2319:
1837:
1615:
1365:
1141:
631:
557:
461:
450:
416:
389:
381:
345:
337:
329:
321:
1469:
The
Bayesian analysis resolved the trichotomy within Euparkeriidae and recovered
445:) were lightly built and agile terrestrial carnivores which likely competed with
3765:
3744:
3714:
3694:
3674:
3664:
3654:
3644:
3624:
3579:
3199:
3158:
3142:
3099:
3009:
2987:
2903:
2749:
2678:
2608:
2550:
1822:
1808:
1350:
1336:
943:
892:
854:
437:
325:
216:
45:
3684:
3614:
3445:
3318:
3276:
3262:
3239:
3189:
3113:
3069:
3062:
3002:
2934:
2923:
2913:
2792:
2615:
2601:
2564:
2450:
2415:
2340:
2215:
2172:
1475:
868:
775:
684:
476:
431:
422:
316:
311:
289:
264:
254:
90:
55:
3851:
2070:
3725:
3589:
3354:
3331:
3179:
3121:
3038:
2709:
2661:
2487:
636:
481:
460:
Most taxa which can be assigned to
Euparkeriidae are incomplete, and shared
454:
361:
341:
296:
147:
95:
39:
2088:
2022:
3845:
2166:
1480:
446:
357:
348:
analyses performed in the 21st century place
Euparkeriidae as a group of
303:
167:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
2062:
1002:
Sookias (2016) also performed another study on
Euparkeriidae using both
3878:
2181:
529:
488:
are shorter and blunter than those characteristic of the other genera.
453:
femurs which were capable of, but not well adapted for, bipedalism and
307:
177:
100:
75:
2003:
3634:
2190:
2160:
553:
480:(the only genera believed to be valid euparkeriids) relates to their
157:
3822:
2047:"The relationships of the Euparkeriidae and the rise of Archosauria"
1968:
344:
from the
Triassic (Pseudosuchia means "false crocodiles"). However,
2111:
384:) or a group of species that each evolved small body sizes through
575:
415:
373:
364:). However, they are probably not direct ancestors of archosaurs.
3865:
3416:
3826:
3507:
2867:
2277:
2153:
2115:
1985:
Sookias, R. B.; Sullivan, C.; Liu, J.; Butler, R. J. (2014).
1955:
Sookias, R. B.; Butler, R. J. (2013). "Euparkeriidae".
336:
in 1920; Huene classified euparkeriids as members of
3710:
3700:
3690:
3680:
3670:
3660:
3650:
3640:
3630:
3620:
3610:
3585:
3575:
3565:
3555:
3545:
3535:
3525:
3384:
3373:
3328:
3287:
3250:
3235:
3225:
3215:
3205:
3195:
3185:
3175:
3080:
3050:
2975:
2960:
2950:
2940:
2930:
2919:
2909:
2899:
2772:
2746:
2720:
2705:
2695:
2684:
2674:
2412:
2396:
2386:
2376:
2366:
2356:
2346:
2336:
2325:
2315:
2305:
552:. Several hundred isolated bones have been found in
548:, the most completely known putative euparkeriid is
270:
260:
250:
3835:
3753:
3724:
3599:
3518:
3427:
3398:
3362:
3353:
3327:
3316:
3286:
3249:
3156:
3079:
3049:
2974:
2880:
2802:
2771:
2745:
2719:
2659:
2540:
2512:
2440:
2410:
2290:
2241:
2214:
1957:Geological Society, London, Special Publications
2127:
8:
522:, and the dubious (but likely euparkeriid)
3823:
3515:
3504:
3359:
3324:
3168:
3164:
2892:
2888:
2877:
2864:
2667:
2421:
2298:
2287:
2274:
2220:
2211:
2150:
2134:
2120:
2112:
340:, a traditional name for crocodilian-line
111:
20:
2078:
2012:
2002:
578:have also been proposed as euparkeriids:
1947:
376:. Instead, the family may represent an
1980:
1978:
7:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
449:for food. They had gracile but well-
380:of small archosauriforms (making it
320:, which was named by paleontologist
1829:
1800:
1793:
1691:
1684:
1660:
1648:
1573:
1549:
1525:
1501:
1490:
1357:
1328:
1304:
1228:
1204:
1192:
1166:
1116:
1109:
1085:
1044:
1033:
884:
860:
850:
791:
767:
757:
707:
700:
676:
652:
642:
556:and referred to this genus. A 2010
14:
3976:Taxa named by Friedrich von Huene
2045:Sookias, Roland B. (2016-03-01).
367:Several other species apart from
3966:Early Triassic first appearances
3807:
3806:
3490:
3484:
3477:
2849:
2841:
2834:
1487:. This analysis is given below:
134:
564:was more distantly related to
1:
3956:Prehistoric reptile families
2108:from Palaeos.com (technical)
1743:"Turfanosuchus" shageduensis
1271:"Turfanosuchus" shageduensis
1020:"Turfanosuchus" shageduensis
817:"Turfanosuchus" shageduensis
584:"Turfanosuchus" shageduensis
525:"Turfanosuchus" shageduensis
3971:Middle Triassic extinctions
1599:Koilamasuchus gonzalezdiazi
1010:analysis. This study found
629:were both also found to be
302:which lived from the Early
3992:
2051:Royal Society Open Science
16:Extinct family of reptiles
3802:
3514:
3503:
3474:
3171:
3167:
2895:
2891:
2876:
2863:
2832:
2670:
2424:
2301:
2286:
2273:
2223:
2210:
2149:
1851:
1834:
1827:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1774:
1739:
1717:Osmolskina czatkowicensis
1713:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1665:
1658:
1646:
1629:
1612:
1595:
1578:
1571:
1554:
1547:
1530:
1523:
1506:
1499:
1379:
1362:
1355:
1333:
1326:
1309:
1302:
1267:
1254:Osmolskina czatkowicensis
1250:
1233:
1226:
1209:
1202:
1190:
1171:
1164:
1138:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1090:
1083:
1066:
1049:
1042:
941:
906:
889:
882:
865:
858:
848:
813:
796:
789:
772:
765:
755:
729:
712:
705:
698:
681:
674:
657:
650:
550:Osmolskina czatkowicensis
247:
242:
131:Scientific classification
129:
119:
110:
23:
1700:Halazhaisuchus qiaoensis
1237:Halazhaisuchus qiaoensis
580:Halazhaisuchus qiaoensis
402:(the nile crocodile) or
386:evolutionary convergence
306:to the Middle Triassic (
420:Life reconstruction of
1534:Sarmatosuchus otschevi
1483:of large groups above
1070:Sarmatosuchus otschevi
426:
3913:Paleobiology Database
1510:Proterosuchus fergusi
1053:Proterosuchus fergusi
419:
408:(the house sparrow).
560:analysis found that
514:(or postparietals).
399:Crocodylus niloticus
354:bird-line archosaurs
2063:10.1098/rsos.150674
1669:Euparkeria capensis
1213:Euparkeria capensis
423:Euparkeria capensis
394:Euparkeria capensis
334:Friedrich von Huene
317:Euparkeria capensis
123:Euparkeria capensis
3776:Ichthyosauromorpha
3766:Drepanosauromorpha
1778:Dorosuchus neoetus
1313:Dorosuchus neoetus
589:Wangisuchus tzeyii
571:Dorosuchus neoetus
427:
378:evolutionary grade
3961:Triassic reptiles
3938:
3937:
3900:Open Tree of Life
3829:Taxon identifiers
3820:
3819:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3499:
3498:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3312:
3311:
3152:
3151:
2859:
2858:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2655:
2654:
2645:Sharovipterygidae
2514:Sharovipterygidae
2458:Dinocephalosaurus
2269:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2004:10.7717/peerj.658
1938:
1937:
1929:
1928:
1920:
1919:
1911:
1910:
1902:
1901:
1893:
1892:
1884:
1883:
1875:
1874:
1866:
1865:
1763:
1762:
1754:
1753:
1728:
1727:
1466:
1465:
1457:
1456:
1448:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1412:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1291:
1290:
1282:
1281:
1176:Proterochampsidae
1153:
1152:
999:
998:
990:
989:
981:
980:
972:
971:
963:
962:
954:
953:
930:
929:
921:
920:
837:
836:
828:
827:
744:
743:
504:hypoglossal nerve
405:Passer domesticus
283:
282:
238:
3983:
3931:
3930:
3921:
3920:
3908:
3907:
3895:
3894:
3882:
3881:
3869:
3868:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3824:
3810:
3809:
3754:Possible members
3712:
3702:
3692:
3682:
3672:
3662:
3652:
3642:
3632:
3622:
3612:
3587:
3577:
3567:
3557:
3547:
3537:
3527:
3516:
3505:
3494:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3386:
3375:
3360:
3330:
3325:
3289:
3252:
3237:
3227:
3217:
3207:
3197:
3187:
3177:
3169:
3165:
3082:
3052:
2977:
2962:
2952:
2942:
2932:
2921:
2911:
2901:
2893:
2889:
2883:Archosauriformes
2878:
2870:Archosauriformes
2865:
2854:
2853:
2846:
2845:
2838:
2804:Archosauriformes
2774:
2748:
2722:
2707:
2697:
2689:Cryptovaranoides
2686:
2676:
2668:
2595:Langobardisaurus
2481:Protanystropheus
2442:Trachelosauridae
2422:
2414:
2401:Vritramimosaurus
2398:
2388:
2378:
2368:
2361:Mecistotrachelos
2358:
2348:
2338:
2327:
2317:
2310:Aenigmastropheus
2307:
2299:
2293:Archosauromorpha
2288:
2280:Archosauromorpha
2275:
2243:Archosauromorpha
2221:
2212:
2205:
2204:
2151:
2143:Archosauromorpha
2136:
2129:
2122:
2113:
2093:
2092:
2082:
2042:
2027:
2026:
2016:
2006:
1982:
1973:
1972:
1952:
1830:
1801:
1794:
1692:
1685:
1661:
1649:
1582:Vancleavea campi
1574:
1550:
1526:
1502:
1495:Archosauriformes
1491:
1358:
1329:
1305:
1229:
1205:
1193:
1167:
1125:Vancleavea campi
1117:
1110:
1086:
1045:
1038:Archosauriformes
1034:
885:
861:
851:
792:
768:
758:
708:
701:
677:
653:
647:Archosauriformes
643:
639:is shown below.
350:Archosauriformes
272:
262:
252:
233:
228:
204:Archosauriformes
191:Archosauromorpha
139:
138:
115:
105:
42:
27:Temporal range:
21:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3951:Archosauriforms
3941:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3926:
3924:
3916:
3911:
3903:
3898:
3890:
3885:
3877:
3872:
3864:
3859:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3831:
3821:
3816:
3790:
3771:Kuehneosauridae
3749:
3720:
3705:Vjushkovisaurus
3595:
3570:Protecovasaurus
3510:
3495:
3476:
3452:
3423:
3411:Avemetatarsalia
3400:Avemetatarsalia
3394:
3349:
3321:
3308:
3302:Proterochampsia
3291:Proterochampsia
3282:
3245:
3161:
3148:
3093:Bharitalasuchus
3084:Erythrosuchidae
3075:
3045:
2979:Proterosuchidae
2970:
2965:Syntomiprosopus
2885:
2872:
2855:
2848:
2840:
2818:
2798:
2767:
2741:
2715:
2664:
2651:
2623:Sclerostropheus
2558:Augustaburiania
2542:Tanystropheidae
2536:
2508:
2495:Sclerostropheus
2436:
2418:
2406:
2330:Elachistosuchus
2295:
2282:
2257:
2237:
2206:
2156:
2155:
2145:
2140:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2044:
2043:
2030:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1969:10.1144/SP379.6
1954:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1855:Avemetatarsalia
1764:
1755:
1729:
1633:Proterochampsia
1558:Erythrosuchidae
1485:Erythrosuchidae
1467:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1383:Avemetatarsalia
1292:
1283:
1154:
1094:Erythrosuchidae
1000:
991:
982:
973:
964:
955:
931:
922:
838:
829:
745:
620:"Turfanosuchus"
542:
510:, and separate
414:
356:(which include
300:archosauriforms
232:
226:
133:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
37:
36:
29:Middle Triassic
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3989:
3987:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3943:
3942:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3922:
3909:
3896:
3883:
3870:
3857:
3841:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3786:Thalattosauria
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3731:
3729:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3708:
3698:
3688:
3678:
3668:
3658:
3648:
3638:
3628:
3618:
3607:
3605:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3583:
3573:
3563:
3553:
3543:
3533:
3522:
3520:
3512:
3511:
3509:Related topics
3508:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3442:
3433:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3413:
3404:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3382:
3370:
3368:
3365:Incertae sedis
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3336:
3334:
3322:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3295:
3293:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3273:
3270:Halazhaisuchus
3266:
3258:
3256:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3233:
3223:
3220:Marcianosuchus
3213:
3203:
3193:
3183:
3172:
3162:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3129:Guchengosuchus
3125:
3118:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3088:
3086:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3066:
3058:
3056:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3035:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2995:Chasmatosuchus
2991:
2983:
2981:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2958:
2948:
2938:
2928:
2917:
2907:
2896:
2886:
2881:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2789:
2781:
2779:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2754:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2735:Allokotosauria
2728:
2726:
2724:Allokotosauria
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2703:
2700:Tasmaniosaurus
2693:
2682:
2671:
2665:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2588:Gwyneddosaurus
2584:
2576:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2527:
2519:
2517:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2503:Trachelosaurus
2499:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2469:
2461:
2454:
2446:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2425:
2419:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2394:
2384:
2374:
2371:Prolacertoides
2364:
2354:
2351:Malutinisuchus
2344:
2334:
2323:
2313:
2302:
2296:
2291:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2224:
2218:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2154:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2101:
2100:External links
2098:
2095:
2094:
2028:
1974:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1489:
1471:Halazhaisuchus
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1032:
1012:Halazhaisuchus
997:
996:
993:
992:
988:
987:
984:
983:
979:
978:
975:
974:
970:
969:
966:
965:
961:
960:
957:
956:
952:
951:
948:
947:
940:
937:
936:
933:
932:
928:
927:
924:
923:
919:
918:
915:
914:
905:
902:
901:
898:
897:
888:
883:
881:
878:
877:
874:
873:
864:
859:
857:
849:
847:
844:
843:
840:
839:
835:
834:
831:
830:
826:
825:
822:
821:
812:
809:
808:
805:
804:
800:Halazhaisuchus
795:
790:
788:
785:
784:
781:
780:
771:
766:
764:
756:
754:
751:
750:
747:
746:
742:
741:
738:
737:
728:
725:
724:
721:
720:
711:
706:
704:
699:
697:
694:
693:
690:
689:
680:
675:
673:
670:
669:
666:
665:
656:
651:
649:
641:
612:Halazhaisuchus
541:
540:Classification
538:
520:Halazhaisuchus
512:interparietals
500:Halazhaisuchus
471:Halazhaisuchus
462:synapomorphies
443:gracilisuchids
413:
410:
281:
280:
279:
278:
275:Halazhaisuchus
268:
258:
245:
244:
240:
239:
224:
220:
219:
214:
207:
206:
201:
194:
193:
188:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3988:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3929:
3923:
3919:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3862:
3858:
3853:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3837:Euparkeriidae
3834:
3830:
3825:
3813:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3781:Sauropterygia
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3740:Protorosauria
3738:
3736:
3735:Proterosuchia
3733:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3540:Lucianosaurus
3534:
3532:
3531:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3506:
3502:
3493:
3489:
3487:
3480:
3447:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3418:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3378:Sikannisuchus
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3315:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3254:Euparkeriidae
3248:
3242:
3241:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3230:Polymorphodon
3224:
3222:
3221:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3155:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3107:Erythrosuchus
3104:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3054:Protopyknosia
3048:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3024:Samsarasuchus
3021:
3019:
3018:
3017:Proterosuchus
3014:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2955:Sarmatosuchus
2949:
2947:
2946:
2945:Koilamasuchus
2939:
2937:
2936:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2847:
2844:
2837:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:Prolacertidae
2770:
2762:
2761:Rhynchosauria
2758:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2750:Rhynchosauria
2744:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2658:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2638:Tanytrachelos
2635:
2633:
2632:
2631:Tanystropheus
2628:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2580:Gracilicollum
2577:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2531:Sharovipteryx
2528:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2473:Gracilicollum
2470:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2431:
2430:Jesairosaurus
2427:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2381:Protorosaurus
2375:
2373:
2372:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2201:
2200:Archelosauria
2197:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2107:
2106:Euparkeriidae
2104:
2103:
2099:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2057:(3): 150674.
2056:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1933:
1925:
1924:
1916:
1915:
1907:
1906:
1898:
1897:
1889:
1888:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1832:
1831:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1759:
1758:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1654:Euparkeriidae
1651:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1576:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1462:
1461:
1453:
1452:
1444:
1443:
1435:
1434:
1426:
1425:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1407:
1399:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1287:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1206:
1199:
1198:Euparkeriidae
1195:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
995:
994:
986:
985:
977:
976:
968:
967:
959:
958:
950:
949:
946:
945:
939:
938:
935:
934:
926:
925:
917:
916:
913:
912:
911:
910:Pseudopalatus
904:
903:
900:
899:
896:
895:
894:
887:
886:
880:
879:
876:
875:
872:
871:
870:
863:
862:
856:
853:
852:
846:
845:
842:
841:
833:
832:
824:
823:
820:
819:
818:
811:
810:
807:
806:
803:
802:
801:
794:
793:
787:
786:
783:
782:
779:
778:
777:
770:
769:
763:
762:Euparkeriidae
760:
759:
753:
752:
749:
748:
740:
739:
736:
735:
734:
733:Tropidosuchus
727:
726:
723:
722:
719:
718:
717:
716:Chanaresuchus
710:
709:
703:
702:
696:
695:
692:
691:
688:
687:
686:
679:
678:
672:
671:
668:
667:
664:
663:
662:
661:Erythrosuchus
655:
654:
648:
645:
644:
640:
638:
634:
633:
628:
624:
621:
617:
613:
609:
606:
604:
603:Turfanosuchus
598:
593:
592:
590:
585:
581:
577:
573:
572:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
539:
537:
535:
531:
527:
526:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
487:
483:
479:
478:
473:
472:
467:
463:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
439:
434:
433:
425:
424:
418:
411:
409:
407:
406:
401:
400:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:
313:
309:
305:
301:
298:
294:
291:
287:
286:Euparkeriidae
277:
276:
269:
267:
266:
259:
257:
256:
249:
248:
246:
241:
236:
231:
230:Euparkeriidae
225:
222:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
137:
132:
128:
125:
124:
120:The skull of
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
41:
38:245–230
34:
33:Late Triassic
30:
22:
19:
3836:
3761:Choristodera
3726:Paraphyletic
3713:
3703:
3693:
3683:
3673:
3663:
3653:
3643:
3633:
3623:
3613:
3602:Nomina dubia
3600:
3588:
3578:
3568:
3560:Palaeosaurus
3558:
3550:Tecovasaurus
3548:
3538:
3530:Crosbysaurus
3528:
3483:
3446:crocodilians
3440:Pseudosuchia
3429:Pseudosuchia
3387:
3376:
3363:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3253:
3238:
3228:
3218:
3210:Litorosuchus
3208:
3198:
3188:
3178:
3141:
3136:Shansisuchus
3134:
3127:
3120:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3068:
3061:
3037:
3031:Tsylmosuchus
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2993:
2986:
2963:
2953:
2943:
2933:
2922:
2912:
2902:
2839:
2791:
2784:
2708:
2698:
2687:
2677:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2578:
2572:Fuyuansaurus
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2529:
2522:
2501:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2471:
2465:Fuyuansaurus
2463:
2456:
2449:
2428:
2399:
2391:Rhombopholis
2389:
2379:
2369:
2359:
2349:
2339:
2328:
2320:Czatkowiella
2318:
2308:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2054:
2050:
1994:
1990:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1853:
1852:
1838:Pseudosuchia
1836:
1835:
1807:
1806:
1776:
1775:
1741:
1740:
1715:
1714:
1698:
1697:
1667:
1666:
1653:
1631:
1630:
1616:Doswelliidae
1614:
1613:
1597:
1596:
1580:
1579:
1556:
1555:
1532:
1531:
1508:
1507:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1381:
1380:
1366:Pseudosuchia
1364:
1363:
1335:
1334:
1311:
1310:
1269:
1268:
1252:
1251:
1235:
1234:
1211:
1210:
1197:
1174:
1172:
1142:Doswelliidae
1140:
1139:
1123:
1122:
1092:
1091:
1068:
1067:
1051:
1050:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1001:
942:
908:
907:
891:
890:
867:
866:
815:
814:
798:
797:
774:
773:
761:
731:
730:
714:
713:
683:
682:
659:
658:
632:nomen dubium
630:
626:
623:shageduensis
622:
619:
615:
611:
608:shageduensis
607:
600:
596:
594:
587:
583:
579:
569:
565:
561:
558:phylogenetic
549:
545:
543:
523:
519:
515:
499:
495:
491:
490:
485:
475:
469:
465:
459:
455:cursoriality
436:
430:
428:
421:
403:
397:
393:
390:polyphyletic
382:paraphyletic
368:
366:
346:phylogenetic
338:Pseudosuchia
330:South Africa
322:Robert Broom
315:
285:
284:
273:
263:
253:
229:
210:
197:
184:
121:
24:Euparkeriids
18:
3745:Thecodontia
3715:Wangisuchus
3695:Microcnemus
3675:Fenhosuchus
3665:Exilisuchus
3655:Collilongus
3645:Blomosuchus
3625:Ankistrodon
3580:Uatchitodon
3355:Archosauria
3343:Phytosauria
3332:Phytosauria
3200:Heteropelta
3159:Eucrocopoda
3143:Uralosaurus
3100:Chalishevia
3010:Jaikosuchus
2988:Archosaurus
2904:Antarctanax
2679:Boreopricea
2609:Macrocnemus
2551:Amotosaurus
1823:Archosauria
1809:Phytosauria
1351:Archosauria
1337:Phytosauria
944:Archosauria
893:Smilosuchus
855:Phytosauria
627:Wangisuchus
618:. However,
508:exoccipital
438:Dongusuchus
412:Description
388:(making it
326:Karoo Basin
297:carnivorous
217:Eucrocopoda
3945:Categories
3685:Megacnemus
3615:Albisaurus
3519:Tooth taxa
3319:Crurotarsi
3277:Osmolskina
3263:Euparkeria
3240:Vancleavea
3190:Dorosuchus
3114:Fugusuchus
3070:Triopticus
3063:Kranosaura
3003:Gamosaurus
2935:Kalisuchus
2924:Eorasaurus
2914:Cuyosuchus
2813:see below↓
2793:Prolacerta
2786:Kadimakara
2616:Raibliania
2602:Luxisaurus
2565:Cosesaurus
2451:Austronaga
2416:Tanysauria
2341:Elessaurus
2252:see below↓
2231:Sauropsida
2216:Sauropsida
2173:Sauropsida
1942:References
1476:Osmolskina
1028:Dorosuchus
1024:Euparkeria
1016:Osmolskina
869:Parasuchus
776:Euparkeria
685:Vancleavea
616:Euparkeria
566:Euparkeria
562:Osmolskina
546:Euparkeria
534:m. triceps
516:Osmolskina
496:Osmolskina
492:Euparkeria
486:Osmolskina
482:osteoderms
477:Osmolskina
466:Euparkeria
432:Dorosuchus
369:Euparkeria
362:pterosaurs
342:archosaurs
265:Osmolskina
255:Euparkeria
3590:Zanclodon
3444:includes
3415:includes
3180:Asperoris
3122:Garjainia
3039:Vonhuenia
2710:Teyujagua
2662:Crocopoda
2488:Pectodens
2159:Kingdom:
2071:2054-5703
1963:: 35–48.
1004:parsimony
637:cladogram
447:cynodonts
358:dinosaurs
324:from the
295:of small
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
3846:Wikidata
3812:Category
2182:Diapsida
2167:Chordata
2165:Phylum:
2161:Animalia
2089:27069658
2023:25469319
1997:: e658.
1481:polytomy
1008:Bayesian
635:. Their
595:Sookias
544:Besides
532:for the
451:ossified
396:but not
304:Triassic
223:Family:
178:Reptilia
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
3928:5507185
3905:4129983
3879:4817554
3866:6888090
3852:Q946970
2171:Class:
2080:4821269
2014:4250070
1825:
1656:
1497:
1353:
1200:
1179:
1040:
530:scapula
506:on the
308:Anisian
290:extinct
243:Genera
174:Class:
3925:uBio:
3892:116292
3728:groups
3635:Avipes
2524:Ozimek
2191:Sauria
2087:
2077:
2069:
2021:
2011:
1821:
1652:
1349:
1196:
1173:
1018:, and
614:, and
597:et al.
586:, and
554:Poland
474:, and
312:bipeds
293:family
288:is an
237:, 1920
3918:38239
3887:IRMNG
3417:birds
2196:Clade
2187:Clade
2178:Clade
1991:PeerJ
576:China
374:clade
235:Huene
211:Clade
198:Clade
185:Clade
3874:GBIF
3438:see
3409:see
3389:Smok
3341:see
3300:see
2759:see
2733:see
2229:see
2085:PMID
2067:ISSN
2019:PMID
1473:and
1006:and
625:and
494:and
360:and
46:PreꞒ
3861:EoL
2075:PMC
2059:doi
2009:PMC
1999:doi
1965:doi
1961:379
328:of
3947::
3915::
3902::
3889::
3876::
3863::
3848::
2198::
2189::
2180::
2083:.
2073:.
2065:.
2053:.
2049:.
2031:^
2017:.
2007:.
1993:.
1989:.
1977:^
1959:.
1026:.
1014:,
610:,
582:,
536:.
518:,
468:,
457:.
441:,
435:,
213::
200::
187::
96:Pg
40:Ma
35:,
31:-
3711:†
3701:†
3691:†
3681:†
3671:†
3661:†
3651:†
3641:†
3631:†
3621:†
3611:†
3586:†
3576:†
3566:†
3556:†
3546:†
3536:†
3526:†
3385:†
3381:?
3374:†
3329:†
3288:†
3251:†
3236:†
3226:†
3216:†
3206:†
3196:†
3186:†
3176:†
3117:?
3081:†
3051:†
3042:?
3034:?
2998:?
2976:†
2961:†
2951:†
2941:†
2931:†
2927:?
2920:†
2910:†
2900:†
2778:?
2773:†
2747:†
2721:†
2706:†
2696:†
2692:?
2685:†
2675:†
2648:?
2626:?
2583:?
2575:?
2516:?
2498:?
2476:?
2468:?
2433:?
2413:†
2397:†
2387:†
2377:†
2367:†
2357:†
2347:†
2337:†
2333:?
2326:†
2316:†
2306:†
2135:e
2128:t
2121:v
2091:.
2061::
2055:3
2025:.
2001::
1995:2
1971:.
1967::
605:"
601:"
591:.
271:†
261:†
251:†
227:†
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
