31:
where a condition for development is imposed on a parcel of land that requires the developer to mitigate anticipated negative impacts of the development. The rationale for imposing the exaction is to offset the costs, defined broadly in economic terms, of the development to the municipality.
93:, the court added that an exaction is legitimate only if the public benefit from the exaction is roughly proportional to the burden imposed on the public by allowing the proposed land use—that is, that the exaction is not excessive to compensate for the
78:
over the dry sand area of the beach as a condition for development, because they found that the easement was not closely related enough to fighting the psychological barrier to beach access that the development would present.
131:
apply even when a permit is denied because the applicant refuses to agree to an exaction, and even when the exaction consists of a payment of money, rather than a dedication of land.
119:
97:
the proposed land use would impose. This "rough proportionality" must be shown by an individualized determination, with the burden on the government to show its evidence. In
53:
70:, the court ruled that an exaction is legitimate if it shares an "essential nexus" with the reasons that would allow rejection of the permit altogether. In
188:
66:
49:
45:
261:
136:
256:
140:, the Supreme Court of the United States expanded exactions to apply to both adjudicative and legislative actions.
199:
89:
17:
102:
101:, the court required compensation for an exaction that required donation of land for a public
28:
106:
36:, which are direct payments to local governments instead of conditions on development.
250:
94:
33:
105:
and bike path, because a private greenway would have been sufficient and the
48:
has identified several criteria for identifying when an exaction becomes a
75:
109:
was not specific enough about the benefits of the bike path.
120:
Koontz v. St. Johns River Water
Management District
74:the court required compensation for a public
8:
123:, the court clarified that the standards of
193:University of Florida Levin College of Law"
161:Cases and Text on Property, Fifth Edition.
163:Aspen Publishers, New York: 2004, p. 1221
137:Sheetz v. County of El Dorado, California
16:For other uses of the word "exact", see
149:
67:Nollan v. California Coastal Commission
113:Permit denials and monetary exactions
52:that requires compensation under the
7:
46:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
1:
278:
191:Exactions and Impact Fees.
15:
177:. Routledge. p. 246.
32:Exactions are similar to
175:Encyclopedia of the City
262:Takings Clause case law
90:Dolan v. City of Tigard
18:exact (disambiguation)
173:Caves, R. W. (2004).
83:Rough proportionality
40:Exactions and takings
27:is a concept in US
257:Real property law
29:real property law
269:
241:
238:
232:
229:
223:
220:
214:
213:
211:
210:
204:
198:. Archived from
197:
185:
179:
178:
170:
164:
154:
277:
276:
272:
271:
270:
268:
267:
266:
247:
246:
245:
244:
240:Casner, p. 1219
239:
235:
231:Casner, p. 1208
230:
226:
222:Casner, p. 1221
221:
217:
208:
206:
202:
195:
187:
186:
182:
172:
171:
167:
155:
151:
146:
115:
85:
62:
60:Essential nexus
54:Fifth Amendment
42:
21:
12:
11:
5:
275:
273:
265:
264:
259:
249:
248:
243:
242:
233:
224:
215:
180:
165:
148:
147:
145:
142:
114:
111:
107:City of Tigard
84:
81:
61:
58:
41:
38:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
274:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
252:
237:
234:
228:
225:
219:
216:
205:on 2011-07-16
201:
194:
192:
184:
181:
176:
169:
166:
162:
159:
156:Casner, A.J.
153:
150:
143:
141:
139:
138:
132:
130:
126:
122:
121:
112:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
91:
82:
80:
77:
73:
69:
68:
59:
57:
55:
51:
47:
39:
37:
35:
30:
26:
19:
236:
227:
218:
207:. Retrieved
200:the original
190:
183:
174:
168:
160:
157:
152:
135:
133:
128:
124:
118:
116:
98:
88:
86:
71:
65:
63:
43:
24:
22:
95:externality
34:impact fees
251:Categories
209:2010-07-21
144:References
103:greenway
76:easement
25:exaction
158:et al.
125:Nollan
72:Nollan
50:taking
203:(PDF)
196:(PDF)
129:Dolan
99:Dolan
127:and
44:The
134:In
117:In
87:In
64:In
23:An
253::
56:.
212:.
189:"
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.