240:
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42:
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has relatively small rounded ears, a wide skull, and a mouth equipped with 42 teeth, including predatory teeth. It has a powerful bone structure and large paws equipped with claws that can grow up to 10 cm (3.9 in) in length. The weight varies depending on habitat and the time of the year. A full-grown male weighs on average between 350 and 500 kg and reaches a maximum weight of 650 kg and length of nearly 2.5 m (8.2 ft). Females typically range between 150 and 300 kg and reaches a maximum weight of 450 kg . They have a lifespan of 20 to 30 years in the wild.
94:
248:
69:
259:
685:
477:(which refers to the global species, not to the Eurasian brown bear specifically), local populations, specifically those in the European Union, are becoming increasingly scarce. As the IUCN itself adds: "Least Concern does not always mean that species are not at risk. There are declining species that are evaluated as Least Concern."
481:
Germany (in the year 1835, although singles wandering from Italy were recorded in 2006 and 2019), Switzerland (in 1904, although a single was seen in 1923 and since 2005 there has been an increasing number of sightings of wanderers from Italy), and
Portugal (in 1843, although a wanderer from Spain was recorded in 2019).
320:
The
Eurasian brown bear has brown fur, which ranges from yellowish-brown to dark brown, red-brown, and almost black in some cases; albinism has also been recorded. The fur is dense to varying degrees and the hair can grow up to 10 cm (3.9 in) in length. The head normally is quite round and
480:
The brown bear has long been extinct in the
British Isles (at least 1,500 years ago, possibly even 3,000 years ago), Denmark (about 6,500 years ago), the Netherlands (about 1,000 years ago, although later singles rarely wandered from Germany), Belgium and Luxembourg, with more recent extinctions in
1627:
Table S2. Brown bear population sizes and change... Recent estimates are for years 2010, 2011, or 2012 and methodologies may vary between countries. pp 9-10 in: Recovery of large carnivores in Europe's modern human-dominated landscapes. Guillaume
Chapron et al. Science 346, 1517 (2014); DOI:
402:
Modern research has made it possible to track the origin of the subspecies. The species to which it belongs developed more than 500,000 years ago, and researchers have found that the
Eurasian brown bear separated about 850,000 years ago, with one branch based in
1327:
Taberlet, P.; Swenson, J.E.; Sandegren, F., F.; Bjärvall, A. (1995). "Conservation genetics of the brown bear (Ursus arctos): localization of a contact zone between two highly divergent mitochondrial DNA lineages in
Scandinavia".
344:
In antiquity, the
Eurasian brown bear was largely carnivorous, with 80% of its diet consisting of animal matter. However, as its habitat increasingly diminished, the portion of meat in its diet decreased with it until by the late
1632:
399:. However, a newer study found that brown bears were present in France and Belgium during the Last Glacial Maximum as well, indicating they were not as restricted to southern refugia as previously thought.
1594:
466:
Brown bears could once be found across most of
Eurasia, compared to the more limited range today. General habitats included areas such as grassland, sparsely vegetated land, and wetlands.
434:
that includes bears of the western and eastern lineages. By analyzing the mtDNA of the southern population, researchers have found that they have probably come from populations in the
1629:
745:
The historic distribution of bears and the impression the
Eurasian brown bear has made on people are reflected in the names of several localities (some notable examples include
360:, Scandinavia only has records of three fatal bear attacks within the last century. However, in late 2019, brown bears killed three men in Romania in just over a month.
585:; these populations are part of two distinct metapopulations: the Carpathian with over 5000 individuals, and the Dinaric-Pindos (Balkans) with around 3000 individuals.
1727:
349:, meat consisted of only 40% of its dietary intake. Today, meat makes up little more than 10–15% of its diet. Whenever possible, the brown bear will consume sheep.
1978:
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357:
1967:
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http://bearproject.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/2014-A180-Chapron-Recovery-of-large-carnivores-in-Europes-modern-human-dominated-landscapes.pdf
2637:
1920:
1056:
1019:
925:
446:(Spain). Bears from these populations spread to southern Scandinavia after the last ice age. The northern bear populations originate in the
2632:
702:
2627:
474:
1910:
1682:
Taberlet, Pierre; Camarra, J.J.; Griffin, S. (1997). "Noninvasive genetic tracking of the endangered
Pyrenean brown bear population".
640:
1806:
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724:
239:
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1831:
1298:
222:
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Bears of this subspecies appear very frequently in the fairy tales and fables of Europe, in particular, tales collected by
2612:
1724:
2617:
1402:
1099:
737:
2566:
2329:
1975:
1465:
Kuijper, W.J.; et al. (2016). "One of the last wild brown bears (Ursus arctos) in the Netherlands (Noordwijk)".
1743:
1608:
1190:"Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphism, Phylogeography, and Conservation Genetics of the Brown Bear Ursus arctos in Europe"
903:
2584:
782:
695:
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338:
2168:
2041:
1964:
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1484:
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304:) has been extensively studied over the years and appears to be geographically structured into five main
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601:
950:
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1201:
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450:/Russian population. Probably their ancestors survived the ice age in the ice-free areas west of the
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820:, Eastern France, and most of Switzerland, and thus appears in tales of various dialects of German.
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2233:
899:
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774:
609:
485:
58:
951:"Ancient DNA evidence for the loss of a highly divergent brown bear clade during historical times"
1707:
1443:
1425:
1252:"Genetic turnovers and northern survival during the last glacial maximum in European brown bears"
1225:
1163:
1072:
Sagør, J.T. (1997). "Compatibility of brown bear Ursus arctos and free-ranging sheep in Norway".
981:
647:
of brown bear persist in small, isolated, and for the most part highly threatened populations in
88:
915:
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1916:
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857:
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499:, where it has now recovered from an all-time low caused by intensive hunting. Populations in
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1209:
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1081:
965:
778:
1403:"The presence of the brown bear Ursus arctos in Holocene Britain: a review of the evidence"
247:
2015:
1982:
1971:
1731:
1655:
1636:
1031:
762:
543:
455:
439:
300:, and colloquially by many other names. The genetic diversity of present-day brown bears (
1379:
1251:
1205:
2084:
2007:
1444:"I forbindelse med et skoleprojekt spørger en læser, hvornår bjørnen uddøde i Danmark?"
1341:
817:
451:
408:
404:
165:
1855:
1085:
632:, which has not hosted a native population since its last bear was shot and killed in
2601:
1711:
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969:
911:
840:
813:
628:. Bears from the aforementioned Italian regions occasionally cross over to bordering
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1302:
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forests; brown bears are also present in smaller numbers in parts of central Asia.
330:
258:
17:
2002:
1936:
754:
1595:"Ega's keegi karda karu, karul mitme mehe aru, jõudu-jaksu ülearu - Postimees.ee"
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2338:
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809:
684:
652:
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it was too cold for the brown bear to survive in Europe except in three places:
381:
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346:
1648:
2410:
2113:
2092:
2038:
1103:
750:
578:
419:(mtDNA), researchers have found that the European family has divided into two
281:
277:
179:
2454:
503:
are similarly, albeit slowly, increasing. They include almost 3,000 bears in
2514:
2264:
2177:
2104:
2072:
935:
334:
145:
105:
1355:
1213:
977:
881:
816:. The European brown bear was once common in Germany and alpine lands like
1703:
1221:
2448:
2060:
798:
790:
668:
656:
621:
589:
547:
539:
527:
435:
125:
50:
2493:
1276:
2532:
2409:
Genetic tests demonstrate this population to have mixed brown bear and
1167:
832:
828:
786:
766:
758:
709: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
633:
613:
582:
566:
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508:
489:
447:
396:
384:
285:
2545:
1881:"Brown bears frequently spotted in Hokkaido, as casualties hit record"
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794:
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597:
574:
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555:
551:
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504:
496:
388:
135:
115:
2425:
1550:
1159:
1034:. www.bearconservation.org.uk (2019-05-14). Retrieved on 2019-07-21.
2519:
588:
There is a small but growing population (at least 70 bears) in the
1669:"Le nombre d'ours dans les Pyrénées a de nouveau augmenté en 2021"
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
920:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 588–589.
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664:
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625:
593:
420:
392:
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309:
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246:
238:
230:
1573:"The brown bear reappears in Portugal after almost two centuries"
917:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
741:
Depiction of a bear on a Roman-era engraved gem found in Britain.
333:
for fighting in arenas. The strongest bears apparently came from
2506:
2078:
802:
746:
648:
412:
155:
2429:
2011:
1997:
608:
in Spain (amounting to around 250 individuals). There are also
1758:"Switzerland's only wild bear is killed as a danger to humans"
678:
1125:"Brown bear attacks: Deaths spark fear in Romania - BBC News"
565:
Small but still significant populations can also be found in
1551:"Bears in Switzerland: They are back, but still a problem"
1832:"Beware of bear: Return of the brown bear to Switzerland"
358:
where an average of two people a year are killed by bears
1912:
Bears of the World: Ecology, Conservation and Management
1194:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
600:, which was once on the edge of extinction, as well as
1856:"Iran arrests man after brown bear is beaten to death"
827:
of Russian (military and political) might. It is also
484:
Globally, the largest population is found east of the
376:, and date back about 500,000 years. It is known from
1960:
1909:
Penteriani, Vincenzo; Melletti, Mario (2020-11-26).
1322:
1320:
2438:
2360:
2312:
2272:
2263:
2226:
2152:
2136:
2103:
1250:Ersmark, Erik; Baryshnikov, Gennady (29 May 2019).
1001:. Dnevnik.hr (2009-10-29). Retrieved on 2011-09-24.
495:The largest brown bear population in Europe is in
1380:"Lost history of brown bears in Britain revealed"
1188:Taberlet, Pierre; Bouvet, J. (22 March 1994).
1150:Pasitschniak-Arts, M. (1993). "Ursus arctos".
2023:
8:
1356:"Brown bear - Ursus arctos - Linnaeus, 1758"
1807:"Bear killed in collision with Swiss train"
1782:"New sighting of brown bear in Bern region"
1485:"Brown bears expected to return to Germany"
1012:The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats
2426:
2309:
2269:
2149:
2133:
2030:
2016:
2008:
761:), as well as personal names—for example,
581:. In 2005, there were an estimated 200 in
67:
40:
31:
1649:Bear Online Information System for Europe
1275:
725:Learn how and when to remove this message
2169:East Siberian brown bear (provisionally
1446:(in Danish). naturguide.dk. 25 July 2018
2402:
873:
522:Large populations can also be found in
1553:. switzerlanding.com. 14 November 2022
1509:. wilderness-society.org. 3 April 2020
823:The bear is traditionally regarded as
427:and the Balkans, the other in Russia.
2330:Peninsular giant bear (provisionally
2160:Kamchatkan brown bear (provisionally
2003:Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe
1042:
1040:
7:
2187:Himalayan brown bear (provisionally
1032:Bear Conservation: Working for Bears
707:adding citations to reliable sources
2608:IUCN Red List least concern species
2368:Stickeen brown bear (provisionally
2234:Marsican brown bear (provisionally
1658:. Kora.ch. Retrieved on 2011-09-24.
1507:"First bear in Germany in 16 years"
475:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2290:California grizzly bear (formerly
1998:Det Skandinaviske Bjørneprosjektet
1609:"V Sloveniji živi veliko medvedov"
1342:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9051255.x
1102:. Tooth & Claw. Archived from
835:, a brown bear is depicted on the
612:totalling around 100 bears in the
329:Eurasian brown bears were used in
25:
2214:Tibetan blue bear (provisionally
2205:Syrian brown bear (provisionally
2196:Ussuri brown bear (provisionally
1756:Smith-Spark, Laura (2013-02-21).
1487:. Deutsche Welle. 6 February 2018
949:Calvignac, S.; Hughes, S (1998).
2243:Cantabrian brown bear (formerly
1696:10.1046/j.1365-294x.1997.00251.x
999:Albino brown bear killed in 2009
970:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03631.x
843:coin, minted from 1993 to 2023.
683:
407:and the other branch in Russia,
368:The oldest fossils are from the
262:A Eurasian brown bear in a pond.
92:
2300:Mexican grizzly bear (formerly
1965:Kuna and Lipa, Coins of Croatia
1744:Quanti orsi ci sono in Italia?
1301:. April 6, 2009. Archived from
1049:L'ours; Histoire d'un roi dechu
1014:. Sterling Pub Co Inc. (1983),
694:needs additional citations for
1915:. Cambridge University Press.
1725:Cuantos osos hay y donde viven
639:Outside Europe and Russia/the
1:
2638:Least concern biota of Europe
1985:. Retrieved on 31 March 2009.
1734:Fundacion Oso Pardo (Spanish)
1086:10.1016/s0006-3207(96)00165-6
2378:Ungava brown bear (formerly
1937:"National animal of Finland"
1887:. 2021-09-22. Archived from
276:) is one of the most common
2633:Least concern biota of Asia
2348:Sitka brown bear (formerly
1047:Pastoureau, Michel (2007).
831:'s national animal; and in
454:, and thereafter spread to
308:based upon analysis of the
2659:
2628:Mammals of the Middle East
1575:. Euromontana. 23 May 2019
415:. Through the research of
284:, and is found in much of
2398:
2178:Gobi bear (provisionally
2049:
1615:Radiotelevizija Slovenija
430:There is a population in
208:
201:
89:Scientific classification
87:
65:
56:
48:
39:
34:
2643:Subspecies of brown bear
1628:10.1126/science.1257553
914:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
592:, on the border between
469:Although included as of
380:studies that during the
288:. It is also called the
1074:Biological Conservation
667:, and on the island of
27:Subspecies of carnivore
2339:Kodiak bear (formerly
1961:Croatian National Bank
1401:O'Regan, H.J. (2018).
1214:10.1098/rspb.1994.0028
742:
532:Bosnia and Herzegovina
263:
255:
244:
236:
2623:Carnivorans of Europe
2322:brown bear (formerly
1786:The Local Switzerland
1746:Bergamopost (Italian)
1256:Ecology and Evolution
740:
659:, parts of northwest
261:
250:
242:
235:A young adult female.
234:
2613:Eurasian brown bears
1639:accessed 17 Jun 2017
1330:Conservation Biology
863:Himalayan brown bear
703:improve this article
606:Cantabrian Mountains
444:Cantabrian Mountains
35:Eurasian brown bear
2618:Carnivorans of Asia
2470:Ursus arctos arctos
2440:Ursus arctos arctos
2138:Eurasian brown bear
2124:Steppe brown bear (
1360:eunis.eea.europa.eu
1206:1994RSPSB.255..195T
1030:Bear Conservation,
906:Ursus arctos arctos
886:eunis.eea.europa.eu
675:Cultural depictions
486:Ural mountain range
290:European brown bear
273:Ursus arctos arctos
268:Eurasian brown bear
243:Cub, 14 months old.
212:Ursus arctos arctos
59:Conservation status
49:An adult female in
18:European brown bear
2370:U. a. stikeenensis
2341:U. a. middendorffi
2292:U. a. californicus
1981:2011-06-04 at the
1970:2009-06-22 at the
1730:2014-04-27 at the
1654:2021-06-14 at the
1635:2020-10-20 at the
1382:. BBC. 4 July 2018
1131:. 21 November 2019
839:of the Croatian 5
743:
602:two subpopulations
515:and around 100 in
442:and Spain and the
264:
256:
245:
237:
2595:
2594:
2432:Taxon identifiers
2423:
2422:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2189:U. a. isabellinus
2162:U. a. beringianus
1922:978-1-108-57875-2
1684:Molecular Ecology
1531:. nationalpark.ch
1422:10.1111/mam.12127
1268:10.1002/ece3.5172
1262:(10): 5891–5905.
1200:(1344): 195–200.
1152:Mammalian Species
1058:978-2-02-021542-8
1020:978-0-85112-235-9
958:Molecular Ecology
927:978-0-8018-8221-0
900:Wozencraft, W. C.
858:Syrian brown bear
853:Bear conservation
735:
734:
727:
425:Iberian Peninsula
417:mitochondrial DNA
294:common brown bear
229:
228:
194:U. a. arctos
82:
16:(Redirected from
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2459:
2458:
2457:
2427:
2414:
2407:
2380:U. a. ungavaesis
2310:
2279:U. a. horribilis
2270:
2245:U. a. pyrenaicus
2236:U. a. marsicanus
2150:
2134:
2032:
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2018:
2009:
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1336:(5): 1255–1261.
1324:
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1310:
1305:on April 6, 2009
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964:(8): 1962–1970.
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530:(around 1,200),
526:(around 6,000),
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2404:
2386:
2356:
2350:U. a. sitkensis
2308:
2277:
2275:
2251:
2222:
2216:U. a. pruinosus
2180:U. a. gobiensis
2141:
2139:
2132:
2116:U. a. crowtheri
2099:
2045:
2036:
1994:
1989:
1983:Wayback Machine
1972:Wayback Machine
1959:
1955:
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1442:
1441:
1437:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1364:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1232:
1187:
1186:
1175:
1160:10.2307/3504138
1149:
1148:
1144:
1134:
1132:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1109:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1051:. p. 419.
1046:
1045:
1038:
1029:
1025:
1009:
1005:
997:
993:
953:
948:
947:
943:
928:
898:
897:
893:
880:
879:
875:
871:
849:
731:
720:
714:
711:
700:
688:
677:
544:North Macedonia
488:, in the large
464:
456:Northern Europe
440:Southern France
366:
327:
318:
225:
216:
210:
197:
183:
91:
83:
72:
68:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2656:
2654:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2600:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2576:
2563:
2550:
2537:
2524:
2511:
2498:
2488:
2475:
2460:
2444:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2374:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2345:
2336:
2327:
2316:
2314:
2307:
2306:
2296:
2285:
2283:
2276:(provisionally
2267:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2240:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2211:
2207:U. a. syriacus
2202:
2198:U. a. lasiotus
2193:
2184:
2175:
2171:U. a. collaris
2166:
2156:
2154:
2147:
2140:(provisionally
2131:
2130:
2120:
2109:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2089:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:or populations
2037:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1993:
1992:External links
1990:
1988:
1987:
1953:
1941:symbolhunt.com
1928:
1921:
1901:
1872:
1847:
1823:
1813:. 9 April 2016
1798:
1773:
1748:
1736:
1717:
1690:(9): 869–876.
1674:
1660:
1641:
1620:
1600:
1586:
1564:
1542:
1520:
1498:
1476:
1457:
1435:
1416:(4): 229–244.
1393:
1371:
1347:
1316:
1290:
1242:
1173:
1142:
1116:
1091:
1080:(1–2): 91–95.
1064:
1057:
1036:
1023:
1003:
991:
941:
926:
891:
882:"Ursus Arctos"
872:
870:
867:
866:
865:
860:
855:
848:
845:
818:Northern Italy
733:
732:
691:
689:
682:
676:
673:
463:
460:
452:Ural Mountains
409:Eastern Europe
405:Western Europe
365:
364:Species origin
362:
326:
323:
317:
314:
254:range (Europe)
227:
226:
217:
206:
205:
203:Trinomial name
199:
198:
191:
189:
185:
184:
180:U. arctos
177:
175:
171:
170:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
85:
84:
66:
63:
62:
57:
54:
53:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2655:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2397:
2383:
2381:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2302:U. a. nelsoni
2297:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2248:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2126:U. a. priscus
2121:
2119:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2040:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1954:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1905:
1902:
1891:on 2022-09-13
1890:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1837:
1836:wwf.panda.org
1833:
1827:
1824:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1671:. April 2022.
1670:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1473:(1–2): 49–64.
1472:
1468:
1461:
1458:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1410:Mammal Review
1404:
1397:
1394:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1304:
1300:
1299:"Bearproject"
1294:
1291:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1243:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1154:(439): 1–10.
1153:
1146:
1143:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1106:on 2007-12-23
1105:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1000:
995:
992:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
952:
945:
942:
937:
933:
929:
923:
919:
918:
913:
912:Wilson, D. E.
909:
907:
901:
895:
892:
887:
883:
877:
874:
868:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
846:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
821:
819:
815:
814:Wilhelm Grimm
811:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
739:
729:
726:
718:
708:
704:
698:
697:
692:This section
690:
686:
681:
680:
674:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
491:
487:
482:
478:
476:
472:
471:Least Concern
467:
461:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
383:
379:
375:
371:
363:
361:
359:
355:
354:North America
350:
348:
342:
340:
336:
332:
324:
322:
315:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:
269:
260:
253:
249:
241:
233:
224:
220:
215:
213:
207:
204:
200:
196:
195:
190:
187:
186:
182:
181:
176:
173:
172:
169:
168:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
95:
90:
86:
80:
75:
74:Least Concern
64:
60:
55:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2439:
2405:
2379:
2369:
2349:
2340:
2331:
2323:
2301:
2291:
2278:
2274:Grizzly bear
2244:
2235:
2215:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2143:U. a. arctos
2142:
2137:
2125:
2115:
2114:Atlas bear (
2093:
2085:
1956:
1944:. Retrieved
1940:
1931:
1911:
1904:
1893:. Retrieved
1889:the original
1884:
1875:
1864:. Retrieved
1862:. 2022-04-26
1859:
1850:
1839:. Retrieved
1835:
1826:
1815:. Retrieved
1810:
1801:
1790:. Retrieved
1788:. 2018-07-05
1785:
1776:
1765:. Retrieved
1761:
1751:
1739:
1720:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1663:
1644:
1623:
1613:
1603:
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1567:
1555:. Retrieved
1545:
1533:. Retrieved
1529:"Brown bear"
1523:
1511:. Retrieved
1501:
1489:. Retrieved
1479:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1448:. Retrieved
1438:
1413:
1409:
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1374:
1363:. Retrieved
1359:
1350:
1333:
1329:
1309:December 27,
1307:. Retrieved
1303:the original
1293:
1281:. Retrieved
1277:10261/213913
1259:
1255:
1245:
1233:. Retrieved
1197:
1193:
1151:
1145:
1133:. Retrieved
1128:
1119:
1108:. Retrieved
1104:the original
1100:"Brown Bear"
1094:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1048:
1026:
1011:
1006:
994:
961:
957:
944:
916:
905:
894:
885:
876:
822:
807:
744:
721:
712:
701:Please help
696:verification
693:
663:and central
638:
587:
564:
521:
501:Baltoscandia
494:
483:
479:
473:on the 2006
468:
465:
462:Distribution
429:
423:—one in the
416:
401:
367:
351:
343:
331:Ancient Rome
328:
319:
302:Ursus arctos
301:
297:
293:
289:
272:
271:
267:
265:
252:Ursus arctos
251:
211:
209:
193:
192:
188:Subspecies:
178:
166:
29:
2541:iNaturalist
2464:Wikispecies
2324:U. a. dalli
2320:Dall Island
1976:5 Kuna Coin
715:August 2022
653:Afghanistan
630:Switzerland
624:regions of
618:South Tyrol
610:populations
511:, 1,100 in
507:, 2,000 in
432:Scandinavia
382:Pleistocene
370:Choukoutien
347:Middle Ages
316:Description
298:common bear
2602:Categories
2411:polar bear
2332:U. a. gyas
2042:subspecies
2039:Brown bear
1895:2022-09-13
1866:2022-09-12
1841:2022-09-12
1817:2022-09-12
1792:2022-09-12
1767:2022-09-12
1579:29 January
1557:29 January
1535:29 January
1513:29 January
1491:29 January
1450:29 January
1386:29 January
1365:2023-05-08
1235:13 January
1110:2008-01-05
869:References
825:the symbol
751:Medvednica
671:in Japan.
634:Graubünden
579:Montenegro
395:, and the
352:Unlike in
282:brown bear
278:subspecies
2413:ancestry.
2361:In Canada
2353:; hybrid)
2313:In Alaska
2265:New World
2227:In Europe
2105:Old World
2091:Species:
2073:Carnivora
2053:Kingdom:
1712:221957298
783:Ursicinus
636:in 1904.
542:(1,100),
538:(1,200),
335:Caledonia
174:Species:
146:Carnivora
112:Kingdom:
106:Eukaryota
2572:14000971
2449:Wikidata
2077:Family:
2067:Mammalia
2061:Chordata
2059:Phylum:
2055:Animalia
1979:Archived
1968:Archived
1860:BBC News
1728:Archived
1652:Archived
1633:Archived
1430:90432256
1230:19876723
986:23361337
978:18363668
936:62265494
902:(2005).
847:See also
799:Medvedev
669:Hokkaido
657:Pakistan
622:Trentino
590:Pyrenees
548:Bulgaria
540:Slovenia
528:Slovakia
490:Siberian
436:Pyrenees
339:Dalmatia
219:Linnaeus
152:Family:
136:Mammalia
126:Chordata
122:Phylum:
116:Animalia
102:Domain:
79:IUCN 3.1
51:Slovenia
2533:7193950
2507:1226247
2455:Q839769
2153:In Asia
2083:Genus:
2079:Ursidae
2071:Order:
2065:Class:
1704:9301075
1222:8022838
1202:Bibcode
1168:3504138
1135:July 4,
837:reverse
833:Croatia
829:Finland
787:Orsolya
767:Bernard
759:Ayu-Dag
614:Abruzzo
604:in the
583:Ukraine
567:Albania
560:Georgia
536:Croatia
524:Romania
513:Estonia
509:Finland
448:Finnish
397:Balkans
385:ice age
325:History
286:Eurasia
280:of the
162:Genus:
156:Ursidae
142:Order:
132:Class:
77: (
2585:563924
2559:202383
2546:147154
2520:URSUAR
2491:ECOS:
2094:arctos
1946:3 July
1919:
1710:
1702:
1428:
1283:24 May
1228:
1220:
1166:
1055:
1018:
1010:Wood,
984:
976:
934:
924:
801:, and
795:Nedved
775:Ursula
771:Arthur
755:Otepää
645:clades
598:France
575:Serbia
571:Greece
558:, and
556:Turkey
552:Poland
517:Norway
505:Sweden
497:Russia
421:clades
389:Russia
306:clades
2484:5LPWN
2086:Ursus
1708:S2CID
1467:Lutra
1426:S2CID
1406:(PDF)
1226:S2CID
1164:JSTOR
982:S2CID
954:(PDF)
910:. In
810:Jakob
791:Björn
763:Xiong
665:China
661:India
626:Italy
594:Spain
393:Spain
378:mtDNA
374:China
310:mtDNA
167:Ursus
2580:NCBI
2554:ITIS
2528:GBIF
2515:EPPO
2494:4968
1948:2023
1917:ISBN
1700:PMID
1581:2023
1559:2023
1537:2023
1515:2023
1493:2023
1452:2023
1388:2023
1311:2016
1285:2024
1237:2015
1218:PMID
1137:2020
1053:ISBN
1016:ISBN
974:PMID
932:OCLC
922:ISBN
841:kuna
812:and
803:Otso
757:and
747:Bern
649:Iran
620:and
596:and
577:and
413:Asia
411:and
337:and
266:The
223:1758
2567:MSW
2502:EoL
2479:CoL
1762:CNN
1692:doi
1418:doi
1338:doi
1272:hdl
1264:doi
1210:doi
1198:255
1156:doi
1129:BBC
1082:doi
966:doi
779:Urs
705:by
641:CIS
438:in
2604::
2582::
2569::
2556::
2543::
2530::
2517::
2504::
2481::
2466::
2451::
1974::
1963:.
1939:.
1883:.
1858:.
1834:.
1809:.
1784:.
1760:.
1706:.
1698:.
1686:.
1471:59
1469:.
1424:.
1414:48
1412:.
1408:.
1358:.
1332:.
1319:^
1270:.
1258:.
1254:.
1224:.
1216:.
1208:.
1196:.
1192:.
1176:^
1162:.
1127:.
1078:81
1076:.
1039:^
980:.
972:.
962:17
960:.
956:.
930:.
884:.
805:.
797:,
793:,
789:,
785:,
781:,
777:,
773:,
769:,
765:,
753:,
749:,
655:,
651:,
643:,
616:,
573:,
569:,
562:.
554:,
550:,
546:,
534:,
519:.
458:.
391:,
372:,
356:,
341:.
312:.
296:,
292:,
221:,
2382:)
2376:†
2372:)
2343:)
2334:)
2326:)
2304:)
2298:†
2294:)
2288:†
2281:)
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