794:
809:
839:
824:
873:
854:
1605:
209:
31:
80:
3049:
55:
559:
469:
620:
702:
habitats. Due to the relative ease with which diet samples can be collected from this species (regurgitated food or pellets) and the perceived conflict between the
Phalacrocoracidae and fisheries, shag diet competition has been the subject of substantial scientific interest. Evidence collected at one
711:. Shags also feed on fewer sandeel on windy days, presumably due to the strong effect of wind on flight in this species. The year-round diet of full-grown shags at this colony has also changed over the past 3 decades, from sandeel specialists to an increasingly diverse prey base.
541:. Among those differences are that a shag is smaller and has a lighter, narrower beak, and the juvenile shag has darker underparts. The European shag's tail has 12 feathers, as do the great cormorant's 14 feathers. The green sheen on the feathers results in the alternative name
1624:
447:
The subspecies differ slightly in bill size and the breast and leg colour of young birds. Recent evidence suggests that birds on the
Atlantic coast of southwest Europe are distinct from all three, and may be an as-yet undescribed subspecies.
533:, 68 to 78 cm (27 to 31 in) long and with a 95-to-110-centimetre (37 to 43 in) wingspan. It has a longish tail and a yellow throat patch. Adults have a small crest in the breeding season. It is distinguished from the
647:
793:
690:
and so they rely totally on their parents for warmth, often for a period of two months before they can fly. Fledging may occur at any time from early June to late August, exceptionally to mid-October.
659:
In UK coastal waters, dive times are typically around 20 to 45 seconds, with a recovery time of around 15 seconds between dives; this is consistent with aerobic diving, i.e. the bird depends on the
651:
648:
1536:
3304:
872:
3343:
3542:
650:
2441:
1494:
Howells, Richard J.; Burthe, Sarah J.; Green, Jonathan A.; Harris, Michael P.; Newell, Mark A.; Butler, Adam; Wanless, Sarah; Daunt, Francis (2018-11-21).
808:
1349:"Dietary changes of Mediterranean Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii between the breeding and post-breeding seasons in the upper Adriatic Sea"
1204:
3488:
3265:
3317:
838:
823:
1312:
Harris, M. P.; Wanless, S. (1991). "The
Importance of the Lesser Sandeel Ammodytes marinus in the Diet of the Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis".
363:
853:
3369:
1398:"From days to decades: short- and long-term variation in environmental conditions affect offspring diet composition of a marine top predator"
1024:
3562:
1674:
3278:
606:
516:
1129:
1270:"Diets of shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis and cormorants P carbo in Norway and possible implications for gadoid stock recruitment"
1233:
Snow, Barbara (1960-10-01). "The
Breeding Biology of the Shag Phalacrocorax Aristotelis on the Island of Lundy, Bristol Channel".
3557:
3501:
3434:
2419:
719:
The
European shag can be readily seen among the following locations during the breeding season, between late April and mid-July:
627:
It feeds in the sea, and, unlike the great cormorant, is rare inland. It will winter along any coast that is well-supplied with
3226:
2434:
707:, Scotland, between 1985 and 2014, suggests that shag chick diet composition in this population has diversified in response to
537:
by its smaller size, lighter build, thinner bill, and, in breeding adults, by the crest and metallic green-tinged sheen on the
1576:
584:
580:
494:
490:
3322:
3330:
3174:
3106:
732:
639:
feeders, i.e. they find their prey on the sea bottom. They will eat a wide range of fish but their commonest prey is the
682:. The nesting season is long, beginning in late February but some nests are not started until May or even later. Three
3426:
3151:
158:
569:
479:
3048:
3547:
3348:
3244:
2427:
3283:
1396:
Howells, RJ; Burthe, SJ; Green, JA; Harris, MP; Newell, MA; Butler, A; Johns, DG; Carnell, EJ; Wanless, S (2017).
674:
It breeds on coasts, nesting on rocky ledges or in crevices or small caves. The nests are untidy heaps of rotting
588:
573:
498:
483:
3257:
2117:
1594:
79:
3552:
2252:
2147:
1667:
1616:
1137:
3519:
1760:
281:. It breeds around the rocky coasts of western and southern Europe, southwest Asia and north Africa, mainly
1496:"Pronounced long-term trends in year-round diet composition of the European shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis"
1212:
3138:
3068:
2127:
1611:
1044:
944:
1580:
649:
3395:
3156:
2333:
2188:
2122:
1770:
1765:
343:
181:
2214:
1183:
921:
635:, European shags recorded diving up to 61 m (200 ft) deep. European shags are preponderantly
3506:
3006:
3439:
3213:
3120:
2302:
2262:
2232:
1409:
1284:
671:
during the dive. When they dive, they jump out of the water first to give extra impetus to the dive.
2257:
2224:
2023:
1927:
1660:
409:
208:
44:
2698:
30:
3413:
3026:
2922:
2549:
2539:
2400:
2152:
1780:
1437:
Lewis, Sue; Phillips, Richard A.; Burthe, Sarah J.; Wanless, Sarah; Daunt, Francis (2015-11-01).
1378:
1329:
991:"Annotated List of the Seabirds of the World - Boobies, Cormorants, Frigatebirds and Tropicbirds"
421:
236:
74:
3400:
2932:
2674:
2609:
3309:
2989:
2962:
2766:
2732:
2620:
3382:
3187:
2662:
2375:
2219:
2173:
2097:
1897:
1854:
1775:
1642:
1517:
1476:
1458:
1370:
1250:
1064:
1020:
972:
964:
3387:
2972:
2942:
2328:
2178:
2132:
2050:
1954:
1874:
1807:
1705:
1507:
1466:
1450:
1417:
1360:
1321:
1292:
1242:
1056:
956:
916:
830:
3452:
3421:
3143:
1652:
3356:
2749:
2183:
2142:
2013:
1917:
1683:
1585:
1160:"European shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) - MarLIN - The Marine Life Information Network"
760:
728:
534:
272:
898:
779:
1604:
1439:"Contrasting responses of male and female foraging effort to year-round wind conditions"
1413:
1288:
1269:
451:
The name shag is also used in the
Southern Hemisphere for several additional species of
330:, but a 2014 study found it to be significantly more diverged than the clade containing
3252:
3239:
3016:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2193:
2137:
2102:
2018:
1859:
1471:
1438:
1246:
1082:
720:
354:
286:
282:
1347:
Cosolo, Mauro; Privileggi, Nicoletta; Cimador, Barbara; Sponza, Stefano (2011-11-01).
3536:
2797:
2739:
2369:
2359:
2354:
2088:
907:
756:
724:
708:
438:
403:
332:
326:
198:
64:
59:
1382:
3192:
3179:
2979:
2952:
2871:
2864:
2806:
2783:
2756:
2651:
2349:
2339:
2293:
2112:
1864:
1630:
687:
636:
631:. The European shag is one of the deepest divers among the cormorant family. Using
3166:
3479:
1365:
1348:
1103:
990:
3408:
3335:
3291:
3231:
3100:
3033:
2878:
2820:
2722:
2599:
2451:
2380:
2364:
2243:
1922:
1879:
1869:
1751:
1701:
1060:
960:
704:
643:. Shags will travel many kilometres from their roosting sites in order to feed.
632:
558:
468:
348:
310:
1159:
3447:
2857:
2848:
2705:
2688:
2632:
2579:
2560:
2515:
2500:
2494:
2344:
2313:
2164:
1687:
1646:
1512:
1495:
740:
390:
131:
3091:
1521:
1462:
1374:
1254:
1068:
968:
2912:
2834:
2715:
2589:
2459:
2322:
2107:
2046:
1454:
452:
427:
313:
268:
141:
91:
1480:
976:
619:
3473:
3085:
2996:
2813:
2482:
1637:
1537:"Naissance exceptionnelle à Monaco: huit cormorans huppés ont vu le jour"
860:
800:
764:
736:
683:
640:
111:
3130:
3514:
3493:
3361:
3270:
3115:
2900:
2885:
2681:
2641:
2569:
2463:
2273:
2074:
2008:
1985:
1831:
1803:
1737:
1333:
1297:
845:
752:
748:
699:
675:
538:
290:
1422:
1397:
2827:
2476:
1999:
1950:
1908:
864:
772:
768:
660:
101:
3296:
3205:
3062:
1325:
1564:
3200:
2773:
2488:
2455:
2205:
2063:
1974:
1958:
1845:
1820:
1726:
1709:
744:
679:
668:
645:
618:
338:
302:
298:
3218:
698:
The shag is a pursuit-diving seabird that feeds predominantly in
3374:
771:, Croatia. In April 2017, eight new European shags were born in
664:
628:
530:
121:
3066:
2513:
2423:
2044:
1948:
1801:
1699:
1656:
552:
462:
426:: found in southern Europe, southwest Asia (Mediterranean and
285:
in its breeding range except for the northernmost birds. In
782:, Spain, with 2,500 pairs (25% of the world's population).
324:
The
European shag was formerly classified within the genus
1571:
1314:
878:
European shags in breeding plumage, Snæfellsnes, Iceland
1102:
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela (eds.).
1268:
Barrett, RT; Rov, N; Loen, J; Montevecchi, WA (1990).
412:, found in northwestern Europe (Atlantic Ocean coasts)
3022:
3012:
3002:
2985:
2968:
2958:
2948:
2938:
2928:
2918:
2908:
2845:
2794:
2779:
2762:
2745:
2728:
2711:
2694:
2670:
2647:
2615:
2605:
2595:
2585:
2575:
2545:
2535:
2229:
1104:"Storks, frigatebirds, boobies, cormorants, darters"
799:
Composite image of the bird jumping into the sea in
3463:
3075:
2899:
2844:
2793:
2661:
2631:
2559:
2526:
2311:
2291:
2271:
2241:
2203:
2162:
2086:
2062:
1997:
1973:
1906:
1888:
1843:
1819:
1749:
1725:
1043:Kennedy, Martyn; Spencer, Hamish G. (2014-10-01).
943:Kennedy, Martyn; Spencer, Hamish G. (2014-10-01).
922:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696894A133538524.en
1045:"Classification of the cormorants of the world"
945:"Classification of the cormorants of the world"
778:The largest colony of European shags is in the
1019:. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 55, 301.
378:clade between 9.0–11.2 million years ago
2435:
1668:
1184:"green cormorant - Oxford English Dictionary"
1130:"Which subspecies of Shag occurs in Galicia?"
1128:Yésou, P.; Buchheim, A.; Bermejo, A. (2005).
678:or twigs cemented together by the bird's own
8:
1017:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
545:sometimes being given to the European shag.
587:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
497:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
358:, and thus classified it in its own genus,
3063:
2841:
2523:
2510:
2442:
2428:
2420:
2068:
2059:
2041:
1979:
1970:
1945:
1825:
1816:
1798:
1731:
1722:
1696:
1675:
1661:
1653:
1603:
207:
53:
29:
20:
1511:
1470:
1421:
1364:
1296:
1083:"Taxonomic Updates – IOC World Bird List"
920:
607:Learn how and when to remove this message
517:Learn how and when to remove this message
655:European Shag dives to 18 m. for hunting
3284:european-shag-phalacrocorax-aristotelis
889:
789:
366:followed this classification in 2021.
1049:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
949:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
686:are laid. Their chicks hatch without
293:is usually referred to as simply the
7:
3520:8B0B1B2D-EC64-4C8E-89C7-F8AC53A85A1C
3258:e9c484ce-1149-4df6-acd8-0ae811bd19d3
2372:(imperial cormorant, blue-eyed shag)
1154:
1152:
1038:
1036:
585:adding citations to reliable sources
495:adding citations to reliable sources
3543:IUCN Red List least concern species
1572:Joint Nature Conservation Committee
908:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1247:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1960.tb07132.x
443:: found in northwest African coast
370:is thought to have split from the
14:
1643:Audio recordings of European shag
1535:Verdi, Laurent (April 12, 2017).
3047:
1577:Phalacrocorax aristotelis Stamps
871:
852:
837:
822:
807:
792:
557:
467:
78:
1586:BirdLife species factsheet for
897:BirdLife International (2018).
271:. It is the only member of the
1402:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1277:Marine Ecology Progress Series
305:for glutton. The species name
1:
529:This is a medium-large black
1771:Christmas Island frigatebird
1627:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1366:10.1080/00063657.2011.603290
3563:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1625:European shag photo gallery
1595:"Phalacrocorax aristotelis"
1061:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.020
961:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.020
3579:
3453:Phalacrocorax-aristotelis
3107:Phalacrocorax aristotelis
3077:Phalacrocorax aristotelis
3045:
2522:
2509:
2471:
2071:
2058:
2040:
1982:
1969:
1944:
1828:
1815:
1797:
1734:
1721:
1695:
1633:Phalacrocorax aristotelis
1631:Interactive range map of
1588:Phalacrocorax aristotelis
1567:Phalacrocorax aristotelis
1513:10.1007/s00227-018-3433-9
1443:Journal of Animal Ecology
1015:Jobling, James A (2010).
915:: e.T22696894A133538524.
245:Phalacrocorax aristotelis
242:
235:
215:
206:
187:
180:
75:Scientific classification
73:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
2466:and their extinct allies
2253:Double-crested cormorant
2148:White-breasted cormorant
1617:Internet Bird Collection
346:to the clade containing
38:European shag on a rock
3558:Birds described in 1761
2196:(long-tailed cormorant)
1761:Magnificent frigatebird
1455:10.1111/1365-2656.12419
844:Young European shag in
309:commemorates the Greek
2325:(Magellanic cormorant)
2155:(Temminck's cormorant)
2128:Little black cormorant
1690:(Phalacrocoraciformes)
995:www.oceanwanderers.com
656:
624:
301:name derives from the
3465:Pelecanus aristotelis
3396:Paleobiology Database
2334:New Zealand king shag
2189:Little pied cormorant
2123:Black-faced cormorant
1766:Ascension frigatebird
1612:"European shag media"
667:and dissolved in its
654:
622:
3253:Fauna Europaea (new)
2303:Red-legged cormorant
2263:Flightless cormorant
2233:Spectacled cormorant
2053:: Phalacrocoracidae)
1957:: Anhingidae ·
1708:: Fregatidae ·
1541:France 3 Côte d'Azur
581:improve this section
491:improve this section
2258:Neotropic cormorant
2225:Red-faced cormorant
2024:Australasian darter
1928:Australasian gannet
1804:Gannets and boobies
1414:2017MEPS..583..227H
1289:1990MEPS...66..205B
1108:IOC World Bird List
901:Gulosus aristotelis
264:Gulosus aristotelis
191:Gulosus aristotelis
173:G. aristotelis
45:Conservation status
2401:South Georgia shag
2336:(rough-faced shag)
2215:Brandt's cormorant
2153:Japanese cormorant
1781:Lesser frigatebird
1638:IUCN Red List maps
1298:10.3354/meps066205
1209:polaris.nipr.ac.jp
763:, Northern Spain;
657:
625:
434:G. a. riggenbachi
416:G. a. desmarestii
267:) is a species of
230: Non-breeding
3548:Phalacrocoracidae
3530:
3529:
3383:Open Tree of Life
3069:Taxon identifiers
3060:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3043:
3042:
2895:
2894:
2663:Phalacrocoracidae
2417:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2376:Heard Island shag
2220:Pelagic cormorant
2174:Crowned cormorant
2098:Socotra cormorant
2082:
2081:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
1993:
1992:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1855:Blue-footed booby
1839:
1838:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1776:Great frigatebird
1745:
1744:
1423:10.3354/meps12343
1026:978-1-4081-2501-4
829:Eggs, Collection
801:Malinska, Croatia
652:
617:
616:
609:
527:
526:
519:
442:
425:
407:
398:G. a. aristotelis
297:. The scientific
251:
250:
162:
142:Phalacrocoracidae
68:
3570:
3523:
3522:
3510:
3509:
3497:
3496:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3456:
3455:
3443:
3442:
3430:
3429:
3417:
3416:
3404:
3403:
3391:
3390:
3378:
3377:
3365:
3364:
3352:
3351:
3339:
3338:
3336:NBNSYS0000000005
3326:
3325:
3313:
3312:
3300:
3299:
3287:
3286:
3274:
3273:
3261:
3260:
3248:
3247:
3235:
3234:
3222:
3221:
3209:
3208:
3196:
3195:
3183:
3182:
3170:
3169:
3160:
3159:
3147:
3146:
3134:
3133:
3124:
3123:
3121:CECC7B264A61BD22
3111:
3110:
3109:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3064:
3051:
3024:
3014:
3007:Prophalacrocorax
3004:
2987:
2970:
2960:
2950:
2940:
2930:
2920:
2910:
2847:
2842:
2796:
2781:
2764:
2747:
2730:
2713:
2696:
2672:
2649:
2617:
2607:
2597:
2587:
2577:
2547:
2537:
2524:
2511:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2421:
2329:Guanay cormorant
2231:
2179:Little cormorant
2133:Indian cormorant
2069:
2060:
2042:
1980:
1971:
1946:
1875:Red-footed booby
1826:
1817:
1799:
1732:
1723:
1697:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1654:
1621:
1607:
1602:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1515:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1474:
1449:(6): 1490–1496.
1434:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1368:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1274:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1211:. Archived from
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1164:www.marlin.ac.uk
1156:
1147:
1146:
1134:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
987:
981:
980:
940:
934:
933:
931:
929:
924:
894:
875:
856:
841:
831:Museum Wiesbaden
826:
811:
796:
653:
612:
605:
601:
598:
592:
561:
553:
522:
515:
511:
508:
502:
471:
463:
437:
419:
401:
389:There are three
229:
223:
211:
193:
157:
83:
82:
62:
57:
56:
33:
21:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3553:Birds of Europe
3533:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3518:
3513:
3505:
3500:
3492:
3487:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3459:
3451:
3446:
3438:
3433:
3425:
3420:
3412:
3407:
3399:
3394:
3386:
3381:
3373:
3368:
3360:
3357:Observation.org
3355:
3347:
3342:
3334:
3329:
3321:
3316:
3308:
3303:
3295:
3290:
3282:
3277:
3269:
3264:
3256:
3251:
3243:
3238:
3230:
3225:
3217:
3212:
3204:
3199:
3191:
3186:
3178:
3173:
3165:
3163:
3155:
3150:
3142:
3137:
3129:
3127:
3119:
3114:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3071:
3061:
3052:
3039:
2891:
2840:
2789:
2657:
2627:
2555:
2518:
2505:
2467:
2448:
2418:
2405:
2307:
2287:
2267:
2237:
2199:
2184:Pygmy cormorant
2158:
2143:Great cormorant
2078:
2054:
2028:
2014:Oriental darter
1989:
1965:
1932:
1918:Northern gannet
1902:
1884:
1835:
1811:
1785:
1741:
1717:
1691:
1681:
1610:
1593:
1581:bird-stamps.org
1561:
1556:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1326:10.2307/3676511
1311:
1310:
1306:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1218:
1216:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1168:
1166:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1014:
1013:
1009:
999:
997:
989:
988:
984:
942:
941:
937:
927:
925:
896:
895:
891:
886:
879:
876:
867:
859:On the nest in
857:
848:
842:
833:
827:
818:
812:
803:
797:
788:
729:Isles of Scilly
717:
696:
646:
613:
602:
596:
593:
578:
562:
551:
543:green cormorant
535:great cormorant
523:
512:
506:
503:
488:
472:
461:
387:
322:
231:
227:
225:
221:
202:
195:
189:
176:
156:
77:
69:
58:
54:
47:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
3576:
3574:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3535:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3511:
3498:
3485:
3469:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3444:
3431:
3418:
3405:
3392:
3379:
3366:
3353:
3340:
3327:
3314:
3301:
3288:
3275:
3262:
3249:
3240:Fauna Europaea
3236:
3223:
3210:
3197:
3184:
3171:
3161:
3148:
3135:
3125:
3112:
3097:
3081:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3030:
3020:
3017:Rhamphastosula
3010:
3000:
2993:
2983:
2976:
2966:
2956:
2946:
2936:
2926:
2916:
2905:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2853:
2851:
2839:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2800:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2777:
2770:
2760:
2753:
2743:
2736:
2726:
2719:
2709:
2702:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2645:
2637:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2613:
2603:
2593:
2583:
2573:
2565:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2543:
2532:
2530:
2528:incertae sedis
2520:
2519:
2514:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2424:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2396:Macquarie shag
2393:
2391:Kerguelen shag
2388:
2386:Antarctic shag
2383:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2326:
2319:
2317:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2299:
2297:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2249:
2247:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2194:Reed cormorant
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2138:Cape cormorant
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2118:Pied cormorant
2115:
2110:
2105:
2103:Bank cormorant
2100:
2094:
2092:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2066:
2056:
2055:
2045:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2019:African darter
2016:
2011:
2005:
2003:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1977:
1967:
1966:
1949:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1914:
1912:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1898:Abbott's booby
1894:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1860:Peruvian booby
1857:
1851:
1849:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1823:
1813:
1812:
1802:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1735:
1729:
1719:
1718:
1700:
1693:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1640:
1628:
1622:
1608:
1591:
1583:
1574:
1565:European shag
1560:
1559:External links
1557:
1554:
1553:
1527:
1500:Marine Biology
1486:
1429:
1388:
1359:(4): 461–472.
1339:
1320:(4): 375–382.
1304:
1260:
1241:(4): 554–575.
1225:
1196:
1175:
1148:
1120:
1094:
1074:
1032:
1025:
1007:
982:
935:
888:
887:
885:
882:
881:
880:
877:
870:
868:
858:
851:
849:
843:
836:
834:
828:
821:
819:
815:G. aristotelis
813:
806:
804:
798:
791:
787:
784:
721:Saltee Islands
716:
713:
695:
692:
623:Shag in flight
615:
614:
565:
563:
556:
550:
547:
525:
524:
475:
473:
466:
460:
457:
445:
444:
431:
413:
386:
383:
321:
318:
249:
248:
240:
239:
233:
232:
226:
224: Breeding
220:
218:G. aristotelis
213:
212:
204:
203:
196:
185:
184:
178:
177:
170:
168:
164:
163:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
71:
70:
52:
49:
48:
43:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
24:European shag
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3575:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3050:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2798:Plotopteridae
2792:
2786:
2785:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2740:Phalacrocorax
2737:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2623:
2622:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2370:Imperial shag
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2360:Campbell shag
2358:
2356:
2355:Auckland shag
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2283:European shag
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2089:Phalacrocorax
2085:
2077:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1834:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1430:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1226:
1215:on 2022-08-10
1214:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1138:British Birds
1131:
1124:
1121:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1095:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1008:
996:
992:
986:
983:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
939:
936:
923:
918:
914:
910:
909:
904:
902:
893:
890:
883:
874:
869:
866:
862:
855:
850:
847:
840:
835:
832:
825:
820:
816:
810:
805:
802:
795:
790:
785:
783:
781:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
757:Faroe Islands
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
725:Farne Islands
722:
714:
712:
710:
709:ocean warming
706:
701:
693:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
670:
666:
662:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
621:
611:
608:
600:
590:
586:
582:
576:
575:
571:
566:This section
564:
560:
555:
554:
548:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
521:
518:
510:
500:
496:
492:
486:
485:
481:
476:This section
474:
470:
465:
464:
458:
456:
454:
449:
440:
435:
432:
429:
423:
417:
414:
411:
405:
399:
396:
395:
394:
392:
384:
382:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:
351:
350:
345:
341:
340:
335:
334:
333:Phalacrocorax
329:
328:
327:Phalacrocorax
319:
317:
315:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
279:
274:
270:
266:
265:
260:
256:
255:European shag
247:
246:
241:
238:
234:
219:
214:
210:
205:
200:
194:
192:
186:
183:
182:Binomial name
179:
175:
174:
169:
166:
165:
160:
155:
154:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
81:
76:
72:
66:
61:
60:Least Concern
50:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3464:
3076:
3032:
3025:
3015:
3005:
2995:
2988:
2978:
2971:
2961:
2953:Masillastega
2951:
2941:
2931:
2921:
2911:
2884:
2877:
2872:Klallamornis
2870:
2865:Hokkaidornis
2863:
2856:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2807:Empeirodytes
2805:
2784:Valenticarbo
2782:
2772:
2765:
2757:Poikilocarbo
2755:
2748:
2738:
2731:
2721:
2714:
2704:
2699:Limicorallus
2697:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2652:Limnofregata
2650:
2640:
2619:
2608:
2598:
2588:
2578:
2568:
2548:
2538:
2527:
2493:Infraclass:
2452:frigatebirds
2350:Chatham shag
2340:Foveaux shag
2312:
2294:Poikilocarbo
2292:
2282:
2272:
2242:
2204:
2163:
2113:Spotted shag
2087:
2073:
1998:
1984:
1961:
1907:
1889:
1865:Masked booby
1844:
1830:
1750:
1736:
1713:
1702:Frigatebirds
1632:
1615:
1598:
1587:
1566:
1544:. Retrieved
1540:
1530:
1503:
1499:
1489:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1280:
1276:
1263:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1217:. Retrieved
1213:the original
1208:
1199:
1187:. Retrieved
1178:
1167:. Retrieved
1163:
1142:
1136:
1123:
1111:. Retrieved
1107:
1097:
1086:. Retrieved
1077:
1052:
1048:
1016:
1010:
998:. Retrieved
994:
985:
952:
948:
938:
926:. Retrieved
912:
906:
900:
892:
814:
780:Cíes Islands
777:
743:, Scotland;
718:
715:Distribution
703:colony, the
697:
673:
658:
637:benthic zone
633:depth gauges
626:
603:
594:
579:Please help
567:
542:
528:
513:
504:
489:Please help
477:
450:
446:
433:
415:
397:
388:
379:
375:
371:
367:
359:
353:
347:
337:
331:
325:
323:
306:
294:
277:
276:
263:
262:
258:
254:
252:
244:
243:
217:
190:
188:
172:
171:
152:
151:
18:
3409:SeaLifeBase
3292:iNaturalist
3101:Wikispecies
3027:Sarmatosula
2923:Empheresula
2879:Olympidytes
2821:Plotopterum
2723:Nannopterum
2600:Macranhinga
2550:Protoplotus
2540:Mangystania
2381:Crozet shag
2365:Bounty shag
2244:Nannopterum
1923:Cape gannet
1880:Brown booby
1870:Nazca booby
1408:: 227–242.
1283:: 205–218.
1113:30 November
1055:: 249–257.
955:: 249–257.
928:19 November
733:Isle of May
731:, England;
723:, Ireland;
705:Isle of May
669:bloodstream
459:Description
372:Nannopterum
349:Nannopterum
311:philosopher
307:aristotelis
259:common shag
3537:Categories
3448:Xeno-canto
2933:Enkurosula
2858:Copepteryx
2849:Tonsalinae
2706:Microcarbo
2689:Leucocarbo
2675:Borvocarbo
2633:Fregatidae
2610:Meganhinga
2580:Giganhinga
2561:Anhingidae
2516:Suliformes
2501:Suliformes
2495:Neognathae
2460:cormorants
2450:Genera of
2345:Otago shag
2314:Leucocarbo
2165:Microcarbo
2047:Cormorants
1810:: Sulidae)
1688:Suliformes
1647:Xeno-canto
1353:Bird Study
1219:2022-08-10
1169:2024-05-29
1145:: 369–370.
1088:2021-07-28
884:References
747:, Norway;
741:Fowlsheugh
597:April 2020
507:April 2020
453:cormorants
422:Payraudeau
391:subspecies
385:Subspecies
376:Leucocarbo
355:Leucocarbo
132:Suliformes
3480:Q83020454
2990:Paleosula
2963:Microsula
2913:Bimbisula
2835:Stenornis
2767:Praecarbo
2733:Nectornis
2716:Nambashag
2621:Paranavis
2590:Liptornis
2475:Kingdom:
2323:Rock shag
2108:Pitt shag
1546:April 13,
1522:0025-3162
1463:1365-2656
1375:0006-3657
1255:1474-919X
1205:"species"
1069:1055-7903
1000:8 October
969:1055-7903
568:does not
478:does not
428:Black Sea
314:Aristotle
283:wintering
273:monotypic
269:cormorant
216:Range of
167:Species:
98:Kingdom:
92:Eukaryota
3474:Wikidata
3310:10192841
3219:17000428
3144:22696894
3139:BirdLife
3128:BioLib:
3086:Wikidata
2997:Papasula
2814:Phocavis
2750:Piscator
2483:Chordata
2481:Phylum:
2477:Animalia
2464:anhingas
1890:Papasula
1481:26283625
1383:59032510
977:24994028
861:Deerness
765:Dalmatia
737:Deerness
641:sand eel
539:feathers
410:nominate
404:Linnaeus
320:Taxonomy
237:Synonyms
199:Linnaeus
138:Family:
112:Chordata
108:Phylum:
102:Animalia
88:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
3515:ZooBank
3507:1304513
3494:8329744
3388:1021952
3271:2481861
3206:eursha1
3167:eursha1
3116:Avibase
3092:Q115452
2973:Miosula
2943:Eostega
2901:Sulidae
2886:Tonsala
2682:Gulosus
2642:Fregata
2570:Anhinga
2499:Clade:
2487:Class:
2456:boobies
2274:Gulosus
2075:Species
2009:Anhinga
2000:Anhinga
1986:Species
1962:Anhinga
1951:Darters
1832:Species
1752:Fregata
1738:Species
1714:Fregata
1599:Avibase
1472:4989534
1410:Bibcode
1334:3676511
1285:Bibcode
846:Croatia
786:Gallery
761:Galicia
753:Denmark
749:Iceland
700:benthic
676:seaweed
663:in its
589:removed
574:sources
549:Biology
499:removed
484:sources
439:Hartert
430:coasts)
424:, 1826)
406:, 1761)
368:Gulosus
360:Gulosus
291:seabird
287:Britain
278:Gulosus
201:, 1761)
159:Montagu
153:Gulosus
148:Genus:
128:Order:
118:Class:
63: (
3440:137178
3401:365986
3375:137178
3349:126867
3323:174733
3227:EURING
3180:bob800
2828:Stemec
2051:family
1955:family
1808:family
1706:family
1520:
1506:(12).
1479:
1469:
1461:
1381:
1373:
1332:
1253:
1189:29 May
1067:
1023:
975:
967:
865:Orkney
817:diving
773:Monaco
769:Istria
661:oxygen
441:, 1923
362:. The
342:, but
275:genus
228:
222:
161:, 1813
3502:WoRMS
3435:WoRMS
3427:13404
3414:84334
3305:IRMNG
3245:96621
3201:eBird
3193:4FQQ3
3164:BOW:
3157:93204
2980:Morus
2774:Urile
2206:Urile
2064:Genus
1975:Genus
1959:genus
1909:Morus
1821:Genus
1727:Genus
1710:genus
1684:Order
1379:S2CID
1330:JSTOR
1273:(PDF)
1133:(PDF)
745:Runde
680:guano
665:lungs
344:basal
339:Urile
303:Latin
299:genus
289:this
3489:GBIF
3370:OBIS
3344:NCBI
3318:ITIS
3297:4272
3266:GBIF
3152:BOLD
3131:8385
3034:Sula
2489:Aves
1846:Sula
1548:2017
1518:ISSN
1477:PMID
1459:ISSN
1371:ISSN
1251:ISSN
1235:Ibis
1191:2024
1115:2020
1065:ISSN
1021:ISBN
1002:2007
973:PMID
965:ISSN
930:2021
913:2018
767:and
739:and
727:and
694:Diet
688:down
684:eggs
629:fish
572:any
570:cite
531:bird
482:any
480:cite
352:and
336:and
295:shag
253:The
122:Aves
3422:TSA
3362:285
3331:NBN
3279:IBC
3232:800
3214:EoL
3188:CoL
3175:BTO
1645:on
1636:at
1579:at
1570:at
1508:doi
1504:165
1467:PMC
1451:doi
1418:doi
1406:583
1361:doi
1322:doi
1293:doi
1243:doi
1239:102
1057:doi
957:doi
917:doi
583:by
493:by
364:IOC
316:.
257:or
3539::
3517::
3504::
3491::
3476::
3450::
3437::
3424::
3411::
3398::
3385::
3372::
3359::
3346::
3333::
3320::
3307::
3294::
3281::
3268::
3255::
3242::
3229::
3216::
3203::
3190::
3177::
3154::
3141::
3118::
3103::
3088::
2462:,
2458:,
2454:,
1712::
1686::
1614:.
1597:.
1539:.
1516:.
1502:.
1498:.
1475:.
1465:.
1457:.
1447:84
1445:.
1441:.
1416:.
1404:.
1400:.
1377:.
1369:.
1357:58
1355:.
1351:.
1328:.
1318:22
1316:.
1291:.
1281:66
1279:.
1275:.
1249:.
1237:.
1207:.
1162:.
1151:^
1143:98
1141:.
1135:.
1106:.
1063:.
1053:79
1051:.
1047:.
1035:^
993:.
971:.
963:.
953:79
951:.
947:.
911:.
905:.
863:,
775:.
759:;
755:;
751:;
735:,
455:.
436:–
418:–
408::
400:–
393::
3023:†
3013:†
3003:†
2986:†
2969:†
2959:†
2949:†
2939:†
2929:†
2919:†
2909:†
2846:†
2795:†
2780:†
2763:†
2746:†
2729:†
2712:†
2695:†
2671:†
2648:†
2624:"
2618:"
2616:†
2606:†
2596:†
2586:†
2576:†
2546:†
2536:†
2443:e
2436:t
2429:v
2230:†
2049:(
1964:)
1953:(
1806:(
1716:)
1704:(
1676:e
1669:t
1662:v
1649:.
1620:.
1601:.
1550:.
1524:.
1510::
1483:.
1453::
1426:.
1420::
1412::
1385:.
1363::
1336:.
1324::
1301:.
1295::
1287::
1257:.
1245::
1222:.
1193:.
1172:.
1117:.
1091:.
1071:.
1059::
1029:.
1004:.
979:.
959::
932:.
919::
903:"
899:"
610:)
604:(
599:)
595:(
591:.
577:.
520:)
514:(
509:)
505:(
501:.
487:.
420:(
402:(
380:.
374:-
261:(
197:(
67:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
