579:, being estimated to have reached a total body length of up to 10 m (33 ft). This specimen's skull alone would have measured 1.52 m (5 ft 0 in). Other specimens indicate smaller sizes however. In particular specimen KNM-ER 757 from the Koobi Fora Formation, a skull measuring 96 cm (38 in), was calculated to yield a length of 7.2–8.6 m (24–28 ft), accounting for a change in proportion in large sized crocodiles. Brochu and Storrs however note that this estimate was achieved by using the proportions of
870:
4570:
859:
4565:
3725:
155:
486:
821:. These adaptations include the gradual loss of the second premaxillary tooth, development of additional maxillary teeth, continued lengthening and narrowing of the skull, the exaggeration of a pre-orbital boss spanning the nasal, lacrimal, prefrontal and frontal bones, the raising of the external nares and the prominence of the lacrimal crest. The eyes also face more forward in later species than they do in
744:
3730:
1710:
1777:, the modern slender-snouted crocodile, also shows a longirostrine snout morphology, but is more generalist, feeding on amphibians, crustaceans and birds in addition to fish. Such a high number of taxa all coexisting indicates a high degree of niche partinioning supported by favorable environmental conditions and a rich selection of prey items. Fish fossils from Lothagam indicate the presence of
126:
837:. Ginsburg and Buffetaut suggests that this could be evidence for two possible hypothesis. The first holds on to a continuous lineage, suggesting that the continued rise of the nasal to frontal boss caused a complete reshaping of the region around the orbits, effectively undoing adaptations seen in earlier forms. Their second hypothesis proposes that
517:. The largest specimen from Lothagam possesses 21 teeth in the upper jaw and 20 in the lower, while some specimens from the Pliocene to Pleistocene of Kenya (Koobi Fora) preserve 24 to 25 maxillary teeth opposing 21 to 22 dentary teeth. This difference in tooth count has led some researchers to question whether these specimens, typically assigned to
548:. The nasals are always excluded from any contact to the nares by the premaxilla reaching far back in between the maxilla, meeting the nasal bone at the level of the sixth maxillary tooth. The nasal is fused in some specimens, while others retain it as two distinct bones with visible sutures. Both the
504:
differs from any other known longirostrine crocodilian in its deeply scalloped rostral margins, each tooth sitting in its own bony sheath, separated from the next by a notable constriction of the rostrum, given the skull a saw-like appearance when viewed from above. The first mandibular teeth occlude
1691:
has notably small supratemporal fossae, creating only a weak insertion point for the jaw musculature (adductor mandibulae externus profundus muscle). The unique alveolar sleeves likely evolved to at least partly compensate for this, allowing the bodies of the teeth to be much narrower than in other
529:
as an exception, seemingly representing a transitional form in the process of losing the tooth. While still possessing five premaxillary teeth, the second is notably smaller than the rest and shares a single sheath with the third premaxillary tooth. The nasal bone bears a prominent ridge leading up
472:
are less clear, as their publications contain contradictions and taxonomic errors. A third species was described by
Ginsburg and Buffetaut in 1978 based on a skull from Gebel Zelten, Libya, which was shorter proportioned than either of the two previously recognized forms. This species was named
444:. Subsequent researchers debated whether the two species were distinct enough to form separate species. Joleaud argued that the rostral proportions were too malleable to separate the two, later going as far as to propose that both specimens should still fall under the genus
1696:
would have likely still had a relatively weak bite. The eyes also show clear convergence with gavialoids through different means. To elevate their eyes above the rostrum, derived gharials have increased the circumference of the orbits and enlarged orbital rims, while in
1850:. Gebel Zelten is especially well understood, the environment being reconstructed as rivers banked by tropical forests coming from the south and feeding into a large lagoon, while the intermediate areas are covered by savanna. Although some crocodilians of the area (
1701:
similar results are achieved by raising the entire orbital region. The extremely elongated yet fragile rostrum, trap-like interlocking teeth and raised nares and orbits all indicate a piscivorous diet and aquatic lifestyle, perfected by the
Pliocene to Pleistocene
505:
outside of the premaxilla and never pierce it as seen in some other crocodilians. The individual teeth are slender, isodont and pointed with two keels (bicarinate), clearly suited for a piscivorous diet. Tooth count varies greatly between species.
1868:
seemingly never ventured outside of Africa. This may be connected to its specialised lifestyle, preventing it from venturing too far out into saltwater and restricting it to the riverbanks further up river. By the time of
1720:
was just one of several species within the diverse
Crocodilian fauna of Miocene to Pliocene Africa, mirroring similar conditions observed elsewhere during the Miocene (South Americas Pebas Megawetlands and Australia's
2571:
Azarra, Beatrice; Boschian, Giovanni; Brochu, Christopher; Delfino, Massimo; Iurino, Dawid Adam; Kimambo, Jackson
Stanley; Manzi, Giorgio; Masao, Fidelis T.; Menconero, Sofia; Njau, Jackson K; Cherin, Marco (2021).
536:. This form is maintained until the contact between maxilla and premaxilla, where the snout slightly slopes upwards and places the nares on a pedestal. Both the forehead boss and raised nares are most prominent in
906:
differs from gavialids and most tomistomines in its small supratemporal fossae and the relatively gradual narrowing of the rostrum (something much more abrupt in gharials). Most current analyses place it in
560:
is comparably small and almost square in shape, with oval supratemporal fenestra (not circular as in gavialoids). Older individuals are known to develop noticeable squamosal ridges or "horns".
1885:. Eventually, increased aridification, increased salinity and conditions favoring more temporary bodies of water may have all contributed to the disappearance of the highly specialised
556:
are long and splinter-shaped, with the lacrimals contacting the nasal bones towards the middle or anterior end of the "boss" depending on the specimen. Notably, the skull table of
2072:
Brochu, C. A.; Storrs, G. W. (2012). "A giant crocodile from the Plio-Pleistocene of Kenya, the phylogenetic relationships of
Neogene African crocodylines, and the antiquity of
394:. Although superficially resembling that of gharials, the long snout was a trait developed independently from that of other crocodilians and suggests a diet of primarily fish.
2207:
Delfino, M.; Rossi, M. A. (2013). "Fossil crocodylid remains from
Scontrone (Tortonian, Southern Italy) and the late Neogene Mediterranean biogeography of crocodylians".
4666:
2459:
Hekkala, E.; Gatesy, J.; Narechania, A.; Meredith, R.; Russello, M.; Aardema, M. L.; Jensen, E.; Montanari, S.; Brochu, C.; Norell, M.; Amato, G. (2021-04-27).
825:. The authors do, however, note that certain traits do not conform to such a direct evolutionary series, and instead appear most prominent in the intermediate
587:, which differ significantly in skull to body ration when compared to longirostrine taxa. Subsequently, these estimates may be exaggerating the actual size of
1675:, its the functional morphology shows some clear differences. Throughout their evolutionary history, many Pseudosuchian groups that evolved elongated skulls (
841:
split into two lineages, both evolving increasingly longirostral forms but doing so in different ways. This latter interpretation is favored by the fact that
805:
Among the three recognized species, Ginsburg and
Buffetaut note a clear evolutionary series from the oldest to youngest species. According to their research,
2638:
509:, the species with the shortest snout, possesses 19 tooth sockets housing 20 teeth in the upper jaw. Ginsburg and Buffetaut assign 24 upper jaw teeth to
2520:"Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem"
4982:
633:
is distinguished from the other two species by its shorter and wider skull and the presence of five premaxillary teeth situated in four tooth sleeves.
4893:
4813:
4733:
4653:
4962:
4987:
1603:
1011:
4977:
4957:
4952:
1889:, incapable of sustaining itself or traveling over great enough distances to other bodies of water like the generalist Nile crocodile.
2412:
4972:
2056:
2605:
4967:
4564:
2631:
772:
4569:
1722:
3897:
1428:
3724:
3943:
3812:
2461:"Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene "horned" crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus"
845:
was clearly already present in East Africa by the early
Miocene, as indicated by the remains from Ombo and Rusinga Island.
1369:
1119:
694:. However, according to a 2017 publication by Christopher Brochu, much of the Miocene to Pliocene remains found in the
2624:
3804:
2971:
2045:
Storrs, G. W. (2003). Late
Miocene-Early Pliocene crocodilian fauna of Lothagam, southwest Turkana Basin, Kenya. In:
1687:) also show enlarged supratemporal fossae. Contrary to this connection between fossa size and snout length, however,
898:
by early research due to its elongated skull, later research has repeatedly shown this to be merely be the result of
398:
coexisted with a wide range of other crocodiles in the areas it inhabited before eventually going extinct during the
154:
4025:
2408:"Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil"
1761:
724:, its fossils were originally found at Wadi Natrun in Egypt (Miocene or Pliocene). Fossils tentatively referred to
1873:, crocodilian diversity had diminished in East Africa compared to that in the older Pliocene records. In Ethiopia
3997:
1882:
934:
869:
3643:
1818:
in both Egypt and Libya. Both
Moghara and Gebel Zelten preserve fluvio-marine environments yielding fossils of
2964:
3729:
4018:
4504:
4278:
4608:
4528:
4302:
4011:
4947:
4919:
4839:
4759:
4679:
4488:
4481:
4294:
4286:
4170:
2807:
2727:
2611:
1814:
675:
464:. Later both Antunes (1961) and Arambourg and Magnier (1961) came to support both species. The views of
4512:
2271:
Aoki, R. (1992). Fossil crocodilians from the Late Tertiary strata in the Sinda Basin, eastern Zaire.
1957:
Arambourg, C. and Magnier, P. (1961). Gisement de vértébres dans le bassin tertiare de Syrte (Lybie).
787:
756:
671:
4880:
4800:
4720:
4640:
4004:
3693:
3686:
3636:
3434:
2251:
Pickford, M. (1994). Late Cenozoic crocodiles (Reptilia:Crocodylidae) from the Western Rift, Uganda.
2216:
2174:
2085:
1808:
1755:
1459:
950:
899:
736:
532:
453:
415:
3672:
3399:
584:
1737:
coexisted with as many as four different species of crocodiles, including the earliest records of
698:
may instead belong to an as yet unnamed species, although their anatomy roughly resembles that of
469:
4536:
4445:
4437:
4163:
3441:
3420:
3413:
3074:
2950:
2754:
2385:
Brochu, C. (1997). Morphology, fossils, divergence timing, and the phylogenetic relationships of
2340:
Earliest Man and Environments in the Lake Rudolf Basin: Stratigraphy, Paleoecology, and Evolution
2147:
2101:
1479:
149:
4924:
4844:
4764:
2334:
Tchernov, E. (1976). Crocodylidae from the Pliocene/Pleistocene formations of the Rudolf Basin.
2046:
858:
833:
the prefrontals overflow the orbits, giving them a more circular appearance compared to that of
683:
4684:
2355:
Cahiers de Paléontologie. Paris. Centre National pour la Formation et les Echanges Géologiques.
2257:
Geology and Paleobiology of the Albertine Rift Valley, Uganda-Zaire. Paleobiology/Paléobiologie
894:
Although the genus was considered to be a tomistomine gavialoid or even a direct descendant of
691:
4906:
4826:
4746:
4671:
4452:
3951:
3918:
3679:
3406:
3211:
2553:
2500:
2482:
2441:
2139:
2052:
1313:
449:
4911:
4831:
4751:
687:
610:
500:
was a large-bodied crocodilian with an elongated snout similar to that of extant gavialoids.
4430:
3665:
3528:
3491:
3427:
3322:
3188:
2585:
2578:
Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy)
2543:
2533:
2490:
2472:
2431:
2421:
2232:
2224:
2182:
2131:
2093:
1786:
1672:
549:
222:
209:
2165:
Agrasar, E. L. (2003). "New fossil crocodilians from the Middle/Upper Miocene of Tunisia".
460:
as a valid species but hesitated to split them into two forms, with Kälin recognizing only
4520:
4496:
4459:
4379:
4127:
3854:
3613:
3598:
3563:
3506:
3376:
3232:
3177:
2994:
2978:
2262:(29):137-155. Orléans. Centre International pour la Formation et les Echanges Géologiques.
1387:
1137:
912:
1773:
are heavily specialised for a piscivorous diet, specialising in preying on smaller fish.
2220:
2178:
2089:
4393:
4371:
4113:
4105:
4063:
3861:
3796:
3782:
3655:
3368:
3352:
3281:
3239:
3197:
3169:
3147:
3104:
3039:
3026:
3001:
2986:
2957:
2888:
2844:
2829:
2548:
2519:
2495:
2460:
2436:
2407:
1878:
1835:
1676:
942:
768:
760:
655:
580:
553:
2186:
485:
418:
based on material collected by the Bourg de Bozas expedition between 1900 and 1903 in
4941:
4591:
4423:
4416:
4401:
4386:
4349:
4335:
4247:
4232:
4224:
4141:
4120:
4091:
4084:
4077:
3967:
3881:
3869:
3819:
3789:
3774:
3760:
3542:
3513:
3483:
3345:
3314:
3301:
3289:
3273:
3255:
3218:
3118:
2942:
2920:
2573:
1860:
1843:
1730:
1340:
1299:
988:
946:
908:
795:
764:
695:
423:
252:
83:
17:
2313:
2151:
2105:
743:
4871:
4791:
4711:
4586:
4409:
4342:
4255:
4240:
4207:
4196:
4148:
3930:
3840:
3827:
3747:
3626:
3577:
3570:
3498:
3360:
3337:
3162:
3154:
3125:
3067:
3060:
2935:
2820:
2712:
2687:
1587:
1281:
1185:
977:
576:
572:
278:
2574:"A new cranium of Crocodylus anthropophagus from Olduvai Gorge, northern Tanzania"
2228:
1709:
530:
to the eyes, giving its forehead a sloping appearance somewhat similar to that of
2364:
Brochu, C. and Storrs, G. W. (1995). The giant dwarf crocodile: A reappraisal of
2135:
2097:
4364:
4357:
4155:
4134:
4098:
4070:
4049:
3591:
3584:
3556:
3549:
3535:
3476:
3329:
3265:
3225:
3204:
3132:
3111:
3053:
2927:
2895:
2852:
2314:"Crocodile remains from the Burdigalian (lower Miocene) of Gebel Zelten (Libya)"
2122:
Brochu, C. A. (2017). "Pliocene crocodiles from Kanapoi, Turkana Basin, Kenya".
1839:
1680:
1247:
663:
618:
431:
399:
125:
58:
45:
4631:
2589:
2477:
609:
Described based on remains from the Miocene of Libya (Gebel Zelten) and Egypt (
4318:
4182:
3987:
3911:
3890:
3469:
3086:
2866:
2766:
2678:
2648:
1802:
1790:
1778:
1745:
1684:
1619:
1219:
1090:
1063:
923:
917:
465:
232:
103:
68:
2486:
1800:
appearing alongside a cast of other crocodilians including the brevirostrine
521:, might actually represent their own species. Unlike any other crocodilians,
4268:
3606:
3389:
2873:
2739:
1739:
938:
780:
729:
651:
367:
242:
166:
108:
52:
2557:
2504:
2445:
2426:
2143:
702:. He also mentions the possibility that the species is a junior synonym of
4865:
4785:
4705:
4625:
4471:
3959:
3520:
3140:
2880:
2696:
2672:
1847:
1823:
1726:
784:
667:
659:
568:
419:
387:
186:
98:
93:
78:
73:
63:
2538:
902:, instead placing it much deeper within the Crocodylidae. For instance,
4898:
4818:
4738:
4658:
2859:
2616:
2237:
1831:
1827:
733:
679:
622:
375:
360:
301:
196:
113:
88:
41:
3456:
2666:
1819:
1782:
525:
typically possess only four premaxillary teeth instead of five, with
379:
371:
176:
4602:
650:
was originally described based on fossil material collected in the
2902:
2524:
1708:
791:
742:
484:
435:
391:
383:
363:
4885:
4805:
4725:
1713:
Modern gharials basking alongside the generalist Mugger crocodile
4645:
3975:
2837:
1671:
superficially resembles gharials and likely inhabited a similar
1199:
929:
776:
662:, with much material later found at other localities throughout
4606:
3745:
3024:
2805:
2659:
2620:
617:
is attested by both sets of remains as having lived during the
2338:
Y. Coppens, F. C. Howell, G. L. Isaac and R. E. Leakey, eds.,
2292:
dans le Miocène inférieur d'Ombo (golfe de Kavirondo, Kenya).
1257:
Restricting the analysis to morphological data alone removes
1904:
Joleaud, L. (1920). Sur la présence d'un Gavialide du genre
706:, an idea that has also been suggested by past researchers.
2518:
Rio, Jonathan P.; Mannion, Philip D. (6 September 2021).
2372:
B. D. Patterson, S. M. Goodman, and J. L. Sedlock, eds.,
1877:
appeared alongside only two other crocodiles, the modern
575:, with one specimen (LT 26306), found in Lothagam in the
794:). Despite this abundance in northern Africa around the
1926:
Contribution à l'étude de vertébrés Miocènes de l'Egypt
1864:) have been found on both sides of the Mediterranean,
430:. Later that year René Fourtau described fossils from
2353:
Evolution of the Crocodiles in East and North Africa.
2342:, pp. 370–378. Chicago. University of Chicago Press.
1539:
1519:
1483:
1463:
1344:
1317:
1203:
1094:
1067:
1031:
336:
323:
310:
285:
4855:
4775:
4695:
4615:
4469:
4317:
4266:
4206:
4180:
4047:
3985:
3929:
3880:
3838:
3758:
3653:
3624:
3455:
3387:
3300:
3253:
3187:
3084:
3037:
2912:
2819:
2765:
2738:
2711:
1796:In northern Africa conditions appear similar, with
422:. These remains, thought to belong to a species of
2051:pp. 137–159. New York. Columbia University Press.
953:data recovers Osteolaeminae, as shown below, with
2406:Michael S. Y. Lee; Adam M. Yates (27 June 2018).
591:in the absence of described postcranial remains.
2048:Lothagam: The Dawn of Humanity in Eastern Africa
2288:Buffetaut, E. (1979). Présence du crocodilien
426:, were first described in 1920 under the name
2632:
625:, making it the earliest recorded species of
8:
1908:dans le Pliocène d'eau douce de l'Ethiopie.
2294:Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France
1692:longirostrine taxa. Despite this, however,
4603:
4327:
4216:
4188:
4055:
3935:
3846:
3766:
3755:
3742:
3461:
3306:
3297:
3096:
3092:
3045:
3034:
3021:
2816:
2802:
2744:
2717:
2708:
2656:
2639:
2625:
2617:
2008:Ginsburg, L. E. and Buffetaut, E. (1978).
124:
31:
2547:
2537:
2494:
2476:
2435:
2425:
2236:
1959:Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences
1910:Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences
809:shows a series of adaptations present in
571:crocodilians, if not one of the largest
414:were described by French paleontologist
1897:
2307:
2305:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2067:
2065:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1604:West African slender-snouted crocodile
1012:West African slender-snouted crocodile
885:, the two closest living relatives of
728:have been found in the Upper Miocene (
2117:
2115:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
965:was recovered as closer to the genus
802:have ever been found outside Africa.
7:
2016:, crocodilien du Néogène d'Afrique.
911:, a family consisting of the extant
2368:from the Quaternary of Madagascar.
1593:
1507:
1451:
1444:
1420:
1359:
1332:
1305:
1295:
1288:
1276:
1191:
1109:
1082:
1055:
1001:
994:
984:
972:
370:. It was common throughout much of
2413:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
2374:Environmental Change in Madagascar
2078:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1729:, in the southwestern part of the
937:. Phylogenetic analysis utilizing
489:Scale diagram showing the size of
25:
813:and progressively exaggerated in
540:and far less developed in either
4983:Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera
4568:
4563:
3728:
3723:
2255:B. Senut and M. Pickford, eds.,
2012:n. sp. et l'évolution du genera
868:
857:
153:
2376:. pp. 6. Chicago. Field Museum.
4963:Pleistocene reptiles of Africa
1979:Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie
1973:Steel, R. (1973). Crocodylia.
1937:Kälin, J. (1955). Crocodilia.
1265:into the family. In this tree
1261:from Osteolaeminae and brings
829:. One such example is that in
1:
4988:Fossil taxa described in 1920
2229:10.1016/j.geobios.2012.10.006
2187:10.1016/s0753-3969(03)00006-5
2136:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.10.003
2098:10.1080/02724634.2012.652324
438:as a new species and genus,
345:Ginsburg and Buffetaut, 1978
27:Extinct genus of crocodilian
4978:Pleistocene crocodylomorphs
4958:Pliocene reptiles of Africa
1984::1-116. Stuttgart. Fischer.
817:, reaching their peak with
755:are known from the Miocene
666:. These localities include
658:(Pliocene to Pleistocene),
382:being especially common in
5004:
4953:Miocene reptiles of Africa
2478:10.1038/s42003-021-02017-0
2124:Journal of Human Evolution
1928:. Cairo. Government Press.
4581:
4561:
4330:
4219:
4191:
4058:
3938:
3849:
3769:
3754:
3741:
3721:
3464:
3309:
3099:
3095:
3048:
3033:
3020:
2815:
2801:
2747:
2720:
2707:
2655:
1924:Forteau, R., ed. (1920).
1883:slender-snouted crocodile
1616:
1598:
1591:
1532:
1512:
1505:
1476:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1425:
1418:
1382:
1364:
1357:
1337:
1330:
1310:
1303:
1293:
1286:
1216:
1196:
1189:
1132:
1114:
1107:
1087:
1080:
1060:
1053:
1024:
1006:
999:
992:
982:
935:slender-snouted crocodile
759:(Tunisia), Early Miocene
477:after Camille Arambourg.
307:
300:
284:
277:
150:Scientific classification
148:
132:
123:
34:
4973:Pliocene crocodylomorphs
3898:"Crocodylus" gariepensis
2590:10.13130/2039-4942/15771
2273:African Study Monographs
2167:Annales de Paléontologie
2018:Géologie Méditerranéenne
1948::695-784. Paris: Masson.
1429:"Crocodylus" gariepensis
1370:Osborn’s dwarf crocodile
1120:Osborn’s dwarf crocodile
567:to be among the largest
4968:Miocene crocodylomorphs
4171:"Tomistoma" lusitanicum
3944:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
3813:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
2312:Agrasar, E. L. (2004).
1943:Traité de paléontologie
957:as a close relative of
563:Some estimates suggest
2465:Communications Biology
2427:10.1098/rspb.2018.1071
2275:, Supplementary issue
1812:and the longirostrine
1775:Mecistops cataphractus
1714:
1601:Mecistops cataphractus
1009:Mecistops cataphractus
748:
494:
4920:Paleobiology Database
4857:Euthecodon arambourgi
4840:Paleobiology Database
4760:Paleobiology Database
4680:Paleobiology Database
2612:Paleobiology Database
2366:"Crocodylus" robustus
2351:Tchernov, E. (1986).
2010:Euthecodon arambourgi
1815:Tomistoma lusitanicum
1798:Euthecodon arambourgi
1712:
1516:Euthecodon arambourgi
1385:Osteolaemus tetraspis
1135:Osteolaemus tetraspis
746:
631:Euthecodon arambourgi
602:Euthecodon arambourgi
527:Euthecodon arambourgi
488:
475:Euthecodon arambourgi
410:The first remains of
341:Euthecodon arambourgi
135:Euthecodon arambourgi
18:Euthecodon arambourgi
4446:"Tomistoma" coppensi
4438:"Tomistoma" cairense
4164:"Tomistoma" cairense
3805:"Crocodylus" affinis
2972:"Crocodylus" affinis
1809:Crocodylus checchiai
1460:Brochuchus parvidens
927:as well as possible
900:convergent evolution
747:Euthecodon Range map
720:The type species of
585:saltwater crocodiles
533:Crocodylus checchiai
406:Discovery and naming
133:From left to right:
4453:"Tomistoma" dowsoni
2539:10.7717/peerj.12094
2221:2013Geobi..46...25D
2179:2003AnPal..89..103A
2090:2012JVPal..32..587B
1749:and two species of
1655:(crown group)
1367:Osteolaemus osborni
1117:Osteolaemus osborni
732:) sediments of the
4777:Euthecodon brumpti
4697:Euthecodon nitriae
4026:C. thorbjarnarsoni
3075:Listrognathosuchus
2951:Brachyuranochampsa
2391:Systematic Biology
1941:J. Piveteau, ed.,
1871:Euthecodon brumpti
1762:C. thorbjarnarsoni
1735:Euthecodon brumpti
1715:
1704:Euthecodon brumpti
1536:Euthecodon brumpti
1480:Brochuchus pigotti
749:
713:Euthecodon nitriae
676:Nachukui Formation
670:(specifically the
648:Euthecodon brumpti
640:Euthecodon brumpti
495:
441:Euthecodon nitriae
328:Euthecodon brumpti
315:Euthecodon nitriae
290:Euthecodon nitriae
4935:
4934:
4907:Open Tree of Life
4827:Open Tree of Life
4747:Open Tree of Life
4609:Taxon identifiers
4600:
4599:
4577:
4576:
4559:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4313:
4312:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4034:
3998:C. anthropophagus
3737:
3736:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3451:
3450:
3249:
3248:
3212:Eurycephalosuchus
3016:
3015:
3012:
3011:
2965:"Crocodylus" acer
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2784:
1659:
1658:
1649:
1648:
1640:
1639:
1631:
1630:
1577:
1576:
1568:
1567:
1559:
1558:
1550:
1549:
1494:
1493:
1407:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1314:Rimasuchus lloydi
1254:
1253:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1175:
1174:
1166:
1165:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1147:
1042:
1041:
949:(fossil age) and
779:(Kenya) and the
751:Other remains of
513:and up to 27 for
450:Camille Arambourg
428:Tomistoma brumpti
352:
351:
346:
333:
320:
273:
51:23.03–0.781
16:(Redirected from
4995:
4928:
4927:
4915:
4914:
4902:
4901:
4889:
4888:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4848:
4847:
4835:
4834:
4822:
4821:
4809:
4808:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4768:
4767:
4755:
4754:
4742:
4741:
4729:
4728:
4716:
4715:
4714:
4688:
4687:
4675:
4674:
4662:
4661:
4649:
4648:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4604:
4572:
4567:
4529:G. pachyrhynchus
4431:Siquisiquesuchus
4328:
4217:
4189:
4056:
3936:
3847:
3767:
3756:
3743:
3732:
3727:
3694:C. wannlangstoni
3687:C. venezuelensis
3529:Globidentosuchus
3492:Centenariosuchus
3462:
3323:Allognathosuchus
3307:
3298:
3189:Orientalosuchina
3097:
3093:
3046:
3035:
3022:
2817:
2803:
2745:
2718:
2709:
2702:
2701:
2657:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2618:
2594:
2593:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2551:
2541:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2498:
2480:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2439:
2429:
2403:
2397:
2383:
2377:
2362:
2356:
2349:
2343:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2309:
2300:
2286:
2280:
2269:
2263:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2204:
2191:
2190:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2119:
2110:
2109:
2069:
2060:
2043:
2024:
2006:
1985:
1971:
1965:
1955:
1949:
1935:
1929:
1922:
1916:
1902:
1787:African lungfish
1594:
1541:
1521:
1508:
1485:
1465:
1452:
1445:
1421:
1360:
1346:
1333:
1319:
1306:
1296:
1289:
1277:
1248:crown group
1205:
1192:
1110:
1096:
1083:
1069:
1056:
1033:
1002:
995:
985:
973:
915:and the extinct
872:
861:
798:, no fossils of
788:Sahabi Formation
757:Beglia Formation
550:prefrontal bones
366:of long-snouted
344:
338:
331:
325:
318:
312:
287:
271:
264:
223:Archosauriformes
210:Archosauromorpha
158:
157:
128:
118:
55:
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4938:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4923:
4918:
4910:
4905:
4897:
4892:
4884:
4879:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4851:
4843:
4838:
4830:
4825:
4817:
4812:
4804:
4799:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4771:
4763:
4758:
4750:
4745:
4737:
4732:
4724:
4719:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4691:
4683:
4678:
4670:
4665:
4657:
4652:
4644:
4639:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4611:
4601:
4596:
4573:
4543:
4505:G. curvirostris
4482:G. bengawanicus
4465:
4460:Toyotamaphimeia
4380:Hesperogavialis
4321:
4309:
4262:
4210:
4202:
4185:
4176:
4128:Megadontosuchus
4052:
4031:
4019:C. palaeindicus
3981:
3925:
3876:
3855:Aldabrachampsus
3843:
3834:
3763:
3750:
3733:
3699:
3673:C. brevirostris
3649:
3620:
3614:Wannaganosuchus
3599:Stangerochampsa
3564:Orthogenysuchus
3507:Chinatichampsus
3447:
3383:
3377:Wannaganosuchus
3296:
3258:
3245:
3233:Orientalosuchus
3183:
3178:Stangerochampsa
3089:
3080:
3042:
3029:
3008:
2995:Prodiplocynodon
2979:Portugalosuchus
2908:
2811:
2781:
2761:
2734:
2703:
2662:
2661:
2651:
2645:
2602:
2597:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2384:
2380:
2363:
2359:
2350:
2346:
2333:
2329:
2311:
2310:
2303:
2287:
2283:
2270:
2266:
2250:
2246:
2206:
2205:
2194:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2071:
2070:
2063:
2044:
2027:
2007:
1988:
1972:
1968:
1956:
1952:
1936:
1932:
1923:
1919:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1665:
1660:
1650:
1641:
1632:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1551:
1495:
1408:
1399:
1388:dwarf crocodile
1255:
1241:
1232:
1176:
1167:
1158:
1149:
1138:dwarf crocodile
1043:
913:dwarf crocodile
892:
891:
890:
889:
875:
874:
873:
864:
863:
862:
851:
737:Ségui Formation
597:
483:
408:
332:(Joleaud, 1920)
296:
293:
270:
262:
152:
119:
117:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
50:
49:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5001:
4999:
4991:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4940:
4939:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4916:
4903:
4890:
4877:
4861:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4836:
4823:
4810:
4797:
4781:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4756:
4743:
4730:
4717:
4701:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4676:
4663:
4650:
4637:
4621:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4533:
4525:
4517:
4509:
4501:
4493:
4485:
4477:
4475:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4434:
4427:
4420:
4413:
4406:
4398:
4394:Maomingosuchus
4390:
4383:
4376:
4372:Harpacochampsa
4368:
4361:
4354:
4346:
4339:
4331:
4325:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4299:
4295:T. lusitanicum
4291:
4283:
4279:T. calaritanum
4274:
4272:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4252:
4244:
4237:
4229:
4220:
4214:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4192:
4186:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4114:Maomingosuchus
4110:
4106:Leptorrhamphus
4102:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4064:Dollosuchoides
4059:
4053:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4012:C. falconensis
4008:
4001:
3993:
3991:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3972:
3964:
3956:
3948:
3939:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3886:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3866:
3862:Dzungarisuchus
3858:
3850:
3844:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3824:
3816:
3809:
3801:
3797:Australosuchus
3793:
3786:
3783:Antecrocodylus
3779:
3770:
3764:
3759:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3739:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3661:
3659:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3644:M. latrubessei
3640:
3632:
3630:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3610:
3603:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3495:
3488:
3480:
3473:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3395:
3393:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3373:
3369:Procaimanoidea
3365:
3357:
3353:Hassiacosuchus
3349:
3342:
3334:
3326:
3319:
3310:
3304:
3295:
3294:
3286:
3282:Menatalligator
3278:
3270:
3261:
3259:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3240:Protoalligator
3236:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3198:Dongnanosuchus
3193:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3174:
3170:Procaimanoidea
3166:
3159:
3151:
3148:Hassiacosuchus
3144:
3137:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3105:Albertochampsa
3100:
3090:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3049:
3043:
3040:Alligatoroidea
3038:
3031:
3030:
3027:Alligatoroidea
3025:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3002:Planocraniidae
2998:
2991:
2987:Pristichampsus
2983:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2958:Charactosuchus
2954:
2947:
2939:
2932:
2924:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2889:Trilophosuchus
2885:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2845:Harpacochampsa
2841:
2834:
2830:Australosuchus
2825:
2823:
2813:
2812:
2806:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2721:
2715:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2690:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2660:
2653:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2601:
2600:External links
2598:
2596:
2595:
2584:(2): 275–295.
2563:
2510:
2451:
2398:
2378:
2357:
2344:
2327:
2301:
2281:
2264:
2244:
2215:(1–2): 25–31.
2192:
2173:(2): 103–110.
2157:
2111:
2061:
2025:
1986:
1977:O. Kuhn, ed.,
1966:
1950:
1930:
1917:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1879:Nile crocodile
1836:anthracotheres
1743:, the gharial
1677:Thalattosuchia
1664:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1275:
1269:clusters with
1252:
1251:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1005:
1000:
998:
993:
991:
983:
981:
971:
943:DNA sequencing
877:
876:
867:
866:
865:
856:
855:
854:
853:
852:
850:
847:
769:Albertine Rift
761:Rusinga Island
741:
740:
726:E. cf. nitriae
717:
716:
708:
707:
656:Villafranchian
644:
643:
635:
634:
606:
605:
596:
593:
573:Pseudosuchians
554:lacrimal bones
482:
479:
454:Josef A. Kälin
416:Léonce Joleaud
407:
404:
350:
349:
348:
347:
334:
321:
305:
304:
298:
297:
294:
282:
281:
275:
274:
260:
256:
255:
250:
246:
245:
240:
236:
235:
230:
226:
225:
220:
213:
212:
207:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
146:
145:
130:
129:
121:
120:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
56:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5000:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4926:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4882:
4878:
4873:
4867:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4846:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4802:
4798:
4793:
4787:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4766:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4722:
4718:
4713:
4707:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4686:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4642:
4638:
4633:
4627:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4605:
4593:
4592:Gryposuchinae
4590:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4571:
4566:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4424:Rhamphosuchus
4421:
4419:
4418:
4417:Piscogavialis
4414:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4402:Paratomistoma
4399:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4387:Ikanogavialis
4384:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4350:Gavialosuchus
4347:
4345:
4344:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4336:Aktiogavialis
4333:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4305:
4304:
4303:T. taiwanicum
4300:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4248:Paratomistoma
4245:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4233:Gavialosuchus
4230:
4227:
4226:
4225:Brasilosuchus
4222:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4212:sensu stricto
4209:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4142:Paratomistoma
4139:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4121:Maroccosuchus
4118:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4092:Gunggamarandu
4089:
4087:
4086:
4085:Gavialosuchus
4082:
4080:
4079:
4078:Ferganosuchus
4075:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4046:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3968:Tzaganosuchus
3965:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3882:Osteolaeminae
3879:
3872:
3871:
3870:Oxysdonsaurus
3867:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3837:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3820:Jiangxisuchus
3817:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3790:Astorgosuchus
3787:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3775:Albertosuchus
3772:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3761:Crocodyloidea
3757:
3753:
3749:
3744:
3740:
3731:
3726:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3680:C. gasparinae
3677:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3543:Kuttanacaiman
3540:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3514:Culebrasuchus
3511:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3484:Brachychampsa
3481:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3435:A. prenasalis
3432:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3346:Chrysochampsa
3343:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3315:Akanthosuchus
3312:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3302:Alligatorinae
3299:
3292:
3291:
3290:Sajkanosuchus
3287:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3274:Lianghusuchus
3271:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:Alligatoridae
3252:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3219:Jiangxisuchus
3216:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3119:Brachychampsa
3116:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3019:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2943:Borealosuchus
2940:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2921:Albertosuchus
2918:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2642:
2637:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2567:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2514:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2324:(2): 309–321.
2323:
2319:
2318:Geodiversitas
2315:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2057:0-231-11870-8
2054:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1861:Gavialosuchus
1858:and possibly
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1844:proboscideans
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1791:electric fish
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1731:Turkana Basin
1728:
1724:
1719:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1662:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1636:
1635:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1573:
1572:
1564:
1563:
1555:
1554:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1454:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1341:Voay robustus
1335:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1307:
1301:
1300:Osteolaeminae
1298:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1171:
1170:
1162:
1161:
1153:
1152:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1058:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1004:
1003:
997:
996:
990:
989:Osteolaeminae
987:
986:
980:
979:
975:
974:
970:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
951:morphological
948:
947:stratigraphic
944:
940:
936:
932:
931:
926:
925:
920:
919:
914:
910:
909:Osteolaeminae
905:
901:
897:
888:
884:
880:
871:
860:
848:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
823:E. arambourgi
820:
816:
812:
811:E. arambourgi
808:
803:
801:
797:
796:Mediterranean
793:
789:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
765:Lake Victoria
762:
758:
754:
745:
738:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
718:
715:
714:
710:
709:
705:
701:
697:
696:Turkana Basin
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
646:
645:
642:
641:
637:
636:
632:
628:
624:
621:stage of the
620:
616:
615:E. arambourgi
612:
608:
607:
604:
603:
599:
598:
594:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
577:Turkana Basin
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:E. arambourgi
543:
539:
535:
534:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
507:E. arambourgi
503:
499:
492:
487:
480:
478:
476:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
442:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:false gharial
421:
417:
413:
405:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
362:
358:
357:
343:
342:
335:
330:
329:
322:
319:Fourtau, 1920
317:
316:
309:
308:
306:
303:
299:
295:Fourtau, 1920
292:
291:
283:
280:
276:
272:Fourtau, 1920
269:
268:
261:
258:
257:
254:
253:Osteolaeminae
251:
248:
247:
244:
241:
238:
237:
234:
231:
228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
156:
151:
147:
144:
140:
136:
131:
127:
122:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
54:
47:
43:
37:
33:
30:
19:
4948:Crocodylidae
4856:
4776:
4696:
4616:
4587:Brevirostres
4537:G. papuensis
4535:
4527:
4519:
4511:
4503:
4495:
4489:G. breviceps
4487:
4480:
4470:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4410:Penghusuchus
4408:
4400:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4348:
4343:Dadagavialis
4341:
4334:
4322:
4301:
4293:
4285:
4277:
4267:
4256:Thecachampsa
4254:
4246:
4241:Melitosaurus
4239:
4231:
4223:
4211:
4208:Tomistominae
4197:Sacacosuchus
4195:
4169:
4162:
4154:
4149:Thecachampsa
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4024:
4017:
4010:
4005:C. checchiai
4003:
3996:
3986:
3974:
3966:
3958:
3950:
3942:
3931:Crocodylinae
3917:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3868:
3860:
3853:
3841:Crocodylidae
3828:Mekosuchinae
3826:
3818:
3811:
3803:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3773:
3748:Longirostres
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3666:C. australis
3664:
3654:
3642:
3635:
3627:Melanosuchus
3625:
3612:
3605:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3578:Paranasuchus
3576:
3571:Paranacaiman
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3499:Ceratosuchus
3497:
3490:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3400:A. hailensis
3398:
3388:
3375:
3367:
3361:Navajosuchus
3359:
3351:
3344:
3338:Ceratosuchus
3336:
3328:
3321:
3313:
3288:
3280:
3272:
3264:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3176:
3168:
3163:Navajosuchus
3161:
3155:Leidyosuchus
3153:
3146:
3139:
3131:
3126:Ceratosuchus
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3073:
3068:Leidyosuchus
3066:
3061:Diplocynodon
3059:
3052:
3000:
2993:
2985:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2941:
2936:Asiatosuchus
2934:
2926:
2919:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2843:
2836:
2828:
2821:Mekosuchinae
2810:crocodilians
2728:Pseudosuchia
2713:Pseudosuchia
2692:
2688:Pseudosuchia
2683:
2649:crocodilians
2606:
2581:
2577:
2566:
2529:
2523:
2513:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2417:
2411:
2401:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2352:
2347:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2321:
2317:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2212:
2208:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2127:
2123:
2081:
2077:
2076:in Africa".
2073:
2047:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2009:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1925:
1920:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1886:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1765:. Of these,
1760:
1756:C. checchiai
1754:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1734:
1717:
1716:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1668:
1666:
1663:Paleoecology
1618:
1617:
1600:
1599:
1588:Crocodylinae
1535:
1534:
1533:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1478:
1477:
1458:
1457:
1427:
1426:
1384:
1383:
1366:
1365:
1339:
1338:
1312:
1311:
1282:Crocodylidae
1280:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1218:
1217:
1198:
1197:
1186:Crocodylinae
1134:
1133:
1116:
1115:
1089:
1088:
1062:
1061:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1008:
1007:
978:Crocodylidae
976:
966:
962:
958:
954:
928:
922:
916:
903:
895:
893:
886:
882:
878:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
804:
799:
752:
750:
725:
721:
712:
711:
703:
699:
647:
639:
638:
630:
626:
614:
601:
600:
588:
564:
562:
557:
545:
541:
537:
531:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
501:
497:
496:
490:
474:
470:Rodney Steel
461:
457:
445:
440:
439:
427:
411:
409:
395:
355:
354:
353:
340:
339:
327:
326:
314:
313:
289:
288:
279:Type species
266:
265:
243:Crocodylidae
216:
203:
142:
138:
134:
35:
29:
4513:G. leptodus
4365:Hanyusuchus
4358:Gryposuchus
4287:T. gaudense
4156:Tienosuchus
4135:Ocepesuchus
4099:Kentisuchus
4071:Dollosuchus
4050:Gavialoidea
3592:Purussaurus
3585:Protocaiman
3557:Necrosuchus
3550:Mourasuchus
3536:Gnatusuchus
3477:Bottosaurus
3442:A. thomsoni
3421:A. munensis
3414:A. mefferdi
3330:Arambourgia
3266:Balanerodus
3226:Krabisuchus
3205:Eoalligator
3133:Deinosuchus
3112:Arambourgia
3054:Deinosuchus
2928:Arenysuchus
2896:Ultrastenos
2853:Kalthifrons
2238:2318/130008
1964::1181-1183.
1840:carnivorans
1723:Riversleigh
1681:Tethysuchia
883:Osteolaemus
664:East Africa
619:Burdigalian
481:Description
456:recognized
432:Wadi Natrun
400:Pleistocene
374:during the
249:Subfamily:
46:Pleistocene
4942:Categories
4872:Q112779461
4792:Q112779583
4712:Q112779353
4617:Euthecodon
4585:See also:
4323:sensu lato
4319:Gavialinae
4183:Gavialidae
3988:Crocodylus
3912:Rimasuchus
3905:Euthecodon
3891:Brochuchus
3637:M. fisheri
3470:Acresuchus
3457:Caimaninae
3407:A. mcgrewi
3087:Globidonta
2867:Mekosuchus
2776:see below↓
2767:Crocodilia
2679:Sauropsida
2607:Euthecodon
2532:: e12094.
2471:(1): 505.
2290:Euthecodon
2130:: 102410.
2084:(3): 587.
2074:Crocodylus
2014:Euthecodon
1893:References
1887:Euthecodon
1875:Euthecodon
1866:Euthecodon
1852:Crocodylus
1830:alongside
1803:Rimasuchus
1779:Nile perch
1771:Eogavialis
1767:Euthecodon
1751:Crocodylus
1746:Eogavialis
1718:Euthecodon
1699:Euthecodon
1694:Euthecodon
1689:Euthecodon
1685:gavialoids
1669:Euthecodon
1620:Crocodylus
1271:Brochuchus
1267:Euthecodon
1220:Crocodylus
1091:Rimasuchus
1064:Brochuchus
1028:Euthecodon
967:Crocodylus
959:Euthecodon
924:Brochuchus
918:Rimasuchus
904:Euthecodon
896:Eogavialis
887:Euthecodon
843:Euthecodon
839:Euthecodon
835:E. brumpti
831:E. nitriae
827:E. nitriae
819:E. brumpti
815:E. nitriae
807:Euthecodon
800:Euthecodon
753:Euthecodon
722:Euthecodon
704:E. nitriae
700:E. brumpti
684:Longarakak
627:Euthecodon
589:Euthecodon
565:Euthecodon
558:Euthecodon
542:E. nitriae
538:E. brumpti
523:Euthecodon
519:E. brumpti
515:E. brumpti
511:E. nitriae
502:Euthecodon
498:Euthecodon
491:E. brumpti
466:Oskar Kuhn
462:E. brumpti
458:Euthecodon
412:Euthecodon
396:Euthecodon
356:Euthecodon
267:Euthecodon
233:Crocodilia
143:E. brumpti
139:E. nitriae
36:Euthecodon
4521:G. lewisi
4497:G. browni
4269:Tomistoma
3607:Tsoabichi
3428:A. olseni
3390:Alligator
2874:Paludirex
2755:Neosuchia
2740:Neosuchia
2665:Kingdom:
2487:2399-3642
2396::479-522.
2023::291-302.
1915::816-818.
1906:Tomistoma
1856:Tomistoma
1740:Mecistops
1683:and many
1667:Although
1259:Mecistops
955:Mecistops
939:molecular
879:Mecistops
849:Phylogeny
781:Messinian
730:Tortonian
692:Todenyang
652:Omo Basin
446:Tomistoma
368:crocodile
173:Kingdom:
167:Eukaryota
4886:42334997
4866:Wikidata
4806:42334998
4786:Wikidata
4726:42334999
4706:Wikidata
4632:Q5414460
4626:Wikidata
4472:Gavialis
3960:Quinkana
3521:Eocaiman
3141:Eocaiman
2881:Quinkana
2697:Eusuchia
2673:Chordata
2671:Phylum:
2667:Animalia
2647:Extinct
2558:34567843
2505:33907305
2446:30051855
2420:(1881).
2387:Gavialis
2299::321-322
2152:40288117
2144:29132687
2106:85103427
1881:and the
1848:primates
1824:dolphins
1727:Lothagam
933:and the
785:Zanclean
734:Tunisian
668:Lothagam
660:Ethiopia
569:Cenozoic
493:(orange)
420:Ethiopia
388:Ethiopia
239:Family:
197:Reptilia
187:Chordata
183:Phylum:
177:Animalia
163:Domain:
4912:6150050
4899:8629982
4832:6150051
4819:8502053
4752:6150052
4739:8568530
4672:1248900
4659:4822213
4646:4472694
3952:Kinyang
3919:Kinyang
2860:Kambara
2677:Class:
2610:in the
2549:8428266
2496:8079395
2437:6030529
2279::67-85.
2217:Bibcode
2209:Geobios
2175:Bibcode
2086:Bibcode
1832:catfish
1828:sawfish
767:), the
688:Nakoret
680:Kanapoi
623:Miocene
611:Moghara
595:Species
448:. Both
380:fossils
378:, with
376:Neogene
361:extinct
302:Species
259:Genus:
229:Order:
193:Class:
42:Miocene
4925:266017
4845:266684
4765:273995
3656:Caiman
2913:Others
2556:
2546:
2503:
2493:
2485:
2444:
2434:
2150:
2142:
2104:
2055:
1820:sharks
1783:bichir
1725:). In
672:Nawata
390:, and
372:Africa
359:is an
4685:38445
4667:IRMNG
2903:Volia
2808:Basal
2693:Clade
2684:Clade
2525:PeerJ
2148:S2CID
2102:S2CID
1673:niche
792:Libya
773:Congo
436:Egypt
392:Libya
384:Kenya
364:genus
217:Clade
204:Clade
4894:GBIF
4814:GBIF
4734:GBIF
4654:GBIF
3976:Voay
2838:Baru
2753:see
2726:see
2554:PMID
2501:PMID
2483:ISSN
2442:PMID
2140:PMID
2053:ISBN
1846:and
1826:and
1806:and
1789:and
1769:and
1759:and
1263:Voay
1200:Voay
963:Voay
930:Voay
881:and
777:Ombo
690:and
674:and
583:and
581:nile
552:and
468:and
452:and
59:PreꞒ
4881:EoL
4801:EoL
4721:EoL
4641:EoL
2586:doi
2582:127
2544:PMC
2534:doi
2491:PMC
2473:doi
2432:PMC
2422:doi
2418:285
2370:In:
2336:In:
2253:In:
2233:hdl
2225:doi
2183:doi
2132:doi
2128:140
2094:doi
1975:In:
1962:252
1939:In:
945:),
783:to
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654:of
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