404:. In 1847 he published an introduction to naval steam engineering (Dutch: Handleiding tot de kennis van het Scheeps-Stoomwerktuig). In 1852 he published: De Schroef (the Screw), a work about screw propulsion. In 1853 he published: De schroef-machine (the screw-machine). In the introduction to the screw-machine Huygens clearly states that before ordering the construction of screw-machines for the new warships with auxiliary power, the secretary for the navy ordered him to investigate the subject in England. The investigation was to concern which kind of machines and screws the English thought most effective, and what kind of improvements had been made to steam machines in recent times. The findings would give directions for equipping the ships with machines and screws, and aid in an attempt to make ships that were equal to foreign ships in every aspect. Later Huygens would repeat the investigation in company of the chief-engineer Tromp. Tromp was responsible for ship construction, Huygens for machinery. In the final sentence of the introduction Huygens stated that it would describe the machinery for the
22:
86:
130:
483:, can be considered to be the types of the 1855 program, at least with respect to machinery. In 1855 Huygens published: Schroef-stoomschepen as a 4th appendix to Handleiding tot de kennis van het Scheeps-Stoomwerktuig. In Schroefstoomschepen, published in the same year as the Plan 1855, Huygens compared the frigates of the 1855 program to the
340:
fighting warship for the East Indies would be a screw corvette of 250 hp, 12 30-pounders and 125 men, of which 12 would be built. For policing the many outposts in the Indies 15 sloops of 100 hp, 12 guns and 85 men would be built. These would be supplemented by small paddle ships that would navigate rivers and shallow waters. The ships of the
491:. His conclusion was that the Dutch frigates had the same power to displacement ratio, i.e. 1 : 8. (400 hp to 3,200 t displacement), that the English ships had done well in service and had sometimes achieved 9–10 knots. He compared the 250 hp corvettes of the plan 1855 with the light frigate
356:
class were heavy frigates with auxiliary power. The prime objective of the designers of screw ships with auxiliary power was to create a steam ship with a full broadside. This led to screw frigates that were basically slightly longer versions of their sail only counterparts, the extra length being
339:
became the new Dutch
Secretary for the navy. In May 1855 Smit van den Broecke presented an overall plan for the fleet at home and in the East Indies. The heaviest ships of the new fleet would be 3 screw steam frigates of 400 hp, 50 guns and 500 men, to be stationed in the Netherlands. The standard
304:
The first coherent Dutch reaction to the appearance of screw driven warships was the plan 1852. It was a plan conceived by a commission of naval officers and augmented by the secretary for the navy. It led to orders to construct four ships in
November 1852. These were: the screw frigate
357:
used for machinery and coal storage. Even so, the equivalent broadside was difficult to achieve. Weight had to be saved on engines and coal storage, and so these ships were intended to use their engines only in fights and emergencies, and to sail the rest of the time.
425:
We believe that the best course is to follow other, bigger countries without experimenting to see what's good, but to use their experiments, and so to keep up with these other countries as much as possible.
520:
length 65, beam 15.29, depth 5.11, displacement 3,125t, 400 nominal hp 1159 ihp. However equal these ships were in outward appearances, their capabilities differed significantly. Under steam the
327:) was laid down in late 1854, the Dutch house of representatives was deeply worried by the apparent demise of the Dutch navy and the absence of a plan to make her effective again.
1543:
397:
was 1.4 meters wider, amounting to an almost 10% increase in beam. This sudden increase in width of the Dutch heavy frigates from 14.30 m to 15.70 m seems a strange development.
1548:
528:
ran closer to 8 knots. Considering the difference between the United
Kingdom and the Netherlands in naval budget, engineering- and design capabilities this is no surprise.
495:
of 300 hp. Huygens then declared that from a steam-mechanical point of view the ships of the plan were completely in line with contemporary technical standards.
1056:
377:
was laid down the Dutch did not yet have a sailing frigate in commission, and therefore lacked any proof that either the previous lengthened sail frigate
336:
1499:
43:
1082:
421:
We cannot rival the
English in number of ships, but we should at least try to rival them in the capacities (hoedanigheid) of our ships
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607:
85:
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135:
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117:
747:, Bijlage A: Algemeen Overzigt der Schepen en vaartuigen van oorlog op den 1sten Augustus 1875 pdf 88.
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1424:
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1000:
934:
916:
898:
880:
775:
757:
698:
De
Schroef-stoomschepen 4th appendix to Handleiding tot de kennis van het Scheeps-stoomwerktuig
1397:
1129:
1287:
1484:
1375:
323:
the construction of screw driven warships. When a second expensive screw frigate (the
1537:
1238:
1190:
1158:
655:
Note that some online versions of
Huygens work are bundled together in single pdf's.
277:
182:
516:
length 63.5, beam 15.70, depth 6.80, displacement 3,300t, 400 nominal hp, 1000 ihp.
400:
Lieutenant H. Huijgens was a teacher in steam engineering at the Naval
Institute in
1450:
475:
had 400 hp. Therefore there can be little doubt that these two ships: the frigate
725:
713:
701:
689:
677:
665:
1279:
1151:
1102:
1074:
427:
On his second trip to
England Huygens visited the frigate with auxiliary power
553:
419:
Huygens would end the report of his first visit to
England with the sentence:
273:
230:
401:
1071:
457:
etc. etc. He mentioned all these in his book, but he only described the
1409:
1320:
1065:
Dutch naval ship classes and unique ships 1865 – 1889 (Ironclad age)
373:
to have (auxiliary) steam power. At the time that the lead ship
1038:
15:
369:
class were the first frigates of the Dutch navy which were
710:
Verhandelingen en
Berichten betrekkelijk het Zeewezen 1868
827:
825:
666:
Handleiding tot de kennis van het Scheeps-stoomwerktuig
662:
Handleiding tot de kennis van het Scheeps-stoomwerktuig
623:
Decommissioned 30 Sep 1920 as barracks ship Neptunus
344:
class fitted the 400 hp screw frigates of this plan.
1483:
1449:
1408:
1374:
1319:
1278:
1237:
1189:
1169:
1128:
1100:
1070:
584:Both ships were built by the Rijkswerf Vlissingen.
416:. Machines that were already under construction.
389:was only 1.14 meters longer than the previous
1050:
8:
1544:Steam frigates of the Royal Netherlands Navy
744:
572:, but sometimes she was also referred to as
1549:19th-century naval ships of the Netherlands
1057:
1043:
1035:
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
726:Bijlagen van het verslag der handelingen
722:Bijlagen van het verslag der Handelingen
586:
423:. In his work The Screw Huygens stated:
29:This article includes a list of general
867:
855:
843:
831:
816:
804:
792:
737:
724:, Nederlandsche Staatscourant, p.
712:, Hulst van Keulen, Amsterdam, p.
700:, Hulst van Keulen, Amsterdam, p.
688:, Hulst van Keulen, Amsterdam, p.
676:, Hulst van Keulen, Amsterdam, p.
664:, Hulst van Keulen, Amsterdam, p.
437:of 250 hp, the screw ship of the line
300:Plan 1852: First reaction to the screw
80:
969:
348:Characteristics of the Evertsen class
7:
524:class attained almost 10 knots. The
445:of 8 guns and 400 hp, the transport
200:63.50 m (208 ft 4 in)
208:15.70 m (51 ft 6 in)
552:class had machines of 400 nominal
216:6.80 m (22 ft 4 in)
35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
479:of 400 hp and the steam corvette
311:, the two screw corvettes of the
128:
84:
20:
953:"Benoemingen, Pensioenen, enz"
512:, is striking at first sight.
295:Dutch Naval Plans in the 1850s
1:
1084:Prins Hendrik der Nederlanden
393:, i.e. 1.8%. The beam of the
78:Dutch class of steam frigates
1019:"Batavia, 10 September 1883"
1005:Nieuwe Rotterdamsche courant
957:Nederlandsche staatscourant
939:Nederlandsche staatscourant
885:Nederlandsche staatscourant
714:Verhandelingen en Berichten
453:of 32 guns and 300 hp, the
91:Frigate Zeeland (1859–1883)
1565:
987:Nieuw Amsterdamsch handels
315:, and one screw schooner (
1517:
935:"Binnenlandsche Berigten"
598:
595:
592:
589:
385:would be successful. The
173:
97:
83:
243:8 knots. (machines only)
1023:Bataviaasch handelsblad
762:Dagblad van Zuidholland
702:De Schroef-stoomschepen
644:Unfit for sea Sep 1883
498:The resemblance of the
471:, a sister ship of the
174:General characteristics
50:more precise citations.
1091:Koning der Nederlanden
568:was officially called
540:consisted of 51 guns.
319:). This was a plan to
284:. The class comprised
282:Royal Netherlands Navy
226:400 nominal horsepower
136:Royal Netherlands Navy
921:Rotterdamsche courant
720:Tweede Kamer (1875),
431:, the steam corvette
1524:Single ship of class
1171:Unprotected cruisers
1025:. 10 September 1883.
959:. 30 September 1920.
923:. 23 September 1857.
903:Algemeen Handelsblad
899:"Vlissingen, 26 Oct"
696:Huygens, H. (1855),
684:Huygens, H. (1853),
672:Huygens, H. (1852),
660:Huygens, H. (1847),
536:The armament of the
337:Smit van den Broecke
231:indicated horsepower
118:Rijkswerf Vlissingen
1501:Melvill van Carnbee
776:"Amsterdam, 11 Mei"
335:On 8 February 1855
905:. 30 October 1854.
764:. 27 October 1854.
708:Swart, J. (1868),
690:De Schroef-machine
686:De Schroef-Machine
580:Ships in the class
439:Duke of Wellington
1531:
1530:
917:"Staten Generaal"
887:. 23 August 1854.
745:Tweede Kamer 1875
648:
647:
635:28 February 1856
574:Admiraal Evertsen
352:The ships of the
263:
262:
259:ship made of wood
76:
75:
68:
1556:
1485:Research vessels
1214:Adolf van Nassau
1059:
1052:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1026:
1015:
1009:
1008:
997:
991:
990:
989:. 1 August 1859.
979:
973:
967:
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949:
943:
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907:
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614:25 October 1854
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81:
71:
64:
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51:
46:this article by
37:inline citations
24:
23:
16:
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1376:Paddle steamers
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1315:
1274:
1239:Steam corvettes
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1007:. 3 April 1860.
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502:to the British
465:of 360 hp. The
461:250 hp and the
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302:
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221:Installed power
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42:Please help to
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1337:Haarlemmermeer
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1282:
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1269:Zilveren Kruis
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1243:
1241:
1235:
1234:
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1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1195:
1193:
1191:Steam frigates
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974:
972:, p. 124.
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941:. 13 May 1858.
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782:. 12 May 1858.
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301:
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278:steam frigates
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98:Class overview
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56:September 2023
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1471:
1469:
1468:
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1462:
1461:
1457:
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1454:
1452:
1451:Torpedo boats
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1304:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1280:Sloops-of-war
1277:
1271:
1270:
1266:
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1263:
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1256:
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1228:Anna Paulowna
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988:
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954:
948:
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940:
936:
930:
927:
922:
918:
912:
909:
904:
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894:
891:
886:
882:
881:"Nederlanden"
876:
873:
870:, p. 33.
869:
864:
861:
858:, p. 28.
857:
852:
849:
846:, p. 33.
845:
840:
837:
834:, p. 34.
833:
828:
826:
822:
818:
813:
810:
806:
801:
798:
794:
789:
786:
781:
777:
771:
768:
763:
759:
758:"Nederlanden"
753:
750:
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741:
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732:
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718:
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703:
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641:1 April 1860
640:
638:30 July 1859
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626:
622:
619:
616:
613:
611:
610:
606:
605:
601:
599:Commissioned
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557:
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551:
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233:(750 kW)
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183:Steam Frigate
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1206:
1205:
1199:
1179:
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1152:
1145:
1138:
1118:
1111:
1103:turret ships
1090:
1083:
1075:turret ships
1031:
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1004:
1001:"Binnenland"
995:
986:
983:"Binnenland"
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965:
956:
947:
938:
929:
920:
911:
902:
893:
884:
875:
868:Huygens 1855
863:
856:Huygens 1855
851:
844:Huygens 1852
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832:Huygens 1853
817:Huygens 1853
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805:Huygens 1852
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793:Huygens 1847
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617:21 Sep 1857
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189:Displacement
106:
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1139:Heiligerlee
145:1 June 1858
48:introducing
1538:Categories
1494:Hydrograaf
1321:Gunvessels
1112:Schorpioen
970:Swart 1868
678:De Schroef
674:De Schroef
651:References
593:Laid down
554:horsepower
544:Propulsion
522:Imperieuse
504:Imperieuse
485:Imperieuse
473:Imperieuse
463:Imperieuse
429:Imperieuse
248:Complement
192:3,375 tons
142:In service
31:references
1358:Pontianak
1344:Soestdijk
1303:Watergeus
1255:Groningen
1221:De Ruyter
1200:Wassenaar
596:Launched
481:Highflyer
459:Highflyer
434:Highflyer
414:Wassenaar
402:Medemblik
391:Wassenaar
379:Wassenaar
331:Plan 1855
308:Wassenaar
158:Completed
124:Operators
1474:Cerberus
1467:Ardjoeno
1410:Gunboats
1392:Ardjoeno
1365:Samarang
1296:Vesuvius
1207:Evertsen
1130:Monitors
1072:Ironclad
609:Evertsen
570:Evertsen
566:Evertsen
550:Evertsen
538:Evertsen
532:Armament
526:Evertsen
518:Euryalus
514:Evertsen
509:Euryalus
500:Evertsen
489:Euryalus
477:Euryalus
468:Euryalus
443:Conflict
395:Evertsen
387:Evertsen
383:Evertsen
375:Evertsen
371:designed
367:Evertsen
354:Evertsen
342:Evertsen
325:Evertsen
317:Montrado
286:Evertsen
268:Evertsen
166:Scrapped
114:Builders
107:Evertsen
1508:Buyskes
1419:Vahalis
1385:Sumatra
1310:Alkmaar
1160:Matador
630:Zeeland
493:Tribune
455:Plumper
451:Tribune
381:or the
290:Zeeland
280:of the
213:Draught
150:Planned
44:improve
1330:Hector
1262:Djambi
1248:Medusa
1119:Buffel
780:De Tijd
449:, the
447:Vulcan
441:, the
410:Amelia
406:Medusa
361:Design
272:was a
256:Armour
229:1,000
197:Length
133:
33:, but
1440:Wodan
1433:Isala
1399:Bromo
1351:Riouw
1180:Atjeh
1153:Draak
1146:Adder
733:Notes
602:Fate
590:Name
560:Names
321:start
274:class
270:class
240:Speed
109:class
1426:Ever
1289:Bali
1101:Ram
564:The
548:The
487:and
412:and
365:The
288:and
265:The
205:Beam
179:Type
103:Name
276:of
251:500
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