400:
most cost-effective ways. However, an undertaking which is dominant in one product market can harm consumer benefit through tying by foreclosing the market for other products. The commission's findings showed that
Microsoft had tied its Windows Media Player to its personal computer operating system. There was serious evidence to point out that Microsoft advertised Windows Media Player as a standalone product to be downloaded by itself, it was designed to work with competitors' operating systems, and there was a separate licensing agreement for the media player. Alden F. Abbott (U.S. Federal Trade Commission), while visiting the Center for Competition Law and Policy at the University of Oxford, in his paper on "A Brief comparison of European and American Antitrust Law" talked about the early intervention of the European enforcers in regard to bundling/tying practices which conforms to the idea about the European Union and its concern for false negatives. He states that bundling carried out by a dominant firm is likely to be found more concerning by the EU than the American enforcers.
404:, the then Commissioner for EU Competition Policy, stated that Microsoft had continued to abuse its powerful market position and hindering innovation by charging extraordinary royalties to companies for providing crucial data to computer users around the world. She also goes on to state that main aim of the competition policy is to avoid consumer harm and to produce consumer benefits. However, the Assistant Attorney General at that time for Antitrust, R. Hewitt Pate issued a statement on the EC's decision in its Microsoft investigation. He commented that the US antitrust laws are enforced to protect the consumers by protecting the competition, not competitors. The commission's guidance on
453:
new versions of
Windows that do not include certain multimedia technologies and to provide our competitors with specifications for how to implement certain proprietary Windows communications protocols in their own products. The Commission’s impact on product design may limit our ability to innovate in Windows or other products in the future, diminish the developer appeal of the Windows platform, and increase our product development costs. The availability of licenses related to protocols and file formats may enable competitors to develop software products that better mimic the functionality of our own products which could result in decreased sales of our products.
200:
contained the
Windows operating system. Microsoft reached a settlement in 1994, ending some of its license practices, specifically "charging royalties on a 'per processor' basis", which allowed Microsoft to be paid without providing a product and caused systems bundling other software (such as Novell's DOS 7.0) to be more expensive due to the alternative system software incurring an extra cost on top of the Microsoft licensing fee. Additionally, Microsoft agreed to stop requiring that software developers sign non-disclosure agreements preventing them from developing applications simultaneously for Microsoft and non-Microsoft platforms.
183:
413:, the commission found out that customers were unable to buy Windows without WMP, and they install any alternative software alongside WMP. Microsoft argues that customers need not use it and that they did not have to pay extra for it. Microsoft argues that tying of WMP allowed the consumers to have their personal computers running with default options, out of the box, which lowered the transaction cost by reducing time and confusion.
421:. Microsoft was also restricted from giving discounts to customers who were buying the operating system together with WMP, which would restrict the user's choice to select the version without the player, and the unbundled version had to have similar performance with the bundled version. Richard Whish in his textbook goes on to say that the way in which Article 102 has been construed, has led academic commentators to compare it with
433:
while the commission has to pay 20% of the legal costs of
Microsoft. However, the appeal court rejected the Commission ruling that an independent monitoring trustee should have unlimited access to internal company organization in the future. On 22 October 2007, Microsoft announced that it would comply and not appeal the decision any more, and Microsoft did not appeal within the required two months as of 17 November 2007.
3189:
42:
380:(2004) which was about refusal to supply. The US Supreme Court stated that it had to include a realistic comparison between the costs and the benefits of antitrust intervention. It stated that mistaken conclusions and false condemnations are very costly and that they negate the purpose which antitrust laws are designed to protect. In the EU, the case relevance is
279:
472:
crackdown on
Microsoft and warned "The judgment confirms that the imposition of such penalty payments remains an important tool at the commission’s disposal." He also claimed that the Commission's actions against Microsoft had allowed "a range of innovative products that would otherwise not have seen the light of day" to reach the market.
354:
October 2005, from a shortlist put forward by
Microsoft, believes that the decision clearly outlines what Microsoft is required to do. I must say that I find it difficult to imagine that a company like Microsoft does not understand the principles of how to document protocols in order to achieve interoperability.
494:
In
January 2009, the European Commission announced it would investigate the bundling of Internet Explorer with Windows operating systems from Microsoft, saying "Microsoft's tying of Internet Explorer to the Windows operating system harms competition between web browsers, undermines product innovation
471:
A spokesperson for
Microsoft said the company was "disappointed with the court's ruling" and felt the company had "resolved competition law concerns" in 2009, making the fine unnecessary. He declined to say whether Microsoft would file an appeal or not. Almunia called the ruling a vindication of the
452:
The
European Commission closely scrutinizes the design of high-volume Microsoft products and the terms on which we make certain technologies used in these products, such as file formats, programming interfaces, and protocols, available to other companies. In 2004, the Commission ordered us to create
432:
On 17 September 2007, Microsoft lost their appeal against the
European Commission's case. The €497 million fine was upheld, as were the requirements regarding server interoperability information and bundling of Media Player. In addition, Microsoft has to pay 80% of the legal costs of the Commission,
219:
Citing ongoing abuse by Microsoft, the EU reached a preliminary decision in the case in 2003 and ordered the company to offer both a version of Windows without Windows Media Player and the information necessary for competing networking software to interact fully with Windows desktops and servers. In
436:
Microsoft announced that it will demand 0.4% of the revenue (rather than 5.95%) in patent-licensing royalties, only from commercial vendors of interoperable software and promised not to seek patent royalties from individual open source developers. The interoperability information alone is available
369:
The second scenario, where the Commission concludes that a behavior by a firm is not abusive (but it is), the firm is left alone to its own devices and to its anti-competitive practices, which may affect the competition process and cause irreparable damages, and ultimately the consumers are harmed.
236:
The next month Microsoft released a paper containing scathing commentary on the ruling including: "The commission is seeking to make new law that will have an adverse impact on intellectual property rights and the ability of dominant firms to innovate." Microsoft paid the fine in full in July 2004.
399:
is a specific type of exclusionary abuse which refers to the situation where customers that purchase one product (the tying product) are also required to purchase another product from the dominant undertaking (the tied product). This is intended to provide the customers with better products in the
365:
On 12 July 2006, the EU fined Microsoft for an additional €280.5 million (US$ 448.58 million), €1.5 million (US$ 2.39 million) per day from 16 December 2005 to 20 June 2006. The EU threatened to increase the fine to €3 million ($ 4.81 million) per day on 31 July 2006 if Microsoft did not comply by
353:
Microsoft has claimed that its obligations in the decision are not clear, or that the obligations have changed. I cannot accept this characterization—Microsoft's obligations are clearly outlined in the 2004 decision and have remained constant since then. Indeed, the monitoring trustee appointed in
440:
On 27 February 2008, the EU fined Microsoft an additional €899 million (US$ 1.44 billion) for failure to comply with the March 2004 antitrust decision. This represented the largest penalty ever imposed in 50 years of EU competition policy until 2009, when the European Commission fined Intel €1.06
416:
The decision highlighted that tying in this particular case would result in foreclosing the competition in this market. There was evidence that even though the other media players were rated higher in quality, WMP's usage increased due to the tying process. The commission ordered that Microsoft
199:
claimed that Microsoft was blocking its competitors out of the market through anti-competitive practices. The complaint centered on the license practices at the time which required royalties from each computer sold by a supplier of Microsoft's operating system, whether or not the unit actually
408:
states that the commission will normally only intervene where the conduct concerned has already been or is capable of hampering competition from competitors which are considered to be as efficient as the dominant undertaking. The commission is mindful that what really matters is protecting an
554:
in February 2011 and remained absent for 14 months despite Microsoft reporting that it was still present, subsequently described by Microsoft as a "technical error". As a result, in March 2013 the European Commission fined Microsoft €561 million to deter companies from reneging on settlement
461:
upheld the fine, but reduced it from €899 million to €860 million. The difference was due to a "miscalculation" by the European Commission. The commission's decision to fine Microsoft was not challenged by the court, saying the company had blocked fair access to its markets. E.U. competition
1190:
384:, in which the Court of Justice laid down limited conditions under which a dominant firm's refusal to license IP to a competitor constitutes an abuse of a dominant position in violation of Article 82 of the Treaty establishing the European Community (now
441:
billion ($ 1.45 billion) for anti-competitive behaviour. This latest decision follows a prior €280.5 million fine for non-compliance, covering the period from 21 June 2006 until 21 October 2007. On 9 May 2008, Microsoft lodged an appeal in the European
232:
381 million), the largest fine ever handed out by the EU at the time, in addition to the previous penalties, which included 120 days to divulge the server information and 90 days to produce a version of Windows without Windows Media Player.
1210:
409:
effective competition process and not simply protecting competitors. This may well mean that competitors who deliver less to consumers in terms of price, choice, quality and innovation will leave the market. With regards to tying of
1187:
462:
commissioner JoaquĂn Almunia has said that such fines may not be effective in preventing anti-competitive behavior and that the commission now preferred to seek settlements that restrict businesses' plans instead. As such,
1455:
376:
426:
405:
385:
1292:
417:
should sell in Europe a full functioning version of Windows without WMP. It also asked Microsoft to refrain from promoting WMP over competitors through Windows or providing selective access to Windows
345:
Service Pack 1 (SP1) to members of its Work Group Server Protocol Program (WSPP) on the day of the original deadline. Microsoft also appealed the case, and the EU had a week-long hearing over it.
1206:
374:', and the European Union Competition Commission is more concerned with this, and it would rather interfere than step back. The US court's fear of false positives was seen in the case of
3228:
495:
and ultimately reduces consumer choice." In response, Microsoft announced that it would not bundle Internet Explorer with Windows 7 E, the version of Windows 7 to be sold in Europe.
167:
over Microsoft's licensing practices in 1993, and eventually resulted in the EU ordering Microsoft to divulge certain information about its server products and release a version of
1250:
475:
The fines will not be distributed to the companies that lost income due to Microsoft practices. The money paid in fines to the European Court goes back into the EU budget.
2013:
1463:
1011:
468:
called the Microsoft decision "a decision that could mark the end of an era in antitrust law in which regulators used big fines to bring technology giants to heel."
3233:
2789:
1284:
1441:
2754:
244:
was appointed the European Commissioner for Competition; one of her first tasks was to oversee the fining brought onto Microsoft. Kroes has stated she believes
3243:
445:
seeking to overturn the €899 million fine, officially stating that it intended to use the action as a "constructive effort to seek clarity from the court".
741:
3248:
3223:
3213:
2692:
2435:
1541:
1267:
572:
2259:
1702:
1156:
1369:
2713:
289:
260:
The Commission must do its part ... It must not rely on one vendor, it must not accept closed standards, and it must refuse to become
1343:
300:
2876:
1790:
960:
882:
1485:
2430:
333:
Microsoft has a compliant version of its flagship operating system without Windows Media Player available under the negotiated name "
2685:
1964:
418:
318:
207:
raised a complaint about the lack of disclosure of some of the interfaces to Windows NT. The case widened when the EU examined how
714:
2742:
2734:
1947:
46:
1309:
2917:
2572:
1758:
1725:
1242:
2649:
2254:
2244:
698:
Commission Decision of 24.03.2004 relating to a proceeding under Article 82 of the EC Treaty (Case COMP/C-3/37.792 Microsoft)
458:
442:
1442:"Antitrust: Commission confirms sending a Statement of Objections to Microsoft on the tying of Internet Explorer to Windows"
370:
As a result of the law being under-inclusive, the firms get away with their anti-competitive practices. This is known as a '
3238:
2619:
2468:
2227:
182:
1719:
2451:
1953:
1122:
824:
502:
box" screen letting users choose one of twelve popular products listed in random order. The twelve browsers were Avant,
425:, which is capable of having negative effects on the competition process, but disagrees by stating that at the heart of
358:
Microsoft stated in June 2006 that it had begun to provide the EU with the requested information, but according to the
2339:
1568:
798:
771:
2816:
2659:
2119:
634:
3218:
2720:
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2159:
912:
745:
371:
115:
697:
3123:
2488:
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1622:
551:
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2727:
2664:
2654:
2184:
1783:
1110:
1085:
2998:
2611:
2237:
539:
1720:
The Court of First Instance's judgment in case T-201/04 Microsoft v Commission & background documents
2993:
2498:
2334:
1935:
1489:
1459:
1012:"A Tale of Two Jurisdictions and an Orphan Case: Antitrust, Intellectual Property, and Refusals to Deal"
851:
668:
498:
On 16 December 2009, the European Union agreed to allow competing browsers, with Microsoft providing a "
293:
that states a Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
144:
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82:
3113:
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3033:
3003:
2958:
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2018:
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172:
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531:
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148:
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2483:
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2189:
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1493:
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1997:
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17:
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1254:
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1194:
989:
Verizon Communications Inc. v. Law Offices of Curtis V. Trinko, LLP (Opinion of the Court)
208:
160:
1626:
987:
3063:
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1991:
1969:
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152:
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2933:
2639:
2513:
2179:
2142:
1930:
1921:
1900:
1859:
1313:
503:
429:, the main objectives of the EU Commission are competition, efficiency, and welfare.
186:
Headquarters of the European Commission, which has imposed several fines on Microsoft
126:
108:
61:
1763:
1652:
1515:
3088:
2978:
2943:
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1986:
1875:
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515:
488:
401:
346:
241:
1427:
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937:
1668:
264:– jeopardizing maintenance of full control over the information in its possession
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2901:
2871:
2856:
2593:
2373:
2102:
2097:
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1747:
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543:
338:
1691:
The Microsoft Antitrust Cases – Competition Policy for the Twenty-first Century
859:
802:
775:
676:
3128:
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N". In response to the server information requirement, Microsoft released the
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828:
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2846:
2836:
2831:
2806:
2600:
2127:
1799:
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767:
664:
156:
41:
1310:"Microsoft's annual report: Open-source mental block | The Open Road"
3153:
2938:
2356:
2232:
1941:
523:
1768:
3143:
3133:
2953:
2779:
2284:
2057:
527:
507:
1188:
Judgment of the court of first instance (Grand Chamber), Case T-201/04
550:. The automatic nature of the BrowserChoice.eu feature was dropped in
3160:
3138:
3053:
2968:
2896:
2826:
2644:
2351:
1268:"European Commission Gives Intel Record Fine for Antitrust Violation"
573:"The Microsoft case by the numbers: comparison between U.S. and E.U."
499:
196:
377:
Verizon Communications Inc. v. Law Offices of Curtis V. Trinko, LLP
3148:
3093:
2217:
1456:"Working to Fulfill our Legal Obligations in Europe for Windows 7"
181:
382:
IMS Health GmbH & Co. OHG v NDC Health GmbH & CO. kg
3165:
2629:
2249:
2109:
916:
855:
594:
221:
1772:
159:
for abuse of its dominant position in the market (according to
66:
Microsoft Corporation v. Commission of the European Communities
2368:
359:
272:
1542:"Windows 7 to be shipped in Europe without Internet Explorer"
1034:"A brief comparison of European and American Antitrust Law"
395:
was whether two distinct products were a subject of a tie.
290:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
483:
In May 2008, the EU announced it was going to investigate
1669:"Microsoft fined by European Commission over web browser"
1569:"European version of Windows 7 will not include browser"
1060:"Speeches and Articles about International Cooperation"
296:
1750:(their lawyer), these people participated in the case
1718:
European Committee for Interoperable Systems (ECIS)
1243:"EU forces Microsoft to cage open source patent dogs"
175:. The European Commission especially focused on the
2762:
2753:
2675:
2610:
2564:
2529:
2444:
2403:
2396:
2307:
2208:
2118:
2038:
2031:
2006:
1979:
1914:
1852:
1831:
1824:
1733:, FSFE have been third-party in the case since 2001
1598:"Windows 7 still baking in oven, insists Microsoft"
114:
104:
96:
88:
78:
70:
60:
53:
34:
2014:Global LGBTQIA+ Employee & Allies at Microsoft
1689:Gavil, Andrew I.; First, Harry (9 December 2014).
1344:"In European Court, a Small Victory for Microsoft"
1207:"Microsoft finally bows to EU antitrust measures"
961:"EU fines Microsoft $ 357.3 million for defiance"
852:"Still 'no demand' for media-player-free Windows"
959:Lawsky, David; Zawadzki, Sabina (12 July 2006).
3229:Court of Justice of the European Union case law
1653:"Microsoft offers browser choices to Europeans"
1410:"EU says to study Microsoft's open-source step"
450:
351:
258:
1784:
448:In its 2008 Annual Report, Microsoft stated:
8:
1746:and Volker Lendecke (Samba developers), and
1285:"Update: Microsoft to appeal $ 1.3B EU fine"
740:Parsons, Michael; Best, Jo (24 March 2004).
437:for a one-time fee of €10,000 (US$ 15,992).
220:March 2004, the EU ordered Microsoft to pay
92:Action for annulment, Appeal against penalty
1726:Microsoft's implementation of the EU ruling
211:technologies were integrated with Windows.
2759:
2400:
2035:
1828:
1791:
1777:
1769:
1370:"Microsoft loses EU antitrust fine appeal"
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
319:Learn how and when to remove this message
1396:"Competition policy and EU institutions"
615:"Deal clears deck for Novell DOS 7.0".
564:
195:In 1993, the American software company
3234:Microsoft criticisms and controversies
883:"Microsoft ups the ante with the E.C."
772:"Microsoft commentary slams EU ruling"
702:Official Journal of the European Union
31:
1627:"Microsoft, EU settle browser uproar"
1444:(Press release). European Commission.
635:"EU looks to wrap up Microsoft probe"
589:Abu-Haidar, Lamia (16 October 1997).
7:
1123:"Commission's Guidance on Microsoft"
1111:Commission's Guidance on Article 102
913:"'No alternative' to Microsoft fine"
717:. CNN. 24 March 2004. Archived from
362:the EU stated that it was too late.
3244:European Union competition case law
1516:"No IE onboard Windows 7 in Europe"
1172:"Microsoft loses anti-trust appeal"
938:"Brussels poised to fine Microsoft"
881:Macehiter, Neil (25 January 2006).
850:Marson, Ingrid (18 November 2005).
742:"EU slaps record fine on Microsoft"
669:"EU closes in on Microsoft penalty"
262:locked into a particular technology
1428:"Microsoft is accused by EU again"
591:"Microsoft investigated in Europe"
163:). It started as a complaint from
25:
1693:. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA:
715:"Microsoft hit by record EU fine"
341:, but not the specifications, to
3188:
3187:
1567:Johnson, Bobbie (12 June 2009).
1197:. 17 September 2007, Luxembourg.
277:
40:
3249:2007 in European Union case law
3224:Computing-related controversies
2918:High Heat Major League Baseball
1596:Fiveash, Kelly (14 July 2009).
1368:Charles Arthur (27 June 2012).
911:Kawamoto, Dawn (12 July 2006).
3214:European Union competition law
2573:Where do you want to go today?
1462:. 11 June 2009. Archived from
1266:Wauters, Robin (13 May 2009).
1:
2620:Bundling of Microsoft Windows
1342:James Kanter (27 June 2012).
140:Microsoft Corp. v. Commission
992:, vol. 540, p. 398
619:. October 1994. p. 208.
546:, which were accessible via
2686:Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft
1486:"Windows 7 Pre-Order Offer"
1151:. Oxford University Press.
799:"Microsoft pays EU in full"
797:Hines, Matt (2 July 2004).
391:The main concern raised in
252:are preferable to anything
147:) is a case brought by the
18:European Union v. Microsoft
3265:
2984:Nokia Devices and Services
2877:Fast Search & Transfer
2817:The Blue Ribbon SoundWorks
2743:Microsoft v. United States
2735:United States v. Microsoft
2250:C/AL a.k.a Navision Attain
3183:
2721:Microsoft v. MikeRoweSoft
1806:
1231:"Appeal deadline is over"
963:. Reuters. Archived from
132:
121:
56:Decided 17 September 2007
39:
2746:(2018 data privacy case)
1731:FSFE's case project page
552:Windows 7 Service Pack 1
2862:Double Fine Productions
2700:Microsoft v. Commission
1253:24 October 2007 at the
1213:24 October 2007 at the
1193:31 January 2009 at the
1147:Whish, Richard (2018).
1086:"Department of Justice"
827:. ZDNet. Archived from
825:"Linux and Open Source"
617:Personal Computer World
576:leconcurrentialiste.com
443:Court of First Instance
47:Court of First Instance
35:Microsoft v. Commission
2999:Obsidian Entertainment
2892:GIANT Company Software
1915:Senior leadership team
1722:. Retrieved 2007-09-21
1398:. European Commission.
1312:. CNET. Archived from
801:. CNET. Archived from
774:. CNET. Archived from
744:. CNET. Archived from
479:Related investigations
455:
393:Microsoft v Commission
356:
299:by rewriting it in an
266:
187:
105:Nationality of parties
2994:Nuance Communications
2738:(2001 antitrust case)
2499:Outercurve Foundation
1936:Carolina Dybeck Happe
1800:Microsoft Corporation
1490:Microsoft Corporation
1460:Microsoft Corporation
1090:Department of Justice
457:On 27 June 2012, the
185:
54:Submitted 7 June 2004
3239:Microsoft litigation
3114:Vermeer Technologies
3049:Revolution Analytics
2959:Massive Incorporated
2929:inXile Entertainment
2714:Microsoft v. Lindows
2160:Open source software
2019:Microsoft and unions
1927:Takeshi Numoto (CMO)
1625:(17 December 2009).
1249:, 24 October 2007.
411:Windows Media Player
173:Windows Media Player
3104:Twisted Pixel Games
3089:Winternals Software
2785:Activision Blizzard
2519:Activision Blizzard
2469:Digital Crimes Unit
1891:Carlos A. Rodriguez
1430:. BBC. 25 May 2018.
1295:25 May 2009 at the
1178:, 17 September 2007
1039:. Oxford University
940:. BBC. 27 June 2006
862:on 17 February 2021
805:on 5 September 2012
778:on 3 September 2012
748:on 7 September 2012
679:on 17 February 2021
645:on 7 September 2012
578:. 10 February 2014.
343:Windows Server 2003
149:European Commission
2852:Consumers Software
2693:Apple v. Microsoft
2452:Engineering groups
2190:Visual Studio Code
1862:(Chairman and CEO)
1853:Board of directors
1348:The New York Times
1221:. 22 October 2007.
831:on 16 October 2009
465:The New York Times
301:encyclopedic style
288:is written like a
188:
3201:
3200:
3179:
3178:
3119:Visio Corporation
2797:Altamira Software
2728:Microsoft v. Shah
2635:Internet Explorer
2587:Mojave Experiment
2560:
2559:
2509:Xbox Game Studios
2392:
2391:
2362:LinkedIn Learning
2340:Developer Network
2027:
2026:
1906:Padmasree Warrior
1759:By eubusiness.com
1737:Groklaw interview
1704:978-0-262-02776-2
1632:The Seattle Times
1496:on 19 August 2012
1316:on 24 August 2012
1158:978-0-19-877906-3
770:(21 April 2004).
667:(6 August 2003).
631:McCullagh, Declan
520:Internet Explorer
329:
328:
321:
169:Microsoft Windows
136:
135:
116:Court composition
16:(Redirected from
3256:
3219:Private case law
3191:
3190:
3019:Playground Games
3014:Perceptive Pixel
2969:Mobile Data Labs
2949:Lionhead Studios
2842:Compulsion Games
2760:
2707:FTC v. Microsoft
2537:Microsoft campus
2401:
2036:
1866:John W. Thompson
1829:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1770:
1708:
1676:
1666:
1660:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1492:. Archived from
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
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1339:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1305:
1299:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1263:
1257:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1204:
1198:
1185:
1179:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1119:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1038:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1007:
1001:
1000:
999:
997:
983:
977:
976:
974:
972:
956:
950:
949:
947:
945:
934:
928:
927:
925:
923:
908:
902:
901:
899:
897:
888:. Archived from
878:
872:
871:
869:
867:
858:. Archived from
847:
841:
840:
838:
836:
821:
815:
814:
812:
810:
794:
788:
787:
785:
783:
764:
758:
757:
755:
753:
737:
731:
730:
728:
726:
721:on 13 April 2006
711:
705:
695:
689:
688:
686:
684:
675:. Archived from
661:
655:
654:
652:
650:
641:. Archived from
627:
621:
620:
612:
606:
605:
603:
601:
586:
580:
579:
569:
548:BrowserChoice.eu
491:format support.
485:Microsoft Office
386:Article 102 TFEU
324:
317:
313:
310:
304:
281:
280:
273:
205:Sun Microsystems
177:interoperability
165:Sun Microsystems
44:
32:
21:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3175:
3099:Tellme Networks
3079:Sunrise Atelier
2907:Groove Networks
2775:Access Software
2749:
2671:
2606:
2556:
2552:Microsoft Japan
2547:Microsoft India
2542:Microsoft Egypt
2525:
2494:.NET Foundation
2440:
2388:
2330:Microsoft Learn
2303:
2210:
2204:
2114:
2023:
2007:Employee groups
2002:
1975:
1910:
1871:John W. Stanton
1848:
1820:
1802:
1797:
1715:
1705:
1688:
1685:
1683:Further reading
1680:
1679:
1667:
1663:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1595:
1594:
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1578:
1566:
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1561:
1551:
1549:
1540:
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1535:
1525:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1466:on 18 June 2009
1454:
1453:
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1435:
1426:
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1329:
1319:
1317:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1297:Wayback Machine
1283:
1279:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1255:Wayback Machine
1241:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1215:Wayback Machine
1205:
1201:
1195:Wayback Machine
1186:
1182:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1149:Competition Law
1146:
1145:
1141:
1131:
1129:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1092:. United States
1083:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1058:Kroes, Neelie.
1057:
1056:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1004:
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993:
985:
984:
980:
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968:
967:on 9 March 2008
958:
957:
953:
943:
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910:
909:
905:
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893:
892:on 30 June 2006
880:
879:
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739:
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734:
724:
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713:
712:
708:
700:. 2 June 2007.
696:
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682:
680:
663:
662:
658:
648:
646:
633:(1 July 2002).
629:
628:
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588:
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583:
571:
570:
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561:
481:
325:
314:
308:
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297:help improve it
294:
282:
278:
271:
228:794 million or
217:
209:streaming media
193:
161:competition law
125:
55:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3177:
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3146:
3141:
3139:WebTV Networks
3136:
3131:
3126:
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3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
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3086:
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3076:
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3064:Secure Islands
3061:
3056:
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3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3009:Pando Networks
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2974:Mojang Studios
2971:
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2317:
2311:
2309:
2308:Web properties
2305:
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2197:
2192:
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2167:
2165:Power Platform
2162:
2157:
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2130:
2124:
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2116:
2115:
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2107:
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2100:
2095:
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2060:
2055:
2050:
2044:
2042:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1992:Richard Rashid
1989:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1970:Kathleen Hogan
1967:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1928:
1925:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1896:Charles Scharf
1893:
1888:
1886:Penny Pritzker
1883:
1881:Sandi Peterson
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1856:
1854:
1850:
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1798:
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1761:
1752:
1751:
1744:Jeremy Allison
1734:
1728:
1723:
1714:
1713:External links
1711:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:. 6 March 2013
1661:
1659:. 1 March 2010
1645:
1614:
1588:
1559:
1548:. 11 June 2009
1533:
1522:. 12 June 2009
1507:
1477:
1447:
1433:
1419:
1416:. 22 May 2008.
1401:
1387:
1360:
1327:
1300:
1289:Computer World
1277:
1258:
1235:
1223:
1199:
1180:
1164:
1157:
1139:
1114:
1103:
1076:
1050:
1024:
1002:
978:
951:
929:
903:
873:
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789:
759:
732:
706:
690:
656:
622:
607:
581:
563:
562:
560:
557:
480:
477:
423:ordoliberalism
372:false negative
327:
326:
285:
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246:open standards
216:
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153:European Union
134:
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106:
102:
101:
98:
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76:
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72:
68:
67:
64:
62:Full case name
58:
57:
51:
50:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3209:
3194:
3186:
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3172:
3171:ZeniMax Media
3169:
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3159:
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2934:Jellyfish.com
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2770:6Wunderkinder
2768:
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2663:
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2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
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2640:Microsoft Bob
2638:
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2628:
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2623:
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2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
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2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:ZeniMax Media
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
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2490:
2489:Retail stores
2487:
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2185:Visual Studio
2183:
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2178:
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2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
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2143:Microsoft 365
2141:
2139:
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2034:
2030:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1998:CĂ©sar Cernuda
1996:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:Corporate VPs
1978:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
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1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1931:Scott Guthrie
1929:
1926:
1923:
1922:Satya Nadella
1920:
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1913:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1901:Emma Walmsley
1899:
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1860:Satya Nadella
1858:
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2979:Ninja Theory
2944:LinkExchange
2916:
2755:Acquisitions
2741:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2296:
2289:
2275:Transact-SQL
2238:Visual Basic
2209:Programming
2048:Azure Kinect
1987:Joe Belfiore
1965:Phil Spencer
1876:Reid Hoffman
1753:
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1648:
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1630:
1623:Chan, Sharon
1617:
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1602:The Register
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347:Neelie Kroes
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287:
269:Significance
259:
242:Neelie Kroes
239:
235:
218:
202:
194:
139:
138:
137:
122:
29:
3109:Undead Labs
3059:ScreenTonic
2912:Havok Group
2902:GreenButton
2887:Forethought
2872:FASA Studio
2790:acquisition
2404:Conferences
2374:Outlook.com
1948:Kevin Scott
1754:Timelines:
1748:Carlo Piana
1740:Georg Greve
1638:17 December
1032:Abbott, A.
427:Article 102
406:Article 102
339:source code
254:proprietary
250:open source
3208:Categories
3129:VoloMetrix
3039:ProClarity
3034:Press Play
2964:Metaswitch
2802:AltspaceVR
2677:Litigation
2462:Skype unit
2384:Translator
2298:Visual J++
2280:TypeScript
2270:PowerShell
1960:Harry Shum
1954:Brad Smith
1844:Paul Allen
1839:Bill Gates
1320:29 January
1272:TechCrunch
1127:Lex Europa
1064:Lex Europa
768:Fried, Ina
665:Fried, Ina
559:References
555:promises.
335:Windows XP
83:62004A0201
27:Legal case
3069:Simplygon
3024:PlaceWare
2847:Connectix
2837:Colloquis
2832:Clipchamp
2807:aQuantive
2763:Completed
2612:Criticism
2601:Scroogled
2580:Champagne
2565:Campaigns
2445:Divisions
2335:Channel 9
2291:Visual J#
2211:languages
2128:Clipchamp
2083:Laptop Go
1695:MIT Press
1084:Pate, R.
309:June 2020
240:In 2004,
203:In 1998,
157:Microsoft
123:President
89:Case type
3193:Category
3154:AppNexus
3084:SwiftKey
3029:Powerset
2939:LinkedIn
2867:Farecast
2603:" (2012)
2596:" (2008)
2594:I'm a PC
2589:" (2006)
2582:" (2002)
2575:" (1994)
2484:Research
2357:LinkedIn
2265:Power Fx
2233:VBScript
2133:Dynamics
2120:Software
2053:HoloLens
2040:Hardware
2032:Products
1942:Amy Hood
1832:Founders
1742:(FSFE),
1673:BBC News
1657:BBC News
1577:. London
1520:BBC News
1376:. London
1293:Archived
1251:Archived
1211:Archived
1191:Archived
1176:BBC News
1010:Fox, E.
986:Scalia,
540:Sleipnir
524:K-Meleon
349:stated:
215:Judgment
171:without
145:T-201/04
74:T-201/04
3144:Xamarin
3134:VXtreme
3004:Onfolio
2954:Maluuba
2924:Hotmail
2882:Firefly
2780:Acompli
2650:Windows
2645:_NSAKEY
2530:Estates
2421:Inspire
2397:Company
2345:TechNet
2325:Copilot
2200:Xbox OS
2195:Windows
2170:Servers
2063:Surface
2058:LifeCam
1816:Outline
1811:History
1764:By FSFE
1607:15 July
1581:15 July
1552:15 July
1526:15 July
1500:15 July
1470:15 July
1414:Reuters
1380:28 June
1353:28 June
1219:Reuters
971:12 July
886:ITworld
528:Maxthon
508:Firefox
295:Please
179:issue.
151:of the
143:(2007;
97:Chamber
79:CelexID
3161:Yammer
3124:Vivaty
3054:RiskIQ
2897:GitHub
2857:Danger
2827:Bungie
2812:Azyxxi
2625:Clippy
2504:Gaming
2474:Garage
2457:Mobile
2436:WinHEC
2416:Ignite
2352:GitHub
2223:VB.NET
2148:Office
2093:Studio
2078:Laptop
1825:People
1701:
1247:itNews
1155:
944:1 July
922:27 May
896:1 July
866:1 July
835:27 May
809:1 July
782:1 July
752:1 July
725:19 May
683:1 July
649:1 July
600:1 July
542:, and
536:Safari
504:Chrome
500:ballot
366:then.
197:Novell
3149:Xandr
3094:Teleo
3074:Skype
2660:Vista
2479:Press
2411:Build
2379:Store
2315:Azure
2218:BASIC
2175:Start
2153:Teams
2138:Havok
1994:(SVP)
1972:(CPO)
1956:(CLO)
1950:(CTO)
1944:(CFO)
1938:(COO)
1924:(CEO)
1132:1 May
1096:1 May
1069:1 May
1043:1 May
1037:(PDF)
1017:1 May
996:1 May
532:Opera
512:Flock
397:Tying
191:Facts
3166:Yupi
3044:Rare
2822:Beam
2630:iLoo
2320:Bing
2260:MVPL
2110:Xbox
1699:ISBN
1640:2009
1609:2009
1583:2009
1554:2009
1528:2009
1502:2009
1472:2009
1382:2012
1355:2012
1322:2011
1153:ISBN
1134:2019
1098:2019
1071:2019
1045:2019
1019:2019
998:2019
973:2006
946:2006
924:2009
917:CNET
898:2006
868:2006
856:CNET
837:2009
811:2006
784:2006
754:2006
727:2006
685:2006
673:CNET
651:2006
639:CNET
602:2006
595:CNET
544:Slim
419:APIs
248:and
71:Case
2989:npm
2431:PDC
2426:MIX
2369:MSN
2228:VBA
2180:Tay
2103:Neo
2098:Duo
2088:Pro
2068:Hub
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